HP-UX 11i Release Notes HP 9000 Computers Edition 1 Manufacturing Part Number: B3920-90091 E1200 United States © Copyright 1983-2000 Hewlett-Packard Company. All rights reserved.
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Contents 1. Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i What Is the Purpose of HP-UX Release Notes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What’s In the Remaining Chapters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where Should I Begin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents SCSI Interface Driver scsi_c720 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing SCSI Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guardian Service Processor (GSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GSP Logging Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N4000 Server Functionality . . . .
Contents CIFS/9000 Client and CIFS/9000 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CIFS Product Structure and Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Event Monitoring Service (EMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents GlancePlus Pak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Supported Versions of HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 High Availability Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Documentation: . . . . .
Contents HP Message-Passing Interface (MPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HP Visualize Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . .
Contents Streamlined GUI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shows Products Rather than Bundles After Auto-Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addition of Software Groups to GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Layout Version Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Message Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Improved ioscan(1M) Description Field for PCI Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 8. Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters HP-UX Gang Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kernel Threads vs. CMA Threads (new). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performance Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network File System Support for TCP/IP (new) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other NFS Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . netstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virtual IP (VIP) Address for the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . setsockopt() . . . . . . .
Contents Size Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Compatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Auditing Commands/System Calls To Be Obsoleted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 12. Compatibility Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binary Compatibility . . . .
Contents Customization of wctype Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System V Message Queues Expanding Beyond Present 64KB Limit . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Number of Active Processors for pstat_getdynamic Changed . . . . . . . . Export Filesystem (NFS) Security Defect Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support Tools Manager, EMS Hardware Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . libc atof() Algorithm Change . . .
Contents The /usr/lib/pa20_64/libc.2 Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compatibility Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performance Improvements to libc’s ftw(3C) and nftw(3C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ftw() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents X Window Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Codeset Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LaserJet Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents wctob() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wctrans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wmemchr(), wmemcmp(), wmemcpy(), wmemmove(), wmemset() . . . . . . . . . . . . Modified interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i The purpose of this chapter is to help you to use these Release Notes along with related HP-UX documentation most effectively.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i The following topics are covered in this overview: • “What Is the Purpose of HP-UX Release Notes?” • “What’s In the Remaining Chapters?” • “Where Should I Begin?” • “Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release” • “Migrating from Previous HP-UX Releases” • “Where Else Can I Find Present and Previous Versions of the Release Notes?” • “Other Sources of Information on HP-UX 11i” 20 Chapter 1
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i What Is the Purpose of HP-UX Release Notes? What Is the Purpose of HP-UX Release Notes? HP-UX Release Notes describe what is new, changed, or obsolete within an HP-UX release as compared with previous releases. HP-UX Release Notes apply only to features that are included as part of the HP-UX operating system or one of the four new Operating Environments. Operating Environments are discussed later in this Chapter under “Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release”.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i What’s In the Remaining Chapters? What’s In the Remaining Chapters? Here is a listing of the remaining chapters of these Release Notes: • Chapter 2, Superdome Systems, which deals with Hewlett-Packard’s new high-performance HP-UX server environment. • Chapter 3, Workstation/Server Specific Information, which presents information on which platforms support the 11i release and other platform-specific information.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i What’s In the Remaining Chapters? deals with information that will be of interest to localizers or international users of HP-UX.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Where Should I Begin? Where Should I Begin? This document contains information about the release of HP-UX called 11i (in this document referred to as “HP-UX 11i” or just "11i"). Also included in this document is information on changes to HP-UX that occurred after the last major system release, HP-UX 11.0, and which have been incorporated in HP-UX 11i.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release HP-UX 11i provides new hardware enablement, additional software functionality, and various HP-UX applications bundled into an Operating Environment. It is the recommended next-level enterprise release for all HP-UX systems currently running HP-UX 10.x or 11.0. Installing or updating to HP-UX 11i will require at least a 4GB root disk and a minimum of 64MB of memory.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release The HP-UX Operating Environment (OE) Beginning with HP-UX 11i, the operating system is delivered as part of the HP-UX Operating Environment (OE). An Operating Environment is an integrated and tested software solution containing the operating system and selected applications. The following software bundles are always delivered with an Operating Environment.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Overview of the HP-UX 11i Release • HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE which contains the HP-UX 11i OE and additional applications to enable an enterprise-level server. Products include OnLineJFS 3.3, GlancePlus, MirrorDisk/UX, and other applications. • HP-UX 11i Mission Critical OE which contains both the HP-UX 11i OE and the HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE plus applications to enable a mission-critical server, such as MC/ServiceGuard and Workload Manager.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Migrating from Previous HP-UX Releases Migrating from Previous HP-UX Releases You can cold install HP-UX 11i on any supported system listed in Chapter 2. However, to update to 11i, you must first be running either HP-UX 10.20 or 11.0. If you wish to update to 11i from any other version of HP-UX than 10.20 or 11.0, please see the “HP-UX 11i Installation and Update Guide”, part no. B2355-90703, for information on supported migration paths.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Where Else Can I Find Present and Previous Versions of the Release Notes? Where Else Can I Find Present and Previous Versions of the Release Notes? Release Notes are found in the following: • HP Instant Information CD-ROM. See “HP-UX 11i Instant Information CD-ROM” in the next section for more information. • The /usr/share/doc/ directory, once 11i is installed on your system. Both ASCII and HTML files (11iRelNotes.txt and 11iRelNotes.html) are included.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Other Sources of Information on HP-UX 11i Other Sources of Information on HP-UX 11i In addition to these Release Notes, you have many other sources of information available to you. README Documents A README document contains information about the installation process that may not appear in the installation manual. Any product may have a README document, so you may have available several README documents.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Other Sources of Information on HP-UX 11i HP-UX operating system. It includes information on system administration, networking, the X Window System, and so on. The HP Documentation Web Site Hewlett-Packard provides a web site where the latest HP-UX documentation and updates are available. The site can be accessed through http://docs.hp.com.
Overview of Release Notes for HP-UX 11i Other Sources of Information on HP-UX 11i 32 Chapter 1
2 Superdome Systems Chapter 2 33
Superdome Systems Introduction (new) Introduction (new) Hewlett-Packard’s new Superdome systems provide a highly configurable, high-performance HP-UX server environment. A major new feature of Superdome servers is partitions. This capability allows you to configure a single Superdome server as either one large system or as multiple smaller systems. Because partitions are managed through software, you can reconfigure a server without physically modifying the server’s hardware configuration.
Superdome Systems New Superdome Systems at HP-UX 11i (new) New Superdome Systems at HP-UX 11i (new) The following three new models are fully supported: • Superdome 16-way -- model string SD16000 • Superdome 32-way -- model string SD32000 • Superdome 64-way -- model string SD64000 Each model has the following identical features: • PCX-W+ (PA-8600), 550 Mhz processors • 0.
Superdome Systems Superdome Machine Identifier (new) Superdome Machine Identifier (new) The uname -i command on your Superdome systems may not return a unique value for each system. To guarantee compatibility on current and future platforms, use the new interfaces to getconf (1) and confstr (3C) to retrieve unique machine identifiers. These interfaces are documented in the manpages and in Chapter 13, Programming, of this document.
Superdome Systems Superdome Partitions (new) Superdome Partitions (new) HP-UX 11i is the first operating system release for the new Superdome platform. Superdome systems’ hardware and firmware and HP-UX 11i allow a system to be configured into multiple partitions that consist of one or more cells. A cell contains a maximum of four CPUs, a maximum of 16GB of memory, plus I/O bridges and peripherals. Adding cells to, or removing cells from, a partition will require a reboot.
Superdome Systems Superdome Systems’ Enablement (new) Superdome Systems’ Enablement (new) HP Superdome Systems’ Hardware Path Format The HP-UX hardware path on HP Superdome systems is provided in the format described here. The HP-UX command ioscan reports the hardware paths for components within the partition in which the command is issued. Note that the ioscan command reports information only for the currently active hardware components in the local partition.
Superdome Systems Superdome Systems’ Enablement (new) g The device-specific address such as a SCSI controller (initiator). Refer to the ioscan (1M) manpage for details on using ioscan to list hardware path information. This hardware path format is used only on Superdome systems. hd_fabric Driver The HP-UX 11i install kernel does not include a /stand/system entry for hd_fabric, a new 11i driver. However, this entry is added to the system file as part of the installation process on Superdome systems.
Superdome Systems New and Modified Superdome Commands (new) New and Modified Superdome Commands (new) Seven new system administration commands are provided with HP-UX 11i for creating and maintaining partitions on all Superdome systems. Additionally, the existing commands shutdown, reboot, and setboot have been modified to support Superdome platforms.
Superdome Systems New and Modified Superdome Commands (new) a “ready to reconfig” state and reboot automatically. The -H option is used to shut down the system to a “ready to reconfig” state but without rebooting. The “ready to reconfig” state is the state that a partition must be put into before new cells that have been assigned to the partition can be active or to complete the removal of cells that have been unassigned from the partition. (A normal reboot will not activate newly assigned cells.
Superdome Systems New and Modified Superdome Commands (new) path." The case where both the Autosearch and Autoboot flags are “on” will not work as expected until the path flags for the alternate paths are set appropriately through the BCH. In the default case, specifying setboot -b on -s on will not cause an alternate path to be automatically booted when the primary path fails. Instead the user will be prompted.
Superdome Systems Partition Manager (parmgr) (new) Partition Manager (parmgr) (new) Partition Manager (parmgr) is a new system administration tool that supports the initial and ongoing configuration of Superdome systems and also provides extensive information about the status of a Superdome complex. Partition Manager can be launched from SAM or directly from the command line.
Superdome Systems Partition Manager (parmgr) (new) NOTE Partition Manager includes online help that is displayable within a web browser. In this release of Partition Manager, the online help will only display correctly in the Netscape web browser, version 4 or later. An appropriate version of Netscape is included in the Operating Environment (OE) bundle that is shipped with this release of HP-UX. Please install the OE bundle on any machine running Partition Manager for full access to the online help.
Superdome Systems Guardian Service Processor (GSP) Guardian Service Processor (GSP) See “Guardian Service Processor (GSP)” on page 52 in Chapter 3.
Superdome Systems Guardian Service Processor (GSP) 46 Chapter 2
3 Workstation/Server Specific Information Chapter 3 47
Workstation/Server Specific Information Systems That Are Fully Supported (new) Systems That Are Fully Supported (new) HP-UX 11i continues to support both a 32-bit and 64-bit version of the HP-UX kernel. The tables below outline the supported HP-UX 11i configuration for HP 9000 servers and workstations. NOTE The information in the following tables is subject to change. For the most up-to-date data, refer to the following Web site: http://devresource.hp.com/STK/hpux_faq.html.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Systems That Are Fully Supported (new) The following D-Class systems support HP-UX 11i 64-bit operation: Table 3-2 Model D-Class Support for 11i 64-bit CPU Speed (MHz) 32/64 bit Minimum Firmware Revision D270/370 PA8000 160 Both 38.27 or later D280/380 PA8000 180 Both 38.27 or later D390 PA8200 240 Both 38.
Workstation/Server Specific Information HP-UX V-Class Changes (new) HP-UX V-Class Changes (new) Single-Bit Memory Error Handling Enhancement Single-bit memory errors will now be handled exclusively by memlogd. This allows the system to remove lockable pages that experience repeated single-bit memory errors. These pages are dynamically removed from the kernel’s list of free pages and the system uses the Page Deallocation Table to remove them at boot time.
