PPPoE/v6 Administrator’s Guide HP-UX 11i Edition 1 Manufacturing Part Number: 5971-4750 E0703 United States © Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. All rights reserved.
Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Contents About This Manual 1. Introduction PPPoE Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How PPPoE Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packet Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents New pppd Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Command-Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using PPPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About This Manual This manual describes how to install and configure the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE/v6) software on your HP-UX 11i operating system. This manual assumes that the HP-UX 11i operating system software and the appropriate files, scripts, and subsets are installed. Audience This manual is intended for system and network administrators responsible for installing, configuring, and managing the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPPoE/v6) software.
Table 1 Document Contents (Continued) Chapter IPv6 Support for PPP Description Presents an overview of the IPv6 support for PPP and describes how to use the PPPv6 software. Related Documents For more information about HP-UX networking and communications, see the following books: • Installing and Administering PPP Provides information about configuring and using the PPP product. The manual also describes how to migrate SLIP connections from earlier HP-UX releases to the SLIP mode of the PPP product.
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1 Introduction This chapter describes how to install and configure the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) software, a part of Transport Optional Upgrade Release (TOUR) release, on your HP-UX 11i operating system.
Introduction This chapter discusses the following topics: 10 • “PPPoE Overview” on page 11 • “How PPPoE Works” on page 12 • “Protocol Overview” on page 13 • “Packet Types” on page 15 • “Software Architecture” on page 16 • “Software Binaries” on page 18 Chapter 1
Introduction PPPoE Overview PPPoE Overview PPPoE allows you to connect multiple hosts at a remote location through the same customer access device, and to reduce the cost of providing dial-up services using Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). PPPoE, as described in RFC 2516, enables broadband service providers to authenticate users and to maintain the familiar dial-up experience for users when they connect to the Internet through a broadband modem.
Introduction How PPPoE Works How PPPoE Works Figure 1-1 depicts how PPPoE enables you to connect to the Internet via a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Figure 1-1 PPPoE Framework DSL providers use PPPoE to provide faster access to the Internet via an Ethernet line. PPPoE eliminates the need for a serial line to connect users. It authenticates the users and analyzes the volume of network traffic each user generates.
Introduction Protocol Overview Protocol Overview Any PPPoE session typically comprises two peers communicating over an Ethernet link. Each peer must learn the Ethernet address of the remote peer and also establish a unique session identifier that identifies the PPPoE session between the peers. Figure 1-2 depicts how the PPPoE client and the server, on the same link, communicate with each other. Figure 1-2 When Client and Server Are on the Same Link 1.2.3.4 5.6.7.
Introduction Protocol Overview Each PPPoE session includes the following stages: • Discovery stage PPPoE functions as a client/server model in the discovery stage. Before a host tries to initiate a PPP session, it searches for a suitable PPPoE server (access concentrator) that can provide the services required by the host. The host then learns the server’s Media Access Control (MAC) address and a unique session number called the session ID.
Introduction Packet Types Packet Types Table 1-1 lists the packets exchanged between the host and the access concentrator during the discovery stage. Table 1-1 Packet Types Packet Chapter 1 Description PADI The host sends the PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI) packet with the destination address set to the broadcast address. PADO When an access concentrator receives a PADI that it can serve, it responds to the host by sending a PPPoE Active Discover Offer (PADO) packet.
Introduction Software Architecture Software Architecture Figure 1-4 illustrates the architecture of the PPPoE software. Figure 1-4 PPPoE Architecture Client pppd 1 PADI 2 PPPoE Server pppd pppd PADO 3 PADR dlpi MUX 4 PADS dlpi 5 PADT The numbers 1,2,3,4, and 5, in Figure 1-4, depict the interactions between the client and the server before and after establishing a PPPoE connection. See “PPPoE Overview,” on page 11‚ for more information.
Introduction Software Architecture Data Link Provider Interface (DLPI). DLPI examines each PPPoE packet and delivers it to the corresponding pppd process based on the session ID.
