Installing and Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 Manufacturing Part Number: 5991-0720 November 2004 United States © Copyright 2004 Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P.
Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Contents About This Document 1. Overview DHCPv6 Versus DHCPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DHCPv6 2.001 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 DHCPv6 2.001 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 DHCPv6 Versus DHCPv4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Sample dhcpv6tab File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuring the Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The dhcpv6client.data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The dhcpv6clientd Client Daemon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Invoking dhcpv6clientd . . .
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About This Document This manual discusses DHCPv6 2.001, an IP address management technique, available as a Web upgrade on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems. This manual assumes that the HP-UX 11i v1 or HP-UX 11i v2 operating system software and the appropriate files, scripts, and subsets are installed on your system. Intended Audience This manual is intended for system and network administrators responsible for assigning and maintaining IP addresses.
What Is in This Document Installing and Administering DHCPv6 2.001 is divided into chapters, which contain information about configuring, installing, and troubleshooting DHCPv6 2.001. Table 2 describes the content in more detail. Table 2 Document Organization Chapter Description Overview Provides an overview of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). Installation and Migration Describes the steps to install the DHCPv6 2.001 software depot from http://www.software.hp.com.
HP iknow Topics of Interest describe some networking concepts and tasks, as well as other topics. You can find these documents on the HP-UX networking communications home page at the following URL: http://docs.hp.com/iknow Typographical Conventions This document uses the following typographic conventions: audit (5) An HP-UX manpage. In this example, audit is the name and 5 is the section in the HP-UX Reference. On the Web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a link to the manpage itself.
HP Encourages Your Feedback HP welcomes any comments and suggestions you have on this manual. You can send your comments in the following ways: • Using Internet electronic mail: netinfo_feedback@cup.hp.com • Using a feedback form located at the following URL: http://docs.hp.com/assistance/feedback.html Please include the following information along with your comments: x • The full title of the manual and the part number.
1 Overview This chapter discusses features, components, and files of DHCPv6 2.001, which is available as a Web upgrade on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems. It also discusses how a DHCPv6 2.001 client and server work when they are on same and different links.
Overview Due to an explosive growth in networks, assigning and maintaining new IP addresses have presented a challenging task for administrators. At its current rate of development, the present system, which can support 4 billion addresses, might run out of space in a few years. Researchers claim that switchover to IPv6, which has a huge address space, is the optimal solution to the overcrowded system.
Overview DHCPv6 Versus DHCPv4 DHCPv6 Versus DHCPv4 The following lists the differences between DHCPv4 and DHCPv6: NOTE • Unlike DHCPv4, IPv6 address allocation in DHCPv6 is handled using a message option. • The message types, such as DHCPDISCOVER and DHCPOFFER supported by DHCPv4 are removed in DHCPv6. Instead, DHCPv6 servers are located by a client SOLICIT message followed by a server ADVERTISE message.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Overview DHCPv6 2.001 is based on RFC 3315 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)). DHCPv6 2.001 manages network resources, such as IP addresses and server addresses like Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), Domain Name System (DNS), Network Information Service (NIS), and Network Information Service Plus (NIS+), at a centralized location. DHCPv6 2.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Features DHCPv6 2.001 Features DHCPv6 2.001 supports the following features: • IPv6 address allocation • Stateful auto-configuration protocol for IPv6 • Better performance due to multi-threaded DHCPv6 2.001 server • Renumbering using a server initiated message exchange • Multiple prefixes for a link • Globally unique IDs for the client and server • DNS, SIP, NIS, and NIS+ configuration using DHCPv6 2.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Features Message Types Table 1-1 describes the messages exchanged between the client and the server through a relay. Table 1-1 Message Types in DHCPv6 2.001 Message Type 6 Description SOLICIT A client uses this message to locate servers. ADVERTISE A server uses this message to respond to SOLICIT messages. REQUEST A client uses this message to request addresses and configuration parameters from servers.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Features Table 1-1 Message Types in DHCPv6 2.001 (Continued) Message Type Chapter 1 Description REPLY A server sends a REPLY message containing assigned addresses and configuration parameters in response to a SOLICIT, REQUEST, RENEW, REBIND message received from a client. A server sends a REPLY message containing configuration parameters in response to an INFORMATION-REQUEST message.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Features Table 1-1 Message Types in DHCPv6 2.001 (Continued) Message Type Description INFORMATION-REQUEST A client sends an INFORMATION-REQUEST message to a server to request configuration parameters without the assignment of any IP addresses to the client. RELAY-FORW A relay agent uses this to forward client messages to servers. RELAY-REPL A server sends a RELAY-REPL message to a relay agent containing a message that the relay agent delivers to a client.
