user guide hp StorageWorks zoning version 3.1.x/4.1.x Product Version: 3.1.x/4.1.x Third Edition (June 2003) Part Number: AA–RS26C–TE This user guide provides an overview of zoning, instructions for activating zoning, and information about configuring and using zoning and QuickLoop zones.
© Copyright 1999-2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
contents Contents About this Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Zone Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commands to Open a Transaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commands to Close a Transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zoning Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zone Enforcement . . .
Contents QuickLoop Fabric Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabric Assist Zone Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabric Assist Zone Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabric Assist Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents B Using Zoning to Administer Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Figures 1 License activation using telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
about this guide About this Guide This user guide provides information to help you: ■ Understand Zoning ■ Install Zoning ■ Configure and use Zoning and QuickLoop zones ■ Contact technical support for additional assistance About this Guide “About this Guide” topics include: ■ Overview, page 8 ■ Conventions, page 9 ■ Getting Help, page 11 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
About this Guide Overview This section covers the following topics: ■ Intended Audience ■ Related Documentation Intended Audience This book is intended for use by system administrators who are experienced with the following: ■ HP StorageWorks Fibre Channel SAN switches ■ Fabric Operating System (FOS) V3.1.x or later Related Documentation For a list of related documents included with this product, see the “Related Documents” section of the Release Notes that came with your switch.
About this Guide Conventions Conventions consist of the following: ■ Document Conventions ■ Text Symbols Document Conventions The document conventions included in Table 1 apply in most cases.
About this Guide Note: Text set off in this manner presents commentary, sidelights, or interesting points of information. 10 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
About this Guide Getting Help If you still have a question after reading this guide, contact an HP authorized service provider or access our website: http://www.hp.com. HP Technical Support Telephone numbers for worldwide technical support are listed on the following HP website: http://www.hp.com/support/. From this website, select the country of origin. Note: For continuous quality improvement, calls may be recorded or monitored.
About this Guide 12 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Introducing Zoning 1 This chapter provides the following information: ■ Overview, page 14 ■ License Activation, page 15 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Introducing Zoning Overview A zone in a fabric is a set of devices that have access to one another. All devices connected to a fabric may be configured into one or more zones. Every zone has at least one member. Empty zones are not allowed. Zoning allows partitioning of a Storage Area Network (SAN) into logical groupings of devices that access each other. Zones can be configured dynamically and can vary in size depending on the number of fabric-connected devices.
Introducing Zoning License Activation Before using a feature verify that the specific license is activated. Use the licenseShow command to view a list of all licenses activated on your switch, as shown in the example below. If the necessary license is not included in the list, continue with License Activation Using Telnet on page 16 or License Activation Using Web Tools on page 17. 1. Log onto the switch by telnet using an account that has administrative privileges. 2.
Introducing Zoning License Activation Using Telnet switch:admin> licenseshow SdcReRcbSbjedSfa: Web license SdcReRcbSbjedSfb: Zoning license SdcReRcbSbjedSd: QuickLoop license SdcReRcbSbjedSfe: Fabric license SdcReRcbSbjedSff: Remote Switch license SdcReRcbSbjedSfg: Remote Fabric license SdcReRcbSbjedSfh: Extended Fabric license SdcReRcbSbjedSfj: Entry Fabric license SdcReRcbSbVedSfM: Fabric Watch license SdcReRcbSbXedSfO: Performance Monitor license SdcReRcbSbbedSfS: Trunking license SdcReRcbSbjedSfy: Secu
Introducing Zoning 2. Verify the license was added by entering the licenseshow command, as shown in Figure 1. The feature is now activated and available. License Activation Using Web Tools If a Web Tools license is activated, Web Tools can be used to activate additional licenses. 1. Launch a Web browser, enter the switch name or IP address in the Location/Address section of the browser, and press Enter. Web Tools launches, displaying the Fabric View. 2. Click the Admin button on the relevant switch panel.
Introducing Zoning 18 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts 2 This chapter provides the following information: ■ About Zoning, page 20 ■ Guidelines to Setting Up Zoning, page 21 ■ Zone Definitions, page 22 ■ Zone Management, page 26 ■ Zoning Schemes, page 28 ■ Implementing Zoning, page 30 ■ Zone Merging Scenarios, page 40 ■ Rules of Zoning Architecture, page 43 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts About Zoning A zone is a specified group of fabric-connected devices, also called zone objects. Any device, or zone object, connected to the fabric can be included in one or more zones. Each zone object within a zone can communicate only with other zone objects within the same zone; any device outside of a zone cannot communicate with zone objects located inside a zone.
