HP StorageWorks Business Copy XP user guide for the XP128/XP1024 Part number: T1613-96002 Second edition: December 2005
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Contents About this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Intended audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prerequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firmware versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Setting reserve attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reserving one or more volumes for use as BC S-VOLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resetting reserve attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unreserving one or more volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Tables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Paircreate window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pairsplit window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pairresync window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pairsplit-E window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pairsplit-S window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About this guide This guide provides information about the following: • ”Overview of BC operations” on page 11” • ”Preparing for BC operations” on page 32 • ”Performing BC operations” on page 36 • ”BC error codes” on page 58 Intended audience This guide is intended for customers and HP-authorized service providers experienced with the following: • Disk array hardware and software • Data processing and RAID storage subsystems and their basic functions Prerequisites Prerequisites for using this product incl
Document conventions and symbols Table 2 Document conventions Convention Element Blue text: Table 1 Cross-reference links and e-mail addresses Blue, underlined text: (http://www.hp.
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1 Business Copy XP (BC) for the XP128/XP1024 Business Copy XP (BC) maintains internal copies of user data on disk arrays for purposes such as data backup or duplication. Duplicate volumes are created on the same disk array as the primary volume at hardware speeds. BC is used for UNIX and PC server data, and can provide up to nine duplicates of one primary volume. This chapter provides instructions for performing BC operations using Command View XP or XP Remote Web Console.
• ”BC software on the Command View XP management station or XP Remote Web Console” on page 13 Figure 1 BC overview Use BC from the Command View XP management station or XP Remote Web Console to copy volumes in the local disk array. The volume that has original data is called a P-VOL (primary volume), and a volume to which data is copied is called an S-VOL (secondary volume). Pairs of P-VOLs and S-VOLs made by BC are called BC pairs. You can specify an S-VOL as a P-VOL to make another two BC pairs.
differential data in the S-VOL (due to P-VOL and S-VOL updates) is copied to the P-VOL, so the P-VOL is now identical to the S-VOL. NOTE: BC S-VOLs are updated asynchronously. For a volume pair with PAIR status, the P-VOL and S-VOL may not be identical. For further information on BC update copy operations, see ”Paircreate operation” on page 16. BC P-VOLs or S-VOLs should not be concentrated in the same RAID group.
Table 3 BC operational requirements (continued) Parameter Requirement MU numbers of cascade pairs L1 pairs = 0, 1, and 2 (total of 3 pairs) Combinations of RAID levels (primary- secondary) All combinations supported: RAID1-RAID1, RAID5-RAID5, RAID1-RAID5, and RAID5-RAID1.
( β ) = 2,048 when number of CUs is equal to or less than 4 ( β ) = 4,096 when number of CUs is equal to or more than 5 For example, if you create 10 pairs of OPEN-3 volumes and 20 pairs of OPEN-V (60 GB) volumes, the total number of differential tables per pair, Σ ( α ) , is (1 x 10) + (7 x 20) = 150.
Number of pairs that can be created with volumes of each emulation type and capacity Table 4 Volume No. Emulation Type Capacity 11 OPEN-V 9.6 GB or less 12 No. of differential tables per pair needed for controlling the difference between the primary and secondary volumes No. of pairs that can be created (If the volumes of the same emulation type and capacity are used to create all the pairs) CUs is 4 or less CUs is 5 or more 1 2,047 4,095 9.7 GB – 19.1 GB 2 1,024 2,048 13 19.2 GB – 28.
Initial copy operation This operation occurs when you create a new volume pair (see Figure 2). The BC initial copy operation copies all data on the P-VOL to the associated S-VOL. The P-VOL remains available to all hosts for read and write I/Os throughout the initial copy operation. After the initial copy is complete, the update copy operation duplicates write operations performed on the P-VOL during the initial copy operation at the S-VOL. Before the initial copy operation, the status of a pair is SMPL.
