HP-UX Reference (11i v1 00/12) - 1 User Commands N-Z (vol 2)

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD

/build/1111/BRICK/man1/neqn.1

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ps(1) ps(1)

A process that has exited and has a parent, but has not yet been waited for by the parent, is marked

<defunct> (see zombie process in exit(2)).

The time printed in the stime column, and used in computing the value for the etime column, is the

time when the process was forked, not the time when it was modiﬁed by exec().

To make the ps output safer to display and easier to read, all control characters in the comm and args

columns are displayed as "visible" equivalents in the customary control character format, ˆx.

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

Environment Variables

UNIX95 speciﬁes to use the XPG4 behavior for this command. The changes for XPG4 include support for

the entire option set speciﬁed above and include the following behavioral changes:

• The TIME column format changes from mmmm:ss to [dd-]hh:mm:ss.

• When the comm, args, user, and prmgrp ﬁelds are included by default or the -f or -l ﬂags

are used, the column headings of those ﬁelds change to CMD, CMD, USER, and PRMGRP, respec-

tively.

• -a, -d, and -g will select processes based on session rather than on process group.

• The uid or user column displayed by

-f or -l will display effective user rather than real user.

• The

-u option will select users based on effective UID rather than real UID.

• The -C and -H options, while they are not part of the XPG4 standard, are enabled.

LC_TIME determines the format and contents of date and time strings. If it is not speciﬁed or is null, it

defaults to the value of LANG.

If LANG is not speciﬁed or is null, it defaults to C (see lang(5)).

If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, all internationalization variables default to

C (see environ(5)).

International Code Set Support

Single-byte character code sets are supported.

EXAMPLES

Generate a full listing of all processes currently running on your machine:

ps -ef

To see if a certain process exists on the machine, such as the cron clock daemon, check the far right

column for the command name,

cron, or try

ps -f -C cron

WARNINGS

Things can change while ps is running; the picture it gives is only a snapshot in time. Some data printed

for defunct processes is irrelevant.

If two special ﬁles for terminals are located at the same select code, that terminal may be reported with

either name. The user can select processes with that terminal using either name.

Users of ps must not rely on the exact ﬁeld widths and spacing of its output, as these will vary depending

on the system, the release of HP-UX, and the data to be displayed.

DEPENDENCIES

HP Process Resource Manager

The -P and -R options require the optional HP Process Resource Manager (PRM) software to be installed

and conﬁgured. See prmconﬁg(1) for a description of how to conﬁgure HP PRM, and prmconf(4) for the

deﬁnition of "process resource group."

If HP PRM is not installed and conﬁgured and -P or -R is speciﬁed, a warning message is displayed and

(for -P) hyphens (-) are displayed in the prmid and prmgrp columns.

FILES

/dev Directory of terminal device ﬁles

Section 1−−752 − 4 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000

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