HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 5 Miscellaneous Topics, 7 Device (Special) Files, 9 General Information, Index (vol 9)

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glossary(9) glossary(9)

character set A set of characters used to communicate in a native or computer language.

character special file

A special ﬁle associated with I/O devices that transfer data byte-by-byte. Other byte-mode

I/O devices include printers, nine-track magnetic tape drives, and disk drives when

accessed in ‘‘raw’’ mode (see raw disk). A character special ﬁle has no predeﬁned struc-

ture.

child process A new process created by a pre-existing process via the fork(2) system call. The new pro-

cess is thereafter known to the pre-existing process as its child process. The pre-existing

process is the parent process of the new process. See parent process and fork.

clock tick A rate used within the system for scheduling and accounting. It consists of the number of

intervals per second as deﬁned by CLK_TCK that is used to express the value in type

clock_t. CLK_TCK was previously known as the deﬁned constant HZ.

coded character set

A set of unambiguous rules that establishes a character set and the one-to-one relationship

between each character of the set and its corresponding bit representation. ASCII is a

coded character set.

collating element

The smallest entity used in collation to determine the logical ordering of strings (that is, the

collation sequence). To accommodate native languages, a collating element consists of

either a single character, or two or more characters collating as a single entity. The

current value of the LANG environment variable determines the current set of collating ele-

ments.

collation The logical ordering of strings in a predeﬁned sequence according to rules established by

precedence. These rules identify a collation sequence among the collating elements and

also govern the ordering of strings consisting of multiple collating elements, to accommo-

date native languages.

collation sequence

The ordering sequence applied to collating elements when they are sorted. To accommo-

date native languages, collation sequence can be thought of as the relative order of col-

lating elements as set by the current value of the

LANG environment variable. Charac-

ters can be omitted from the collation sequence, or two or more collating elements can be

given the same relative order (see string(3C)).

command A directive to perform a particular task. HP-UX commands are executed through a com-

mand interpreter called a shell. HP-UX supports several shells, including the Bourne

shell (sh-bourne(1)), the POSIX shell (sh-posix(1)), the C shell (csh(1)), and the Korn shell

(ksh(1)). See sh(1) for more information about supported shells. Most commands are car-

ried out by an executable ﬁle, called a utility, which might take the form of a stand-alone

unit of executable object code (a program) or a ﬁle containing a list of other programs to

execute in a given order (a shell script). Scripts can contain references to other scripts, as

well as to object-code programs. A typical command consists of the utility name followed

by arguments that are passed to the utility. For example, in the command, ‘‘ls mydirec-

tory’’, ‘‘ls’’ is the utility name and ‘‘mydirectory’’ is an argument passed to the ‘‘ls’’ util-

ity.

command interpreter

A program which reads lines of text from standard input (typed at the keyboard or read

from a ﬁle), and interprets them as requests to execute other programs. A command inter-

preter for HP-UX is called a shell. See sh(1) and related manual entries.

Command Set 1980

See CS/80.

composite graphic symbol

A graphic symbol consisting of a combination of two or more other graphic symbols in a sin-

gle character position, such as a diacritical mark and a basic letter.

control character

A character other than a graphic character that affects the recording, processing, transmis-

sion, or interpretation of text. In the ASCII character set, control characters are those

in the range 0 through 31, and 127. Control characters can be generated by holding down

Section 9−−4 − 3 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000

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