• If shared memory is lost (for example, offline micro exchange or volatile PS on), the differential bitmap is also lost. In this case, the disk array treats the entire BC P-VOL (S-VOL for COPY(RS) pairs) as difference data and recopies all data to the S-VOL (P-VOL for COPY(RS) pairs) to ensure proper pair resynchronization. For pairs with COPY(SP) or PSUS(SP) status, the disk array changes the status to PSUE due to the loss of the differential bitmap, also ensuring proper resynchronization of these pairs.
Pairresync operations To change the status of the pairs from PSUS to PAIR, or from PSUE to PAIR, you must resynchronize the pairs. BC can perform the following types of pairresync operations according to the speed and direction of the resynchronization: • Normal Copy • Quick Resync • Reverse Copy • Quick Restore Use the Pairresync pane to resynchronize split and suspended BC pairs. When the pairresync operation starts, the pair status changes to COPY(RS) or COPY(RS-R).
differential map is copied, and the P-VOL remains accessible to all hosts for read and write operations. The S-VOL becomes inaccessible to all hosts during a quick pairresync operation. Figure 4 Normal and quick pairresync operations Backward pairresync operation A backward pairresync operation resynchronizes pairs by copying data on S-VOLs to P-VOLs. The following are the types of backward pairresync operations: • Reverse. This operation (see Figure 5) synchronizes the P-VOL with the S-VOL.
restore operation. Quick restore cannot be performed on L2 cascade pairs. Table 5 lists operational requirements for the quick restore operation. Figure 5 Reverse and quick restore pair operations NOTE: The P-VOL remains read-enabled during the quick restore operation only to enable the host to recognize the volume. Data on the P-VOL is not guaranteed until the quick restore operation is complete and the status changes to PAIR.
• Release the Cache LUN XP settings of the P-VOL and S-VOL before the quick restore operation, and reset the Cache LUN XP settings of the P-VOL and S-VOL after the pair changes to PAIR status as a result of the quick restore operation. CAUTION: If you do not want the P-VOL and S-VOL to be resynchronized after the quick restore operation, set the Swap&Freeze option before performing the quick restore operation (see ”Swap&Freeze option” on page 24 and ”Setting BC options” on page 58).
Pair status and time required for pairresync The pairresync operation can be performed on a split pair or suspended pair. This section describes the relationship between the pair status and the time required for pairresync operations. • Pairresync for split pair. When a normal/quick pairresync operation is performed on a split pair (status = PSUS), the disk array copies all flagged tracks from the P-VOL to the S-VOL.
Use the Pairsplit-S window (see ”Deleting BC pairs (Pairsplit-S)” on page 54) to delete BC pairs. When a BC pair is deleted, pending update copy operations for the pair are discarded, and the status of the P-VOL and S-VOL is changed to SMPL. CAUTION: The S-VOL of a duplex pair (PAIR status) may not be identical to its P-VOL due to the asynchronous BC update copy operations. See ”Deleting BC pairs (Pairsplit-S)” on page 54 for instructions on synchronizing the volumes before deleting the pair.
The following figure shows the state of the S-VOL after the quick restore operation with or without the Swap&Freeze option. Figure 6 Quick Restore operation with or without Swap&Freeze option The Quick Restore pairresync operation on a pair with status of PSUS exchanges data in the pair’s P-VOL and S-VOL. If you use the Swap&Freeze option when performing the Quick Restore pairresync operation, the update copy operation will not take place after the Quick Restore pairresync operation is complete.
For the Level 2 (L2) pairs, the L1 S-VOLs are now all acting as L2 P-VOLs. Because they are already a member of one pair, the next MU number for each of them is MU=1 for their first L2 pair and MU=2 for their second L2 pair. For the S-VOLs associated with each of these pairs, the MU number is once again MU=0 because this is the first pair of which they are a member.
