HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
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s
glossary(9) glossary(9)
SS/80 See CS/80.
standard error
The destination of error and special messages from a program, intended to be used for diag-
nostic messages. The standard error output is often called stderr, and is automatically
opened for writing on file descriptor 2 for every command invoked. By default, the user’s
terminal is the destination of all data written to stderr, but it can be redirected elsewhere.
Unlike standard input and standard output, which are never used for data transfer in the
‘‘wrong’’ direction, standard error is occasionally read. This is not recommended practice,
since I/O redirection is likely to break a program doing this.
standard input
The source of input data for a program. The standard input file is often called stdin, and is
automatically opened for reading on file descriptor 0 for every command invoked. By
default, the user’s terminal is the source of all data read from stdin, but it can be
redirected from another source.
standard output
The destination of output data from a program. The standard output file is often called
stdout, and is automatically opened for writing on file descriptor 1 for every command
invoked. By default, the user’s terminal is the destination of all data written to stdout, but
it can be redirected elsewhere.
stderr See standard error.
stdin See standard input.
stdout See standard output.
stream A term most often used in conjunction with the standard I/O library routines documented
in Section 3 of this manual. A stream is simply a file pointer (declared as
FILE
*stream
) returned by the fopen(3S) library routines. It may or may not have buffering
associated with it (by default, buffering is assigned, but this can be modified with
setbuf(3S)).
sticky bit A single bit in the mode of every file in the file system. If set on a regular file, the con-
tents of the file stay permanently in memory instead of being swapped back out to disk
when the file has finished executing. Only superuser can set the sticky bit on a regular
file. The sticky bit is read each time the file is executed (via exec(2)).
If set on a directory, the files in that directory can be removed or renamed only by the
owner of the file, the owner of the directory containing the file, or superuser. See also
chmod(2), rename(2), rmdir(2), and unlink(2).
subdirectory A directory that is one or more levels lower in the file system hierarchy than a given direc-
tory. Sometimes called a subordinate directory.
subordinate directory
See subdirectory.
Subset 1980 See CS/80.
superblock A block on each file system’s mass storage medium which describes the file system. The
contents of the superblock vary between implementations. Refer to the System Adminis-
trator manuals supplied with your system, and the appropriate fs(4) entry for details.
superuser The HP-UX system administrator. This user has access to all files, and can perform
privileged operations. superuser has a real user ID and effective user ID of 0, and, by
convention, the user name of root.
superior directory
See parent directory.
supplementary group ID
A process has up to
NGROUPS_MAX supplementary group IDs used in determining file
access permissions, in addition to the effective group ID. The supplementary group IDs of
a process are set to the supplementary group IDs of the parent process when the process is
created.
symbolic link A type of file that indirectly refers to a path name. See symlink(4).
Section 9−−22 − 21 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000
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