Workstation/Server Specific Information SCSI Interface Driver scsi_c720 SCSI Interface Driver scsi_c720 The following changes are available for the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) on the platforms mentioned below: • Added support for the Dual Port UltraII Symbios SCSI Host Bus Adapter (HBA), also referred to as the “SCSI controller” on the N4000 and the A400 and A500. The A180 and A180C, B-, C-, and J-Class models/systems can use this card.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Guardian Service Processor (GSP) Guardian Service Processor (GSP) The Guardian Service Processor (GSP) is a new console subsystem on N4000, all L-Class models, the new A-Class machines (the A400 and A500), Superdome systems, and all new servers introduced starting with the N-Class. The GSP console driver, the software component of the GSP, provides the following features on HP-UX: Local console port provides system console while HP-UX is running.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Guardian Service Processor (GSP) The new subsystem requires HP-UX to provide more information than was provided on previous platforms. HP-UX will continue to output the same chassis-codes and forward-progress indicators that have been provided in previous releases. On the above and subsequent systems, however, the codes are displayed on the Virtual Front Panel (VFP) of the system. Most of the existing four-hex digit chassis codes are enclosed in GSP-specific encoding.
Workstation/Server Specific Information N4000 Server Functionality N4000 Server Functionality This section describes 11i functionality to enable HP 9000 models HP N4000 mid-range servers.
Workstation/Server Specific Information N4000 Server Functionality • Context Dependent I/O module (CDIO) Because of the hierarchal dependency requirements of some platform modules, not all new platform code is handled by PSMs. The following CDIOs are included in HP-UX: — — — — CB CDIO LBA CDIO PCI CDIO PCItoPCI CDIO Impact on Legacy Systems Legacy system users will see minimal impact in their applications or system administration tools due to the changes in the platform infrastructure.
Workstation/Server Specific Information N4000 Server Functionality PCItoPCI 0 pa_generic_psm 0 pa_psm 0 pat_psm sapic 0 sba 0 $DRIVER_DEPENDENCY table: core pa_psm pa_generic_psm sio pa_psm pa_generic_psm wsio pat_psm core DlkmDrv lba pci sapic PCItoPCI GSCtoPCI pci PCItoPCI asp lasi The /stand/system file contains the following entries: ************************************************ * Bus-Dependent subsystems ***************************************************** * lba ********************************
Workstation/Server Specific Information N4000 Server Functionality SBA PSM The SBA PSM detects and configures the system bus adapter hardware and translates addresses between the Merced bus and the underlying LBA. The SBA PSM supports system bus adapters on all N4000 systems. It is active and visible to users on N4000 systems. SAPIC PSM The SAPIC PSM manages line-based interrupts. This configurable software module handles interrupts routed through the I/O SAPICs.
Workstation/Server Specific Information N4000 Server Functionality the base address registers. On N4000 systems, the firmware programs only the boot and console devices. The PCI CDIO must program the remaining devices, using information provided by firmware to the operating system (PAT PSM gets this for PCI). The N4000 disassociates interrupt routing/handling from the platformspecific bus adapter.
Workstation/Server Specific Information ttytype(1) Support for the N4000 Console ttytype(1) Support for the N4000 Console The ttytype (1) command has been enhanced to support the N4000 console. However, there are no user-visible changes in the behavior of the command. A new ioctl()call is added to the command to query the Guardian Service Processor (GSP) console driver for the TERM identity. If the ioctl()call fails, ttytype will continue with the existing terminal identification process.
Workstation/Server Specific Information New stty(1) Options New stty(1) Options Two new options have been added to the stty command to support the console on the N4000, L-Class and N-Class systems: +queryGSP Query the status of the GSP (Guardian Service Processor). +resetGSP Reset the GSP of the console. Typically, you might use +queryGSP if you are getting no response at the console or +resetGSP if the console locks up.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations Workstations Workstation Graphics Support Graphics Software Support The OpenGL, Starbase, HP PEXlib and HP-PHIGS 3D APIs are fully supported on HP 9000 PA-RISC workstations and selected servers. This software includes the run-time and programming environment packages for the 3D graphics APIs named above, plus additional software for technical computing environments.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations Workstation Firmware Requirements Most workstations supporting 11.0 do not require a firmware upgrade to run HP-UX 11i. However, note the following recommendations for 64-bit operation: System Minimum Firmware Latest Firmware Revision Revision B1000 2.3 3.1 C200, C240, C200, C240 4.3 6.0 C360 1.0 1.1 C3000 2.3 3.1 J280, J282 2.1 2.4 J2240 1.2 1.9 J5000, J7000 2.3 3.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations allows users to take advantage of the increased (approximately 3GB) process data space available with this release. Also on factory Instant Ignition, Ignite-UX automatically configures the kernel with the appropriate new CAE kernel parameter set: • CAE/ME/General Eng. Workstation 64-bit Kernel, or • CAE/ME/General Eng. Workstation 32-bit Kernel Via SAM, you can apply tuned kernel parameter settings by selecting one of these new sets: • CAE/ME/General Eng.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations fs_async 1 CAE/ME/General Eng.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations maxtsiz maxssiz shmmax ninode maxuprc npty nstrpty maxswapchunks create_fastlinks fs_async vps_ceiling dbc_max_pct dbc_min_pct 0x40000000 0x04FB3000 0x40000000 4000 256 200 200 4096 1 1 64 15 15 X Window System (X11 R6) Run-Time Libraries on Workstations This release provides workstation support for 64-bit X Window System shared library (stack). The following X and Motif libraries are available in 64-bits: libMrm.a libXm.4 libICE.2 libSM.2 libX11.
Workstation/Server Specific Information Workstations 66 Chapter 3
4 HP-UX 11i Operating Environments Chapter 4 67
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment Bundles (new) HP-UX 11i Operating Environment Bundles (new) The HP-UX 11i release is available in one of the following Operating Environment (OE) software bundles: • HP-UX 11i Operating Environment • HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE • HP-UX 11i Mission Critical OE • HP-UX 11i Technical Computing OE You can choose the HP-UX 11i OE software bundle that is best suited for your computing environment.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment Bundles (new) Table 4-1 Operating Environment Application Contents Application HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (servers) HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE (servers) Mission Critical OE (servers) Technical Computing OE (server & workstations) HP MLIB (Math) Library NO NO NO YES HP Message Parsing Interface (MPI) NO NO NO YES HP Visualize Conference NO NO NO YES HP-UX Runtime Environment for Java 2 YES YES YES YES HP-UX Support
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment Bundles (new) Table 4-1 Operating Environment Application Contents Application HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (servers) HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE (servers) Mission Critical OE (servers) Technical Computing OE (server & workstations) Selectable Network Drivers (selectable) YES YES YES YES WebQoS on HP-UX Packaged Edition (selectable) YES YES YES NO 70 Chapter 4
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) The HP-UX 11i Operating Environment consists of the HP-UX operating system, the 11i Operating Environment (OE) software bundle, and additional applications and drivers that you can selectively install.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) 10.20. This version of the Apache Web Server is a 32-bit product with 128-bit strong encryption. Apache SSL connections use a default dummy certificate provided by HP. NOTE You must obtain certificates from HP authorized agencies for commercial purposes, and make the necessary changes in httpd.conf to use the desired certificates.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) 3. In the View menu, go to Change Software View and select Start With Products. The products that are available will display for your selection. 4. Select Apache. 5. Go to the Actions menu and select Install. The installation paths are /opt/apache and /opt/tomcat. NOTE By default, swinstall does not reinstall filesets if the same revision already exists on your system.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) is the Microsoft protocol for remote file access. CIFS is built into the operating system of all recent Windows systems including Windows 95, 98, NT 4.0, and 2000. By providing both server and client, CIFS/9000 provides file and print interoperability for environments with a mix of UNIX and Windows platforms.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) HP-UX 11i Operating Environment. This release has all the features found in earlier versions in addition to new functionality, defect repairs and support for new hardware configurations. The EMS Version A.03.20.01 is a minor release, with minor changes and defect fixes. The contents of EMS releases A.03.00 through A.03.10 have been incorporated, together with all A.03.10 patches. Size Requirements • The disk space requirement is 2.75MB.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) NOTE For information on the HP-UX Software Developer’s Kit (SDK), for the Java 2 Platform, see: http://hp.com/go/java. This release is a maintenance release that provides many defect fixes. The previous release was 1.2.2.03. Impact See “Execute Protected Stacks (new)” for the impact to Java of the new Execute Protected Stacks feature.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) Impact The HP-UX Support Tools have been modified to support new products, such as, Superdome systems. With HP-UX 11i, the Support Tools are automatically installed when the Operating Environment bundle is installed from the HP-UX 11i Operating Environment CD. It is no longer necessary to load the Support Tools from the Support Plus Media. The Support Plus Media, also containing the Support Tools, will continue to be distributed.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) Notes, and the EMS Hardware Monitors: Release Notes. These publications are available on the web at: http://docs.hp.com/ This site also has tutorials, FAQs, Release Notes, and manuals documenting the Support Tools. Some documentation is available through other means, for example, the Support Plus CD and the HP-UX 11i Instant Information CD. However, the web pages should provide the latest information.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) management system calls related to deallocation and allocation of iCOD processors have been made. These changes affect the system calls pstat_getdynamic and mpctl. pstat_getdynamic returns the number of active processors in pst_dynamic.psd_proc_cnt. Previously, it was always the same as pst_dynamic.psd_max_proc_cnt. The pst_dynamic.psd_proc_cnt field now excludes deactivated processors.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) MPC_GETNUMSPUS returns the number of activated processors, whereas previously, the function did not check whether the processor is deactivated before incrementing the count. MPC_GETFIRSTSPU returns the first activated processor. MPC_GETNEXTSPU returns the next activated processor and will skip deactivated ones. MPC_GETNUMSPUS, MPC_GETFIRSTSPU & MPC_GETNEXTSPU takes into account deactivated processors.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) measurement software will correctly measure the active processors only. MeasureWare and GlancePlus fall in the category of working correctly. The system call pstat_getdynamic() returns a structure which contains the fields psd_proc_cnt. This field was previously always equal to psd_max_proc_cnt. However, now that processors can be deallocated, psd_proc_cnt can be less than psd_max_proc_cnt.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) NOTE For information on the Runtime Plug-in for HP-UX, Java Edition, see: http://hp.com/go/java. For HP-UX 11i, the Runtime Plug-in is packaged as a standalone product. The size of the Runtime Environment for Java 2 .depot file has been reduced considerably by removing the Plug-in and offering it as a separate downloadable file. Netscape Communicator Netscape Communicator Version 4.7x (B.11.11.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) The PAM service modules were implemented as a shared library, libpam_krb5.1. This library is built by linking with libkrb5.1, and is therefore not dependent on the libsys.sl library. The HP-UX 11i implementation of Kerberos Version 5 protocol provides enterprise-wide strong user authentication.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) NOTE PAM Kerberos is not thread safe. Coexistence Issues PAM Kerberos (libpam_krb5.1) and PAM DCE (libpam_dce.1) plug-in modules can not be stacked together in the pam.conf file because of different principal styles and credential file paths. If so stacked, the results will be unpredictable. The Kerberos system ftp service may list the /etc/issue file before the expected output. The sis (5) manpage provides detailed information.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) • ServiceControl Manager adds HP-UX 11i support for the central management station (CMS) and managed nodes. • ServiceControl Manager adds HP-UX 10.20 support for managed nodes. • ServiceControl Manager now supports workstations as CMS/Managed nodes. Documentation The following changes apply for HP-UX 11i: • The mxtool (1) manpage has changed.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) Impact You must purchase Extranet Client Access Licenses to use the Netscape Directory Server for HP-UX if the directory contains any entries for Extranet Users. An Extranet User is an entry in the Netscape Directory that represents a person that is not an employee nor a full-time independent contractor of the company to which the Netscape Server is licensed. Contact your HP sales representative to purchase licenses.