HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
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n
glossary(9) glossary(9)
normally interprets a carriage-return/line-feed sequence sent by a terminal as a single new-
line character (but see tty(7) for full details)
NLS See Native Language Support.
NLSPATH An environment variable used to indicate the search path for message catalogs (see mes-
sage catalog).
node name A string of up to 31 characters, not including control characters or spaces, that uniquely
identifies a node on a Local Area Network (LAN). The node name for each system is set
by the npowerup command, which is one of the commands supplied with optional
LAN/9000 products. Do not confuse a node name with a host name, which is a string that
uniquely identifies an HP-UX system on a UUCP network. Your node and host names can
be identical, but they are used and set by totally different software. See host name,
LAN/9000User’s Guide, and LAN/9000Node Manager’s Guide.
nonspacing characters
Characters, such as a diacritical mark or accents, that are used in combination with other
characters to form composite graphic symbols commonly found in non-English languages.
open file A file that is currently associated with a file descriptor.
open file description
A record of how a process or a group of processes is accessing a file. Each file descriptor
refers to exactly one open file description, but an open file description can be referred
to by more than one file descriptor. The file offset, file status flags, and file access
modes are attributes of an open file description.
ordinary file A type of HP-UX file containing ASCII text (e.g., program source), binary data (e.g., execut-
able code), etc. Ordinary files can be created by the user through I/O redirection, editors,
or HP-UX commands.
orphan process
A child process that is left behind when a parent process terminates for any reason.
The
init process (see init(1M)) inherits (that is, becomes the effective parent of) all
orphan processes.
orphaned process group
A process group in which the parent of every member is either itself a member of the group
or is not a member of the group’s session.
owner The owner of a le is usually the creator of that file. However, the ownership of a file can
be changed by the superuser or the current owner with the chown(1) command or the
chown(2) system call. The file owner is able to do whatever he wants with his files, includ-
ing remove them, copy them, move them, change their contents, etc. The owner can also
change the files modes.
parent directory
The directory one level above a directory in the file hierarchy. All directories except the
root directory (/) have one (and only one) parent directory. The root directory has no
parent. See also dot and dot-dot.
parent process
Whenever a new process is created by a currently-existing process (via fork(2)), the
currently existing process is said to be the parent process of the newly created process.
Every process has exactly one parent process (except the
init process, see init), but
each process can create several new processes with the fork(2) system call. The parent pro-
cess ID of any process is the process ID of its creator.
parent process ID
A new process is created by a currently active process. The parent process ID of a pro-
cess is the process ID of its creator for the lifetime of the creator. After the creator’s life-
time has ended, the parent process ID is the process ID of init.
password A string of ASCII characters used to verify the identity of a user. Passwords can be associ-
ated with users and groups. If a user has a password, it is automatically encrypted and
entered in the second field of that user’s line in the
/etc/passwd file. A user can create
or change his or her own password by using the passwd(1) command.
Section 914 13 HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000
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