Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) HP-UX Handbook Revision 13.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 TERMS OF USE AND LEGAL RESTRICTIONS FOR THE HP-UX RECOVERY HANDBOOK ATTENTION: PLEASE READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE HP-UX HANDBOOK. USING THESE MATERIALS INDICATES THAT YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THESE TERMS, DO NOT USE THE HP-UX HANDBOOK. THE HP-UX HANDBOOK HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM THE NOTES OF HP ENGINEERS AND CONTAINS HP CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 TABLE OF CONETENTS Introduction ______________________________________________________________________ 4 Overview of the Itanium Architecture _________________________________________________ 4 Main features of EPIC _____________________________________________________________________4 The Itanium processor family (IPF) ____________________________________________________ 6 HP-UX Itanium Releases ______________________________________________________
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Introduction When PA-RISC was released, HP began designing the architecture to replace it. Several years into the project, HP determined that the economics of microprocessor manufacturing favored partnership and decided to partner with Intel, the leader in volume IC manufacturing. Intel was working on their next generation architecture as well, so the timing was perfect.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 functional unit may be idle even though there are instructions in the instruction stream destined for that functional unit. The concept behind explicit parallelism is that instructions arrive at the processor explicitly ordered by the compiler. The compiler organizes the code for an entire program and makes the ordering explicit so the processor can execute instructions in the most efficient manner.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 To provide more on-chip resources, Intel’s Itanium based processors capitalize on both the strengths of explicit parallelism and the savings in chip space that the 64-bit ISA provides. Itanium based processors have massive resources, with 128 general (integer) registers, 128 floating-point registers, 64 predicate registers, 8 branch registers and 128 control registers.
Chapter 21 max. page size Itanium Architecture (IA) 256MB 4GB system bus Layout 1MB L3 1MB L3 1MB L3 4GB system bus Core 800 MHz 1MB L3 October 29, 2013 Core 1 GHz system bus Core 1.5 GHz 3MB L3 cache 6MB L3 cache (*): Integrity SuperDome (Orca) has additional 32MB L4 cache. PA8800 has 3-4,5MB L1 only. The following table shows available HP systems: gen.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 http://www.hp.com/products1/itanium/servers_workstations HP-UX Itanium Releases These are the different HP-UX releases. The current PA release is UX 11.11. The current IPF release is UX 11.31. release identifier UX 11.00 UX 11.11 UX 11.20* UX 11.22 UX 11.23 UX 11.23PI UX 11.31 * official release name n/a 11i v1 11i v1.5 11i v1.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) Operating Environments Compressed dumps Kernel configuration Dynamic kernel tunables (*1) 2 Automatic kernel tunables (* ) OS Update Peripheral devices configuration System Configuration Repository October 29, 2013 5: BaseOE, EOE, MCOE, MTOE, TCOE yes (with product CDUMP11i) GUI/TUI: SAM CLI: kmtune, mk_kernel 12 3: BaseOE, MTOE, TCOE 5: FOE (*4), EOE, MCOE, MTOE, TCOE no yes (by default) GUI: kcweb CLI: kmtune, mk_kernel GUI: kcweb GUI+TUI: (autostart) kcw
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 (*3): JFS 3.5 on >= 11.23 has large file system enablement. max. 32TB (12TB tested & supported). No disk layout version 5 (i.e. large FS enablement) on JFS 3.5 for UX 11.11 4 (* ): Foundation OE (FOE) is the new name for the BaseOE as of 11.23 (*5): no OS Update from 11.22 MTOE to 11.23. Update supported on servers only. Update to equivalent OE first, then to higher OE NOTE (Ignite-UX): EFI is unable to boot from tape.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 FAT-16 for removable media. The system partition is required on a bootable disk for the IPF platform. It is used by the IPF BIOS to locate the HP-UX bootloader (hpux).
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 is empty and must be populated from the Support CD. You can run eDIAG from the HPSP. The directory structure of a default EFI system partition containing HP-UX boot information is as follows: /startup.nsh /EFI/diag /EFI/tools /EFI/Intel_Firmware/fpswa.efi /EFI/HPUX/hpux.efi /EFI/HPUX/nbp.efi /EFI/HPUX/AUTO /EFI/hp/tools/network/README.network /EFI/hp/tools/network/ftp.efi /EFI/hp/tools/network/ifconfig.efi /EFI/hp/tools/network/inet.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Management port Lan (lan console) Management port Serial NOTE: the Management Port (MP) is only available on servers, not on workstations. From the EFI Boot Maintenace Manager menu you can enable or disable these ports: EFI Boot Maintenance Manager ver 1.10 [14.61] Main Menu.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 KMINE doc IA64KBRC00011702 provides tables that show which of the devices display the output of: power on self test (POST) EFI menus HP-UX system bootup messages (i.e. VG activation, startup-scripts, login prompt) depending on the different combinations of selected console devices.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 The VGA monitor does never show POST output. Even if the is no shell login on VGA you will always get a CDE login prompt presented in case the system is equipped with a supported graphics card. Boot messages are only printed to one single output device. If multiple devices are enabled the priority is: 1. MP port, 2. Serial port, 3. VGA monitor. So if you like to have boot messages on VGA you need to enable the VGA port only.
