ksh.1 (2010 09)

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ksh(1) ksh(1)

-i Parameter is an integer. This makes arithmetic faster. If n is nonzero, it deﬁnes

the output arithmetic base; otherwise the ﬁrst assignment determines the output

base.

-l Convert all uppercase characters to lowercase. The uppercase

-u option is turned

off.

-r Any given name is marked "read only" and cannot be changed by subsequent assign-

ment.

-t Tag the named parameters. Tags are user deﬁnable and have no special meaning to

the shell.

-u Convert all lowercase characters to uppercase characters. The lowercase

-l option

is turned off.

-x Mark any given name for automatic export to the environment of subsequently exe-

cuted commands.

Using

+ instead of - causes these options to be turned off. If no name arguments

are given but options are speciﬁed, a list of names (and optionally the values) of the

parameters that have these options set is printed. Using

+ instead of - retains the

values to be printed. If neither names nor options are given, the names and attri-

butes of all parameters are printed.

ulimit [-HSacdfst][limit]

Set or display a resource limit. The limit for a speciﬁed resource is set when limit is

speciﬁed. The value of limit can be a number in the unit speciﬁed with each resource, or

the keyword

unlimited.

The

-H and -S ﬂags specify whether the hard limit (-H

) is set or the soft limit (-S) is set

for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it is set. A soft limit can be

increased up to the hard limit. If neither

-H nor -S is speciﬁed, the limit applies to both.

The current resource limit is printed when limit is omitted. In this case, the soft limit is

printed unless

-H is speciﬁed. When more than one resource is speciﬁed, the limit name

and unit are printed before the value.

If no option is given,

-f is assumed. The options for ulimit are as follows:

-a List all of the current resource limits.

-c List or set the number of 512-byte blocks in the size of core dumps.

-d List or set the number of kilobytes in the size of the data area.

-f List or set the number of 512-byte blocks in ﬁles written by child processes (ﬁles of

any size can be read).

-s List or set the number of kilobytes in the size of the stack area.

-t List or set the number of seconds to be used by each process.

umask [ mask ]

The user ﬁle-creation mask is set to mask (see umask (2)). mask can either be an octal

number or a symbolic value as described in chmod(1). If a symbolic value is given, the

new umask value is the complement of the result of applying mask to the complement of

the previous umask value. If mask is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.