VERITAS Storage FoundationTM 4.
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix How This Guide Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Chapter 1. Overview: Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What is RAC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group Membership Services/Atomic Broadcast (GAB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cluster Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cluster Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Cluster Volume Manager (CVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 CVM Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Removing Pre-existing License Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 7. Using Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Using Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback for Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . 129 Understanding Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Determining Space Requirements for Storage Checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Performance of Storage Checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting Up the SFRAC Storage Checkpoint Feature for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Backing Up Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Usage Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Verifying a Storage Checkpoint Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 8. Using Storage Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Understanding Storage Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Verifying VERITAS Storage Mapping Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Using vxstorage_stats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 12. Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Running Scripts for Engineering Support Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 getdbac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 getcomms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oracle Log Files Show Shutdown Called Even When Not Shutdown Manually 217 Set MLOCK Privilege for DBA User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 File System Configured Incorrectly for ODM Shuts Down Oracle . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Shared Disk Group Cannot be Imported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 CVMVolDg Does Not Go Online Even Though CVMCluster is Online . . . . . . . .
Preface This guide provides selected extracts from the VERITAS Storage Foundation 4.1 for Oracle RAC Installation and Configuration Guide that are relevant for deployments in HP Serviceguard Storage Management Suite environments. This software enables administrators of Oracle and Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) to operate a database in an environment running HP Serviceguard with cluster features of VERITAS Volume ManagerTM and VERITAS File SystemTM, also known as CVM and CFS, respectively.
How This Guide Is Organized Chapter 7. “Using Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback” on page 129 describes using SFRAC storage checkpoints for backup and recovery of Oracle databases. Chapter 8. “Using Storage Mapping” on page 153 describes using SFRAC to map datafiles to physical devices.
Conventions Conventions The prompt indicating a command is issued as Oracle user is: $ Here are the typographical conventions used throughout the manuals: Convention Usage Example monospace Used for path names, commands, output, directory and file names, functions, and parameters. Read tunables from the /etc/vx/tunefstab file. monospace (bold) Indicates user input. # ls pubs italic Identifies book titles, new terms, emphasized text, and variables replaced with a name or value.
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Overview: Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC 1 This chapter describes the components of Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC and interaction between these components. What is RAC? Real Application Clusters (RAC) is a parallel database environment that takes advantage of the processing power of multiple computers. A cluster comprises two or more computers, also known as nodes or servers. In RAC environments, all nodes concurrently run Oracle instances and execute transactions against the same database.
What is RAC? OCI Client Listener RAC Instance High Speed Interconnect ODM RAC Instance ODM Database CFS CVM Data & Control (files) Index and Temp (files) SG/SGeRAC SG/SGeRAC Listener CFS CVM Online Redo Logs (files) Archive Logs (files) 2 VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Installation and Configuration Guide
What is RAC? Operating System-Dependent Layer Oracle RAC relies on several support services provided by Serviceguard. The important features are cluster membership carried out by the cluster membership manager and inter-node communication. The actual implementation of these functions is described later in this chapter (see “Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC OSD Layer Support” on page 12). environment to transfer messages between instances.
Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Overview Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Overview Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC provides a complete I/O and communications stack to support Oracle RAC. This software also monitors and manages the startup and shutdown of instances. The following section describes the overall data and communications flow of the Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC stack.
Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Overview Cluster State GAB LLT ODM RAC Cache Fusion/Lock Mgmt Datafile Management ODM CFS File System MetaData CFS CVM Volume Management CVM SG/SGeRAC Core RAC GAB LLT SG/SGeRAC Core Communications Stack Overview The diagram above shows the data and communications stacks. Each of the components in the data stack requires communications with its peer on other systems to function properly.
Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Communications Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Communications The communications package for Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC consist of LLT and GAB. Low Latency Transport (LLT) LLT provides fast, kernel-to-kernel communications, and monitors network connections. LLT serves as a high performance replacement for the IP stack and runs directly on top of the Data Link Protocol Interface (DLPI) layer.
Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Communications Group Membership Services/Atomic Broadcast (GAB) GAB is responsible for Cluster Membership and Cluster Communications as described below. Cluster Membership All nodes in a distributed system, such as Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC, must be aware of each node currently participating in the cluster. Nodes can leave or join the cluster because of shutting down, starting up, rebooting, powering off, or faulting processes.
Cluster Volume Manager (CVM) Cluster Volume Manager (CVM) CVM is an extension of VERITAS Volume Manager (VxVM), the industry standard storage virtualization platform. CVM extends the concepts of VxVM across multiple nodes. Each node recognizes the same logical volume layout and state of all volume resources. Use standard VxVM commands from one node in the cluster to manage all storage. All other nodes immediately recognize any changes in disk group and volume configuration with no interaction.