Zoning Concepts Guidelines to Setting Up Zoning Below are some guidelines for setting up zoning in your fabric: ■ Create a detailed diagram of the fabric, showing all the switches with their inter-switch links (ISLs). The diagram will help to account for every port in the fabric. ■ Create an expanded diagram of each switch in the fabric. This diagram will account for every port type on each switch in the fabric (F_Port, FL_Port, E_Port etc.).
Zoning Concepts Zone Definitions A Zone in a fabric is a set of devices that have access to one another. All devices connected to a fabric may be configured into one or more zones. Every zone has at least one zone object. Empty zones are not allowed. The zone objects are described by a semicolon-separated list of member definitions. The memory constraints for zoning are far larger than the number of devices that can be connected to a fabric. The zone size for Fabric OS V4.1 is 128 KB.
Zoning Concepts Selecting Ports on the Core Switch 2/64 The commands used to administer the Fabric OS V4.1 require specification of the slot and area numbers. These commands use a common specification method. Area numbers distinguish StorageWorks Core switch ports that have the same port number but are on different slots. When specifying a particular slot and port for a command, the slot number operand must be followed by a slash (/), followed by the port number value.
Zoning Concepts Table 2: Area and Port Mappings (Continued) Slot Number Area and Port Mappings on a Switch Slot 8 Area numbers range from 16 to 31 Port numbers range from 0 to 15 Slot 9 Area numbers range from 32 to 47 Port numbers range from 0 to 15 Slot 10 Area numbers range from 48 to 63 Port numbers range from 0 to 15 Zone Objects and Aliases The following sections describe zone objects and zone aliases. Zone Objects Zone objects are the devices or ports in a zone.
Zoning Concepts Zone Configurations A zone configuration is a group of zones that are enforced whenever that zone configuration is enabled. A zone can be included in more than one zone configuration. To define a zone configuration, specify the list of zones to be included and assign a zone configuration name. A zone configuration is a set of zones. Zoning may be disabled at any time. When a zone configuration is in effect, all zones that are members of that configuration are in effect.
Zoning Concepts Zone Management Zoning may be managed one of three ways: either by logging into the switch via telnet, via Web Tools, or via Fabric Manager. Any switch in the fabric can be used to make changes to the zoning configuration. The changes will be replicated to all the other switches in the fabric only if commands which “close a transaction” are used. Zoning commands are executed under the transaction model. A working copy of the defined configuration is created at the start of a transaction.
Zoning Concepts qloopCreate Create a qloop qloopDelete Delete a qloop qloopRemove Remove a member from a configuration zoneAdd Add a member to a zone zoneCreate Create a zone zoneDelete Delete a zone zoneRemove Remove a member from a zone Commands to Close a Transaction The following commands close a transaction: cfgDisable Disable a zone configuration cfgEnable Enable a zone configuration cfgSave Save zone configurations in flash Informative Commands—The following commands do not impac
Zoning Concepts Zoning Schemes Zone schemes are the method in which a zone is established. A zone is established by identifying zone objects by using one or more of the following schemes: the switch and port, World Wide Name (WWN), or AL_PA. The zoning schemes are defined below. Switch/Port Level Zoning A zone containing members specified by either domain ID with port number or area number, or aliases of . For information about specifying ports and area numbers, refer to Table 2 on page 23.
Zoning Concepts When zoning is disabled, the fabric is in a non-zoning mode, and devices can freely access other devices in the fabric. When zoning is enabled, zoning is enforced throughout the fabric, and devices can communicate only within their zones. To discern if a zone is hardware-enforced, use either the portZoneShow command or portcamshow command, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: PortZoneShow output Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts Implementing Zoning Zoning can be implemented and administered from any switch in the fabric that has a Zoning license enabled. When a change in the configuration is saved, enabled, or disabled per the transactional model, it is automatically distributed to all switches in the fabric. Create and Enable a Basic Zone Configuration To create and enable a basic zone configuration, follow the procedure below. For a detailed explanation see “Detailed Zone Configuration Procedures” on page 30. 1.
