Command Reference Guide
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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
/build/1111/BRICK/man1/!!!intro.1
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l
ls(1) ls(1)
LC_CTYPE determines which characters are classified as nonprinting for the -b and -q options, and the
interpretation of single- and/or multibyte characters within file names.
LC_TIME determines the date and time strings output by the -g, -l (ell), -n, and -o options.
LC_MESSAGES determines the language in which messages (other than the date and time strings) are
displayed.
If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, they all default to C (see environ(5)).
International Code Set Support
Single- and multibyte character code sets are supported.
RETURN VALUE
ls exits with one of the following values:
0 All input files were listed successfully.
>0 ls was aborted because errors occurred when accessing files. The following conditions cause an
error:
• Specified file not found.
• User has no permission to read the directory.
• Process could not get enough memory.
• Invalid option specified.
EXAMPLES
Print a long listing of all the files in the current working directory (including the file sizes). List the most
recently modified (youngest) file first, followed by the next older file, and so forth, to the oldest. Files
whose names begin with a . are also printed.
ls -alst
WARNINGS
Setting options based on whether the output is a login (tty) device is undesirable because
ls -s is very
different from
ls-s|lp. On the other hand, not using this setting makes old shell scripts that used
ls
almost inevitably fail.
Nonprinting characters in file names (without the -b or -q option) may cause columnar output to be
misaligned.
DEPENDENCIES
NFS
The
-l (ell) option does not display a plus sign (+) after the access permission bits of networked files to
represent existence of optional access control list entries.
AUTHOR
ls was developed by AT&T, the University of California, Berkeley and HP.
FILES
/etc/group For group IDs for -l (ell) and -g.
/etc/passwd For user IDs for -l (ell) and -o.
/usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/*
For terminal information.
SEE ALSO
chmod(1), find(1), getacl(1), lsacl(1), stat(2), acl(5), aclv(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
ls: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.2
HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000 − 4 − Section 1−−483
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