Cluster File System Cluster File System CFS is an extension of the industry standard VERITAS File System (VxFS). CFS enables you to simultaneously mount the same file system on multiple nodes. Unlike other clustered file systems, CFS is a true SAN file system; all I/O occurs over the storage area network. Coordination between nodes occurs through messages across the cluster interconnects. CFS Architecture CFS incorporates a primary/secondary architecture.
VERITAS Cluster Server ODM Clustering Extensions All ODM features can operate in a cluster environment. Nodes communicate with each other before performing any operation that could potentially affect another node. For example, before creating a new data file with a specific name, ODM checks with other nodes to see if the file name is already in use.
Preparing to Install Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC 2 This chapter provides an overall view of the product and phases of the installation and configuration for VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC (version 4.1). Refer to the information below for hardware and software requirements and information you need to have on hand when interacting with the installation utilities.
Requirements for Installing Components Removing Pre-existing License Keys 1. To view license key files currently installed on a node, type: # cd /opt/VRTS/bin # ./vxlicrep The output lists the license keys and information about their respective products. 2. Navigate to the directory containing the license key files and list the files: # cd /etc/vx/licenses/lic # ls -a 3. Move the license key files to another location for future reference.
Chapters removed Chapters 3, 4, 5, and 6 have been deleted.
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Using Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback 7 VERITAS Storage Checkpoints enable efficient backup and recovery of Oracle databases. This chapter describes Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback and how to use these technologies through Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC.
Using Storage Checkpoints and Storage Rollback for Backup and Restore A direct application of the Storage Checkpoint facility is Storage Rollback. Because each Storage Checkpoint is a consistent, point-in-time image of a file system, Storage Rollback is the restore facility for these on-disk backups. Storage rollback rolls back blocks contained in a Storage Checkpoint into the primary file system for faster database recovery.
Determining Space Requirements for Storage Checkpoints Mountable Storage Checkpoints can be used for a wide range of application solutions, including backup, investigations into data integrity, staging upgrades or database modifications, and data replication solutions. Note For more information on mountable Storage Checkpoints, see “Mounting Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptmount” on page 148.
Performance of Storage Checkpoints If you are restoring some of the files in the file system, you should first remove the data-full Storage Checkpoints that are no longer needed. If you have very limited free space on the file system, you may have to remove all data-full Storage Checkpoints in order for the restore to succeed. Always reserve free disk space for growing volumes and file systems.
Setting Up the SFRAC Storage Checkpoint Feature for Use Setting Up the SFRAC Storage Checkpoint Feature for Use To enable use of the Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Storage Checkpoint feature: ✔ Set the ownership and permissions for the Storage Checkpoint utility. ✔ Choose only one instance from the database for which you want to create and manage a Storage Checkpoint. ✔ From the appropriate system, create a repository directory.
Setting Up the SFRAC Storage Checkpoint Feature for Use 2. Create and mount a file system for the database repository. In this example, the shared file system ckptrepvol1 with a size of 300 Megabytes is created and mounted at the mount point ckptrep. The repository directory is /ckptrep/test.
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints Storage Checkpoints can be created by specifying one of the following options: online, offline, or instant. To create a Storage Checkpoint with the online option, the database should be online and you must enable ARCHIVELOG mode for the database. During the creation of the Storage Checkpoint, the tablespaces are placed in backup mode.
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints combination of data redundancy (disk mirroring) and Storage Checkpoints is recommended for highly critical data to protect them from both physical media failure and logical errors.
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints Verifying a Storage Checkpoint Using the Command Line After creating a Storage Checkpoint, you may verify that it is free of errors using the procedure below. Usage Notes See the sfrac_ckptcreate(1M) and sfrac_ckptmount(1M) manual pages for more information. Also refer to the examples, “Creating Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptcreate” on page 144 and “Mounting Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptmount” on page 148.
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total 138 Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Pages Examined : Processed (Data) : Failing (Data) : Processed (Index): Failing (Index): Processed (Other): Processed (Seg) : Failing (Seg) : Empty : Marked Corrupt : Influx : 25600 0 0 0 0 8880 0 0 16720 0 0 VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Installation and Configurat
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints Guidelines for Oracle Recovery For optimal Oracle recovery, follow these guidelines: ◆ Back up all control files before storage rollback in case the subsequent Oracle recovery is not successful. Oracle recommends that you keep at least two copies of the control files for each Oracle database and that you store the copies on different disks.
Backing Up and Recovering the Database Using Storage Checkpoints Note After rolling back the database (including control files and redo logs) to an instant Storage Checkpoint, you need to recover the Oracle database instance. Rolling the database forward is not supported; that is, you cannot apply archived redo logs.