Zoning Concepts Review Current Configurations Use the cfgShow command to show all currently defined configurations and the effective configuration.
Zoning Concepts zone: zone: ql_zone1 1,3 2,2 ql_zone2 1,4 2,1 test180_Jr:admin> Create an Alias An alias must be a unique alpha-numeric string beginning with an alpha character. The underscore character (_) is allowed and alias names are case sensitive. For example, nt_hosts is not the same name as NT_Hosts. Note: Aliases can greatly simplify the administrative process; however, they are not required to define zones. The alias name may not exceed 64 characters.
Zoning Concepts Use the zoneCreate command to create a zone using the newly created aliases from above as shown in this example. test180_Jr:admin>zoneCreate “fabric_zone1”, “RAID_1_NodeName; alias by port level” Use the zoneCreate command to create a zone without using aliases as shown in this example.
Zoning Concepts When a zone configuration is enabled the following detailed list of events occur. Registered State Change Notifications (RSCNs) are sent to all fabric devices within the zone, notifying these devices to re-query the name server to discover available devices that can be accessed. All zones within the configuration are enabled. Once a zone configuration is enabled the following events happen: 1. All aliases are expanded if any are defined in the zone configuration. 2.
Zoning Concepts alias: Private_ServerA 1,3 alias: Private_ServerB 1,4 alias: Private_StorageA 2,2 alias: Private_StorageB 2,1 Effective configuration: cfg: cfg1 zone: fabric_zone1 50:06:0b:00:00:06:9a:d6 50:06:04:82:bc:01:9a:1b zone: fabric_zone2 50:06:0b:00:00:06:ad:10 50:06:04:82:bc:01:9a:1c zone: ql_zone1 1,3 2,2 zone: ql_zone2 1,4 2,1 test180_Jr:admin> Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts Modifying Configurations To make changes to an existing configuration, add, delete, or remove individual elements to create the desired configuration. Once the changes have been made, save the configuration. This ensures the configuration is permanently saved in the switch, and it also ensures that the configuration is replicated throughout the fabric.
Zoning Concepts Adding a New Fabric Adding a new fabric that has no zone configuration information to an existing fabric is very similar to adding a new switch. All switches in the new fabric inherit the zoning configuration data. If a zone configuration is in effect, then the same configuration becomes the enabled configuration. The cfgShow command will display the same information on all switches in the newly formed Fabric.
Zoning Concepts Merging Rules ■ If the local and adjacent zone database configurations are the same, they will remain unchanged after the merge. ■ If there is an effective configuration between two switches, the zone configuration in effect must be the same for the fabrics to merge. ■ If a zoning object has the same name in both the local and adjacent defined configurations, the object types and member lists must also be the same.
Zoning Concepts Merge Conflicts When a merge conflict is present, a merge will not take place and the ISL will segment. Below is a list of possible reasons for merge conflicts. Use the switchshow command to obtain additional information about possible merge conflicts, as many non-zone related configuration parameters may cause conflicts If the fabrics have different zone configuration data, the two sets of zone configuration data are merged if possible.
Zoning Concepts Zone Merging Scenarios Following are the various Zone Merge scenarios. The “Expected Results” column gives the user an idea of how to do successful merges quickly. The table also gives good guidelines of what to do to avoid merge problems. Table 3: Zone Merging Scenarios Description Switch A Switch A has a defined configuration. Switch B does not have a defined configuration.
Zoning Concepts Table 3: Zone Merging Scenarios (Continued) Description Switch A Switch B Expected Results Switch A does not have a defined configuration. Switch B has a defined configuration. defined: none effective: none defined:cfg1 zone1: ali1; ali2 effective: cfg1 Switch A will absorb the configuration from the fabric, with cfg1 as the effective cfg. Switch A and Switch B have the same defined configuration. Only Switch B has an enabled configuration.
Zoning Concepts Table 3: Zone Merging Scenarios (Continued) Description Switch A Switch B Expected Results Same content; different effective cfg name. defined: cfg1 zone1: ali1; ali2 effective: cfg1 zone1: ali1; ali2 defined: cfg2 zone1: ali1; ali2 effective:cfg2 zone1: ali1; ali2 Fabric segments due to Zone Conflictcfg mismatch. Same content; different zone name.
