ld_ia.1 (2011 09)

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ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only

ld_ia(1)

NAME

ld_ia: ld - link editor for Integrity systems

SYNOPSIS

The link editor

ld [-bdmnqrstvwxzEGINOPQSTVZ

][-a search][-c ﬁlename][-dynamic][

-e epsym]

[

-emit_relocs][-h

symbol]... [-k ﬁlename ][-lx  ﬁle ]... [-l:

library ][-m]

[

-nbucket][bucketsizetype][

-noshared][

-noshared_dynamic

][-o outﬁle ]

[

-symbolic symbol]... [-u

symbol]... [-y symbol]... [-A name][-B bind]... [

-C n]

[

-D offset][

-Fl][-Fw][-Fz][-G][-L

dir]... [-N][-O][-Pd][-PD

ﬁle][-PF ﬁle][-Q]

[

-R offset][

-S][-T][+alloc_hidden_commons

][+allowdups][

+[no]allowunsats]

[

+as mode][+b path_list ][

+cdp oldpath:newpath][

+cg path][+compat]

[

+[no]concatrpath

][+copyobjdebug

][+[no]defaultrpath

][+df ﬁle]

[

+dbgfile ﬁlename ][+dumpextern ﬁlename ][

+dpv][+e symbol ]... [+ee symbol]...

[

+fb][+fbu]

[+filter shared_library_path][

+fini function ]... [

+[no]forceload]

[

+gstbuckets size][+gst][

+gstsize size][+h internal_name][

+help]

[

+hideallsymbols

][+ild][+ildnowarn][+ildpad

percentage ][+ildrelink]

[

+init function ]... [+instrumenter

ﬁlename ][+interp ﬁlename ][

+interposer][+k]

[

+[no]lazyload

][+mergeseg][+n][+nobss][

+nocopyobjdebug][

+nodynhash]

[

+nodefaultmap][+noenvvar

][+[no]mmap][+noobjdebug]

[

+noprocelim_sym

symbol]... [+nosectionmerge][+nosmartbind][+nosrcpos]

[

+nosymb symbol]... [+objdebugonly

][+origin shared_library_name]

[

+paddata pagesize][+padtext pagesize][+pd size][+pdzero][+pgm

name]

[

+pi size][+plabel_cache

ﬂag][+profilebucketsize 16|32][+protect][+rpath-

first]

[+s][+std][+stripunwind][+tools][+v[no]shlibunsats

]

[

+vallcompatwarnings

][+v[no]compatwarnings][+vtype type]

[

+FP ﬂag][+I symbol ]... [+O[no]dynopt][+O[no]fastaccess

][+O[no]procelim]

[

+Oreusedir=dir][+Oselectivepercent

n][+Oselectivesize size][+Oselec-

tiveO3]

[+Ostaticprediction

]

Remarks

This manpage describes

ld on Integrity systems. For ld on PA-RISC systems, see ld_pa (1).

DESCRIPTION

ld takes one or more object ﬁles or libraries as input and combines them to produce a single (usually exe-

cutable) ﬁle. In doing so it resolves references to external symbols, assigns ﬁnal addresses to procedures

and variables, revises code and data to reﬂect new addresses (a process called "relocation") and updates

symbolic debug information when present in the ﬁle.

By default,

ld produces an executable ﬁle that can be run by the HP-UX loader exec()

(see exec(2)).

Alternatively, the linker can generate a relocatable ﬁle that is suitable for further processing by

ld (see

-r below). It can also generate a shared library (see -b below). The linker marks the output ﬁle non-

executable if there are any duplicate symbols or any unresolved external references remain.

ld may or may not generate an output ﬁle (see +k option) if any other errors occur during its operation.

ld recognizes three kinds of input ﬁles:

• object ﬁles created by the compilers, assembler, or linker (also known as .o ﬁles),

• shared libraries created by the linker, and

• archives of object ﬁles (called archive libraries).

An archive library contains a table of all the externally-visible symbols from its component object ﬁles.

(The archiver command ar (1) creates and maintains this index.)

ld uses this table to resolve references

to external symbols.

ld processes ﬁles in the same order as they appear on the command line. It includes code and data from

an archive library element if and only if that object module provides a deﬁnition for a currently

unresolved reference within the user’s program (see +[no]forceload). It is common practice to list

libraries following the names of all simple object ﬁles on the command line.