• “MU#” in Figure 7 means MU number, which identifies each MU. MU#=1 under S-VOL1 means the MU number of the P-VOL that is paired with the S-VOL1 is 1.
read/write operations from host to node volume and status of L1/L2 pairs. Table 10 shows the relationship between read/write operations from host to leaf volume and L2 pair status.
When the At-Time Split function is enabled, data in all P-VOLs in the same consistency group is copied to the corresponding S-VOLs when the disk array receives the pairsplit request from the host server. The following figure shows an overview of the At-Time Split function. Figure 8 At-time Split Function (Specifying the Split Time) Enabling the At-Time Split function using RAID Manager 1. Create BC At-Time Split pairs as follows: a. Define a consistency group for BC pairs.
NOTE: After the pairsplit, response time of the first I/O to each logical unit (LU) can be up to approximately five seconds in the worst case. This worst case should be in a one-to-three BC pair situation and 36 LDEV LUSE configuration. Pair status The BC remote console software displays the pair status of all BC volumes (LUs) on the specified port of the connected disk array. The following figure shows the BC pair status transitions and the relationship between pair status and BC operations.
complete, the pair status changes to PSUS and you can access the split S-VOL. The update copy operation is not performed on pairs with status of PSUS. • If the disk array cannot maintain PAIR status for any reason or if you suspend the pair (pairsplit-E), the pair status changes to PSUE. NOTE: • When you specify reverse or quick restore mode for a pairresync operation, the pair status changes to COPY(RS-R) (data is copied in the reverse direction from the S-VOL to the P-VOL).
Table 11 BC pair status conditions (continued) Pair Status Description S-VOL Access COPY(RS-R) The disk array does not accept write I/Os for COPY(RS-R) S-VOLs. When a split pair is resynchronized in reverse or quick restore mode, the disk array copies only the S-VOL differential data to the P-VOL. No update copy operations are performed during the reverse or quick restore pairresync operation. Read only.
representative to ensure that your disk array is optimized for your configuration of concurrent operations. Each disk array feature can affect disk array performance and/or operation of other features. For example, BC and Continuous Access XP operations both involve initial copy and update copy operations to secondary/remote volumes in addition to host I/O workload. • Identify the volumes (LUs) you will use for BC operations.
CAUTION: See ”Pairresync operations” on page 19 for important information on performing quick restore operations on Cache LUN XP volumes. • Continuous Access XP. Continuous Access XP volumes can be assigned to BC pairs, and BC volumes can be assigned to Continuous Access XP pairs. See ”Combining BC and Continuous Access XP operations” on page 34 for important information on BC and Continuous Access XP shared volume configurations. • Auto LUN XP. BC can be assigned to Auto LUN XP migration volumes.
• Use Continuous Access XP to provide remote backup copies of BC P-VOLs Figure 10 BC and Continuous Access XP: shared P-VOL/P-VOL The configuration shown in Figure 11 is an example of a volume functioning as both a Continuous Access XP S-VOL and BC P-VOL. With this configuration, you can use BC to provide remote copies of Continuous Access XP S-VOLs.
NOTE: This configuration does not allow BC and Continuous Access XP to copy at the same time. Create the BC pair first, and then split the pair before creating the Continuous Access XP pair. You must suspend the Continuous Access XP pair to resync the BC pair. The Continuous Access XP pair status cannot be changed when the BC pair is in PSUS(SP) status.
The following icons appear in the tree: Table 13 Icon BC tree icons Meaning Port Host group LUN Root NOTE: You can filter volumes or volume pairs displayed in the Volume list on the upper-right side of the Display tab by selecting a port, host group, or volume (P-VOL). To display all volumes and pairs, select Port at the top of the Tree View box. • The Volume list on the upper-right of the Display pane shows all available volumes on the port, host group, or P-VOL selected in the Tree View box.
NOTE: The value (Y) does not include Auto LUN XP pairs. If Auto LUN XP pairs exist, the BC paircreate operation may fail, even when (Y) is less than 4,095. • Use the Display Filter button to filter volumes displayed in the Volume list. • The Apply button performs BC operations displayed in the Preset Volume list in the disk array. If the specified operations complete successfully, the Preset Volume list is cleared.