Introduction Software Binaries Software Binaries Table 1-2 lists the software binaries that the PPPoE software package contains. Table 1-2 PPPoE Software Binaries File 18 Description /usr/sbin/pppoesd The PPPoE server daemon. /usr/bin/pppoec The PPPoE client daemon. /usr/sbin/pppoerd The PPPoE relay daemon. /usr/bin/pppd The PPP daemon. /dev/pppoe The Dynamically Linked Kernel Module (DLKM) installed on the access concentrator.
2 Installing PPPoE This chapter describes how to install the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) software on the HP-UX 11i operating system.
Installing PPPoE 20 • “Prerequisites” on page 21 • “Using swinstall to Install PPPoE” on page 22 Chapter 2
Installing PPPoE Prerequisites Prerequisites The following lists the prerequisites for installing PPPoE: Chapter 2 • HP 9000 computer • HP-UX 11i operating system 21
Installing PPPoE Using swinstall to Install PPPoE Using swinstall to Install PPPoE PPPoE is a part of Transport Optional Upgrade Release (TOUR) 1.0. You can download the TOUR 1.0 software bundle from the following URL: http://www.software.hp.com After downloading the software bundle, use the swinstall command to install the package on your system. You do not need to create or modify any system file while installing the PPPoE software on your system.
Installing PPPoE Using swinstall to Install PPPoE Step 2 Use arrow keys to select the TOUR product, as shown in Figure 2-1. Step 3 Invoke the Actions (Alt+A) menu and select the Install option. swinstall installs TOUR and its components on your HP-UX 11i system and is now available for use. NOTE Chapter 2 The swinstall command installs the pppoe.o and pppoe modules in the /stand/dlkm/mod.d/pppoe/ and /dev/ directories, respectively. You cannot run the PPPoE server daemon without pppoe.o and pppoe.
Installing PPPoE Using swinstall to Install PPPoE 24 Chapter 2
3 Configuring PPPoE This chapter describes how to configure the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) software on your HP-UX 11i operating system.
Configuring PPPoE 26 • “Before You Begin” on page 27 • “Setting Up the Server” on page 28 • “Server Configuration File” on page 29 • “Sample pppoesd.conf File” on page 32 • “Setting Up the Client” on page 33 • “Client Configuration File” on page 35 • “Sample pppoec.conf File” on page 37 • “Setting Up the Relay” on page 38 • “Relay Configuration File” on page 39 • “Sample pppoerd.
Configuring PPPoE Before You Begin Before You Begin Before you set up the PPPoE server or the client, complete the following steps: 1. Obtain information about the PPPoE server from your service provider. 2. Assemble all the necessary devices used by the client (DSL modem, hub, router, and other devices).
Configuring PPPoE Setting Up the Server Setting Up the Server The pppoesd daemon, on the server, performs discovery activities as described in RFC 2516. pppoesd responds to the client’s PADI and PADR packets about its willingness to offer services. It generates a unique session ID for every client it services. In addition, pppoesd forks a pppd daemon to perform a set of activities in the session phase.
Configuring PPPoE Server Configuration File Server Configuration File You cannot run pppoesd without a configuration file. The default configuration file is /etc/ppp/pppoesd.conf. Use this file to set the server parameters. A blank line separates each entry in the pppoesd.conf file. pppoesd.conf ignores lines that begin with #. Each entry is of the following format: = Table 3-2 lists the parameters that the server configuration file supports.
Configuring PPPoE Server Configuration File Table 3-2 Server Parameters (Continued) Parameter ac_cookie Description Specifies a tag that the access concentrator may encapsulate in the AC-Cookie tag in a PADO packet. pppoesd generates a unique digest using the MD5 algorithm. This tag aids in protecting against denial of service attacks. If a host receives this tag, it must return the tag unmodified in the following PADR.
Configuring PPPoE Server Configuration File Table 3-2 Server Parameters (Continued) Parameter pppd-options Description Specifies the command-line options of pppd. For more information, type man 1m pppd at the HP-UX prompt. For more information about the pppoesd.conf file, type man 4 pppoesd.conf at the HP-UX prompt.
