ld_pa.1 (2010 09)

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ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only

ld_pa(1)

NAME

ld_pa: ld - link editor for PA-RISC systems

SYNOPSIS

Common Options

ld [-bdmnqrstvxzEGIOPQTVZ

][-a

search ][-c ﬁlename ][-dynamic][-e epsym]

[

-h symbol]... [-lx  ﬁle ]... [

-l: library ][-noshared][-o outﬁle][

-u symbol]...

[

-y symbol]... [-B bind][

-D offset][-Fl lib ][-L dir]... [-R offset][

-Pd][-PD ﬁle]

[

-PF ﬁle][+afs func_sym_x=func_sym_y]... [

+allowdups][+b path_list ][+compat]

[

+copyobjdebug

][+df ﬁle][+e symbol][

+ee symbol][+fb][+fbu]

[

+filter shared_library_path][

+fini function ][

+gst][+gstsize size ][+h

internal_name ]

[+help][+init function ][

+[no]inputmmap][+interp

ﬁle][+k][+n][+[no]mergeseg

]

[

+[no]mmap][+nocopyobjdebug

][+noobjdebug][

+objdebugonly]

[

+origin shared_library_path][

+pd

size][+pgm name][+pi size]

[

+profilebucketsize

size][+s][

+std][+tools][+v[no]shlibunsats

]

[

+vallcompatwarnings

][+v[no]compatwarnings

][+FP ﬂag][+I symbol]

[

+O[no]fastaccess

][+O[no]procelim

][+Oreusedir=dir]

[

+Oselectivepercent

n][+Oselectivesize

size][+OselectiveO3

]

[

+Ostaticprediction

]

PA-RISC 32-Bit (SOM) Options

ld [-NS][-A name][-C n][-Fw][

-Fz][+cdp oldpath:newpath][+cg pathname ][+dpv]

[

+ea ﬁlename ][+gstbuckets size ][+nosmartbind][+plabel_cache

ﬂag]

PA-RISC 64-Bit (ELF) Options

ld [-emit_relocs][-w][-k ﬁlename][-nbucket bucketsizetype][

-symbolic symbol ]...

[

+alloc_hidden_symbols

][+allowrorelocs][+[no]allowunsats

]

[

+[no]concatrpath

][+[no]defaultrpath][+[no]forceload

][+hideallsymbols]

[

+ild][+ildnowarn][+ildpad percentage ][+ildrelink][+interposer]

[+[no]lazyload][

+linkersyms][+nobss][+nodefaultmap][+noenvvar]

[

+nodynhash][+noprocelim_sym

symbol]... [+nosectionmerge][+nosymb symbol]...

[

+paddata pagesize ][+padtext pagesize ][+pdzero][+protect][+stripunwind]

[

+vtype type ]

Remarks

This manpage describes

ld on PA-RISC systems. For

ld on Integrity systems, see ld_ia (1).

DESCRIPTION

ld takes one or more object ﬁles or libraries as input and combines them to produce a single (usually exe-

cutable) ﬁle. In doing so it resolves references to external symbols, assigns ﬁnal addresses to procedures

and variables, revises code and data to reﬂect new addresses (a process called "relocation"), and updates

symbolic debug information when present in the ﬁle.

By default,

ld produces an executable ﬁle that can be run by the HP-UX loader exec() (see exec (2)).

Alternatively, the linker can generate a relocatable ﬁle that is suitable for further processing by ld (see

-r below). It can also generate a shared library (see -b below). The linker marks the output ﬁle non-

executable if there are any duplicate symbols or any unresolved external references remain.

ld may or may not generate an output ﬁle (see +k option) if any other errors occur during its operation.

ld recognizes three kinds of input ﬁles:

• Object ﬁles created by the compilers, assembler, or linker (also known as .o ﬁles),

• Shared libraries created by the linker, and

• Archives of object ﬁles (called archive libraries).

An archive library contains a table of all the externally-visible symbols from its component object ﬁles.

(The archiver command ar (1) creates and maintains this index.)

ld uses this table to resolve references

to external symbols.

ld processes ﬁles in the same order as they appear on the command line. It includes code and data from

an archive library element if and only if that object module provides a deﬁnition for a currently

unresolved reference within the user’s program or shared library or dependent shared library.

HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company 1

Summary of content (24 pages)

PAGE 1
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only NAME ld_pa: ld - link editor for PA-RISC systems SYNOPSIS Common Options ld [-bdmnqrstvxzEGIOPQTVZ] [-a search ] [-c filename ] [-dynamic] [-e epsym ] [-h symbol ]... [-lx  file ]... [-l: library ] [-noshared] [-o outfile ] [-u symbol ]... [-y symbol ]... [-B bind ] [-D offset ] [-Fl lib ] [-L dir ]... [-R offset ] [-Pd] [-PD file ] [-PF file ] [+afs func_sym_x=func_sym_y]...
PAGE 2
ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only ld_pa(1) It is common practice to list libraries following the names of all simple object files on the command line. Code and data from shared libraries is never copied into an executable program. The dynamic loader /usr/lib/dld.sl on 32-bit links is invoked at startup time by the startup file crt0.o if a program uses shared libraries. Identical copies of crt0.o can be found in either /usr/ccs/lib/crt0.o or /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o.
PAGE 3
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only -dynamic This allows the linker to create a program which can use shared libraries. This is the default for 64-bit links unless +compat is used. In 32-bit mode, the linker creates a static executable if there are no shared libraries on the link line. -e epsym Set the default entry point address for the output file to be that of the symbol epsym . (This option only applies to executable files.
PAGE 4
ld_pa(1) -x ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only Strip local symbols from the output file. This reduces the size of the output file without impairing the effectiveness of object file utilities. This option is incompatible with the -r option. This option is incompatible with the +ild option. The incremental linking requires the parts of the output load module which are stripped out with the -x option. NOTE: Use of -x might affect the use of a debugger or profiler.
PAGE 5
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only symbolic Used only when building a shared library (with the -b option), this option causes all unresolved symbols inside a library to be resolved internally if possible. By default, unresolved symbols are resolved to the most visible definition in the library or outside the library. NOTE: Do not use this option while building aC++ shared libraries on Integrity systems. Use the aC++ option -B protected_def. verbose Display verbose messages when binding symbols.
PAGE 6
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only When used with the +ild option, if you change the offset after the initial incremental link, the linker performs an initial incremental link automatically. -T In 32-bit mode, save the load data and relocation information in temporary files instead of in memory during linking. This option reduces the virtual memory requirements of the linker.
PAGE 7
ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only ld_pa(1) For 64-bit links, the LAST of multiple +b options is recorded in the output file by default. Use +[no]concatrpath to change this default behavior. A double colon (::) does not have special meaning (i.e., treated as NULL entry). +compat This option is ignored for 32-bit links. This option turns on compatibility mode in the linker — 64-bit links mimic behavior of 32-bit links). +copyobjdebug Copy objdebug space.
PAGE 8
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only +gstsize size Request a particular hash array size using the global symbol table hash mechanism. The default value is 1103. The value can be overridden at runtime by setting the _HP_DLDOPTS environment variable to the value -symtab_size prime number. You can set the value using chatr +gstsize size file . +h internal_name When building a shared library, record internal_name as the name of the library.
PAGE 9
ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only ld_pa(1) references), the output file will be removed. +mergeseg Enables shared library segment merging feature. See description of shared library segment merging in the HP-UX Linker and Libraries User’s Guide . This enables all the data segments of the shared libraries loaded at program startup to be merged. This increases run-time performance by allowing the kernel to use larger size page table entries. +mmap Enables the feature to use mmap for writing the output data.
PAGE 10
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only call to pxdb. +origin shared_library_name -lx (Use only before the -l option or the name of a shared library.) Cause the linker to add $ORIGIN before the shared library name in the shared library list. At runtime, the dynamic loader determine the current directory of the parent module (shared library or executable) and replaces $ORIGIN for that directory name. Example: $ ld -dynamic main.o +origin libx.
PAGE 11
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only +vallcompatwarnings This option is accepted but ignored by the 64-bit ld. Show more detail for any warnings about compatibility issues. By default, only a terse message is printed. See the WARNINGS section below for further details. +v[no]compatwarnings This option is accepted but ignored by the 64-bit ld. Enable [disable] printing warnings about compatibility issues between systems. This includes any functionality which may change in future releases.
PAGE 12