• Progress: If the volume pair is in COPY status, the copy progress (%) is displayed (for example, 0% or 45%). If there is no S-VOL, --- is displayed. • Type: Device emulation type (for example, OPEN-3). • Capacity(MB): Storage capacity of the volume in MB. • CLPR(P): The cache logical partition of the P-VOL is displayed. • CLPR(S): the cache logical partition of the S-VOL is displayed.
Detail window This window displays information for the selected volume or pair. To open the Detail window, select a pair or volume in the Volume list, right-click, and select Detail. If the P-VOL of the selected pair has two or more S-VOLs sharing the same P-VOL, the Detail window displays all S-VOLs. Figure 16 Detail window S-Vol Path window This window displays information on the selected pair (all paths defined for the S-VOL).
Display Filter window This window filters volumes displayed in the Volume list by reserve attribute, pair condition, and pair status. To open the Display Filter window, click Display Filter on the BC main screen, or select any pair or volume in the Volume list, right-click, and select Display Filter. Figure 18 Display Filter window The Display Filter window has the following features: • The CLPR drop-down list displays the specified cache logical partition (CLPR).
Preset Volume list The Preset Volume list is located below the Volume list, and lists the specified operations (volume/pair information) that have not been performed in the disk array. Figure 19 Preset Volume list Use the Preset Volume list to hold multiple settings of the same operation only. You cannot display different types of operations (for example, pairsplit and pairresync) in the Preset Volume list at the same time. You can also cancel the operations in the Preset Volume list.
• S-Vol Path: CU:LDEV (control unit image:logical device ID) of the S-VOL. • Pace: Copying pace for all pairs being created: Slower, Medium, and Faster. • Code: If the specified option in the Preset Volume list is performed by clicking Apply, but the operation fails, the reason code is displayed. To perform the specified operations, click Apply on the BC main screen. When all operations are performed successfully, the Preset Volume list is cleared.
3. Display reserved SMPL volumes in the Volume List. NOTE: To display unreserved SMPL volumes in the Volume List, open the Display Filter window, clear the Reserved and Pair check boxes, select the Non-Pair check box, and click OK. 4. Select the volumes, right-click, and select Change Reserve. The Set Reserve Attribute window appears. If the Change Reserve command is not enabled, you selected paired volumes. Select only unreserved and unpaired volumes. 5.
5. In the Reset Reserve Attribute window, select the volume you want to unreserve, and click OK. The setting is reflected in the Preset Volume list on the BC main screen. 6. In the BC main screen, click Apply. 7. Verify that the settings are reflected in the disk array. To check the attribute, click Display Filter. Creating BC pairs (Paircreate) CAUTION: The BC paircreate operation overwrites all existing data on the S-VOLs. You are responsible for backing up data on the S-VOLs before creating BC pairs.
• Path: CU:LDEV of the P-VOL. • MU: MU number of the P-VOL. • Status: Status of the P-VOL. • Port: Port ID (cluster and channel number) of the first S-VOL of each volume pair. • Group: Host group ID of the S-VOL. • S-Vol Path: CU:LDEV of the S-VOL. • Type: Emulation type of the P-VOL and S-VOL. • Capacity(MB): Volume capacity displayed in megabytes (MB). Copy Pace list Use the Copy Pace list to select the copy pace for all pairs being created: Slower, Medium, and Faster.
• Cascade: Adds the selected S-VOL and P-VOL (node volume) to the Paircreate Volume List as a L2 pair. To use the Cascade button, select one of the listed L1 pairs. • OK: Adds the operation (setting) to create a new pair using the P-VOL and S-VOL selected in the Paircreate pane to the Preset List on the BC main pane. NOTE: To apply the new pair operation setting displayed in the Preset List to the disk array, click Apply on the BC main screen.
