Command Reference Guide

ManualsBrandsHP ManualsSoftwareHP HP-UX Operating Systems

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD

/build/1111/BRICK/man1/!!!intro.1

________________________________________________________________

___ ___

awk(1) awk(1)

The print statement prints its arguments on the standard output (or on a ﬁle if >ﬁle or >>ﬁle is present

or on a pipe if |cmd is present), separated by the current output ﬁeld separator, and terminated by the out-

put record separator. ﬁle and cmd can be literal names or parenthesized expressions. Identical string

values in different statements denote the same open ﬁle. The printf statement formats its expression

list according to the format (see printf(3)).

Built-In Functions

The built-in function close(expr) closes the ﬁle or pipe expr opened by a print or printf state-

ment or a call to getline with the same string-valued expr. This function returns zero if successful, oth-

erwise, it returns non-zero.

The customary functions exp, log, sqrt, sin, cos, atan2 are built in. Other built-in functions are:

blength [( [s]) ]

Length of its associated argument (in bytes) taken as a string, or of $0 if no argu-

ment.

length [([s]) ] Length of its associated argument (in characters) taken as a string, or of $0 if no

argument.

rand() Returns a random number between zero and one.

srand( [expr]) Sets the seed value for rand, and returns the previous seed value. If no argument is

given, the time of day is used as the seed value; otherwise, expr is used.

int(x) Truncates to an integer value

substr(s, m [, n])

Return the at most n-character substring of s that begins at position m, numbering

from 1. If n is omitted, the substring is limited by the length of string s.

index( s, t ) Return the position, in characters, numbering from 1, in string s where string t ﬁrst

occurs, or zero if it does not occur at all.

match( s, ere ) Return the position, in characters, numbering from 1, in string s where the extended

regular expression ere occurs, or 0 if it does not. The variables

RSTART and

RLENGTH are set to the position and length of the matched string.

split( s, a[, fs])

Splits the string s into array elements a[1], a[2], ..., a[n]

, and returns n. The

separation is done with the regular expression fs, or with the ﬁeld separator

FS if fs

is not given.

sub( ere, repl [, in])

Substitutes repl for the ﬁrst occurrence of the extended regular expression ere in the

string in.Ifin is not given, $0 is used.

gsub Same as sub except that all occurrences of the regular expression are replaced;

sub and gsub return the number of replacements.

sprintf( fmt, expr, ... )

String resulting from formatting expr ... according to the printf(3S) format fmt

system(cmd) Executes cmd and returns its exit status

toupper(s) Converts the argument string s to uppercase and returns the result.

tolower(s) Converts the argument string s to lowercase and returns the result.

The built-in function getline sets $0 to the next input record from the current input ﬁle;

getline <

ﬁle sets $0 to the next record from ﬁle. getline x sets variable x instead. Finally, cmd | getline

pipes the output of cmd into getline; each call of getline returns the next line of output from cmd.

In all cases, getline returns 1 for a successful input, 0 for end of ﬁle, and −1 for an error.

Patterns

Patterns are arbitrary Boolean combinations (with !||&&) of regular expressions and relational expres-

sions. awk supports Extended Regular Expressions as described in regexp(5). Isolated regular expres-

sions in a pattern apply to the entire line. Regular expressions can also occur in relational expressions,

using the operators ˜ and !˜. /re/ is a constant regular expression; any string (constant or variable) can

be used as a regular expression, except in the position of an isolated regular expression in a pattern.

HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000 − 2 − Section 1−−35

___