ls.1 (2010 09)

ManualsBrandsHP ManualsSoftwareHP-UX Manpages

ls(1) ls(1)

NAME

ls, lc, l, ll, lsf, lsr, lsx - list contents of directories

SYNOPSIS

ls [-abcdefgilmnopqrstuxACFHLR1

][names]

lc [-abcdefgilmnopqrstuxACFHLR1

][names]

l [ls_options ][names]

ll [ls_options ][names]

lsf [ls_options ][names]

lsr [ls_options ][names]

lsx [ls_options ][names]

DESCRIPTION

For each directory argument, the

command lists the contents of the directory. For each ﬁle argument,

ls repeats its name and any other information requested. The output is sorted in ascending collation

order by default (see Environment Variables below). When no argument is given, the current directory is

listed. When several arguments are given, the arguments are ﬁrst sorted appropriately, but ﬁle argu-

ments appear before directories and their contents.

If you are a user with appropriate privileges, all ﬁles except

. and .. are listed by default.

There are three major listing formats. The format chosen depends on whether the output is going to a

tty device), and can also be controlled by

option ﬂags.

The default format for a login device is to list the contents of directories in multicolumn format, with

entries sorted vertically by column. (When individual ﬁle names (as opposed to directory names) appear

in the argument list, those ﬁle names are always sorted across the page rather than down the page in

columns because individual ﬁle names can be arbitrarily long.) If the standard output is not a login dev-

ice, the default format is to list one entry per line.

The

-C and -x options enable multicolumn formats, and the -m option enables stream output format in

which ﬁles are listed across the page, separated by commas. In order to determine output formats for the

-C, -x, and -m options, ls uses an environment variable, COLUMNS

, to determine the number of charac-

ter positions available on each output line. If this variable is not set, the

terminfo database is used to

determine the number of columns, based on the environment variable TERM. If this information cannot

be obtained, 80 columns is assumed.

The command

lc functions the same as ls except that the lc default output is columnar, even if output

is redirected.

Options

ls recognizes the following options:

-a List all entries; usually entries whose names begin with a period (.) are not listed.

-b List nonprinting characters in the octal \ddd notation.

-c Use time of last modiﬁcation of the inode (ﬁle created, mode changed, etc.) for sorting (-t)or

printing (-l (ell)).

-d If an argument is a directory, list only its name (not its contents); often used with -l (ell) to

get the status of a directory.

Under the UNIX 2003 environment (see standards (5)),

ls with -d does not follow symbolic

links unless the -H or -L option is speciﬁed.

-e List the extent attributes of the ﬁle. If any of the ﬁles has a extent attribute, this option lists

the extent size, space reserved and allocation ﬂags. This option must be used with the -l (ell)

option.

-f Interpret each argument as a directory and list the name found in each slot. This option dis-

ables -l (ell), -r, -s, and -t, and enables -a; the order is the order in which entries appear

in the directory.

-g Same as -l (ell), except that only the group is printed (owner is omitted). If both -l (ell) and

-g are speciﬁed, the owner is not printed.

HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company 1

Summary of content (6 pages)

PAGE 1
ls(1) ls(1) NAME ls, lc, l, ll, lsf, lsr, lsx - list contents of directories SYNOPSIS ls [-abcdefgilmnopqrstuxACFHLR1] [names ] lc [-abcdefgilmnopqrstuxACFHLR1] [names ] l [ls_options ] [names ] ll [ls_options ] [names ] lsf [ls_options ] [names ] lsr [ls_options ] [names ] lsx [ls_options ] [names ] DESCRIPTION For each directory argument, the ls command lists the contents of the directory. For each file argument, ls repeats its name and any other information requested.
PAGE 2
ls(1) ls(1) -i For each file, list the inode number in the first column of the report. When used in multicolumn output, the number precedes the file name in each column. -l (ell) List in long format, giving mode, number of links, owner, group, size in bytes, and time of last modification for each file (see further DESCRIPTION and Access Control Lists below).
PAGE 3
ls(1) ls(1) l ll lsf lsr lsx is equivalent is equivalent is equivalent is equivalent is equivalent to ls -m to ls -l (ell) to ls -F to ls -R to ls -x The shorthand notations are implemented as links to ls. Option arguments to the shorthand versions behave exactly as if the long form above had been used with the additional arguments. Mode Bits Interpretation (-l option) The mode printed in listings produced by the -l (ell) option consists of 10 characters, for example, -rwxr-xr-x.
PAGE 4
ls(1) ls(1) Access Control Lists (ACLs) If a file has optional ACL entries, the -l (ell) option displays a plus sign (+) after the file’s permissions. The permissions shown are a summary representation of the file’s access control list, as returned by stat() in the st_mode field (see stat (2)). To list the contents of an access control list, use the lsacl command (see lsacl (1) and acl (5)) for HFS file systems, or the getacl command (see getacl (1) and aclv (5)) for JFS file systems.
PAGE 5
ls(1) ls(1) FILES /etc/group /etc/passwd /usr/share/lib/terminfo/?/* For group IDs for -l (ell) and -g. For user IDs for -l (ell) and -o. For terminal information. SEE ALSO chmod(1), find(1), getacl(1), lsacl(1), stat(2), acl(5), aclv(5), standards(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE ls: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.
PAGE 6
(Notes) A (Notes) lA 6 Hewlett-Packard Company −1− HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010