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Operating Environment (new) • EISA 10/100Base-TX card A4308B • EISA FDDI cards A3659A, B5502BA • EISA Token Ring card J2165B WebQoS Peak on HP-UX Packaged Edition (J4274AA) (selectable) The HP Web Quality of Service (WebQoS) Peak Packaged Edition Version B.01.02.06 is a web-based solution that provides the quality of service needed to maintain your web applications. This product is now available on HP-UX 11i. There are no new features for this release.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) The HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment provides a superset of features available in the HP-UX 11i Operating Environment. Targeted especially for database servers, this OE includes these additional applications: • GlancePlus Pak • High Availability Monitors • MirrorDisk/UX • OnLineJFS 3.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) High Availability Monitors The High Availability (HA) Monitors Version A.03.20.01 product includes database monitors, disk monitors, and Management Information Base (MIB) monitors that can be used to set up notifications of changes in status for the important objects in a high availability cluster environment. High Availability Monitors A.03.20.01 is being released for use with the HP-UX 11.0 and HP-UX 11i.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) Beginning with HP-UX 11i, LVM mirroring automatically enables SLVM for a two-node environment supporting both non-SLVM and SLVM environments. All LVM systems can mirror their data on disk, and the mirrored copy of the data is also accessible from a two-node cluster. Impact There are no changes to the LVM command interface to enable LVM mirroring in the SLVM environment.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) PRM provides a shares model of distributing resources instead of static percentages. This model facilitates configuration changes. PRM groups can be nested, allowing for more convenient partitioning. Memory is controlled in the kernel, through the prm2d daemon, rather than in user space, through the prm0d daemon. The syntax for memory records is essentially the same.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment (new) Compatibility Issues PRM can be used with any 11.x version of GlancePlus. Documentation The following documentation is revised for HP-UX 11i: • The HP Process Resource Manager User’s Guide and the HP Process Resource Manager (PRM) Release Notes are available on the HP-UX 11i Instant Information CD and on the web at: http://docs.hp.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) The HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment is a high availability Operating Environment for HP 9000 servers. It is a superset of the HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) Installation Requirements The disk space requirement is 1.2MB. Documentation The new toolkit for Oracle 8i Standby Database includes a README file, /opt/cmcluster/toolkit/SGOSB/README-CC, which explains how to use the toolkit for data replication in a Continental Cluster. HP-UX Workload Manager HP-UX Workload Manager (WLM) Version A.01.00.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) HP-UX WLM uses a configuration file specifying workloads and their prioritized service-level objectives (SLOs). HP-UX WLM automatically allocates CPU resources to the workloads based on priorities and current performance. Installation Requirements HP-UX WLM requires 9MB of disk space and 5MB of memory. Compatibility Issues HP-UX WLM can be used with any 11.x version of GlancePlus.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) NOTE When you purchase the Mission Critical OE, it is assumed that you want MC/ServiceGuard, NOT ServiceGuard OPS Edition. MC/ServiceGuard and ServiceGuard OPS Edition cannot coexist on the same system. Users of ServiceGuard OPS Edition are encouraged to purchase and install the Enterprise OE and then install ServiceGuard OPS Edition. For detailed installation information, see the ServiceGuard OPS Edition Version A.11.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) NOTE For the 11i, MC/ServiceGuard does not provide Native Language Support. However, separate Japanese language versions of documentation are available as a part of product B3935BA with option ABJ and product B3936BJ. Documentation The following topics are included in the MC/ServiceGuard Version A.11.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) However, before setting up MC/ServiceGuard NFS, you should set up the MC/ServiceGuard cluster. For instructions see Managing MC/ServiceGuard available on the HP-UX 11i Instant Information CD and on the web at: http://docs.hp.com/ MC/ServiceGuard is used to create high availability clusters of HP 9000 servers.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Mission Critical Operating Environment (new) Hardware Requirements You can use MC/ServiceGuard NFS only in a MC/ServiceGuard cluster with 8 nodes or fewer. Data disks associated with a MC/ServiceGuard NFS package must be external disks. All the nodes that support the MC/ServiceGuard NFS package must have access to the external disks. For most disks, this means that the disks must be attached to a shared bus that is connected to all nodes that support the package.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) The HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment includes these applications: • Apache Web Server (see “Apache Web Server for HP-UX”) • CIFS/9000 Client and CIFS/9000 Server (see “CIFS/9000 Client and CIFS/9000 Server”) • Event Monitoring Service (EMS) (see “Event Monitoring Service (EMS)”) • FirstSpace Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) Viewer • HP
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) HP 3D Technology for the Java Platform The HP 3D Technology for the Java Platform Version 1.1.3a contains the classes for creating 3D applications. The HP 3D Technology for the Java Platform may be distributed with your Java applications as long as you adhere to the terms of the LICENSE file. Vendors also need to include an installer.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) • Improved performance of key routines • Improved C and C++ usability Impact HP MLIB incorporates algorithmic improvements, and several tunable parameters are adjusted for good execution performance. You can use HP MLIB as archive or shared libraries. Performance of your applications is better when you use archive libraries.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) Refer to the http://hp.com/go/mlib web site for additional product information. HP Message-Passing Interface (MPI) HP Message-Passing Interface (MPI) Version B.11.11 is a high-performance implementation of the Message-Passing Interface Standard. HP MPI complies fully with the 1.2 standard and partially with the 2.0 standard.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) Documentation The following HP MPI documentation is provided for 11i: • The HP MPI User’s Guide (revised) and the HP MPI Release Notes (revised) available on the HP-UX 11i Instant Information CD and on the web at: http://docs.hp.com/ • Manpages (revised) • Refer to http://hp.com/go/mpi for the HP MPI Release Notes and other product information. HP Visualize Conference HP Visualize Conference Version 1.4 (B.11.11.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) • TrueColor Application Sharing • NetMeeting 3 Application Sharing and Control • Microsoft variant of the T.
HP-UX 11i Operating Environments HP-UX 11i Technical Computing Operating Environment (new) 106 Chapter 4
5 I/0 and Networking Cards Chapter 5 107
I/0 and Networking Cards Online Addition and Replacement of I/O Adapters (new) Online Addition and Replacement of I/O Adapters (new) Online Addition and Replacement (or OLAR) of PCI I/O cards (adapters) is a new HP-UX software feature that allows for adding and replacing PCI I/O cards while a system is running, eliminating the need to reboot. This feature enhances an overall high availability solution since the system can remain active while an I/O adapter is being added or replaced.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) Network Drivers (new) New Network Driver btlan Pre-Installed in the HP-UX 11i Operating Environment The networking driver for HP-UX 11i has been simplified and is now easier to install and upgrade. The PCI and HSC-based Fast Ethernet network and I/O cards supported by drivers btlan, btlan3, btlan4, btlan5 and btlan6 have been combined into a single driver called btlan. This new driver is pre-installed as part of the kernel.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) Files Changed The following files have changed to include the new btlan driver name: (these are mostly just name changes): • kernel library is now called /usr/conf/libbtlan.a • nettl formatter/catalog files (no change except instead of btlan3, btlan4, btlan5, btlan, or btlan6, it will just refer to btlan) • debug/q4 • lanscan/lanadmin support libraries/catalog files now have names to reflect btlan such as libdsbtlan.a, dsbtlan.cat, etc.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) • PCI 10/100Base-TX card B5509BA for workstations • PCI TachyonTL Fiber Channel card A5158A • PCI FDDI card A3739B • PCI RAID card A5856A • HSC 10/100Base-TX card J3514A opt #001 2-port for K-Class servers • HSC 10/100Base-FX (fiber) card J3514A opt #002 2-port for K-Class servers • HSC 10/100Base-TX card J3515A 1-port for workstations and D-Class servers • HSC 10/100Base-TX card J3516A opt #001 2-port for workstations and D-Class servers • HSC 10/100Base-FX (f
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) NOTE The configuration files used by the PCI and HSC-based Fast Ethernet networking drivers must be combined, either by use of a script or manually, into one configuration file before upgrading to HP-UX 11i. The configuration files used by the above drivers in HP-UX 10.20 and 11.0 — hpbtlanconf (btlan), hpbase100conf (btlan3), hpgsc100conf (btlan4), hppci100conf (btlan5) and hpsppci100conf (btlan6) which are in the /etc/rc.config.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) the prompt Do you want to proceed in merging the configuration files into one[Y|N]. The five files to merge, which may exist in the /etc/rc.config.d directory are:1) hpbtlanconf (btlan); 2) hpbase100conf (btlan3); 3) hpgsc100conf (btlan4); 4) hppci100conf (btlan5); and 5) hpsppci100conf (btlan6) Manual Merging Procedure 1.Find out which of the five configuration files as listed above exists in the /etc/rc.config.d directory. 2.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) # HP_BTLAN_SPEED Speed and duplex mode # # The interface name, major number, card instance and ppa may be # obtained from the lanscan (1m) command. # The station address and speed are set through the lanadmin command.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) 1. Copy the value of the interface name into the parameter HP_BTLAN_INTERFACE_NAME. Copy the value of the station address into the parameter HP_BTLAN_STATION_ADDRESS. 2. If the SPEED parameter exists, and if its value (lowercase or uppercase) is 100FD or 100HD, 10FD or 10HD, or auto_on; copy the value into the HP_BTLAN_SPEED parameter.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) The PCI Gigabit Ethernet cards are for use on: • V2200, V2250, V2500, V2600, L1000, L2000, A180, and N4000 servers running the HP-UX 11i operating system, and • B-, C-, and J-Class workstations running the HP-UX 10.20, 11.0, and HP-UX 11i operating systems. NOTE Refer to “Managing PCI Cards with OLA.R” in the Configuring HP-UX for Peripherals manual for information on doing online addition and replacement of any Gigabit Ethernet cards.
I/0 and Networking Cards Network Drivers (new) supported. (HP-UX 11.0 on these workstations supports multiple adapters.) • MC/ServiceGuard is not supported on A-180 servers running HP-UX 10.20.
I/0 and Networking Cards Known Problems with HP-PB and EISA 10/100Base-TX/9000 Known Problems with HP-PB and EISA 10/100Base-TX/9000 The EISA and HP-PB 10/100Base-TX drivers do not implement the functionality to change SNMP MIB ifAdmin status.
I/0 and Networking Cards EISA Interface Cards Are Not 64-bit Compatible EISA Interface Cards Are Not 64-bit Compatible HP-UX 11i 64-bit operation does not include support for EISA interface cards; however, they are supported on the 32-bit operating system. System configurations that include the following EISA interfaces cannot be configured to run HP-UX 11i 64-bit: J2482A 8-port MUX J2483A 64-port MUX A2679A Single-Ended SCSI-2 interface A3658A 100BaseT adapter J2165A/B 802.
I/0 and Networking Cards Performance Enhancements to the HSC FDDI Driver Performance Enhancements to the HSC FDDI Driver HP-UX 11i includes code that enhances the HSC FDDI driver. These driver modifications increase performance of the FDDI link by up to 20%. The performance enhancement was done by making the driver MBLK-based, whereas previously it was MBUF-based. Other code-path and function-call reductions have further improved performance and scalability.
6 Installation Chapter 6 121
Installation Cold Install Changes (new) Cold Install Changes (new) The HP-UX operating system is now delivered in bundles; see “The HP-UX Operating Environment (OE)” in Chapter 1 for details. HP-UX 11i can be cold-installed with or without an Operating Environment (OE). HP strongly recommends installing a complete OE. If you choose to install without an OE, a minimum OS installation must include the following bundles: HPUXBase32 or HPUXBase64, HPUXBaseAux, and OnlineDiag.
Installation Ignite-UX Changes (new) Ignite-UX Changes (new) Ignite-UX Version B.3.0 Ignite-UX (IUX) Version B.3.0 is an HP-UX administration toolset to help you install and configure or recover HP-UX systems. The complete Ignite-UX product, with support for HP-UX 11i, 11.0 and 10.20, is available on the first CD of the 11i OE media kit. NOTE Ignite-UX will not be installed by default when updating the entire operating system from 10.20 or 11.00 to 11i even if the system currently is an Ignite-UX server.
Installation Ignite-UX Changes (new) Version B supports the 64MB IUX servers and HP-UX machines; Version A supports 32MB IUX servers and HP-UX machines. Table 6-1 Ignite-UX 11i Version B vs Version A Support Version B Version A IUX Revision Number B.3.0 A.3.0 HP-UX Releases Supported 10.20, 11.0 or higher 10.01, 10.10 and 10.20 HP-UX Releases Supporting IUX Servers & Systems 11.0 or higher 10.01, 10.10 and 10.