CAUTION: The L2 paircreate operation overwrites all existing data on the L2 S-VOLs. You are responsible for backing up the data on the S-VOLs before creating BC pairs. Creating L2 pairs 1. Ensure that the L2 S-VOLs are unmounted. 2. In the BC main screen, select the L1 pairs to which you want to add the L2 pairs, right-click the selected L1 pairs, and select Paircreate. The Paircreate window appears. 3.
• ”Creating and splitting pairs” on page 50 Pairsplit Volume List This list in the upper half of the Pairsplit pane displays the following information about the P-VOL and S-VOL of the pair you want to split: • Port: Port ID (cluster and channel number) of the P-VOL • Group: Host group ID of the P-VOL • Path: CU:LDEV of the P-VOL • MU: MU number of the P-VOL • Status: Status of the P-VOL • Port: Port ID (cluster and channel number) of the first S-VOL of each volume pair • Group: Host group ID of the S-VOL •
Buttons • Set: Adds the selected S-VOL and P-VOL to the Pairsplit Volume List as an L1 pair. • Change: Replaces the existing S-VOL of the selected L1 pair (that is, the S-VOL of the pair after completing the operation selected in the Pairsplit Volume List) with the selected S-VOL. • Cascade: Adds the selected S-VOL and P-VOL (node volume) to the Pairsplit Volume List as an L2 pair. To use the Cascade button, select one of the listed L1 pairs.
CAUTION: The P-VOL and S-VOL are synchronized only when the pair status changes from COPY(SP) or PSUS(SP) to PSUS. Due to the BC asynchronous update copy operations, this status transition can take several minutes. 2. In the BC main screen, select the port, host group, or P-VOL in the Tree View box to filter the volumes displayed in the Volume list. 3. Select the volumes that will be the P-VOLs of the new pairs to be created and split, right-click the selected P-VOLs, and select Pairsplit.
Resynchronizing BC pairs (Pairresync) The Pairresync window displays pair information for pairs selected on the BC main screen. Use the Pairresync window to resynchronize pairs. To open the Pairresync window, select one or more PSUS or PSUE pairs in the Volume list on the BC main screen, right-click the selected pair, and select Pairresync. Figure 24 Pairresync window The Pairresync pane consists of the following components.
Resynchronizing one or more BC pairs 1. Unmount the split (PSUS) S-VOLs before starting the pairresync operations. When the pairresync operation starts, the disk array stops accepting write I/Os to the S-VOL. 2. In the BC main screen, select the port, host group, or P-VOL in the Tree View box to filter the volumes displayed in the Volume list. 3. In the BC main screen, select the pairs to resync, right-click the selected pairs, and select Pairresync. The Pairresync window appears. 4.
Suspending BC pairs (Pairsplit-E) The Pairsplit-E window displays pair information for pairs selected on the BC main screen. Use the Pairsplit-E window to suspend pairs. To open the Pairsplit-E window, select one or more pairs (except SMPL and PSUE pairs) in the Volume list on the BC main screen, right-click the selected pairs, and click Pairsplit-E. Figure 25 Pairsplit-E window The Pairsplit-E window lists pairs selected on the BC main screen and shows pair status and copy pace for each pair.
and PSUS(SP) pairs) in the Volume list on the BC main screen, right-click the selected pairs, and select Pairsplit-S. Figure 26 Pairsplit-S window The Pairsplit-S window lists pairs selected on the BC main screen and shows pair status and copy pace for each pair. The OK button deletes selected pairs. The Cancel button closes the Pairsplit-S window and returns to the BC main screen. Deleting one or more BC pairs 1. To synchronize the P-VOL and S-VOL before deleting the pair: a.
Viewing BC pair status and history The History pane displays current BC pair status information and BC pair history information for the selected port. To open the History pane, click the History tab on the BC main screen. Figure 27 History pane The BC History pane displays the following information: • BC pair activity listed by date and time, LU information (port, host group ID, LUN) and volume ID (CU:LDEV) of the P-VOL and S-VOL, and BC code and message (see Table 16).