Configuring PPPoE Sample pppoesd.conf File Sample pppoesd.conf File You can use the sample pppoesd.conf file, available in the /etc/ppp/ directory, as your server configuration file. The sample pppoesd.conf file is as follows: [ lan4 ] service=any acname=gatt3 ac_cookie=1 #host_unique=0 timeout=1200 #retry-number=3 local-ipv4-address=1.2.3.4 ipv4-address-pool=5.6.7.8 - 5.6.7.
Configuring PPPoE Setting Up the Client Setting Up the Client The pppoec daemon, on the client, discovers an access concentrator that is able to offer services. It obtains a unique session ID from the chosen access concentrator. Also, it forks a pppd daemon to perform session stage functions as mentioned in RFC 2516.
Configuring PPPoE Setting Up the Client Do not use SIGKILL to terminate the pppoec daemon. Instead, use SIGTERM.
Configuring PPPoE Client Configuration File Client Configuration File /etc/ppp/pppoec.conf is the configuration file for the pppoec daemon. Upon startup, pppoec reads pppoec.conf to initialize itself. Also, it uses the parameters specified in this file during the PPPoE session. Table 3-3 lists the parameters that the client configuration file supports. Table 3-3 Client Parameters Parameter Description service Specifies the name of the service that the client requires.
Configuring PPPoE Client Configuration File Table 3-3 Client Parameters (Continued) Parameter pppd-options Description Specifies the command-line options of pppd. For more information, type man 1m pppd at the HP-UX prompt. Each entry in pppoec.conf is of the following format: = A blank line separates each entry in the configuration file. The pppoec.conf file ignores lines that begin with a number sign (#).
Configuring PPPoE Sample pppoec.conf File Sample pppoec.conf File You can use the sample pppoec.conf file, available in the /etc/ppp/ directory, as your client configuration file. The sample pppoec.
Configuring PPPoE Setting Up the Relay Setting Up the Relay To set up the /etc/ppp/pppoerd daemon, run the following command at the HP-UX prompt: pppoerd [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-l log-file] [-c config-file] specifies the name of the relay configuration file. The default file is /etc/ppp/pppoerd.conf. [-d debug-level] specifies the debug level. [-l log-file] specifies the name of the log file to which pppoerd logs messages. The default file is /var/adm/pppoerd.log.
Configuring PPPoE Relay Configuration File Relay Configuration File /etc/ppp/pppoerd.conf is the configuration file for the pppoerd daemon. pppoerd reads this file to initialize the relay. A blank line separates each entry in the pppoerd.conf file. pppoerd ignores lines that begin with a number sign (#). You can use the pppoerd.conf file to set the relay parameters. Table 3-4 lists the parameters that the relay supports.
Configuring PPPoE Sample pppoerd.conf File Sample pppoerd.conf File You can use the sample pppoerd.conf file, available in the /etc/ppp/ directory, as your relay configuration file. The sample pppoerd.
4 Troubleshooting PPPoE This chapter describes how to troubleshoot the Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) software using log messages.