Installation update-ux Command Replaces swgettools (new) update-ux Command Replaces swgettools (new) You update an existing HP-UX 10.20 or 11.0 system to 11i using the new update-ux command. This command replaces swgettools to perform OS updates beginning at 11i. With it, you can also add a new Operating Environment (OE), change an OE, or change the OS word-width from 32to 64-bit on appropriate systems.
Installation Software Distributor (SD) (new) Software Distributor (SD) (new) Many changes have been implemented in Software Distributor since 11.0. The following sections detail the changes. Also see Chapter 12 for additional Software Distributor information. Multiple Target Management Capabilities Enabled As part of the ServiceControl Manager integration, capabilities previously only available through the OpenView Software Distributor version of SD have been enabled.
Installation Software Distributor (SD) (new) The 11i default behavior is to not show superseded patches. This can be overcome, returning to 11.0 standard behavior, by setting -x show_superseded_patches=true on the swlist command line or in the defaults files. Determining 64-bit Capability from System, Not .supported_bits In 11.0, SD reads the /etc/.supported_bits file to map model strings to either 32, 32/64, or 64 bit capability.
Installation Software Distributor (SD) (new) The new 11i behavior provides a product-level view where you see which software is matched. After inspecting the results of the automatic selection, you can continue with the installation or change the view back to a bundle level. See “SD-UX Changes to Patch Installation” for details.
Installation Software Distributor (SD) (new) Message Changes Many error, warning, and information messages have been removed from or changed in the SD log files. These changes are to eliminate unnecessary messages and to make remaining messages more useful in diagnosing the problem or condition being recorded.
Installation Software Distributor (SD) (new) control_utils file New functionality has been added and defect repair has been done to the /usr/lbin/sw/control_utils file. Documentation on the control_utils functions can be found at http://software.hp.com/SD_AT_HP/Training under the link “Control Script Guidelines (CSG)”. The control_utils library is a collection of shell functions which can help packagers produce better software packages.
Installation SD-UX Changes to Patch Installation SD-UX Changes to Patch Installation The SD patch installation paradigm has changed for HP-UX 11i. To install patches on HP-UX 10.x systems, HP recommended that you use the match_target (Match What Target Has) option to match patches to the target. However, 10.x SD cannot identify specific software as patches. With HP-UX 11i, SD can recognize patches based on their “internal attributes.
Installation SD-UX Changes to Patch Installation Category Tag Information With 11i, SD category tags are used to identify types of patches. These category tags can be used to select various patches for installation. Some of the category tags are: general_release critical hardware_enablement defect_repair corruption enhancement memory_leak panic halts_system By specifying the category (c) tag in the SD version specification, you can select all patches that contain that specific category tag.
Installation SD-UX Changes to Patch Installation Clicking the Filter... button will display a list of the predefined category tags already formatted for use in the Filter... field. Selecting the desired category tag from this list and then selecting OK will add that, and only that, category tag to the Filter... field. Also shown under the Filter... field is the list of all category tags found in the source depot.
Installation set_parms Enhanced (new) set_parms Enhanced (new) The set_parms program is a GUI/TUI interface that normally runs only the first time any HP-UX system is booted after installation if hostname/networking information has not been set up in advance. For HP-UX 11i, set_parms has been enhanced to allow the selection of which networking interface to set up. In prior releases, set_parms would pick the lowest numbered LAN interface to configure in the absence of any other information.
7 General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Chapter 7 135
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring uname (1) Outputs B.11.11 uname (1) Outputs B.11.11 The uname (1) command for identifying the version of HP-UX that your system is running will return the following version name on an 11i system: B.11.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) The /usr/sbin/sam command starts a menu-driven System Administration Manager (SAM) program that makes it easy to perform system administration tasks with only limited, specialized knowledge of the HP-UX operating system.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) kernel is rebuilt and the system is rebooted. • Added support for kernel logging. Kernel logging is a new feature for 11i. Through SAM, system administrators will be allowed to modify options associated with this feature, such as turning logging on and off, for many of the kernel subsystems (such as VxFS File System, virtual memory, etc.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) This change allows you to add or replace PCI cards online without requiring a reboot. SAM shows the I/O slot number and the OLAR driver state (active, suspended, error, not “OLAR-able”).
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) • Updated the software products supported by SAM that allow the user to configure a network printer that has a JetDirect interface card. • Removed obsolete JetDirect software (/usr/lib/admin/hpnpcfg) and added support for the new HP JetDirect Printer Installer (/opt/hpnpl/admin/hppi) software. You can now use SAM to configure a network printer using the new HP JetDirect Printer Installer.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Changes to System Administration Manager (SAM) (new) optional ports that can be used to connect terminals, modems and Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS). SAM has been modified to aid in the configuration of these optional ports. SAM allows you to launch the Partition Manager (parmgr), the new system administration tool that supports the initial and ongoing configuration of Superdome systems.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring HP Distributed Print Service Deprecated (new) HP Distributed Print Service Deprecated (new) The HP Distributed Print Service (HPDPS) print environment is being deprecated at 11i and will be removed in a future release. HPDPS, however, will continue to be supported for HP-UX 11.0 and 10.20 until further notice. Four options are available for print services in 11i: 1. the LP spooler which is part of the HP-UX operating system 2.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring CXperf Performance Monitoring Support CXperf Performance Monitoring Support This release supports the CXperf performance monitoring utility. CXperf is an optional product that is scheduled to be available on the HP-UX Application Release 03/2001 and later releases. This support includes a low-latency interface for monitoring performance. The interface does not significantly alter the performance of processes that are not being monitored.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring syslog File Logging Changes for su and login (new) syslog File Logging Changes for su and login (new) This change will only affect you if you write or use programs or scripts that parse the syslog file. The format of text messages logged in the syslog file by the su and login commands has changed slightly. Specifically, su events are now preceded by ‘su:’ and login events are now preceded by ‘login:’.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Process Resource Manager (PRM) Disk Bandwidth Control Process Resource Manager (PRM) Disk Bandwidth Control This release allows Process Resource Manager (PRM) to report and control disk I/O bandwidth per LVM device. Based on user configured priorities, PRM will reorder LVM disk queues to enforce the percentage of disk bandwidth a PRM group receives in an I/O-constrained environment. The functionality is documented in the PRM manpages.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Diagnostics: EMS Hardware Monitors Diagnostics: EMS Hardware Monitors The Event Monitoring System (EMS) Hardware Monitors allow you to monitor the operation of a wide variety of hardware products. When monitors encounter failure or other unusual events, they generate messages with Description, Cause and Action statements which can be used to prevent and reduce downtime caused by hardware failures.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring New Option for top(1) New Option for top(1) A new -h option to the top command is provided to suppress the individual CPU state information for multiprocessor systems. If the -h option is specified, only the average of all CPU activities will be displayed. The change enables top (1) to display more processes on a standard (80x24) screen without the screen being dominated by state information of individual CPUs.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Improved ioscan(1M) Description Field for PCI Devices Improved ioscan(1M) Description Field for PCI Devices The ioscan (1M) command displays I/O devices, memory modules, and CPUs in a tabular form for users. Previously, PCI interface cards were listed in the ioscan output by cryptic values in the ioscan description field. These values have been replaced by PCI device header fields which provide a clearer description for most (common) devices.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Improved ioscan(1M) Description Field for PCI Devices 8/0/1/0/4/0 8/0/1/0/5/0 8/0/1/0/5/0.1 8/0/1/0/5/0.1.0 lan ext_bus target disk PCI Ethernet (10110019) Ultra Wide SCSI HP C2247WD The ioscan -F option provides the same as well as additional information, separated by colons for parsing by scripts. This remains unchanged. Scripts can (and should) continue to use the -F option.
General System Administration and Performance Monitoring Improved ioscan(1M) Description Field for PCI Devices 150 Chapter 7
8 Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Chapter 8 151
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters HP-UX Gang Scheduling HP-UX Gang Scheduling This release includes the ability to "gang schedule" MPI (Message Passing Interface) applications and multi-threaded processes. The gang scheduler permits a set of MPI processes, or multiple threads from a single process, to be scheduled concurrently as a group. Only applications using the HP-UX 11.0 or later MPI or pthread libraries can be gang scheduled.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Kernel Threads vs. CMA Threads (new) Kernel Threads vs. CMA Threads (new) The CMA threads (libcma) package, which is POSIX P1003.1a (Draft 4) compliant, is based on Concert Multi Thread Architecture (CMA). CMA is a user level threads package in which thread scheduling and synchronization are handled within the user space without the kernel's assistance. CMA threads have been deprecated (slated for future obsolescence) at HP-UX 11i.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Kernel Threads vs. CMA Threads (new) documents that explain how to perform a source code or system transition. For more information see http://devresource.hp.com/STK/toc_trans.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters q4 and Dynamic Process and Thread Allocation q4 and Dynamic Process and Thread Allocation If you use q4, the HP-UX crash dump analyzer, you will want to know about the dynamic process and thread allocation changes to the kernel. Process and Thread Tables Removed There is no longer a process or thread table in HP-UX. Those static tables are replaced by flexible, dynamic structures.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters q4 and Dynamic Process and Thread Allocation and has simply been removed. The data that used to be stored there is replicated already in p_comm, which is correct and still exists. The array pst_cmds has been removed and replaced with a string pointer to the process field p_cmnd. The field is still limited to 64 characters, although this may be increased in a future release.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Large Private Data Space (new) Large Private Data Space (new) This change increases the amount of private data space available for a process. An additional 1 to 2GB of private address space is now supported for 32-bit programs (if enabled on a per process basis), at the expense of shared memory address space.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Large Private Data Space (new) Processes that enable a private 4th quadrant (q4p processes), will have no address space available for shared objects. This means that the process will not be able to use System V shared memory, shared mapped files, etc. Shared libraries will still work, although the kernel will map them private. Note that a q4p process implies that the 3rd quadrant is private also, i.e.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Memory Windows Memory Windows Running without memory windows, HP-UX has limitations for shared resources on 32-bit applications. All applications in the system are limited to a total of 1.75GB of shared memory, 2.75GB if compiled as SHMEM_MAGIC. In a system with 16GB of physical memory, only 1.75 can be used for shared resources.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Memory Windows failure as a compatibility failure as only the application owner or software provider can certify how and if an application can run under memory windows. Errors due to incorrect usage may be subtle and normally not associated with memory windows. In many cases software providers may have already certified their applications with memory windows. Contact HP to see if this is the case.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters HP-UX SCA Process and Memory Management (new) HP-UX SCA Process and Memory Management (new) For compatibility reasons, the HP-UX 11i release supports the Scalable Computing Architecture (SCA) programming, process management, and memory management features that were introduced at HP-UX 11.10 for the HP V-Class SCA servers. However, these features do not provide any potential performance benefits and no previous HP-UX SCA features have changed.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Dynamic Tunables (new) Dynamic Tunables (new) A new facility has been added which will allow the retrieving of all tunable values and the setting of a limited number of tunables. If a tunable is dynamic, a change will take place immediately, without the need to reboot the system. Such changes will persist across reboots.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Asynchronous Disk Pseudo Driver (async) Compatibility (new) Asynchronous Disk Pseudo Driver (async) Compatibility (new) The async driver is used mostly by databases for doing asynchronous I/O to the disk. Applications that use the async driver must be owned by the superuser, or by a user who is a member of a group for which the privileges include MLOCK.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters System-V IPC Message Queue Enhancement (new) System-V IPC Message Queue Enhancement (new) System-V IPC is the System-V InterProcess Communications package developed by AT&T and comprises mechanisms for arbitrary processes to send and receive data “messages”, share virtual address space, and use semaphores to synchronize execution. This enhancement applies only to the message subsystem.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters System-V IPC Message Queue Enhancement (new) Compatibility Issues This change allows execution of existing binary programs. However, as described in the msgget (2) and msgctl (2) manpages, if binaries built on pre-11i HP-UX are used, the queue should not be created in excess of 64KB. To ensure this, the programs which create the queue (that is, via the IPC_CREAT option to msgget should not be recompiled with the symbol “__BIGMSGQUEUE_ENABLED” defined.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters System-V IPC Message Queue Enhancement (new) Documentation Changes The msgget(2), msgctl(2), and glossary(9) manpages have been modified to reflect these changes.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters System-V IPC SEMMSL Dynamic Kernel Tunable (new) System-V IPC SEMMSL Dynamic Kernel Tunable (new) The System-V IPC kernel tunable configuration parameter SEMMSL, which sets the maximum number of semaphores per ID which can be grouped within a single System-V IPC semaphore set, has changed from from a hard-coded value of 2048 in kernel code to a dynamic kernel tunable. Its minimum and default value is 2048 while its upper limit is 10240.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters System-V IPC SEMMSL Dynamic Kernel Tunable (new) Performance Issues Some applications will be able to scale to utilize larger systems, where scaling depends upon the size of a semaphore set.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters SCSI Queue Depth Management (new) SCSI Queue Depth Management (new) If you have multiple active paths to a SCSI device (LUN), you might need to manage your device queue depths to maximize the device’s performance. This is particularly true with dynamic multi-pathing applications--such as EMC’s PowerPath application--which allow all multiple paths to a LUN to be in use simultaneously. In such cases, you should check the queue depth specified on each path.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters SCSI Queue Depth Management (new) via the SIOC_SET_LUN_LIMITS and SIOC_GET_LUN_LIMITS ioctl command or the scsictl command.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Changes to mpctl() System Call (new) Changes to mpctl() System Call (new) Some extensions are being made to mpctl() system call interface to pre-enable processor set functionality in HP-UX 11i release. The mpctl() interface provides command requests to query system information, like, total number of processors and locality domains in the system, and ID of all processors and locality domains.