Zoning Concepts Rules of Zoning Architecture Here is a list of the rules of zoning architecture. H Rule 1 Type of Zoning (Hard or Soft)—If security is a priority, then a Hard zoning is recommended. Rule 2 The use of aliases is optional with zoning. Using aliases should force some structure when defining zones. Aliases will also aid future administrators of the zoned fabric in understanding the structure and context. Rule 3 Evaluate the security requirements of the fabric.
Zoning Concepts 44 Rule 7 Zone changes in a production fabric can result in a disruption of I/O under conditions where an RSCN is issued as a result of a zone change and the host bus adapter (HBA) is unable to process the RSCN quickly enough. Though RSCNs are a normal part of a functioning SAN, the pause in I/O may not be acceptable. For these reasons, it is recommended to do zone changes only if the resulting behavior is known and acceptable. Changing HBA drivers can rectify the situation.
Using QuickLoop Zones 3 In addition to zoning fabrics, explained in Chapter 2, zoning can also be used to zone QuickLoop, allowing arbitrated loops to be attached to a fabric. The QuickLoop and zoning combination allow a private host to fully participate in a Storage Area Network (SAN). By partitioning selected devices within a QuickLoop into a QuickLoop zone, you can enhance management of a Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) in a legacy environment.
Using QuickLoop Zones QuickLoop Zones QuickLoop zones are hardware enforced. Switch hardware prevents unauthorized data transfer between ports within the zone, allowing devices to be partitioned into zones to restrict system access to selected devices. Once devices are included in a zone, they are visible only to other devices within that zone. QuickLoop zone members are designated by looplet (port number), or by Arbitrated Loop Physical Address (AL_PA).
Using QuickLoop Zones QuickLoop Zoning Advantages In addition to the advantages of fabric zoning—security, customized environments, and optimization of IT resources—QuickLoop zoning can protect devices from disruption by unrelated devices during a critical process; for example, during a tape backup session. In a QuickLoop with zoning enabled, transmission of the loop initialization primitive (LIP) signal and loop initialization are controlled by the switch.
Using QuickLoop Zones Configuring QuickLoop Zones To configure QuickLoop zoning, perform these steps as described in the following sections. 1. Create a QuickLoop (Only required when zoning by AL_PA.) 2. Define a QuickLoop zone 3. Define a QuickLoop zone configuration Create a QuickLoop Refer to the HP StorageWorks QuickLoop Fabric Assist Version 3.1.x User Guide for information about creating a QuickLoop.
Using QuickLoop Zones To Specify by AL_PA Specify the QuickLoop zone name, in quotes, with the QuickLoop name and desired AL_PAs, in quotes. All AL_PAs must be associated with a QuickLoop name.
Using QuickLoop Zones QuickLoop Fabric Assist Fabric Assist allows a private host to talk to public/private targets located anywhere within the fabric (if no zoning exists). Private hosts and targets are put into a single Fabric Assist zone, and are identified either by domain and port number or by WWN. Each Fabric Assist zone can have only one private host. The user will need QuickLoop and Zoning licenses to use these features. 50 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Using QuickLoop Zones Fabric Assist Zone Setup Zoning commands with the prefix fazone that mirror other zoning commands are: fazoneCreate, fazoneAdd, fazoneDelete, fazoneRemove, and fazoneShow. Private hosts are indicated within a fazone or alias by “H{}”. Within a single fazone or alias, multiple initiators are detected during zone creation process. CfgEnable can fail if multiple initiators are found in a single fazone.