Code and data from shared libraries is never copied into an executable program.

HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2011 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company 1

Summary of content (22 pages)

PAGE 1
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only NAME ld_ia: ld - link editor for Integrity systems SYNOPSIS The link editor ld [-bdmnqrstvwxzEGINOPQSTVZ] [-a search ] [-c filename ] [-dynamic] [-e epsym ] [-emit_relocs] [-h symbol ]... [-k filename ] [-lx  file ]... [-l: library ] [-m] [-nbucket] [bucketsizetype] [-noshared] [-noshared_dynamic] [-o outfile ] [-symbolic symbol ]... [-u symbol ]... [-y symbol ]... [-A name] [-B bind ]... [-C n] [-D offset ] [-Fl] [-Fw] [-Fz] [-G] [-L dir ]...
PAGE 2
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only For 32-bit mode: For 64-bit mode: crt0.o is found at /usr/ccs/lib/hpux32/crt0.o. crt0.o is found at /usr/ccs/lib/hpux64/crt0.o. You should include crt0.o in a -noshared link. For 32-bit mode: the dynamic loader is found at /usr/lib/hpux32/dld.so. For 64-bit mode: the dynamic loader is found at /usr/lib/hpux64/dld.so. The dynamic loader attaches each required library to the process and resolves all symbolic references between the program and its libraries.
PAGE 3
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only -e epsym Set the default entry point address for the output file to be that of the symbol epsym . (This option only applies to executable files.) -emit_relocs Preserve compiler generated relocation sections in output file -h symbol Prior to writing the symbol table to the output file, mark this name as "local" so that it is no longer externally visible.
PAGE 4
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only libraries are linked in, the linker creates a fully archive bound program. This option is the default in compatibility mode (with the +compat) options. See also the -dynamic and -noshared options. -o outfile Produce an output object file named outfile (a.out if -o outfile is not specified). -q This option is ignored. -r Retain relocation information in the output file for subsequent re-linking. The ld command does not report undefined symbols.
PAGE 5
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only Direct binding can be disable during runtime by setting the LD_NODIRECTBIND environment variable. deferred Bind addresses on first reference rather than at program start-up time. This is the default. group Mark the shared library so that it behaves as if loaded with RTLD_GROUP flag to dlopen(). This does not affect the dependent shared libraries. immediate Bind addresses of all symbols immediately upon loading the library.
PAGE 6
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only -C n This option is ignored and generates a warning message. -D offset Set (in hexadecimal) the starting address of the data segment. This option is useful with kernel and embedded applications. The default address for 64-bit mode is 0x6000000000000000 and the default address for 32-bit mode is 0x40008000. -E Mark all symbols defined by a program for export to shared libraries.
PAGE 7
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only This option is incompatible with +ild. -PD filename Save link order file generated by fdp during linking with -P option into userspecified file. This option is incompatible with the +ild option. -PF filename Indicate to the linker to use the specified file for the link order file instead of generating it using /usr/ccs/bin/fdp. This option is incompatible with the +ild option. -Q This option is ignored.
PAGE 8
ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only ld_ia(1) used in conjunction with the +noobjdebug option, forces the linker to omit +objdebug information from all object files, including objects generated with the -r option. +copyobjdebug is the default. +[no]defaultrpath +defaultrpath is the default. Include any paths that are specified with -L in the embedded path, unless you specify the +b option. If you use +b, only the path list specified by +b is in the embedded path.
PAGE 9
ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only ld_ia(1) +fb Instruct the linker to run the fastbind tool on the executable it has produced. The executable should be linked with shared libraries. For more details about fastbind (1), use the +help option, or see the HP-UX Linker and Libraries User’s Guide manual. This option is incompatible with the +ild option. +fbu Pass the -u option to the fastbind tool.
PAGE 10
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only subsequent incremental links. The incremental link option is valid for both executable and shared library links. The following options are incompatible with the +ild option. If you specify one of the following incompatible ld option with +ild, the linker emits a warning message and ignores the +ild option. • The -r option: create a relocatable object file. • Strip options: -s, -x, and -G strip the output file.
PAGE 11