Chapter 21 fs1 fs2 fs3 fs4 fs5 blk0 ... ... : : : : : : Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun0,Lun0)/HD(Part1,Sig831B783A-... Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun0,Lun0)/HD(Part3,Sig831B7880-... Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun1,Lun0)/HD(Part1,SigEDC974D0-... Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun1,Lun0)/HD(Part4,Sig9912850E-... Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|1)/Scsi(Pun2,Lun0)/HD(Part1,Sig9C8E9EE8-... Acpi(HWP0002,0)/Pci(2|0)/Ata(Primary,Master) startup.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) /dev/dsk/c2t0d0 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s2 October 29, 2013 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s2 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s1 /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s3 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s1 /dev/rdsk/c2t0d0s3 Acpi(000222F0,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun0,Lun0)/HD(Part1,Sig831B783A-296A-11D88002-D6217B60E588)/\EFI\HPUX\HPUX.EFI disk 2 0/1/1/0.1.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE HP 36.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 echo "Welcome to HP-UX for IA64" echo " setting hpux path(\EFI\HPUX)..." set path ".;\efi\hpux;\efi\tools;" echo " type 'fs[x]:' where x is your bootdisk (0, 1, 2...
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 fs2:\> hpux (c) Copyright 1990-2002, Hewlett Packard Company. All rights reserved HP-UX Boot Loader for IA64 Revision 1.713 Press Any Key to interrupt Autoboot \efi\hpux\AUTO ==> boot vmunix Seconds left till autoboot 3 Pressing any key at this point interrupts the 10 seconds autoboot timeout and invokes the OS Loader hpux.efi in interactive mode.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 HPUX> ver Bootloader Version => 1.713 EFI Specification Revision => 1.10 Firmware Vendor => HP Firmware Revision=> 14.60 CPU Revision => 7 Displaying the content of the AUTO file: HPUX> showauto \efi\hpux\AUTO => boot vmunix Listing the content of the boot directory /stand: HPUX> ll FILENAME . .. .kminstall_lock .kmmodreg_lock .kmsystune_lock boot.3D5429A80B4D/ boot.3DBE377F0857/ boot.sys/ bootconf build/ dlkm(LINK) dlkm.3D5429A80B4D/ dlkm.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 SIZE: Text:19787K + Data:2610K + BSS:2381K = Total:24779K If you are sitting in front of the VGA monitor and your system seems to hang at this stage the console output may not be configured properly. The “SIZE:” message above is printed by HPUX bootloader who prints console output to all available devices. The subsequent message “Console is on ...” is printed by the HP-UX kernel’s funtion printf(). This goes only to the configured console path.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 How to mirror the root disk The following procedure shows how to mirror the root disk. Let c1t0d0 be the existing primary disk and c2t1d0 the new mirror boot disk: For LVM 1) Setup the disk partitions At a cold-installed UX 11.23 system the partition sizes are different compared to UX 11.22. Use diskinfo(1M) to check the partition sizes. E.g. for a UX 11.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 mkboot(1M) command. But if you take e.g. an old UX 11.22 boot disk as mirror disk, mkboot will not automatically run efi_fsinit. As a result only 100MB of the 500MB EFI partition (s1) can be used.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) Root: lvol3 on: Swap: lvol2 on: Dump: lvol2 on: October 29, 2013 /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s2 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s2 /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s2 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s2 /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s2 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s2, 0 If not, then set it: # # # # lvlnboot lvlnboot lvlnboot lvlnboot -r -b -s -d /dev/vg00/lvol3 /dev/vg00/lvol1 /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/vg00/lvol2 8) Add a line to /stand/bootconf for the new boot disk (the letter l is for LVM) # vi /stand/bootconf l /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s2 l /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s2 N
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 5) Verify the LABEL files on root and mirror disk: # vxvmboot -v /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s2 LIF Label File @ (1k) block Label Entry: 0, Boot Volume Label Entry: 1, Root Volume Label Entry: 2, Swap Volume Label Entry: 3, Dump Volume # 834 on VxVM Disk /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0s2: start: 3168; length: 300 MB start: 4504672; length: 400 MB start: 310368; length: 4096 MB start: 310368; length: 4096 MB # vxvmboot -v /dev/rdsk/c2t1d0s2 LIF Label File @ (1k) block Label En
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 How to configure additional boot options It would be nice to have additional boot options configured in the EFI menu, e.g. for boot from mirror disk, boot to single user mode, etc. Since the Boot options (stored in EFI NVRAM) which can be specified in the Boot Option Maintenance Menu do not seem to have effect, it has to be done in a different way.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Manage BootNext setting Set Auto Boot TimeOut Select Active Console Output Devices Select Active Console Input Devices Select Active Standard Error Devices Cold Reset Exit Select the disk, here c1t0d0. This is Pun0,Lun0 (SCSI target 0, Lun 0): EFI Boot Maintenance Manager ver 1.10 [14.61] Add a Boot Option.