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Components DHCPv6 2.001 Components Table 1-2 describes the components of the DHCPv6 2.001 framework. Table 1-2 DHCPv6 2.001 Components Component Chapter 1 Description DHCP client The host that needs to be configured. DHCP server The server that caters to the DHCP client’s configuration requirements. DHCP relay or agent The host that facilitates initial communication between the DHCP server and the client when they are on different links.
Overview Autoconfiguration Autoconfiguration Autoconfiguration is a mechanism that does not require any manual intervention to configure a host in a network environment. Following are the types of autoconfiguration methods: • Stateless address autoconfiguration Stateless autoconfiguration does not require a manually configured server but enables IPv6 hosts to configure their own addresses using a local IPv6 router. This method is easy to use.
Overview Ports Ports DHCPv6 2.001 uses the following Internet User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports: • 546 DHCP servers use this client port as the destination port to send messages to clients and relays. In addition, the relays or agents use this port as the destination port for messages sent to the clients. • 547 DHCP clients use this agent port as the destination port to send messages to agents or relays. In addition, relays use this port as the destination port for messages sent to the servers.
Overview Multicast Addresses Multicast Addresses DHCPv6 2.001 uses the following multicast addresses: • All DHCP Agents address – FF02::1:2 DHCP clients use this link-scoped multicast address to communicate with the on-link agent. All agents within the same DHCP domain belong to this multicast group.
Overview How DHCPv6 2.001 Works How DHCPv6 2.001 Works This section describes how the DHCPv6 2.001 software works. It discusses the following topics: • “Client/Server Operation” on page 13 • “Identifying and Managing IPv6 Addresses” on page 16 Client/Server Operation This section describes how the DHCPv6 2.001 server and the client communicate with each other. Servers and clients on the same link communicate directly with each other. The DHCPv6 2.
Overview How DHCPv6 2.001 Works Figure 1-1 depicts how the client and the server, on the same link, communicate with each other. Figure 1-1 When Client and Server are on the Same Link The client and the server communicate with each other by exchanging packets as follows (see the numbers 1,2,3,4, and 5 in Figure 1-1): 1. The client sends a DHCP SOLICIT message to the ALL DHCP Agents address (FF02::1:2) to locate suitable servers. 2.
Overview How DHCPv6 2.001 Works DHCPv6 2.001 requires relays to be set up on the client’s link when the client and the server are on different links. Relays receive messages from the client and forward them verbatim to a set of servers that the DHCP domain includes.
Overview How DHCPv6 2.001 Works 3. Servers respond to the client’s message by sending a RELAY-RELAY message. The server message is encapsulated in the RELAY-RELAY message. 4. The relay forwards the server message to the client’s message by sending ADVERTISE messages. NOTE All other message interactions are identical to those explained in the previous scenario. Identifying and Managing IPv6 Addresses Servers and clients manage IPv6 addresses in groups called Identity Associations (IAs).
Overview DHCPv6 2.001 Files DHCPv6 2.001 Files Table 1-3 describes the files used by the DHCPv6 2.001 software. Table 1-3 DHCPv6 2.001 Files Name and Location Client Use /etc/dhcpv6tab X You can use this file to specify the default client, pool group, and relay settings. /etc/dhcpv6db X Files in this directory contain the client lease information. The DHCPv6 2.001 server reads these files to build its internal database and to maintain the leases. /etc/dhcpv6client.
Overview DHCPv6 2.
2 Installation and Migration This chapter discusses how to install DHCPv6 2.001 on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11 iv2 operating systems. It also explains how to migrate from DHCPv6 1.001 to 2.001.
Installation and Migration This chapter discusses the following topics: 20 • “Installing DHCPv6 2.001” on page 21 • “Migrating from DHCPv6 1.001 to DHCPv6 2.
Installation and Migration Installing DHCPv6 2.001 Installing DHCPv6 2.001 Read this chapter before installing the DHCPv6 2.001 software. You can install DHCPv6 2.001 only on a dual stack system. NOTE DHCPv6 available in the base HP-UX 11i v2 operating system is not compatible with this Web upgrade of DHCPv6 2.001 on HP-UX 11i v2. Prerequisites The following sections discuss prerequisites for installing DHCPv6 2.001 on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems.
Installation and Migration Installing DHCPv6 2.001 Installation Instructions To install DHCPv6 2.001, complete the following steps: Step 1. Review “Prerequisites” on page 21 to ensure your system meets DHCPv6 2.001 installation requirements. Step 2. To download the DHCPv6 2.001 software, complete the following steps: a. Go to the HP Software Depot at http://www.software.hp.com. b. Search for “DHCPv6” and read the “Overview” and “Installation” pages for DHCPv6 2.001. c.
Installation and Migration Installing DHCPv6 2.001 The previous installation of DHCPv6 is backed up as follows in the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems: • For the HP-UX 11i v1 operating system: — The /etc/dhcpv6client.data client database is moved to the /etc/dhcpv6client.data.11i01 backup file. — The /etc/dhcpv6db server database directory is moved to the /etc/dhcpv6db.11i01 directory. — The /etc/dhcpv6tab file is moved to the /etc/dhcpv6tab.11i01 file.
Installation and Migration Installing DHCPv6 2.001 DHCPv6 24 B.11.23.02.
Installation and Migration Migrating from DHCPv6 1.001 to DHCPv6 2.001 Migrating from DHCPv6 1.001 to DHCPv6 2.001 This chapter discusses the steps to migrate from DHCPv6 1.001 to DHCPv6 2.001 when you have configured your system as a client, server, or relay agent. NOTE Before migrating to DHCPv6 2.001, you may find it useful to read the DHCPv6 2.001 Release Notes at http://www.docs.hp.com. Migrating a DHCPv6 1.001 Server If you have configured your system as a server or client using DHCPv6 1.
Installation and Migration Migrating from DHCPv6 1.001 to DHCPv6 2.001 Following are the modified sections in DHCPv6 2.
Installation and Migration Migrating from DHCPv4 to DHCPv6 2.001 Migrating from DHCPv4 to DHCPv6 2.001 If you are using DHCPv4 and wish to migrate to DHCPv6 2.001, you must install the DHCPv6 2.001 software from the following location: http://www.software.hp.com See “Installation Instructions” on page 22 for more information on installing DHCPv6 2.001. NOTE You must configure at least one DHCPv6 2.001 server or relay agent on the network. You can run DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 2.
Installation and Migration Migrating from DHCPv4 to DHCPv6 2.
3 Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 This chapter describes how to configure the DHCPv6 2.001 on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Server Configuring the Server This section describes how to configure the DHCPv6 2.001 server on the HP-UX 11i v1 and HP-UX 11i v2 operating systems. It discusses the following topics: • “The dhcpv6d Server Daemon” on page 31 • “Server Configuration File” on page 32 • “Setting Up the DHCPv6 2.001 Server” on page 33 • “Sample dhcpv6tab File” on page 34 The dhcpv6d Server Daemon dhcpv6d is the IPv6 version of bootpd that runs as a standalone daemon.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Server -k Kills the server gracefully. - h max_hop_count Specifies the maximum number of hops allowed for a DHCPv6 packet after which the server drops the DHCPv6 packet. -r Rereads the configuration file and triggers the server to send a reconfig-init message to the clients when the configuration file has any new or updated information. -u Enables the unicast option. -C Enables the rapid commit option. -R Runs the DHCPv6 server as a relay agent.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Server • DHCPv6 2.001 relay settings (DHCP_RELAY_SETTINGS) This section specifies the tags for a DHCPv6 2.001 relay agent. • DHCPv6 2.001 device group settings (DHCP_DEVICE_GROUP) This section specifies the tags for a DHCPv6 2.001 device group. • DHCPv6 2.001 address pool settings (DHCP_ADDRESS_POOL) This section specifies the tags for an individual address pool. • DHCPv6 2.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Server NOTE You need to complete these steps only once, when you install the DHCPv6 2.001 server. Sample dhcpv6tab File You can use the sample dhcpv6tab file, available in the /etc/ directory, as your server configuration file. The sample dhcpv6tab file is as follows: ## # # @(#)dhcpv6tab $Revision: 1.002 $ $Date: 06/02/04 18:49:16 $ # # dhcpv6d reads its configuration information from this file # upon execution.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Server pool-group-name = RED;\ addresses = 5ffe::90f 4000::209;\ DNS-server-address = 4000::100; NOTE 36 The dhcpv6tab file discards the DHCP_POOL_GROUP section because it starts with a pound sign (#).