Process, Threads, Memory, and Kernel Parameters Changes to mpctl() System Call (new) require any changes when the processor set functionality is made available. The mpctl()’s existing commands will return information about what processors are available for binding. When processor set functionality becomes available, if the system is not partitioned into more than one processor sets, no applications using the mpctl() interface with current command requests will be affected.
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New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Additional Support for Striping and Mirroring (new) Additional Support for Striping and Mirroring (new) LVM now supports striping and mirroring for shared volume groups. Previously under HP-UX 11.0, a volume group could not be activated in shared mode if any of its logical volumes were striped or mirrored. This restriction has now been lifted.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features New Version of Journaled File System (JFS) (new) New Version of Journaled File System (JFS) (new) HP-UX 11i includes a new version of the Journaled File System (JFS), version 3.3 as opposed to the previous version 3.1. (JFS is also known as the VERITAS File System or VxFS). New features in JFS 3.3 include: • support for access control lists (ACLs), the only HFS feature unavailable in JFS 3.1 (see aclv (5), getacl (1), setacl (1), acl (2), and aclsort (3C)).
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features New Version of Journaled File System (JFS) (new) system if there were file extents residing in the area being reduced. Now, JFS 3.3 with the version 4 disk layout, attempts to move extents off the area of the file system being reduced. This provides a greater chance of success when shrinking JFS file systems.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features New Version of Journaled File System (JFS) (new) tuning, JFS 3.3 outperforms HFS in all categories. JFS 3.3 includes a new command, vxtunefs, for tuning a VxFS file system. See vxtunefs (1M) and tunefstab (4). Also see the "HP JFS 3.3 and HP OnLineJFS 3.3 VERITAS File System 3.3 System Administrator's Guide" for information on tuning a JFS file system. NOTE The volcopy (1M) and labelit (1M) commands will be obsoleted in a future release.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Network File System Support for TCP/IP (new) Network File System Support for TCP/IP (new) Network File System (NFS) is now supported over the connection-oriented protocol, TCP/IP for NFS versions 2 and 3, in addition to running over User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP transport increases dependability on wide-area networks (WANs). Generally, packets are successfully delivered more consistently because TCP provides congestion control and error recovery.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Network File System Support for TCP/IP (new) nfsstat will now report TCP RPC statistics for both client and server. The TCP statistics will be under the connection-oriented tag and the UDP statistics will be under the connectionless-oriented tag. AutoFS will support the proto= option in the Automounter maps and will have the same behavior described above under the mount_nfs command. In the past, this was an invalid option.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Other NFS Changes Other NFS Changes Three additional features have been added to NFS: • Loopback transport support has been added to transport-independent RPC. • Automatic user-space thread generation has been enabled in the RPC library. • NFS server-side performance enhancements have been added. Loopback Transport Support Loopback transport provider devices (tlclts, tlcots, and tlcotsod) have been added to the TI-RPC definition file, /etc/netconfig.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Other NFS Changes be created when calling the RPC library. NFS Server-Side Performance Enhancements The NFS server daemon, /usr/sbin/nfsd, has been modified for performance reasons. The user may see more nfsd daemon processes running than requested based on the number requested and the number of processors configured. The change is documented in the nfsd (1M) manpage.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Mounting and Unmounting NFS File Systems Automatically Using AutoFS Mounting and Unmounting NFS File Systems Automatically Using AutoFS HP-UX 11i provides a daemon that mounts and unmounts NFS file systems automatically. This feature is known as AutoFS. AutoFS coexists with automount and performs the same functions as automount, but has a new, more reliable design. Additionally, AutoFS supports the NFS PV3 protocol whereas the automounter does not.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Mounting and Unmounting NFS File Systems Automatically Using AutoFS NOTE If you do not use this script, you need to remember which implementation of automatic NFS file mounting you are using. Starting both AutoFS and automounter can lead to problems accessing the remote file system. You must reboot to switch between AutoFS and the old automounter.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Mounting and Unmounting NFS File Systems Automatically Using AutoFS /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf. In this configuration, automounter will not mount file systems via the NFS version 3 protocol. For more information on how to migrate to AutoFS, see Chapter 2 in the Installing and Administering NFS Services manual. Configuration To enable AutoFS, you must add or set the AUTOFS variable to 1 in /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf.
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features HP Fibrechannel High Availability Disk and Closure HP Fibrechannel High Availability Disk and Closure The HP Fibrechannel High Availability Disk and Closure, also referred to as the FC10, is a Mass Storage Subsystem disk enclosure. This is the design center for Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop and future SCSI Enclosures (SES).
New and Changed Disk and File Management Features Fibre Channel Mass Storage Diagnostic Message and Kernel Tunable Fibre Channel Mass Storage Diagnostic Message and Kernel Tunable The Fibre Channel Mass Storage product will return the following diagnostic message if the disk device violates the Fibre Channel Standard: ECB_FRAME_RECV_BEFORE_ADISC You will see the this error message in the kernel log file.
10 Internet and Networking Services Chapter 10 187
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) Sendmail-8.9.3 A new version of sendmail, sendmail-8.9.3, is included with HP-UX 11i. This version provides additional features compared to the previous version. The sendmail-8.8.6 sendmail.cf file is compatible with the sendmail-8.9.3 binary. However, to take advantage of all the new features provided in this version, it is highly recommended that you use the default sendmail.
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) Used to allow eight bit header when set to TRUE. PrivacyOptions=noetrn The noetrn flag will disable the SMTP ETRN command that forces sendmail to process its queue asynchronously. PrivacyOptions=noverb The noverb flag will disable the SMTP VERB command that causes sendmail to enter the verbose mode and activate the deliver mode.
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) Server (DDNS). NOTE The Dynamic updates, however, are NOT secure, and you are advised to put security mechanisms in place before using this feature.
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) • If the configuration file named.boot already exists, create the new config file: /usr/bin/named-bootconf.pl named.boot > named.conf • If a BIND configuration file does not exist: execute hosts_to_named with appropriate options. New Configurable Resolver Options The timeout value is a function of the RES_RETRY and RES_RETRANS options of the resolver routines.
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) services. This limitation has been eliminated with the introduction of the “PAM-ized” modules. By PAM-izing rexec and remsh services, users belonging to other authenticating services like DCE Integrated Login can use the remsh and rexec services. /etc/pam.conf File Changes To use PAM-ized rexec and remsh, the following lines have to be added to the /etc/pam.conf file: rcomds auth required /usr/lib/security/libpam_unix.
Internet and Networking Services Base HP-UX Internet Services (new) To assign a name for every IP address, a new tag, “pcsn”, has been introduced. This tag is a Boolean tag. If set, the DHCP server gives priority to the name (if any) provided by the client. A name should be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). If the name provided by the client is NOT a FQDN, then the DHCP server will try to append the domain name (if set using the ‘dn’ tag) else it appends “.” and updates the DDNS.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) Network Transport (new) Network Transport includes ifconfig, ndd, netstat, virtual IP address, setsockopt, and t_optmgmt. ifconfig The ifconfig subnet mask default now allows all 1’s or all 0’s in the masked part of the subnet field. This provides up to twice as many IP addresses as before. The default behavior now allows more IP address and subnet mask combinations. However, any addresses working before will continue working without alteration.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) To disallow subnet fields with all ones or all zeroes, set the ndd parameter ip_check_subnet_addr to 1 in the nddconf file. ndd ndd is a networking configuration tool used to customize the networking kernel. To make an 11i system more Internet friendly and easier to run “out of the box”, some of the ndd tunable parameters defaults changed. Some unsupportable tunable parameters are now “supported”. Also, some new tunable parameters have been added.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) setsockopt or t_optmgmt can set for a TCP socket. These systemwide parameters prevent processes from keeping large amounts of data in send or receive buffers and consuming system resources. tcp_fin_wait_2 is used to set how long a connection will be in FIN_WAIT_2. Use this cautiously. If the remote TCP entity is slow, but would terminate normally (is not hung nor will it terminate abnormally), TCP may close the connection prematurely.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) Min((tcp_cwnd_init * MSS), max(2 * MSS, 4380)), where MSS is the maximum segment size for the underlying link. Default 4: (TCP implements RFC 2414). Range: 1-4 7) ip_pmtu_strategy ‘2’ is not supported for 11i: A local system can no longer send its expected Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) value within an ICMP_ECHO request to a remote system or router. This change prevents a type of Denial-of-Service attack.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) Beginning at HP-UX 11i, netstat -I displays statistics accumulated since the last system reboot. This matches netstat -I output for HP-UX releases 10.20 and earlier. Compatibility Issues There could be some compatibility problems with scripts where they look for the “Use” field.
Internet and Networking Services Network Transport (new) T_OPTMGMT Kernel parameters tcp_recv_hiwater_max (for TCP sockets, default 2GB) and udp_recv_hiwater_max (for UDP sockets, default 2GB) now limit the XTI_RCVBUF parameter maximum buffer size. Kernel parameter tcp_xmit_hiwater_max (default 2GB) now limits the XTI_SNDBUF parameter’s maximum buffer size. A t_optmgmt() call with a tdsu or etsdu option that exceeds the corresponding kernel parameter value will fail with TBADOPT.
Internet and Networking Services New Versions of FTPD New Versions of FTPD This release contains a new version of FTPD. The new version of FTPD is a replacement for the legacy FTPD. In addition to supporting the FTP protocol defined in RFC 959, the following new features are provided: • Logging of transfers. • Logging of commands. • On the fly compression and archiving. • Classification of users on type and location. • Per-directory upload permissions. • Restricted guest accounts.
Internet and Networking Services New Versions of FTPD Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Table 10-3 New FTP daemon options -A Disables the use of the ftpaccess configuration file. -i Logs all the files received by the FTPD server to xferlog (5). -o Logs all files transmitted by FTPD in xferlog. -L Logs all commands sent to the FTPD server into syslog. New Commands /usr/bin/ftpcount Shows current number of users per class /usr/bin/ftpwho Shows current process information for each user.
Internet and Networking Services New Versions of FTPD Table 10-4 New Logging Information /var/adm/syslog/xferlog This file contains logging information from the FTP server daemon. Virtual FTP Support If you wish to manage an ftp server for two separate domains on the same machine, the virtual ftp server feature can be used. This allows an administrator to configure systems, so that a user ftp’ing to ftp.domain1.com gets one ftp banner and ftp directory, and a user ftp’ing to ftp.domain2.
