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cc_bundled (1) and cc(1)), FORTRAN (see f77(1)), and aC++ (see aCC(1)). After the program text has

been entered with the editor and written into a ﬁle (whose name has the appropriate sufﬁx), you can give

the name of that ﬁle to the appropriate language processor as an argument. Normally, the output of the

language processor will be left in a ﬁle named

a.out in the current directory. Since the results of a sub-

sequent compilation may also be placed in

a.out

, thus overwriting the current output, you may want to

use

mv to give the output a unique name. If the program is written in assembly language, you will prob-

ably need to link library subroutines with it (see ld(1)). FORTRAN, C, and aC++ call the linker automat-

ically.

When you have gone through this entire process without encountering any diagnostics, the resulting pro-

gram can be run by giving its name to the shell in response to the prompt.

Your programs can receive arguments from the command line just as system programs do by using the

argc and argv parameters. For more information, see your language’s Programmer’s Guide .

Text Processing

Almost all text is entered through a text editor. The editor preferred above all others provided with HP-

UX is the

vi editor. For batch-processing text ﬁles, the

sed editor is very efﬁcient. The ex editor is use-

ful for handling certain situations while using

vi but most other editors are rarely used except in various

scripts.

The following editors are the same program masquerading under various names:

vi, view, and

vedit

(see vi (1)) and ex and edit (see ex(1)). For information about the

sed stream editor, see sed(1). The

ed line editor is described in ed(1).

The commands most often used to display text on a terminal are

cat, more, and

pr. See cat (1),

more(1), and pr(1). The

cat command simply copies ASCII text to the terminal, with no processing at

all. The more command displays text on the terminal a screenful at a time, pausing for an acknowledge-

ment from the user before continuing. The pr command paginates text, supplies headings, and has a

facility for multicolumn output. pr is most commonly used in conjunction with the lp command (see

lp(1)) to pipe formatted text to a line printer.

Interuser Communication

Certain commands provide interuser communication. Even if you do not plan to use them, it could be

beneﬁcial to learn about them, because someone else may direct them toward you. To communicate with

another user that is currently logged in, you can use

write to transfer text directly to that user’s termi-

nal display (if permission to do so has been granted by the other user). Otherwise, elm

, mailx,ormail

(in order of ease of use) can send a message to another user’s mailbox. The user is then informed by HP-

UX that mail has arrived (if currently logged in) or mail is present (when the user next logs in). Refer to

elm(1), mail(1), mailx (1), and write (1) for explanations of how these commands are used.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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