HP-UX System Administrator's Guide: Security Management HP-UX 11i v3 (B3921-90020, September 2010)
Table Of Contents
- HP-UX System Administrator's Guide: Security Management
- Table of Contents
- About this Document
- Part I Protecting Systems
- 1 Installing the HP-UX Operating Environment Securely
- 1.1 Installation Security Considerations
- 1.2 Preventing Security Breaches During the Boot Process
- 1.3 Enable Login Security for root
- 1.4 Using Boot Authentication to Prevent Unauthorized Access
- 1.5 Setting Install-Time Security Options
- 1.6 Installing Security Patches
- 1.7 Postinstallation Security Tips for Backup and Recovery
- 2 Administering User and System Security
- 2.1 Managing User Access
- 2.2 Authenticating Users During Login
- 2.3 Authenticating Users with PAM
- 2.4 Managing Passwords
- 2.4.1 System Administrator Responsibilities
- 2.4.2 User Responsibilities
- 2.4.3 Criteria of a Good Password
- 2.4.4 Changing the /etc/passwd Password File
- 2.4.5 The /etc/shadow Shadow Password File
- 2.4.6 Eliminating Pseudo-Accounts and Protecting Key Subsystems in /etc/passwd
- 2.4.7 Secure Login with HP-UX Secure Shell
- 2.4.8 Securing Passwords Stored in NIS
- 2.4.9 Securing Passwords Stored in LDAP Directory Server
- 2.5 Defining System Security Attributes
- 2.6 Handling setuid and setgid Programs
- 2.7 Preventing Stack Buffer Overflow Attacks
- 2.8 Protecting Unattended Terminals and Workstations
- 2.9 Protecting Against System Access by Remote Devices
- 2.10 Securing Login Banners
- 2.11 Protecting the root Account
- 3 HP-UX Standard Mode Security Extensions
- 4 Remote Access Security Administration
- 4.1 Overview of Internet Services and Remote Access Services
- 4.2 The inetd Daemon
- 4.3 Protection Against Spoofing with TCP Wrappers
- 4.4 Secure Internet Services
- 4.5 Controlling an Administrative Domain
- 4.6 Securing Remote Sessions Using HP-UX Secure Shell (SSH)
- 4.6.1 Key Security Features of HP-UX Secure Shell
- 4.6.2 Software Components of HP-UX Secure Shell
- 4.6.3 Running HP-UX Secure Shell
- 4.6.4 HP-UX Secure Shell Privilege Separation
- 4.6.5 HP-UX Secure Shell Authentication
- 4.6.6 Communication Protocols
- 4.6.7 HP-UX Secure Shell and the HP-UX System
- 4.6.8 Associated Technologies
- 4.6.9 Strong Random Number Generator Requirement
- 4.6.10 TCP Wrappers Support
- 4.6.11 chroot Directory Jail
- 1 Installing the HP-UX Operating Environment Securely
- Part II Protecting Data
- 5 File System Security
- 5.1 Controlling File Access
- 5.2 Setting Access Control Lists
- 5.3 Using HFS ACLs
- 5.4 Using JFS ACLs
- 5.4.1 Definition of a JFS ACL
- 5.4.2 How the System Generates a JFS ACL
- 5.4.3 Minimal JFS ACL
- 5.4.4 Additional JFS ACL user and group Entries
- 5.4.5 JFS ACL group and class Entries
- 5.4.6 Using the setacl and getacl Commands
- 5.4.7 Effect of chmod on class Entries
- 5.4.8 Example of Changing a Minimal JFS ACL
- 5.4.9 Default JFS ACLs
- 5.4.10 Changing JFS ACL with the setacl Command
- 5.5 Comparison of JFS and HFS ACLs
- 5.6 ACLs and NFS
- 5.7 Security Considerations for /dev Device Special Files
- 5.8 Protecting Disk Partitions and Logical Volumes
- 5.9 Security Guidelines for Mounting and Unmounting File Systems
- 5.10 Controlling File Security on a Network
- 6 Compartments
- 7 Fine-Grained Privileges
- 5 File System Security
- Part III Protecting Identity
- 8 HP-UX Role-Based Access Control
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Access Control Basics
- 8.3 HP-UX RBAC Components
- 8.4 Planning the HP-UX RBAC Deployment
- 8.5 Configuring HP-UX RBAC
- 8.6 Using HP-UX RBAC
- 8.7 Troubleshooting HP-UX RBAC
- 9 Audit Administration
- 8 HP-UX Role-Based Access Control
- A Trusted Systems
- B Other Security Products
- B.1 HP-UX AAA Server (RADIUS)
- B.2 HP-UX Bastille
- B.3 HP-UX Directory Server
- B.4 HP-UX Encrypted Volume and File System (EVFS)
- B.5 HP-UX HIDS
- B.6 HP-UX IPFilter
- B.7 HP-UX IPSec
- B.8 HP-UX LDAP-UX Integration
- B.9 HP-UX Secure Resource Partitions (SRP)
- B.10 HP-UX Secure Shell
- B.11 HP-UX Trusted Computing Services
- B.12 Security Patches
- Glossary
- Index
2.2.1 Explanation of the Login Process
The following steps describe the login process. This information shows how important
it is to create unique user names and to maintain a password security policy. For more
information, refer to login(1).
1. After the system is installed, the desktop Login Manager displays a login screen.
The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) displays a CDE login screen if it is
installed.
2. The init program spawns a getty process, which prompts you for a user name.
You enter your user name. The getty program passes the user name to the login
program.
3. The login program searches/etc/passwd for the user name.
• If the user name exists, login goes to step 4 .
• If the user name does not exist, then login does the following checks:
— Prompts for a password (Password: ).
— If an invalid password is entered, the system displays the Invalid login
error message.
— Updates the /var/adm/btmp file if it exists. The /var/adm/btmp file
keeps track of invalid login attempts. See Section 2.2.2 for more information.
— Exits after three consecutive invalid login attempts.
4. The login process verifies the /etc/passwd file.
• If the password field is set, login prompts for a password and goes to step
5.
• If the password field is not set, the user does not need a password and login
goes to step 6 .
5. The login process compares the password to the encrypted password in
/etc/passwd.
• If the password matches, login goes to step 6.
• If the password does not match, login displays Invalid login. The login
process allows three consecutive login attempts. After the user's third invalid
login attempt, login exits.
6. The login process updates the /var/adm/wtmp file, which keeps track of valid
logins. See Section 2.2.2 for more information.
After a successful login, the user and group IDs, group access list, and working
directory are initialized.
7. The login process then runs the command in the command field of the
/etc/passwd file. Typically, the command field is the path name of a shell, such
32 Administering User and System Security