Internet and Networking Services STREAMS/UX (new) STREAMS/UX (new) Several enhancements have been made to STREAMS/UX. These include support for the select() system call, an I/O forwarding mechanism, and Function Registering: • The select() system call for STREAMS/UX devices examines the files or devices associated with the file descriptors specified by the bitmasks, readfds, writefds, and exceptfds. select() can detect out-of-band (OOB) data on TCP.
Internet and Networking Services Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) The Low Bandwidth X extension (LBX) uses several compression and local caching techniques to improve performance on wide area networks and on slower speed connections. These reduce the amount of protocol data transported over the network and reduce the number of client-to-server round trips required for common application startup operations.
Internet and Networking Services Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) The proxymngr executable is added to the /usr/bin/X11 directory. It must be started directly by the user. This can also be used in conjunction with xfindproxy which is also in /usr/bin/X11. Remote Execution (RX) Service The remote execution (RX) service specifies a MIME format for invoking applications remotely, for example via a Web browser.
Internet and Networking Services Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) Application Group Extension (XC-APPGROUP) The application group extension provides new protocol to implement Application Groups (AppGroups). The AppGroup facility allows other clients to share the SubstructureRedirect mechanism with the window manager.
Internet and Networking Services Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) behind this new functionality is to increase the size of the logical screen beyond what is possible using a single system with multiple graphics cards. A new driver and a new X server extension have been added to the X server in order to implement this change. The functionality is enabled by modifying the server's X* screens file.
Internet and Networking Services Low Bandwidth X Extension (LBX) 208 Chapter 10
11 Security Chapter 11 209
Security Generic Security Services for Developing Secure Applications (new) Generic Security Services for Developing Secure Applications (new) The Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface (GSS API) is a newly introduced product for HP-UX 11i. It contains all the GSS APIs as per RFC 2743 and is implemented as C programming language interfaces as defined in the RFC 2744, “Generic Security Service API: C-bindings”.
Security Generic Security Services for Developing Secure Applications (new) • The /etc/gss/gsscred.conf is a configuration file that selects how the underlying mechanism stores the gsscred table. The gsscred table is used to store the mapping between a security principal and the UNIX uid. In this release, the supported gsscred backend mechanism is only flat files. Therefore, the entry “files” must be specified in /etc/gss/gsscred.conf for the successful operation of the library.
Security Execute Protected Stacks (new) Execute Protected Stacks (new) System security can be improved by enabling a new feature that execute protects program stack(s). A common method of breaking into systems is by maliciously overflowing buffers on a program's stack. Malicious unprivileged users often use this method to trick a privileged program into starting a superuser shell for them, or performing similar unauthorized actions.
Security Execute Protected Stacks (new) the kernel tunable parameter executable_stack to 0. HP strongly encourages you to enable this feature. Refer to the +es section of the chatr (1) manpage for details of the possible trade-offs between security and compatibility. ELF-64 programs linked on previous releases of HP-UX will not benefit from this security feature until they are re-linked on HP-UX 11i or later, but will still function normally. 32-bit applications do not need to be re-linked.
Security Configurable Security Features (new) Configurable Security Features (new) Administrators now have a new convenient way to customize security features. A new /etc/default/security file is defined. Editing this file provides a way to configure new security features or to modify the behavior of existing security features.
Security Password History Feature on Trusted Systems Password History Feature on Trusted Systems Password history is a new trusted-system feature of the passwd command, to discourage users from re-using previously used passwords.
Security Kerberos Client Software (new) Kerberos Client Software (new) Kerberos is a network authentication protocol. Kerberos Client Software is now provided with HP-UX 11i. It enables integrating HP-UX into a secure enterprise environment. It provides tools and libraries to perform authentication and secure communication. The Kerberos protocol is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography.
Security Kerberos Client Software (new) This library provides APIs for encryption and decryption. Internally, it uses DES (Data Encryption Standard). Currently, it supports 56-bit DES. It is used by libkrb5.sl APIs. For more information see libkrb5 (3). • /usr/lib/gss/libgssapi_krb5.sl, /usr/lib/pa20_64/gss/libgssapi_krb5.sl: This contains the Kerberos support for GSS API as per RFC 2743/2744. This library is used by /usr/lib/libgss.sl which is part of the GSS API product.
Security Kerberos Client Software (new) Special Considerations Developing Secure Applications Though Kerberos APIs are made available, these are for supporting existing Kerberos Applications to HP-UX 11i. Application Developers are strongly encouraged to use GSS API for developing secure applications. See gssapi (5) for details. libsis.sl Most of the KRB-Support (libsis.sl) functionality is now available with Kerberos Client Software. It is recommended that developers compile and link with these libraries.
Security Auditing Commands/System Calls To Be Obsoleted Auditing Commands/System Calls To Be Obsoleted The auditing commands audevent, audisp, etc. and the system calls audwrite, audswitch, etc. will be obsoleted in a future release. An interface will be provided in the form of a device driver, /dev/idds, with additional functionality. At that time, both /dev/idds and the current 11i auditing process will be supported for ease of transition.
Security Auditing Commands/System Calls To Be Obsoleted 220 Chapter 11
12 Compatibility Chapter 12 221
Compatibility Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Hewlett-Packard has a long record of providing HP-UX compatibility. This protects your investment and allows you to easily upgrade your systems. HP has always recognized that HP-UX compatibility is an important feature that HP customers expect. IMPORTANT To guarantee compatibility, use the new Superdome Machine Identifier. The uname -i command on your Superdome systems may not return a unique value for each system.
Compatibility Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i The following types of compatibility are supported from 11.0 to 11i for well-behaved applications: • Binary compatibility • Source compatibility • Data compatibility • Relocatable object compatibility • Upgrade compatibility Known exceptions to compatibility are described below.
Compatibility Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i example, applications should access the password file information via getpwent() rather than directly reading the file in order to maintain data compatibility. Relocatable Object Compatibility A relocatable object can be a file (.o), shared library (.sl), or an archive library (.a).
Compatibility Compatibility from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i HP-UX 10.x Applications on HP-UX 11i HP-UX 10.x applications that compiled and ran on 11.0 can be recompiled and run on HP-UX 11i without change.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i All of these compatibility exceptions are rare corner cases for well-behaved applications. Details of these exceptions can be found in this document. Memory Windows This change enables applications to access up to 1GB of shared memory that is not otherwise allocated against the system-wide limit. Enabling Memory Windows alters the semantics of some memory API's and some POSIX API's.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i ELF Undocumented Symbol Table Change This change makes some tool development easier. The ELF symbol table type of some thirteen linker-defined symbols is changed from STT_OBJECT to STT_NOTYPE. Although the names of these symbols are documented, their types and meaning have never been documented. Only applications that are not well behaved and read 64-bit ELF executable files are affected.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i strftime() Support for Week Number This change fixes a defect in strftime(). Applications that use the %V option of strftime() to obtain the week number will find that the return value is 52 instead of 53 when: • December 31 falls on a Friday, in a non-leap year, when the date passed in is January 1 or January 2 of that week. Some years affected include 1999, 2004, and 2032.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i If you are using the undocumented feature to disallow the NFS mounts, it will now succeed. NOTE Applications that use undocumented features are not "well behaved." Tighter Security for NFS Mounts This change is necessary to improve the security of NFS mounts.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Fortran 90 GETARG Intrinsic Function This change causes the semantics of the "index" argument to the HP supplied F90 intrinsic routine GETARG to be compatible with older HP F77 and other vendor implementations of this routine. Those affected will have to change and recompile their source code to use the industry standard indexing scheme.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Software Distributor Reduces Amount of Information from Program swlist This change improves the performance of some “swlist” options. Extraneous data is no longer displayed and listing of bundles in a depot shows only bundles. Applications that depend on the old format and behavior will have to be modified.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Customization of wctype Methods This change removes the ability to use customized locale methods for accessing “wctype”, wide character classification, APIs in order to provide performance improvements.
Compatibility Known Compatibility Exceptions from HP-UX 11.0 to 11i Support Tools Manager, EMS Hardware Monitors This change improves the usability for the STM User Interface and the EMS Hardware Monitors. Any script that depends on the specific output of the EMS Hardware Monitors or specific commands or displays in the STM UI may have to be modified. See “HP-UX Support Tools: STM (online), ODE (offline) & EMS Hardware Monitors” on page 76 for more information.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs This section defines the obsolescence of core system libraries and relocatable objects. Obsolescence of other products are covered in separate sections.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs • deprecation is a step towards obsolescence • the specification is in flux • less value to users • functionality no longer makes sense • functionality has been replaced • support/enhancement expectations have been lowered • usage is discouraged • warnings against usage/alternatives are provided • the provider continues to test functionality • migration plan/tools are provided The reasons for marking an interface as "deprecated" may include: • marked "to be
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs — support costs are too high — not enough ROI Archive/Static Libraries Most archive system libraries, such as libc.a with the exception of libc.a, libcres.a, and libsbin.a, will be obsolete and not shipped on follow-on releases of HP-UX, including those supporting IA-64. For the benefits to you and HP, refer to “Rationale and Objectives”. NOTE In most cases, your makefiles will continue to work without the need for modifications.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs • libcma PA applications will continue to run on follow-on releases of HP-UX, including those supporting IA-64 via compatibility mode. • Applications using libcma should start migrating to POSIX threads (libpthread). • libcma applications can maintain their existing development environment on 11.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs List of APIs to be Deprecated/Obsoleted A summary of information about the APIs to be deprecated and obsoleted is provided in Table 12-1, “APIs to be Deprecated/Obsoleted.” Table 12-1 APIs to be Deprecated/Obsoleted Library/API Description Release Deprecated Native on IA-64 Comments Archive/static libc 11i No 11i No Archive profile libc 11i No libpicc.a Build custom libc 11i No libPW.a ATT Programmer's Workbench 10.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs Table 12-1 APIs to be Deprecated/Obsoleted Library/API Description Release Deprecated Native on IA-64 Comments memorymap() Display the contents of the memory allocator. 11i No Use mallinfo() instead. HP proprietary terminal interfaces 10.30 No Use libxcurses() instead. File system APIs for compatibility with 4.2 BSD. 10.30 No Use getmntent() APIs instead.
Compatibility Obsolescence and Deprecation of APIs Table 12-1 APIs to be Deprecated/Obsoleted Library/API Description Release Deprecated Native on IA-64 nl_tools_16() APIs and Macros: Tools to process 16-bit characters. 10.0 No Replaced by _INCLUDE_XOPEN_ SOURCE_EXTENDED 11i No _SVID2 No longer supported. 11i No _XPG2 No longer supported. 11i No _XPG3 No longer supported. 11i No _XPG4 Replaced by _XOPEN_SOURCE 11i No _POSIX1_1988 Replaced by _INCLUDE_POSIX_ SOURCE.
13 Programming Chapter 13 241
Programming Changes to the linker/dld Interface Changes to the linker/dld Interface Patches to the linker/dld interface include the following enhancements: • Added support for the CXperf performance measuring tool in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the ld command. Both versions recognize the +tools option, which enables CXperf information to be propagated to an executable program; see “CXperf Performance Monitoring Support” in Chapter 7 for information on CXperf. • Added support for huge data (.
Programming Instrumented Code Using PBO or +O4 Optimization Instrumented Code Using PBO or +O4 Optimization This note pertains to the compilers and linker for HP C, HP aC++, HP C++ (cfront), HP Fortran 77, and HP-UX Linker. When you compile your source code with the compiler shipped on HP-UX 11i, without any changes to source code, options, or makefiles, you might create relocatable object files or executables that are no longer backward compatible to an original 11.0 system.
Programming HP-UX Software Transition Kit (STK) HP-UX Software Transition Kit (STK) The HP-UX Software Transition Kit (STK) aids in transitioning your software to either the 32-bit or the 64-bit version of HP-UX 11i To transition your software and scripts, you may have to resolve issues such as data model and API changes. Many tools are available to help you resolve these issues.