Using the Storage Checkpoint Command Line Interface (CLI) Using the Storage Checkpoint Command Line Interface (CLI) VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC provides a command line interface to many key operations. The command line interface lets you incorporate command operations into scripts and other administrative processes. Overview of Commands VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC commands supported in the command line interface are located in the /opt/VRTS/bin directory.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Examples of Using the Command Line Interface This section provides examples for using the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC command line interface to perform administrative operations. For more detailed information about the commands and their syntax and available options, see the individual manual pages. Prerequisites ◆ ◆ 142 You must log in as the database administrator to use the following CLI commands.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Creating or Updating The Repository Using sfrac_update You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_update command to create or update the repository for VxDBA. Prerequisites You must be logged on as the database administrator (typically, the user ID oracle). Usage Notes ▼ ◆ The sfrac_update command creates a repository in the $VXDBA_DBPATH/ORACLE_SID directory where information used by VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC is kept.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Creating Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptcreate ◆ You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_ckptcreate command to create a Storage Checkpoint from the command line. Storage Checkpoints can be either online, offline, or instant. See the sfrac_ckptcreate(1M) manual page for more information.If online is specified, the database is put into hot-backup mode when the Storage Checkpoint is created.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Displaying Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptdisplay You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_ckptdisplaycommand from the command line to display the Storage Checkpoints associated with a running Oracle database. Usage Notes ▼ ◆ See the sfrac_ckptdisplay(1M) manual page for more information. ◆ The default ordering for sorting Storage Checkpoint names is “-r” (most to least recent).
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Scheduling Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptcreate and cron You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_ckptcreate command to schedule Storage Checkpoint creation in a cron job or other administrative script.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Scheduling Storage Checkpoint creation in a cron Job ◆ To create a Storage Checkpoint twice a day, at 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., every Monday through Friday, include the following entry in your crontab file: 0 5,19 * * 1-5 /opt/VRTS/bin/sfrac_ckptcreate -S DB12 \ -H $ORACLE_HOME -o online ◆ To create a Storage Checkpoint at 11:30 p.m.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Mounting Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptmount You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_ckptmount command to mount a Storage Checkpoint for an Oracle database from the command line. Usage Notes ▼ ◆ The sfrac_ckptmount command is used to mount a Storage Checkpoint into the file system namespace.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Unmounting Storage Checkpoints Using sfrac_ckptumount You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC sfrac_ckptumount command from the command line to unmount a Storage Checkpoint for an Oracle database. Usage Notes ▼ ◆ The sfrac_ckptumount command is used to unmount a mounted Storage Checkpoint from the file system namespace.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface Performing Storage Rollback Using sfrac_ckptrollback You can use the VERITAS Storage Foundation for RAC sfrac_ckptrollback command to roll back an Oracle instance to a Storage Checkpoint. Usage Notes ▼ ◆ The sfrac_ckptrollback rolls an Oracle database back to a specified Storage Checkpoint. You can perform a storage rollback for the entire database, a specific tablespace, or list of datafiles.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface ▼ To roll back datafiles to a Storage Checkpoint Use the sfrac_ckptrollback command with the -F option as in the following example: $ /opt/VRTS/bin/sfrac_ckptrollback -S DB12 -H $ORACLE_HOME \ -F /share/oradata1/data01.dbf,/share/oradata2/index01.dbf \ -c Checkpoint_903937870 Note If the Oracle instance is running, you must take the datafile offline before running this command. If the datafile is online, the command will fail.
Examples of Using the Command Line Interface 152 VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle RAC Installation and Configuration Guide
8 Using Storage Mapping The storage mapping feature is available with SFRAC and enables you to map datafiles to physical devices. To obtain and view detailed storage topology information, use the vxstorage_stats command or the VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle GUI. You can also use the Oracle Enterprise Manager to access storage mapping information. Understanding Storage Mapping Access to mapping information allows for a detailed understanding of the storage hierarchy in which files reside.
Verifying VERITAS Storage Mapping Setup ◆ The vxstorage_stats command. This command displays the complete I/O topology mapping of a specific datafile from logical volumes down to actual physical devices. ◆ The VERITAS Storage Foundation for Oracle GUI. This GUI performs file mapping and displays information on storage mapping topology and I/O statistics. The Oracle Enterprise Manager GUI also displays storage mapping information after file mapping takes place.
Using vxstorage_stats Using vxstorage_stats The vxstorage_stats command displays detailed storage mapping information and I/O statistics about one or more VxFS files. The mapping information and I/O statistics exist only for VxFS files and VxVM volumes. In vxstorage_stats command output, I/O topology information appears first followed by summary statistics for each object. Some highlights on this command: ◆ You must log in as the database administrator (typically, the user ID oracle).