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only Using the +Ofastaccess option in the presence of debug information generates a warning message and can cause corruption of the debug information. Avoid using +Ofastaccess with the -g option. This option is accepted but ignored by the 64-bit ld. +O[no]procelim Enable [disable] the elimination of procedures and data that are not referenced by the application. The default is +Onoprocelim.
PAGE 13
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only -Fz Disable the linker feature that translates some calls to $$dyncall_external to calls to $$dyncall. -N Generate an executable output file with file type EXEC_MAGIC. This option is incompatible with -n and -q. This option causes the data to be placed immediately following the text, and makes the text writable. Files of this type cannot be shared.
PAGE 14
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only -nbucket bucketsizetype Specify the bucketsizetype to optimize the hash table size (number of hash buckets). The valid values for bucketsizetype are: n/2 Sets the number of hash buckets to half the number of dynamic symbols in the library. pow2 Sets the number of hash buckets to the highest power of 2 that is less than the number of dynamic symbols in the library.
PAGE 15
ld_pa(1) +ild PA-RISC Systems Only ld_pa(1) Specify incremental linking. If the output file does not exist, or if it was created without the +ild option, the linker performs an initial incremental link. The output file produced is suitable for subsequent incremental links. The incremental link option is valid for both executable and shared library links.
PAGE 16
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only Lazy loading can be disabled at runtime by setting the LD_NOLAZYLOAD environment variable. +linkersyms (Kernel virtual environment support only.) Create linker-generated symbols even if building a shared library. The kernel with virtual environment support is built with the -b option which by default does not create linker-generated symbols in shared libraries. See Kernel Virtual Environment Support for more information.
PAGE 17
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only +stripunwind Do not output the unwind table. This creates smaller executable sizes. Use this option if you do not need the unwind table for debugging or C++ exception handling. +tools Request that the application be linked for profiling with CXperf. +vtype type Produces verbose output about the link operation. type can have the following values: files Dump info about each object file loaded. heap Dump info about the size of the heap used by a link.
PAGE 18
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only On the initial incremental link, the linker processes the input object files and libraries in the same way as the normal link. In addition to the normal linking process, the incremental linker saves information about object files, global symbols, and relocations, and pads sections in the output file for expansion. On subsequent incremental links, the linker uses timestamps and file sizes to determine which object files have changed, and updates those modules.
PAGE 19
ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only ld_pa(1) Kernel Virtual Environment Support For virtual environment support for the kernel, build your kernel with the following linker options (instead of the -noshared option): $ ld ... -B symbolic -b +hideallsymbols +allowrorelocs +linkersyms ... By using these options, you create the kernel as a self-contained shared library with no exported symbols (with the -B symbolic, -b, and +hideallsymbols options).
PAGE 20
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only This environment variable is valid for 32-bit executables only. For instrumented shared libraries, profile data is always written by the same process. FDP_FORK Serves the same purpose as ENABLE_PBO_FORK but for 64-bit executables. FLOW_DATA An instrumented executable (see the -I option) writes out the profile data to a database file named flow.data in the current directory.
PAGE 21
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only To do this on 64-bit: ld ftn.o -lcl -lisamstub \ -lc /opt/langtools/lib/pa20_64/end.o On 64-bit, link a shared bound program in standard mode. Note that crt0.o is not specified because for shared links, it is no longer necessary. ld himom.o +std -lc On 64-bit, link a compatibility mode program. crt0.o is included because this is an archive link. ld /opt/langtools/lib/pa20_64/crt0.o himom.o +compat -a archive -lc Create a shared library: ld -b -o libfunc.
PAGE 22
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only for programs: • When the link editor is called through cc(1), a start-up routine is linked with the user’s program. This routine calls exit (2) after execution of the main program. If users call ld directly, they must ensure that the program always calls exit() rather than falling through the end of the entry routine. • When linking for use with the symbolic debugger dde, the user must ensure that the program contains a routine called main.
PAGE 23
ld_pa(1) ld_pa(1) PA-RISC Systems Only /usr/lib/milli.a 32-bit millicode library automatically searched by ld /usr/lib/pa20_64/milli.a 64-bit millicode library automatically searched by ld /opt/langtools/lib/gcrt0.o run-time start-up with profiling (see gprof (1)) /opt/langtools/lib/icrt0.o 32-bit run-time start-up with profiling (see discussion of profile based optimization above.) /usr/lib/nls/$LANG/ld.cat message catalog /var/tmp/ld* temporary files flow.
PAGE 24
(Notes) A (Notes) lA 24 Hewlett-Packard Company −1− HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010