Programming HP-UX Software Transition Kit (STK) To use the HP-UX 11i STK, you must install it. The HP-UX 11i STK is available free of charge via the Web: http://devresource.hp.com/STK Check this Web site often for updated content. The HP-UX 11i STK will eventually include tools and documentation that will help you successfully transition to the IA-64 architecture.
Programming HP DCE/9000 (new) HP DCE/9000 (new) HP Distributed Computing Environment (HP DCE/9000) Version 1.8 provides a high-quality, comprehensive, standards-based framework to develop, administer, and use distributed applications. Kernel threads application development is now supported on HP-UX. The 32-bit version of the kernel threads DCE library (libdcekt) is now part of HP-UX base operating system. The 64-bit version of libdcekt is also included.
Programming HP DCE/9000 (new) • RPC_SUPPORTED_PROTSEQS: This variable helps in restricting the protocol sequence. For example, setting this variable to ncacn_ip_tcp will enable only connection-oriented communication. • RPC_DISABLE_PRIVATE: The datagram protocol opens up one socket for each network address family supported on a host. Once opened, these sockets are kept in a pool for use whenever the process needs to make another RPC over that particular address family.
Programming HP DCE/9000 (new) Compatibility Issues All applications using the 64-bit library libdcekt may need to include /usr/include/dce/dce64.h. The site http://devresource.hp.com/STK contains 64-bit porting concepts and 64-bit compiler and linker changes needed to port the application to 64-bit. DCE server products are not supported on workstations (Series 700 machines).
Programming Extensions to pstat(2) Extensions to pstat(2) This extension provides new functionality to the pstat() system call that enables various system management and measurement tools to eliminate their dependency on the /dev/kmem pseudo-driver. Today, many system management and measurement tools read kernel data structures through unsupported interfaces, such as the /dev/kmem pseudo-driver, to get information about open files, resource usage, process activity, and so on.
Programming Extensions to pstat(2) reflects this added functionality. The enhancement poses no problem for 11.0 executables running on 11.0 Extension Pack or 11i, nor for any executables running on 11.0 Extension Pack, as long as they do not rely on the additional functionality. Note, however, relocatable objects may incorrectly presume that the size of returned information is the same pre- and post-patch. It is possible to determine the size of information returned.
Programming Extensions to pstat(2) to 0 or effective ID match. In the case of effective ID match, access will only be granted if the target process is not and has never run as a setuid or setgid process. New Data Structures The following are new data structures being added to the PSTAT module: pst_fileinfo2 Describes per-file information. For the specified process, there is one instance of this context for each open file descriptor. pst_fid Used to efficiently re-access the opened files.
Programming Extensions to pstat(2) pst_mpathnode This structure is returned by pstat_getmpathname() routine that provides a copy of the DNLC entries for a given file system. The information contained in this structure includes id of the current file or directory, parent of the current entry, and the name of the current entry. By traversing the DNLC entries in the reverse order, one can obtain the pathname for an opened file to the mount point.
Programming Libraries Libraries aC++ Runtime (libCsup*, libstd*, libstream*, librwtool*) (new) The aC++ runtime provides the run-time environment necessary for deploying C++ based (aC++ compiled) applications on HP-UX 11i. This release of the aC++ Runtime includes a new ANSI compliant Standard C++ library. The previous version of the runtime included the "classical" C++ STL library that corresponds to the pre-standard (Sept. 1998) definition of the C++ language and library.
Programming Libraries The performance of the new library (iostreams) may be slower. Compatibility Issues C++ application (source and binary) forward compatibility with 11.x is fully maintained by preserving the classic C++ library in the new runtime; source files, build systems and object files or libraries produced under HP-UX 11.0 with the previous version of C++ runtime should continue to work under the new runtime. The new libraries are binary incompatible with the classic C++ libraries.
Programming Libraries Header Files Header files ftw.h and stdio.h were patched to enable C++ large files support. In addition, numerous defects were fixed. New Environment Variables for malloc libc uses a single lock in the malloc() routines to make them thread-safe. In a multi-threaded application, there could be contention on this single lock if multiple threads are calling malloc and free at the same time.
Programming Libraries turned on usually run faster than with it turned off. A small block allocator can be turned on through mallopt(); however, it is not early enough for C++/Java applications. The environment variable turns it on before the application starts. mallopt() call can still be used the same way. If the environment variable is set, and no small block allocator has been used, the subsequent mallopt() calls can still overwrite whatever is set through _M_SBA_OPTS.
Programming Libraries these libraries include a decreased calling overhead for the shared library. Also the build process makes use of pragmas introduced in release 10.20 to decrease the calling overhead in shared libraries. In addition to the changes to the library builds, changes have been made to selected header files to allow building applications that have decreased calling overhead. These changes apply to both 32-bit and 64-bit applications Two new libraries are added, /usr/lib/libcres.
Programming Libraries application compile. With this define, the application will now have the import stubs inlined in the application code further reducing the shared libary call overhead. CAUTION An application that has been built with the _HP_SHLIB_CALLS define can *ONLY* be used with a fastcalled libc. If the application also has APIs that are fastcalled and are part of the applications shared libraries, then that library must also be built with the fastcall technology The /usr/lib/pa20_64/libc.
Programming Libraries More API's in libc may make use of the fastcall technology in future releases. Appropriate changes to the header files will be delivered to track these changes. Performance Improvements to libc’s ftw(3C) and nftw(3C) The libc functions ftw() and nftw() have been rewritten to operate faster, avoid stack overflow conditions, reduce data space usage, and improve parallelism in multi-threaded applications. libc and commands which call ftw() and nftw() are affected.
Programming Libraries Two defects were fixed in nftw(): • When the FTW_CHDIR option is set, directories are considered unreadable unless they have both read and execute permissions. (The old nftw() would try to chdir() into a directory without execute permissions and then abort the walk with an error). • When the FTW_CHDIR option is set, a directory object is reported to the user function before it is chdir()'ed into.
Programming Libraries that is version PHCO_19666 or later, or else cache is not available. By default cache is not active and must be activated by setting _M_CACHE_OPTS to a legal value. If _M_CACHE_OPTS is set to any out of range values, it is ignored and cache remains disabled. There are two portions to the thread private cache: one for ordinary blocks and one for small blocks.
Programming Libraries are freed back to their arena. The allowable values of range from 0 to 1440 minutes (=24*60, i.e. one day). If is 0, retirement is disabled and unused caches will be kept indefinitely. It is recommended that be configured to 0 unless space efficiency is important and it is known that an application will stabilize to a smaller number of threads than its initial number.
Programming Libraries malloc() thread-private cache does not change the function of malloc() for nonthreaded or cma threaded applications. It does maintain binary compatibility. However, because it is a change in allocation policy, it can cause different sequences of addresses to be emitted for the same sequence of requests than a previous version of malloc would have emitted.
Programming Libraries Linker and Object File Tools (ld, crt0.o, dld.sl, libdld.sl, chatr and odump) (new) The following list summarizes the changes to linker and object file tools. Linker changes: — Incremental linking support in 64-bit ld and elfdump. — Unix 98 (32-bit dl()* calls) support in libdld.sl and dld.sl. — 32-bit Filtered shared libraries support in ld, dld.sl and in odump. — GProf 32-bit shared library support in crt0.o and dld.sl. — ld +filter option to create filtered shared libraries.
Programming Libraries Details of Linker Changes Incremental linking: Incremental linking provides significant linktime improvements for compile-link-debug development cycles by processing only those input files that are actually modified between cycles. Files that are not modified do not need to be reprocessed. For large application, incremental linking may provide up to 10x and sometimes greater improvements in linktime.
Programming Libraries linker/chatr. This message should be regarded as a warning rather than an error. chatr operation will be successful in spite of the warning. Changes to libm The fesetround() and fehold() functions in fenv.h have been upgraded to the latest ISO C9x specification. Previously the functions returned nonzero to indicate success and zero to indicate failure; now they return zero to indicate success and nonzero to indicate failure.
Programming Changes to sendfile(2) Changes to sendfile(2) The sendfile() system call is used to send a file directly over the network without having to perform many separate send() commands. In previous releases, sendfile() did not work properly with large files, that is, when an application made a call to sendfile() and was compiled with the following compiler flags: LARGEFILE(64)_SOURCE and/or FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64. These flags allowed a 32-bit application to access large files that were over 2GB in size.
Programming Changes to confstr(3C) (new) Changes to confstr(3C) (new) New machine identifier, partition identifier, and serial number parameters have been defined for the confstr() library function. The new parameters for confstr() are defined as follows: _CS_MACHINE_IDENT Identifier for each physical machine. Returned as an opaque string of printable ascii characters.This string has the same value for all partitions in a physical machine.
Programming Changes to confstr(3C) (new) buffer=(char *)malloc(bufsize+1); confstr(_CS_MACHINE_IDENT,buffer,bufsize+1); The first line will return the length of the string to be returned, allocate memory based on this value, then call confstr() again to get the actual value.
Programming Changes to confstr(3C) (new) 270 Chapter 13
14 Licensing Products Chapter 14 271
Licensing Products Future Change for LicensePower/iFOR Future Change for LicensePower/iFOR HP plans to remove LicensePower/iFOR from the Core HP-UX software in a future release. This licensing product can be obtained directly from Isogon Corporation, the owner of the product. To download LicensePower/iFOR, go to Isogon’s Web site: http://www.isogon.com/support/sptlpifor/download/download.
Licensing Products Impending LSSERV Software Obsolescence (new) Impending LSSERV Software Obsolescence (new) HP-UX 11i is the last release that will contain the LSSERV licensing product as a bundled part of the operating system. You can obtain this product directly from its owner, the Isogon Corporation. You can also visit the Isogon CorporationWeb site for further information about LSSERV support at http://www.isogon.com.
Licensing Products Impending LSSERV Software Obsolescence (new) 274 Chapter 14
15 New and Changed Internationalization Features Chapter 15 275
New and Changed Internationalization Features Unicode Character Set Unicode Character Set HP-UX 11i provides system level support for the Unicode 2.1/ISO-10646 character set. Hewlett-Packard’s support for Unicode provides a basis of enabling heterogeneous interoperability for all locales. ISO-10646 is an industry standard for defining a single encoding which uniquely encodes all the world’s characters. Unicode 2.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Unicode Character Set Table 15-2 Table 15-3 European fr_FR.utf8 French de_DE.utf8 German it_IT.utf8 Italian es_ES.utf8 Spanish sv_SE.utf Swedish Asian ja_JP.utf8 Japanese ko_KR.utf8 Korean zh_CN.utf8 Simplified Chinese zh_HK.utf8 Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong) zh_TW.utf8 Traditional Chinese To enable Unicode support in applications, set the environment variable to a desired utf8 locale.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Unicode Character Set support for the ISO 8859-15 codeset. Specific enhancements are provided to allow Euro display and input capabilities though Xlib and new fonts. A subset of existing European (and French Canadian) locales have been modified: Table 15-4 Modified European Locales Locale Country fr_CA.utf8 French Canadian fr__FR.utf8 French de_DE.utf8 German it_ IT.utf8 Italian es_ ES.utf8 Spanish sv_SE.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Unicode Character Set Table 15-6 Unicode Asian locales and localized files Japanese 3.4 MB Korean 2.4 MB Simplified Chinese 2.5 MB Hong Kong 1.7 MB Traditional Chinese 4.2 MB Performance Issues Applications using Unicode support should see comparable performance as observed with other multibyte codesets.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) This release contains defect fixes for incorrect character mappings. The corrections concern the Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters of HP-UX. Corrected character converter mappings allow for improved interoperability when sending or receiving converted character data to/from Unicode-aware systems.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) No compatibility problems are anticipated.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) eucTW incorrect UCS2 correct UCS2 Character Name 0xa1b8 0xfe32 0xfe31 Presentation form Vertical EN Dash 0xa1ea 0x2032 0x2035 Reversed Prime 0xa1eb 0x2035 0x2032 Prime 0xa2b9 0x2264 0x2266 Less-than over equal to 0xa2ba 0x2265 0x2267 Greater-than over equal to 0xa2c2 0xfe66 0xfe65 Small Greater-Than 0xa2c3 0xfe65 0xfe66 Small Equals Sign 0xa2de 0xff5c 0x2223 Divides 0xa2e
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) following mappings: Old UCS2 UCS2 Old UTF-8 UTF-8 Char Name 0x30fb 0x2022 0xe383bb 0xe280a2 Bullet 0x2014 0x2013 0xe28094 0xe28093 EN Dash 0x2013 0x2014 0xe28093 0xe28094 EM Dash 0xfe31 0xff5c 0xefb8b1 0xefbd9c Fullwidth Vertical Line 0xfe32 0xfe31 0xefb8b2 0xefb8b1 Presentation form Vertical EN Dash 0x2032 0x2035 0xe280b2 0xe280b5 Reversed Prime 0x2035 0x2032 0xe280b5 0
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) Correction for Japanese A patch corrects four incorrect Japanese character mappings that occur between Shift-JIS/EUC and Unicode (UCS2)/UTF-8.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Corrected Character Mappings to iconv(1) and iconv(3C) Correction for Korean A patch provides a defect fix to address standards non-conformancy for Korean Unicode (UCS2)/UTF-8 character mappings. The currently supplied Korean iconv converter tables do not conform to the Unicode 2.1 and ISO-10646 (with 1997 amendments) standards in addition to the Korean national standard, KSC-5700.