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client Configuring the Client This section describes how to configure the DHCPv6 2.001 client on the HP-UX 11i Version 1 operating system. It discusses the following topics: • “The dhcpv6client.data File” on page 37 • “The dhcpv6clientd Client Daemon” on page 38 • “Setting Up the DHCPv6 2.001 Client” on page 39 • “The dhcpv6client_ui Interface” on page 39 • “The dhcpv6config Script” on page 42 • “The dhcpv6db2conf Utility” on page 43 The dhcpv6client.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client The dhcpv6clientd Client Daemon dhcpv6clientd is the DHCPv6 2.001 client daemon. It sends the DHCP SOLICIT and DHCP REQUEST messages to the DHCPv6 2.001 server or servers to select an appropriate server that is able to provide the required services. You need to set the DHCPV6_ENABLE variable in the /etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6 file to a non-zero value to invoke dhcpv6clientd.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client For more information on setting the DHCPV6_ENABLE variable in the netconf-ipv6 file, see “The dhcpv6config Script” on page 42. For more information about configuration parameters, type man 1m dhcpv6clientd at the HP-UX prompt. For more information on log message types, type man 3c syslog at the HP-UX prompt. Alternatively, you can use the /sbin/dhcpv6config script to invoke dhcpv6clientd.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client Figure 3-1 depicts how a client communicates with the DHCPv6 2.001 server via dhcpv6client_ui. Figure 3-1 The dhcpv6client_ui Interface dhcpv6client_ui helps you do the following: • Obtain only IP addresses from the server. • Obtain multiple IP addresses for an interface. • Obtain IP addresses with other configuration parameters. • Release unused IP addresses obtained from the server.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client -s Specifies the list of vendor-specific options that the client daemon must request from the server daemon. You must use this option in conjunction with the -m option. -R Notifies the client to utilize the unused IPv6 addresses stored in the /etc/dhcpv6client.data file instead of requesting new IP addresses from the server. -r Specifies the interface to which IPv6 addresses will be released. -v Prints the version information of the client daemon.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client 10. default for all the default options supported by the DHCPv6 2.001 client daemon. The default parameters are set during the invocation of dhcpv6clientd, the dhcpv6 client daemon. NOTE The client daemon must be running, when you execute the dhcpv6client_ui interface. For more information, type man 1 dhcpv6client_ui at the HP-UX prompt. The dhcpv6config Script /sbin/dhcpv6config is a screen-oriented shell script that allows you to configure an interface.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client The /sbin/dhcpv6config script also checks whether dhcpv6clientd is already running on the system. If it is not running, the script invokes the client daemon. 4. The following message is displayed while the script invokes the client daemon: Starting dhcpv6clientd . . .” 5. The following message is displayed while the script invokes the dhcpv6client_ui interface: Trying to get address(es) for < > . . . 6.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring the Client -a Using the results of the specified filter, directly apply the variable definitions to the existing configuration files (for example, /etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6). -c Create a set of staging files using the results of the selected filters. -d Process the DNS variable set: [domain, nameserver]. -i Process the INTERFACE variable set: [IPV6_SECONDARY_INTERFACE_NAME, IPV6_ADDRESS, IPV6_PREFIXLEN, DHCPV6_ENABLE].
Configuring DHCPv6 2.001 Configuring a Relay Configuring a Relay This section describes how to configure a host as a DHCPv6 2.001 relay. To configure a host on the DHCPv6 2.001 network to function as a relay, set the following tags in the /etc/dhcpv6tab file: • DHCP_RELAY_SETTINGS; This tag indicates the start of the DHCPv6 2.001 relay settings. • subnet-prefix This tag specifies the IPv6 subnet prefix in hexadecimal notation in the form address/prefix-length.
Configuring DHCPv6 2.
4 Troubleshooting This chapter describes techniques and files that you can use to troubleshoot the DHCPv6 2.001 server and the client.
Troubleshooting It discusses different dhcpv6d error messages displayed and also the respective troubleshooting methods. It also discusses crash recovery for a DHCPv6 2.001 server and client. This chapter discusses the following topics: 48 • “The syslog.log File” on page 49 • “DHPv6 2.
Troubleshooting The syslog.log File The syslog.log File The syslog.log file contains the log messages for all subsystems. You can use the information contained in this file to characterize a problem. Both the DHCPv6 2.001 client and server daemons log all the error messages in the /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log file. You can use this file to identify and rectify errors. The client and the server check for the validity of server requests and client requests, respectively.
Troubleshooting DHPv6 2.001 Server and Client Recovery DHPv6 2.001 Server and Client Recovery When the DHCPv6 2.001 server crashes, the DHCPv6 2.001 server reads the client’s lease information, stored in files under the /etc/dhcpv6db directory, to build its internal database and to maintain the leases. The server deletes the expired leases in the database. When a DHCPv6 2.001 client crashes, the client reads the configuration information stored in the /etc/dhcpv6client.
Index A ADVERTISE message, 13 autoconfiguration methods, 10 U /usr/sbin/dhcpv6db2conf utility, 43 UDP protocol, 11 User Datagram Protocol, 11 See UDP protocol D DHCP agent, 9 DHCP agent address, 12 DHCP client, 9 DHCP relay, 9 DHCP server, 9 DHCP server address, 12 DHCPv6 client/server communication, 13 components, 9 message types, 6 UDP ports, 11 DHCPV6_ENABLE variable, 38 dhcpv6client_ui user interface, 39 dhcpv6clientd daemon, 38 dhcpv6d daemon, 31 E /etc/dhcpv6client.
Index 52
