find.1 (2010 09)

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ﬁnd(1) ﬁnd(1)

NAME

ﬁnd - ﬁnd ﬁles

SYNOPSIS

find [-H-L] pathname_list [expression ]

DESCRIPTION

The

find command recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each path name in pathname_list

(that is, one or more path names) seeking ﬁles that match a Boolean expression written in the primaries

given below. By default,

find does not follow symbolic links; see Options .

The Boolean expression is evaluated using short-circuit evaluation. This means that whenever the result

of a Boolean operation (AND or OR) is known from evaluating the left-hand argument, the right-hand

argument is not evaluated.

In the descriptions of the primaries, the argument n represents a decimal integer;

+n means more than n,

-n means less than n, and n means exactly n.

Options

The

find command recognizes the following options:

-H For each symbolic link speciﬁed in pathname_list on the command line, the

find command

evaluates the ﬁle information and ﬁle type of the ﬁle referenced by the symbolic link, and not the

link itself. If the ﬁle referenced by symbolic link does not exist, the

find command evaluates

the ﬁle information and ﬁle type for the link itself. For all symbolic links not on command line,

the find command evaluates the ﬁle information and ﬁle type for the link itself.

-L For each symbolic link speciﬁed on the command line in pathname_list or encountered in the ﬁle

hierarchy, the

find command evaluates the ﬁle information and ﬁle type of the ﬁle referenced

by symbolic link, and not the link itself.

Primaries

The

find command recognizes the following primaries which are used in the Boolean expression :

-atime n

True if the ﬁle access time subtracted from the initialized time is n-1 to n multiples of 24 h. The

initialization time shall be a time between the invocation of the

find utility and the ﬁrst access

by that invocation of the

find utility to any ﬁle speciﬁed by its path

operands. The access time

of directories in pathname_list is changed by

find itself.

-cpio device

Write the current ﬁle on device in cpio (4) format (5120-byte records). The use of

-cpio implies

-depth. Always true.

-ctime n

True if the time of last change of ﬁle status information subtracted from the initialization time is

n-1 to n multiples of 24 h. The initialization time shall be a time between the invocation of the

find utility and the ﬁrst access by that invocation of the find utility to any ﬁle speciﬁed by its

path operands.

-depth

A position-independent term which causes descent of the directory hierarchy to be done so that

all entries in a directory are acted on before the directory itself. This can be useful when find

is used with cpio (see cpio(1)) to transfer ﬁles that are contained in directories without write

permission. It is also useful when using cpio and the modiﬁcation dates of directories must be

preserved. Always true.

-exec cmd

True if the executed cmd returns a zero value as exit status. The end of cmd must be punctuated

by a semicolon (;) or a plus sign (+). The semicolon and plus are special to the shell and must be

escaped with a backslash (\). When + is used, cmd aggregates a set of path names and executes

on the set. Any command arguments between the ﬁrst occurrence of curly braces {} and plus

sign + are ignored. In the UNIX 2003 environment, + indicates end of cmd, only if + immedi-

ately follows {}. The reason for preferring + to a ; is improved performance. With the ;, the

command in -exec cmd executes for each match that the command ﬁnds. However, with {} +,

the command executes only once.

HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010 − 1 − Hewlett-Packard Company 1

Summary of content (8 pages)

PAGE 1
find(1) find(1) NAME find - find files SYNOPSIS find [-H-L] pathname_list [expression ] DESCRIPTION The find command recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each path name in pathname_list (that is, one or more path names) seeking files that match a Boolean expression written in the primaries given below. By default, find does not follow symbolic links; see Options . The Boolean expression is evaluated using short-circuit evaluation.
PAGE 2
find(1) find(1) Any command argument {} is replaced by the current path name. cmd may contain supplementary code set characters. This example shows the difference between using ; and +. Two directories each have a file called, hello.
PAGE 3
find(1) find(1) -local True if the file physically resides on the local system. This does not restrict the search to only files which physically reside on the local system, it merely matches such files. See EXAMPLES. -mountstop Identical to -xdev. This primary is provided for backward compatibility only. -xdev is preferred over -mountstop. -mtime n True if the file modification time subtracted from the initialization time is n-1 to n multiples of 24 h.
PAGE 4
find(1) find(1) -print Causes the current path name to be printed followed by a newline character. Always true. -print0 Causes the current path name to be printed followed by a null character. Always true. -perm [-]mode In this primary, the argument mode is used to represent file mode bits. The argument is identical in format to the mode operand as described in chmod(1), with the exception that the first character must not be the - operator.
PAGE 5
find(1) find(1) HFS Access Control Lists The -acl primary enables the user to search for HFS access control list entries. It is true if the file’s access control list matches an access control list pattern or contains optional access control list entries (see acl (5)). It has three forms: -acl aclpatt Match all files whose access control list includes all (zero or more) pattern entries specified by the aclpatt pattern.
PAGE 6
find(1) find(1) If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, all internationalization variables default to C (see environ (5)). LC_CTYPE determines the interpretation of text as single and/or multibyte characters, the classification of characters as printable, and the characters matched by character class expressions in regular expressions.
PAGE 7
find(1) find(1) find . -name ’*.o’ -exec ls -l {} \+ find . -name ’*.o’ -exec ls -l \+ Note that the curly braces, before plus sign, are optional. • Print the names of all files on this machine.
PAGE 8
find(1) find(1) restored under the user/group ID of the current process. AUTHOR find was developed by AT&T and HP. FILES /etc/group /etc/mnttab /etc/passwd Group names Mount points User names SEE ALSO chacl(1), chmod(1), cpio(1), setacl(1), sh(1), test(1), xargs(1), mknod(2), stat(2), cpio(4), group(4), passwd(4), acl(5), aclv(5), environ(5), lang(5), regexp(5). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE find: SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, POSIX.