New and Changed Internationalization Features EURO (ISO 8859-15 Locales) EURO (ISO 8859-15 Locales) Euro support is provided via locale support for the ISO 8859-15 character set. ISO 8859-15 is a newly ratified character set that differs from ISO 8859-1 in that it supports eight new characters. Specific enhancements are provided to allow Euro display, input, and processing capabilities. Fourteen new locales have been created based on ISO 8859-15: Locale Language (Country) C.iso885915 “C” da_DK.
New and Changed Internationalization Features EURO (ISO 8859-15 Locales) ISO 8859-15 support is not automatically turned on for any application. No special configuration is required and there are no compatibility issues involved with the addition of this new feature. Locales are installed, based on which current language file sets are already installed on a target system. The LC_MONETARY environment variable will be set to the euro for all locales listed above except C.iso885915 and fr_CA.iso885915.
New and Changed Internationalization Features EURO (ISO 8859-15 Locales) X Window Support New functionality was added to Xlib to support input and display of the Euro symbol. This was done by adding internal support for the ISO8859-15 character set (as well as support of UTF8 on 11i). When an Xlib application is started, Xlib internals determine if the locale is set to an ISO8859-15 character set.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) HP-UX 11i provides system level support for the Unicode 2.1/ISO-10646 character set. Hewlett-Packard's support for Unicode provides a basis of enabling heterogeneous interoperability for all geographic areas. ISO-10646 is an industry standard for defining a single encoding which uniquely encodes all the characters of the modern world. Unicode 2.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) include dual currency support: Locale Language/Country da_DK.utf8 Danish (Denmark) de_DE.utf8 German (Germany) el_GR.utf8 Greek (Greece) en_GB.utf8 English (Great Britain) es_ES.utf8 Spanish (Spain) i_FI.utf8 Finnish (Finland) fr_FR.utf8 French (France) is_IS.utf8 Icelandic (Iceland) it_IT.utf8 Italian (Italy) nl_NL.utf8 Dutch (The Netherlands) no_NO.utf8 Norwegian (Norway) pt_PT.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) /* Handle euro in strfmon(), ... */ setlocale(LC_MONETARY, "fr_FR.utf8@euro"); ... /* Handle French francs in strfmon(), ... */ setlocale(LC_MONETARY, "fr_FR.utf8"); When the LC_MONETARY environment variable is set to euro, the formatting in monetary category will use euro standard formatting rules whereas other categories will still use local conventions in formatting.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) New iconv converter tables are available to support conversion from utf8, ucs2, and iso885915 to IBM's euro enabled code pages and PC code pages: Table 15-7 utf8 and IBM's code pages (EBCDIC) utf8 <-> cp1140 utf8 <-> cp1141 utf8 <-> cp1142 utf8 <-> cp1143 utf8 <-> cp1144 utf8 <-> cp1145 utf8 <-> cp1146 utf8 <-> cp1147 utf8 <-> cp1148 utf8 <-> cp1149 Table 15-8 ucs2 and IBM's code pages (EBCDIC) ucs2 <-> cp1140
New and Changed Internationalization Features Euro - ISO 10646/Unicode Support (new) Table 15-11 ucs2 and PC code pages (EBCDIC) ucs2 <-> cp852 ucs2 <-> cp855 ucs2 <-> cp857 ucs2 <-> cp1860 ucs2 <-> cp861 ucs2 <-> cp862 ucs2 <-> cp863 ucs2 <-> cp864 ucs2 <-> cp865 ucs2 <-> cp866 ucs2 <-> cp869 ucs2 <-> cp874 ucs2 <-> cp1250 ucs2 <-> cp1251 ucs2 <-> cp1252 ucs2 <-> cp1253 ucs2 <-> cp1254 ucs2 <-> cp1255 ucs2 <-> cp1256 ucs2 <-> cp1257 ucs2 <-> cp1258 Impact To use euro monetary formatt
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) HP-UX provides Asian systems for the Asian countries of the Far East, consisting of the following products: JSE Japanese System Environment KSE Korean System Environment SSE Simplified-Chinese System Environment TSE Traditional-Chinese System Environment HP-UX provides several Asian enhancements as server features, including some new Asian codesets, UDC (User Defined Characters, o
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) New Features • ASE Common ❏ New printer model New printer models are supported on both the LP Spooler and HPDPS. You can print plain text file on the following printers by configuring the printer using the PCL5.nloo(PCL5.asian) model file on the LP Spooler or PCL5.asx(2BPCL5.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) ❏ Unicode Japanese UTF-8 locale ja_JP.utf8 is supported. Using this locale, you can input, display and print UTF-8 characters. It supports characters defined in standards JIS X 0201 (1976), JIS X 0208 (1990), and JIS X 0212 (1990). UDC (User Defined Characters or GAIJI) and VDC (Vender Defined Characters) are not supported. For details, see the document /usr/share/doc/ASX-UTF8.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) Table 15-12 New Printer Models for JSE Printer LP Spooler Model File HPDPS Printer Model File HP HITHTS4A ESCP ESCP.asx HP HITKD20A ESCP ESCP.asx HP HITKD45A ESCP ESCP.asx Canon LBP-850 LIPS4 LIPS4.asx Canon LBP-930EX LIPS4 LIPS4.asx Canon LBP-2030 LIPS4 LIPS4.asx Canon LBP-2040 LIPS4 LIPS4.asx Canon LBP-2160 LIPS4 LIPS4.asx OKI Microline 9XXPSIIb PS2.nlio PS2.asx OKI Microline 9XXPSIIIb PS2.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) a. By installing optional Japanese Font DIMM on these printers, you can print Japanese text with TrueType fonts. To use Japanese TrueType fonts, you have to configure a printer with PCL5.asian model file for the LP Spooler, or with 2BPCL5.asx printer model for HPDPS. To see whether your printer has Japanese TrueType Font installed, follow these steps: 1.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) — keis7c: KEIS78 (Hitachi MF code set based on JIS C6226-1978) + EBCDIC — keis8c: KEIS83 (Hitachi MF code set based on JIS X0208-1983) + EBCDIC — NEC JIPS — jipsj: JIPS (NEC Mainframe code set) JIS — jipsec: JIPS (NEC Mainframe code set) EBCDIC — jipsek: JIPS (NEC Mainframe code set) EBCDIK — Fujitsu JEF — jefc: JEF (Fujitsu Mainframe code set) + EBCDIC (lower alphabet) — jefk: JEF (Fujitsu Mainframe code set) + EBCDIK (katak
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) see the document /usr/share/doc/ASX-UTF8. The full Hangul Syllables in KS X 1005-1 (old name is KS C 5700-1995) are supported on ko_KR.utf8 locale. You can input full Hangul characters by XKIM and display on X Window System. With Korean font DIMM and PCL5.asian model file, you can print full Hangul characters. ❏ Euro and registered trademark symbols The printing of the Euro symbol in the ko_KR.eucKR locale is supported.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) Traditional Chinese UTF-8 locales zh_TW.utf8 and zh_HK.utf8 are supported. On these locales, you can input, display and print UTF-8 characters. There is support for characters defined in standards ISO 646 (1991), CNS 11643 (1992) plane 1, 2, 3 and 4, except for some characters which are not supported by Unicode 2.0. UDC (User Defined Characters or GAIJI) and VDC (Vender Defined Characters) are not supported.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) key/keys. Deleted Features • ASE Common ❏ Printing to LaserJet III series is now obsoleted. If you are currently using LaserJet III series printers, you should use newer printer models. • KSE ❏ XDevice is not included from this release. NOTE The Japanese input methods EGBridge and VJE-gamma will be obsoleted in an upcoming release.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) to the position above the line which begins with a “+” sign indicating the start of NIS mapping. ❏ EGBridge Closing the EGBridge main window during Kana-Kanji conversion on hpterm may also close hpterm. You should finish conversion before closing the EGBridge main window.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Asian System Environment (ASE) (new) ❏ JIS keyboard — Do not set the KBD_LANG shell variable or Motif 1.1 applications will not work with a JIS keyboard. — The Yen key on JIS keyboard with X terminal does not work correctly. To use the Yen key, execute the command. $ xmodmap -e "keysym yen = backslash bar prolongedsound" ❏ 106/109 Keyboard — You cannot turn off EGBridge (although you can turn on). The solution is to change the key map file $HOME/.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Enhanced Print Capabilities in the Asian System Environment Enhanced Print Capabilities in the Asian System Environment HP-UX 11i contains enhancements to the printer capabilities of four Asian-country system environments (JSE, KSE, SSE, TSE), as itemized below. Changes Common to All ASEs • LP Model File: Supports new printers: The PCL5.nloo model file supports Asian text printing on following printers.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Enhanced Print Capabilities in the Asian System Environment — ML600PSII The ESCP model file supports Japanese text printing on these printers: — — — — OKI 5330S 8350S 8580S EPSON VP-1800 The PCL5.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Enhanced Print Capabilities in the Asian System Environment For more information, see the following files in usr/share/doc/: ASX-JPN, ASX-JPN-S, ASX-JPN-E, PRINTER-JPN-S, PRINTER-JPN-E Korean System Environment (KSE) • X Print Server: KSE supports printing via X Print Server to PCL printers. • LP and HPDPS: Supports new print options. Supports new printers. • HPDPS: Provides a common template model directory for each print language.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) A new set of multibyte APIs have been added to libc following the C99 specification (ISO/IEC 9899:1999), and the Unix98 specification.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) Restartable APIs and the Conversion State A new set of APIs have been introduced to facilitate the conversion between multibyte character representations to wide character representations. These APIs use a new object type, mbstate_t, that can hold the conversion state information necessary to convert between sequences of multibyte characters and wide characters.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) btowc() btowc() returns the wide-character representation of a given single-byte character. fwide() fwide() sets the stream orientation. fwprintf(), swprintf(), wprintf() These APIs print formatted wide-character output. fwscanf(), swscanf(), wscanf() These APIs process formatted wide-character input. mbrlen() mbrlen() returns the number of bytes in a wide character.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) vfwprintf(), vswprintf(), vwprintf() These APIs are provided for printing wide-character formatted output of a stdarg argument. They are similar to fwprintf (3C) except that instead of being called with a variable number of arguments, they are called with an argument list as defined by . wcrtomb() wcrtomb() converts a wide-character to a multibyte character.
New and Changed Internationalization Features Multibyte Support Extension and Unix98 Support (new) — wmemset() sets wide-characters in memory.
