HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 1 User Commands N-Z (vol 2)
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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
/build/1111/BRICK/man1/neqn.1
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t
tail(1) tail(1)
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
LC_CTYPE determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(e.g., single- versus multibyte characters in arguments and input files).
LC_MESSAGES determines the language in which messages are displayed.
If LC_CTYPE or LC_MESSAGES is not specified in the environment or is set to the empty string, the
value of LANG is used as a default for each unspecified or empty variable. If LANG is not specified or is
set to the empty string, a default of "C" (see lang(5)) is used instead of LANG.
If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, tail behaves as if all internationalization
variables are set to "C". See environ(5).
International Code Set Support
Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported. However, the b and c options can break multi-
byte characters and should be used with caution in a multi-byte locale environment.
EXAMPLES
Print the last three lines in file
file1 to the standard output, and leave tail in ‘‘follow’’ mode:
tail -fn 3 file1
tail -3 -f file1
Print the last 15 bytes of file logfile followed by any lines that are appended to
logfile after tail
is initiated until it is killed:
tail -fc15 logfile
tail -f -c 15 logfile
Three ways to print an entire file:
tail -b +1 file
tail -c +1 file
tail -n +1 file
WARNINGS
Tails relative to end-of-file are stored in a 20-Kbyte buffer, and thus are limited in length. Therefore, be
wary of the results when piping output from other commands into tail.
Various kinds of anomalous behavior may occur with character special files.
SEE ALSO
dd(1), head(1).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
tail: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.2
Section 1−−910 − 2 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000
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