HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
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f
glossary(9) glossary(9)
necessarily unique across file systems in the file hierarchy.
file status flags
Part of an open file description. These flags can be used to modify the behavior of sys-
tem calls that access the file described by the open file description.
file system A collection of files and supporting data structures residing on a mass storage volume. A
file system provides a name space for file serial numbers referring to those files. Refer to
the System Administrator manuals supplied with your system for details concerning file
system implementation and maintenance.
file times update
Each file has three associated time values that are updated when file data is accessed or
modified, or when the file status is changed. These values are returned in the file charac-
teristics structure, as described in <sys/stat.h> . For each function in HP-UX that
reads or writes file data or changes the file status, the appropriate time-related files are
noted as ‘‘marked-for-update’’. When an update point occurs, any marked fields are set to
the current time and the update marks are cleared. One such update point occurs when
the file is no longer open for any process. Updates are not performed for files on read-only
file systems.
filter A command that reads data from the standard input, performs a transformation on the
data, and writes it to the standard output.
foreground process group
Each session that has established a connection with a controlling terminal has exactly one
process group of the session as a foreground process group of that controlling terminal. The
foreground process group has certain privileges when accessing its controlling terminal that
are denied to background process groups. See read(2) and write(2).
foreground process group ID
The process group ID of the foreground process group.
fork An HP-UX system call (see fork(2)), which, when invoked by an existing process, causes a
new process to be created. The new process is called the child process; the existing pro-
cess is called the parent process. The child process is created by making an exact copy of
the parent process. The parent and child processes are able to identify themselves by the
value returned by their corresponding fork call (see fork(2) for details).
function number
On Series 700 systems, when two or more interfaces reside on a single interface card, each
interface is treated as a separate function and is assigned a corresponding unique function
number.
graphic character
A character other than a control character that has a visual representation when hand-
written, printed, or displayed.
group See group ID.
group ID Associates zero or more users who must all be permitted to access the same set of files.
The members of a group are defined in the files
/etc/passwd and /etc/logingroup
(if it exists) via a numerical group ID that must be between zero and UID_MAX,inclusive.
Users with identical group IDs are members of the same group. An ASCII group name is
associated with each group ID in the file
/etc/group. A group ID is also associated with
every file in the file hierarchy, and the mode of each file contains a set of permission bits
that apply only to this group. Thus, if you belong to a group that is associated with a file,
and if the appropriate permissions are granted to your group in the file’s mode, you can
access the file. When the identity of a group is associated with a process, a group ID value
is referred to as a real group ID,aneffective group ID,asupplementary group ID,
or a saved group ID. See also privileged group and set-group-ID bit.
group access list
A set of supplementary group IDs used in determining resource accessibility. Access
checks are performed as described in file access permissions.
hierarchical directory
A directory (or file system) structure in which each directory can contain other directories
as well as files.
HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000 − 8 − Section 9−−9
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