csh.1 (2010 09)

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csh(1) csh(1)

switch (string )

case str1 :

...

breaksw

...

default:

...

breaksw

endsw Each case label (str1 ) is successively matched against the speciﬁed string which is ﬁrst

command and ﬁle name expanded. The form of the

case labels is the Pattern Matching

Notation with the exception that non-matching lists in bracket expressions are not sup-

ported (see regexp (5)). If none of the labels match before a

default label is found, the

execution begins after the

default label. Each case

label and the default label

must appear at the beginning of a line. The

breaksw command causes execution to con-

tinue after the endsw. Otherwise, control may fall through

case labels and default

labels as in C. If no label matches and there is no default, execution continues after the

endsw.

time [ command ]

When command is not speciﬁed, a summary of time used by this shell and its children is

printed. If speciﬁed, the simple command is timed and a time summary as described under

the time variable is printed. If necessary, an extra shell is created to print the time

statistic when the command completes.

umask [ value ]

The current ﬁle creation mask is displayed (value not speciﬁed) or set to the speciﬁed

value . The mask is given in octal. Common values for the mask are 002, which gives all

permissions to the owner and group and read and execute permissions to all others, or 022

which gives all permissions to the owner, and only read and execute permission to the

group and all others. See also umask (1).

unalias pattern

All aliases whose names match the speciﬁed pattern are discarded. Thus, all aliases are

removed by unalias *. No error occurs if pattern does not match an existing alias.

unhash

Use of the internal hash table to speed location of executed programs is disabled.

unset pattern

All variables whose names match the speciﬁed pattern are removed. Thus, all variables are

removed by unset *; this has noticeably undesirable side-effects. No error occurs if pat-

tern matches nothing.

unsetenv pattern

Removes all variables whose names match the speciﬁed pattern from the environment. See

also the setenv command above and printenv (1).

wait Waits for all background jobs to terminate. If the shell is interactive, an interrupt can dis-

rupt the wait, at which time the shell prints names and job numbers of all jobs known to be

outstanding.

while (expression )

...

end While the speciﬁed expression evaluates non-zero, the commands between the while and

the matching end are evaluated. break and continue can be used to terminate or

continue the loop prematurely. (The while and end must appear alone on their input

lines.) If the input is a terminal (i.e., not a script), prompting occurs the ﬁrst time through

the loop as for the foreach statement.

%job Brings the speciﬁed job into the foreground.

%job & Continues the speciﬁed job in the background.

@ name=expression

@ name[index]=expression

The ﬁrst form prints the values of all the shell variables. The second form sets the speciﬁed

name to the value of expression . If the expression contains <, >, &,or|, at least this part

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