Using vxstorage_stats $ /opt/VRTSormap/bin/vxstorage_stats -s -f \ /data/system01.dbf/PRODqio/PRODqiotbs To display storage mapping and I/O statistics information at repeated intervals, use the vxstorage_stats command with the -i interval and -c count options.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) VERITAS has defined and implemented two libraries: libvxoramap_64.so (HPUX PA) and libvxoramap_64.sl (HPUX IA). These two libraries provide a mapping interface to Oracle9i release 2 or a later release. libvxoramap_64.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) ◆ Subelement components A mapping subelement component describes the link between an element and the next element in the I/O stack. The subelement component contains the subelement number and size, as well as the element name for the subelement and element offset. Subelement components are exported to the user through v$map_subelement. These four types of mapping components describe the mapping information for an Oracle instance.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) Verifying Oracle File Mapping Setup 1. Verify $ORACLE_HOME is ready for Oracle file mapping (ORAMAP): # cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/filemap/bin # ls –l -r-xr-x--- 1 root system 900616 Apr 08 19:16 fmputl -r-sr-xr-x 1 root system 14614 Apr 08 19:16 fmputlhp 2. Confirm the following items and make the appropriate corrections: ◆ root owns fmputlhp and the setud bit is set. ◆ The permissions for fmputlhp are -r-sr-xr-x. ◆ The permissions for fmputl are -r-xr-x---.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) Accessing Dynamic Performance Views 1. Confirm the VERITAS mapping library for Oracle file mapping is enabled: SQL> select lib_idx idx, lib_name name, vendor_name vname, \ path_name path from v$map_library; IDX NAME VNAME PATH -------- ---------------------------------------- -----------------------------1 Veritas ORAMAP API Veritas /opt/VRTSormap/lib/libvxoramap.so 2. After enabling storage mapping, map Oracle datafiles using the DBMS_STORAGE_MAP package.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 where el.elem_idx = sb.child_idx and fs.elem_idx = el.elem_idx start with sb.parent_idx in (select distinct elem_idx from v$map_file_extent fe, fv where fv.file_map_idx = fe.file_map_idx) connect by prior sb.child_idx = sb.parent_idx; Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Enterprise Manager is a Web console for managing Oracle databases.
Oracle File Mapping (ORAMAP) 9. By default, storage layout information appears in tabular format; the Tabular Display icon is selected. To view a graphical display of the storage layout, click the Graphical Display icon. 10. Expand the objects to display their storage layout information graphically. 11. To exit, choose Exit from the File menu.
Configuring Arrays for Storage Mapping and Statistics Configuring Arrays for Storage Mapping and Statistics SFRAC provides “deep” mapping information and performance statistics for supported storage arrays. Deep mapping involves identifying the physical disks comprising each LUN and hardware RAID information for the LUNs. Note Deep mapping requires Oracle 9.2.0.3. or a later version.
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Chapters, Appendices deleted Chapters 9, 10, 11, and 12 and Apendices A, B, C, D, E, and F have been deleted.
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Index vcsmmconfig 217 vxassist 69, 267 vxdctl enable 221 vxdg list 66 vxedit 266 vxfen start 58 vxfenadm 127 vxfenclearpre 225 vxstorage_stats 155 vxvol 267 configurations backing up main.cf for SFRAC upgrade 201 copying main.cf for SFRAC upgrade 202 editing for removed nodes 187 modifying 105 of service groups 85 using installsfrac -configure 39 using product installer 38 coordinator disks description 15 setting up 54 cron command 146 CVMCluster agent description 243 CVMTypes.
databases creating 83, 265 upgrading 83 dbca creating databases on CFS 267 creating databases on raw volumes 265 description 265 dependencies between service groups 88 disk groups overview 66 disk space required for SFRAC 24 disks adding and initializing 48 coordinator 15, 54 data 14 testing with vxfentsthdw 51 verifying node access 49 drivers tunable parameters 253 I I/O fencing components 14 coordinator disks 15 data disks 14 event scenarios 124 overview 13 setting up 48 shared storage 119 starting 58 te
nohup command 72, 76 S O operating systems supported 22 Oracle supported versions 22 Oracle Disk Manager (ODM) description 9 disabling library 82 Oracle instance description 1 Oracle service group configuring 101 creating 105 Oracle9i adding patches 80 creating databases 83 creating storage location for SRVM 69 creating users and groups 68 disabling ODM library 82 disk groups and volumes 66 installing Release 2 71 l overview of installation 65 tasks to install and configure 69 upgrading databases 83 Oracl
sfrac_update command 143 split brain description 13 SRVM creating storage location 69 storage for I/O fencing 119 Storage Checkpoints backing up and recovering databases 129, 135 creating 144 creating repositories for VxDBA 143 description 130 determining space requirements 131 displaying 145 mounting 148 performance 132 removing 151 scheduling 146 unmounting 149 using the CLI 141 Storage Mapping configuring arrays 163 description 153 ORAMAP 157 using Oracle Enterprise Manager 161 using the vxstorage_stats