Chapter 21 05/28/03 05/28/03 Exit Itanium Architecture (IA) 09:38a
11:52a October 29, 2013 512 .. 419,545 HPUX.EFI _ Filename: \EFI\HPUX_single_user\HPUX.EFI DevicePath:[Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun1,Lun0)/HD(Part1,SigB45A0000)/\EF I\HPUX_single_user\HPUX.EFI] IA-64 EFI Application 05/28/03 11:52a 419,545 bytes BootFFFF: Acpi(HWP0002,100)/Pci(1|0)/Scsi(Pun1,Lun0)/HD(Part1,SigB45A0000)/\EFI\HPUX_single_ user\HPUX.EFI Now enter a description for this boot option, e.g.Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Performance Because an emulator can never be as performant as native code Aries should be used where performance is not critical or where it is not possible to create a native IPF family binary. Depending on the type of application you will see more or less impact on performance compared to PA-RISC.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 utilization. 7) PA-RISC applications that make extensive use of OpenGL experience slow performance. This is because the ogld daemon process on an Itanium-based machine is a native process, and an emulated application cannot send its graphics output to a native graphics card by directly communicating with the ogld daemon process.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 e.g. Memory SBE CEC (Core Electronic Complex) is the chipset (zx1/sx1000) PAL is delivered by Intel, SAL by HP. PAL and SAL together represent the PDC on PA-RISC. EFI represents the BCH and IPL. The firmware releases for PAL, SAL and EFI are installed as a single bundle. Introducing UX 11.23PI The latest HP-UX release UX 11.23PI was released in Sep. 2004. The official name is HP-UX 11i v2 update 2 or UX 11i v2 UPD2. The HP internal names are 11.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 1) Supported HP-UX system - Itanium-based servers include HP Integrity c8000, cx2600, rx2600, rx4640, rx5670, rx7620, rx8620, Superdome (16-, 32-, 64-way) - Itanium-based workstations include zx2000 and zx6000 - PA-RISC servers include rp2400, rp3400, rp4400, rp5400, rp7400, rp8400, Superdome (up to 128-way), A-, L-, and N-class 2) Minimum firmware revision required 3) HP-UX 11i v2 OE and application media (two DVD set) 4) 512 MB memory, minimum 5) 1
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 # swlist | grep BUNDLE BUNDLE11i B.11.23.0409.3 Required Patch Bundle for HP-UX 11i v2 (B.11.23), September 2004 New features Read the release notes of 11i v2 upd 2 on docs.hp.com to learn about all the new features. Here are some remarkable changes. ps(1) command before 11.23PI ps (1) displayed a maximum of 64 characters in the command field. At 11.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 ccNUMA support HP's cell-based platforms are ccNUMA (cache coherent, Non-Uniform Memory Access) capable, i.e. latency and bandwidth of a same-cell memory access is better than accessing memory on a different cell. For ccNUMA platforms, 11.23PI is ccNUMA-aware.
Chapter 21 Itanium Architecture (IA) October 29, 2013 Software Transition Kit (STK) http://devrsrc1.external.hp.com/STK/ SPEC Performance Benchmarks http://www.spec.org (non HP) TPC Performance Benchmarks http://www.tpc.org/ (non HP) Performance Tuning Guide for Itanium systems http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/infolibrary/whitepapers/7206_IPF_tuning_wp_0 51403.pdf UX 11.23 at docs.hp.com http://docs.hp.com/hpux/os/11iV2 EFI Intel’s EFI homepage: http://developer.intel.