Table 16 BC pair activity codes, messages, and descriptions (continued) Code Message Description 4740 - 474F PSUS END BC pairsplit operation ended, and pair status changed to PSUS. 4750 - 475F COPY(RS) START BC pairresync operation started, and pair status changed to COPY(RS) or COPY(RS-R). COPY(RS-R) START 4760 - 476F COPY(RS) END COPY(RS-R) END BC pairresync operation ended, and pair status changed to PAIR.
Setting BC options You can set the BC options by selecting and/or clearing the option check boxes on the Option screen. To display the Option screen, click the Option tab on the BC main screen. Figure 28 Option screen The Select Option box displays check boxes for the BC options. NOTE: More options will be supported in the future. See ”BC options” on page 24 for further information. The Apply button applies the option settings in the Select Option box. Setting a BC option (Swap&Freeze option) 1.
Error Code Description Corrective Action 0801 The BC feature could not be used. Ensure that the disk array has the correct microcode level for BC, the disk array has BC installed and enabled, and the Command View XP management station or XP Remote Web Console has BC installed and enabled. 080B The request could not be accepted. Retry about one minute later. 0810 The specified command cannot be accepted in this status. (The command was rejected.
Error Code Description Corrective Action 088008FF Logical contradiction. Call HP technical support for assistance. 0C70 A P-VOL is not installed. Volumes that are not installed cannot be processed. 0C71 The P-VOL cannot be used. Call HP technical support to make the P-VOL status normal. 0C72 The P-VOL is being formatted. Wait until formatting the P-VOL completes. 0C80 The S-VOL is not installed. Volumes that are not installed cannot be processed. 0C81 The S-VOL cannot be used.
Error Code Description Corrective Action 1026 It is impossible to make a pair any more because the volume that was specified as P-VOL is root volume already. Delete some of the pairs of root volume. 1027 It is impossible to make a pair any more because the volume that was specified as P-VOL is node volume already. Delete some of the pairs of node volume. 1028 It is impossible to make a pair because the volume that was specified as P-VOL is leaf volume already. Confirm a pair condition.
Error Code Description Corrective Action 104E The volume specified as a Reserve volume is being used as a CA P-VOL. Delete the Continuous Access XP pair. 104F The volume specified as a Reserve volume is being used as a CA S-VOL. Delete the Continuous Access XP pair. 1050 The specified P-VOL and S-VOL are not a BC pair. Check the pair status. 1051 The volume numbers of the specified P-VOL and S-VOL are the same. Retry after refreshing the screen.
Index A activity codes 56 At-Time Split function 28 attributes, resetting reserve 44 audience, documentation 7 Auto LUN, combining with BC 34 B backward pairresync operation 20 BC main screen 36 C Cache LUN, combining with BC 33 cache maintenance 14 cascade function 18, 25 cascade pairs creating 18, 25 defined 13 MU numbers 49 resynchronizing 53 status 27 change reserve operation, shortcuts 39 combining with other data management operations 33 Command View XP management station 13 components 11 Continuous
operations overview of 11 pair status and 27 Option screen 58 P P.I.T.
Swap&Freeze 24 update copy operation 17 Volume list 37, 38 Q quick quick quick quick pairresync operation 19 restore operation 24, 27 restore pairresync operation 20 split operation 49 R RAID groups 13, 14 RAID Manager, enabling At-Time Split function 29 requirements 13 reserve volumes 16, 43, 44 reset reserve attribute operation 16 Reset Reserve Attribute window 44 resynchronizing pairs pairresync operation 52 Swap&Freeze 24 resynchronizing S-VOLs 19 reverse pairresync operation 20, 27 root volume 26 S
Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 BC overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a pair in BC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Update copy operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Recommended and minimum firmware versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Document conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 BC operational requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .