Command Reference Guide

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STANDARD Printed by: Nora Chuang [nchuang] STANDARD
/build/1111/BRICK/man1/!!!intro.1
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j
join(1) join(1)
NAME
join - relational database operator
SYNOPSIS
join [options ] file1 file2
DESCRIPTION
join forms, on the standard output, a join of the two relations specified by the lines of file1 and file2.If
file1 or file2 is -, the standard input is used.
file1 and file2 must be sorted in increasing collating sequence (see Environment Variables below) on the
fields on which they are to be joined; normally the first in each line.
The output contains one line for each pair of lines in file1 and file2 that have identical join fields. The out-
put line normally consists of the common field followed by the rest of the line from file1, then the rest of the
line from file2.
The default input field separators are space, tab, or new-line. In this case, multiple separators count as one
field separator, and leading separators are ignored. The default output field separator is a space.
Some of the below options use the argument n. This argument should be a
1 or a 2 referring to either
file1 or file2, respectively.
Options
-a n In addition to the normal output, produce a line for each unpairable line in file n, where n is
1
or 2.
-e s Replace empty output fields by string s.
-j m Join on field m of both files. The argument m must be delimited by space characters. This
option and the following two are provided for backward compatibility. Use of the
-1 and -2
options ( see below ) is recommended for portability.
-j1 m Join on field m of file1.
-j2 m Join on field m of file2.
-o list Each output line comprises the fields specified in list, each element of which has the form
n
.m, where n is a file number and m is a field number. The common field is not printed
unless specifically requested.
-t c Use character c as a separator (tab character). Every appearance of c in a line is significant.
The character c is used as the field separator for both input and output.
-v file_number
Instead of the default output, produce a line only for each unpairable line in file_number,
where file_number is
1 or 2.
-1 f Join on field f of file 1. Fields are numbered starting with 1.
-2 f Join on field f of file 2. Fields are numbered starting with 1.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
LC_COLLATE determines the collating sequence join expects from input files.
LC_CTYPE determines the alternative blank character as an input field separator, and the interpretation
of data within files as single and/or multi-byte characters. LC_CTYPE also determines whether the
separator defined through the
-t option is a single- or multi-byte character.
If LC_COLLATE or LC_CTYPE is not specified in the environment or is set to the empty string, the
value of LANG is used as a default for each unspecified or empty variable. If LANG is not specified or is
set to the empty string, a default of ‘‘C’’ (see lang(5)) is used instead of LANG. If any internationalization
variable contains an invalid setting, join behaves as if all internationalization variables are set to ‘‘C’’
(see environ(5)).
International Code Set Support
Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported with the exception that multi-byte-character file
names are not supported.
Section 1−−364 − 1 − HP-UX Release 11i: December 2000
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