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only direct bind information (see -B direct), the dynamic loader will search interposer libraries first. If the symbol cannot be resolved to any interposing libraries, the direct binding information will be used. +k Direct the linker to only create an executable if there were no errors encountered during the link. If there were errors found (system errors or unresolved references), the output file will be removed.
PAGE 12
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only +compat or +std options. You can display the status of this option in an executable or shared library from the "shared library dynamic path search" output of the chatr command. See chatr (1) for more information. Generally, this option is used for secure programs. +nommap Disables the mmap feature and uses the normal buffering method to write into the output file.
PAGE 13
ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only ld_ia(1) $ ld -dynamic main.o +origin libx.so -L /usr/lib/hpux32/ -lc While the +origin option is available, the recommended way to specify $ORIGIN is in the embedded path with the +b option, for example, $ ld -dynamic main.o -L /usr/lib/hpux32/ -lc +b \$ORIGIN For more details on $ORIGIN, use the +help option or see the HP-UX Linker and Libraries User’s Guide manual. +paddata pagesize Pads the data segment to a multiple of pagesize with zeros.
PAGE 14
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only +rpathfirst This option will cause the paths specified in RPATH (embedded path) to be used before the paths specified in LD_LIBRARY_PATH or SHLIB_PATH, in searching for shared libraries. This changes the default search order of LD_LIBRARY_PATH, SHLIB_PATH, and RPATH (embedded path). +std This option is the default. Turn on standard mode of the linker. This option is the complement of the +compat option. Options set on with this option are: -dynamic.
PAGE 15
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only RU Enable rounding upward (toward +Infinity). RD Enable rounding downward (toward -Infinity). RZ Enable rounding toward zero (truncate, chop). RN Enable rounding to nearest (the default). More than one mode can be specified with a comma separated list. For example: +FP D,O,V,RZ specifies sudden underflow, trapping on overflow and invalid, and rounding toward zero. The commas and the space between +FP and the modes may be omitted.
PAGE 16
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only deferred. The default value of the -Z/-z option is -Z. The +objdebug Compiler Option The +objdebug compiler option, when used with any of the -g options, causes the debug information to be left in the object files instead of being placed in output file. This results in shorter link times and smaller output files. To debug the load modules compiled with +objdebug option, the HP WDB debugger must have access to the object files.
PAGE 17
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only • Changed linker command line, where the linker command line does not match the command line stored in the output file. (With the exceptions of the verbose and tracing options) • Any of the padding spaces have been exhausted. • Modules have been modified by the ld -s or ld -x options or tools (for example, strip (1)). • Incompatible incremental linker version, when you run a new version of the incremental linker on an executable created by an older version.
PAGE 18
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only Normal programs that depend on libraries that only exist in a directory specified in SHLIB_PATH or LD_LIBRARY_PATH must not be linked with +noenvvar, and if +compat is used, +s must also be used to enable searching SHLIB_PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Programs that depend on SHLIB_PATH or LD_LIBRARY_PATH cannot be protected as setuid or setgid programs.
PAGE 19
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only Link a simple Fortran program to use with a symbolic debugger (see wdb(1)). Because the -o option is not specified on the command line, the output file name is a.out. ld ftn.o -lcl -lisamstub \ -lc /opt/langtools/lib/pa20_64/end.o Create a shared library: ld -b -o libfunc.so func1.o func2.o func3.o Create a shared library with an internal name, and this shared library allows dynamic library searching: ld -b -o libfoo1.so.1 foo1.o foo2.o +h libfoo1.so.
PAGE 20
ld_ia(1) ld_ia(1) Integrity Systems Only • +Oselectivesize size The following options are supported for compatibility. They are accepted and ignored: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -n -q -Fz -N (Ignored only in 64-bit mode) -Q -V +cdp oldpath:newpath +gstbuckets size +nosmartbind +pdzero +plabel_cache flag +tools +vallcompatwarnings +v[no]compatwarnings +O[no]fastaccess +Ostaticprediction AUTHOR ld was developed by AT&T, the University of California, Berkeley, and HP.
PAGE 21
ld_ia(1) cc(1) chatr (1) elfdump (1) exec (2) f90 (1) fastbind (1) lorder (1) nm(1) size (1) strip (1) Miscellaneous a.out (4) ar (4) setfilexsec (1M) crt0 (3) compartments (5) privileges (5) dld.so (5) end(3C) uld.
PAGE 22
(Notes) A (Notes) lA 22 Hewlett-Packard Company −1− HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2011