Troubleshooting PPPoE 42 • “Server Log File” on page 43 • “Sample pppoesd.log File” on page 44 • “Client Log File” on page 45 • “Sample pppoec.log File” on page 46 • “Relay Log File” on page 47 • “Sample pppoerd.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Server Log File Server Log File pppoerd, the PPPoE server daemon, logs three types of messages to its log file. The default log file is /var/adm/pppoesd.log. To use an alternate log file, specify the name and path with the -l option on the command line while running the server daemon. See Table 3-1‚ on page 28‚ for information on log message types.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Sample pppoesd.log File Sample pppoesd.log File A sample pppoesd.log file is as follows: Feb 06 16:06:48 No PPPOE configuration file: /etc/ppp/pppoesd.conf.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Client Log File Client Log File pppoec, the PPPoE client daemon, logs three types of messages to its log file. The default log file is /var/adm/pppoec.log. To use an alternate log file, specify the name and path with the -l option on the command line while running the client daemon. See Table 3-1‚ on page 28‚ for information on log message types.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Sample pppoec.log File Sample pppoec.log File A sample pppoec.log file is as follows: Feb 06 00:15:22 parse_config_file: Ignoring line 4 --> #host_unique=0 Feb 06 00:15:22 fill_entry: invalid timeout tag value.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Relay Log File Relay Log File pppoerd, the PPPoE relay daemon, logs three types of messages to its log file. The default log file is /var/adm/pppoerd.log. To use an alternate log file, specify the name and path with the -l option on the command line while running the relay daemon. See Table 3-1‚ on page 28‚ for information on log message types.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Sample pppoerd.log File Sample pppoerd.log File A sample pppoerd.log file is as follows: Feb 06 Feb 06 packet Feb 06 Feb 06 48 01:53:50 sending PADI on lan4 01:53:50 PADI not from a PPPoE Client.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Log Message Types Log Message Types You can identify and pinpoint a problem by seeing the PPPoE log messages. Table 4-1 lists the different types of messages that PPPoE logs. Table 4-1 PPPoE Log Messages Message Type LOG_WARN Message Text process_pado: packet not from a unicast address. Ignoring packet. Error tag present in PADR. Ignoring packet. LOG_ERROR No PADO’s receieved. exiting. process_padr: Unable to allocate memory. Exiting.
Troubleshooting PPPoE Log Message Types 50 Chapter 4
5 IPv6 Support for PPP This chapter describes how to enable the new IPv6 functionality for existing or new users of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
IPv6 Support for PPP • 52 “Overview” on page 53 ✓ “Conformance to RFC 2472” on page 53 ✓ “New pppd Changes” on page 53 ✓ “New Command-Line Options” on page 54 Chapter 5
IPv6 Support for PPP Overview Overview Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides connectivity between individual hosts used at remote location, including homes and small offices, to ISPs’ networks. It is also making an entry into the wireless domain where the connectivity between devices and service providers is mostly through a point-to-point connection.
IPv6 Support for PPP Overview • pppd startup for IPv6 through an automated script, namely, /etc/ppp/Autostart.ex. • Dial-in configuration through a login script, namely, /etc/ppp/Login.ex. • Support for filtering IPv4 packets with an IPv6 datagram. New Command-Line Options Table 5-1 lists the new command-line options added to the existing /usr/bin/pppd daemon.
IPv6 Support for PPP Overview Table 5-1 New Command-Line Options (Continued) Option IP Options NOTE Description noipv6 Specify this option to disable IPV6CP negotiation. No IPv6 datagram will pass through the link. Use this option when you do not want to negotiate IPV6CP messages sent by a peer pppd. ipv6 local-fid, remote-ifid Specify two 64-bit interface identifiers separated by a comma, the interface identifier of the local machine, and the expected interface identifier of the remote machine.
IPv6 Support for PPP Overview RFC. These advertisements allow any listening host to configure their addresses and some other parameters automatically without manual intervention. They can also choose a default router based on these advertisements. For more information, see “Enabling rtradvd” section in HP-UX IPv6 Transport Administrator’s Guide for TOUR 1.0, available on http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/netcom/index.html. Using PPPv6 After you install the TOUR 1.
Index A ac_cookie, 30 acname, 29 swinstall, 22 T timeout, 30 C client-intf-list, 39 D Discovery stage, 14 H host-unique, 35 I interface, 29 ipv4-address-pool, 30 ipv6-identifier-pool, 30 L local-ipv4-address, 30 local-ipv6-identifier, 30 LOG_DBG, 49 LOG_DEBUG, 28 LOG_ERROR, 28, 49 LOG_WARN, 28, 49 P PADI, 15 PADO, 15 PADR, 15 PADS, 15 PADT, 15 pppd-options, 31 pppoe, 23 pppoe.o, 23 pppoec, 33 pppoec.log, 46 pppoerd.log, 48 pppoesd, 28 pppoesd.
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