Using QuickLoop Zones Fabric Assist Debugging The FaDebugShow command can help troubleshoot FA issues by displaying internal Fabric Assist tables. FaDebugShow: Displays the internal Fabric Assist tables. 52 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines A This appendix provides the following information: ■ Storage Area Networks, page 54 ■ Zoning, page 55 ■ Zone Management, page 56 ■ Zoning Implementations, page 57 ■ Fabric-Based Zoning Philosophies, page 58 ■ The Effect of Zoning on RSCN Delivery, page 60 ■ Implementing Zoning, page 62 ■ Deviations from Single HBA Zoning, page 64 ■ Hardware-Enforced Zoning in an HP Fabric, page 65 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Storage Area Networks The storage area network brings the connectivity of networks to the SCSI protocol. The Fibre Channel standard provides for up to 16 million devices attached to the network. This change in scale required a new method to discover the devices on the fabric, so that discovery can be accomplished in an acceptable time frame. The fabric well-known service “nameserver” was implemented to address this need.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Zoning Zoning is essentially a filter that is applied by the nameserver against the query from the initiator which limits the information returned by the nameserver to the initiator. A zone contains the WWN of the initiator and the WWN of any devices that it is allowed to access. When an initiator queries the nameserver for accessible devices in the fabric, the nameserver will look for all zones that contain the WWN of the initiator.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Zone Management Management of the zone information is provided via command line (telnet), Web Tools, and Fabric API via third-party software. There are three components to the zone information: the zone objects, the zone name, and the zone configuration. One or more objects (devices) are placed into a zone and given a zone name. One or more zone names are placed into a zone configuration. One or more configurations are defined.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Zoning Implementations Zoning can be enabled on the host, in the switch fabric, and in most storage units. Storage units typically implement LUN based zoning, commonly referred to as LUN masking. Fabric switches will implement nameserver-based zoning where the zone members are identified by WWN or port location in the fabric. Host-based zoning can implement WWN or LUN masking.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Fabric-Based Zoning Philosophies This is perhaps the most controversial aspect of zoning. There are a number of philosophies for the implementation of fabric zoning. All will work in most cases. However, there are pros and cons to each form. The primary forms are no fabric zoning, single HBA, grouping by operating system, grouping by application, and port allocation.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Port allocation There is an option to zone based on switch port rather than the WWN of the device. This provides some security to the fabric, but requires very solid processes to prevent the incorrect device from being attached to the wrong ports. This form of zoning should be avoided unless the administration team has very rigidly enforced processes for port and device allocation in the fabric. It does however provide some positive features.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines The Effect of Zoning on RSCN Delivery Whenever a change occurs in the nameserver, such as a device addition or removal from the fabric, a registered state change notification (RSCN) is required to be generated. In the absence of zoning, an RSCN is sent to all devices on the fabric. Each device should then query the nameserver to determine how the membership of the fabric has changed. This will happen even if the device change does not affect the other devices.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Table 4: RSCN Delivery External Events HP FOS V2.x up to V2.5 HP FOS V3.0 HP FOS V2.6/3.0.2/ 4.0 HP FOS V3.1/4.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Implementing Zoning The first step to implementing zoning is to devise a naming convention. It is important that this convention be consistent, that it produces meaningful names, and that it be used consistently. We will then take a look at implementing zoning in a new fabric and then how to implement it in an existing fabric that does not conform to the single HBA zoning method. Naming Convention Typically, there are three types of devices that can have an alias.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Configuration naming is more flexible. In general though there should be one configuration named “PROD fabricname”. Fabricname is the name that the fabric has been designated. The purpose of the PROD configuration is to easily identify the configuration that can be implemented and provide the most generic services. If other configurations are used for specialized purposes, the names such as “BACKUP_A”, “RECOVERY_2”, “TEST_18jun02” may be used.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Deviations from Single HBA Zoning Certainly there are cases when the need will arise to deviate from the single HBA zoning. Such cases include clustered systems, SAN Management appliances, and when initiators must communicate with each other because another protocol like IP is being utilized. When this need arises, proper consideration of all ramifications of the deviation must be understood. Testing in a non-production environment is strongly recommended.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Hardware-Enforced Zoning in an HP Fabric All zoning employs the nameserver to limit the information returned to an initiator in response to a nameserver query. This is referred to as soft zoning. If an initiator has knowledge of the network address of a target device, it does not need to query the nameserver to access it. This allows for undesired access to a target device with the potential for data corruption.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Fabrics Composed of StorageWorks 2 Gb SAN Switch and StorageWorks Core Switch Models StorageWorks 2 Gb SAN switches and StorageWorks Core switches enable hardware enforced zoning on Domain/Port zones and WWN zones. Mixed zones will not be hardware enforced. Overlap of like zone types will not result in the loss of hardware enforcement. Overlap with another zone type will result in the loss of hardware enforcement.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines Hardware enforcement has limitations. Each Quad has 64 SID CAM (Source ID Content Accessible Memory) entries. All four ports on the Quad share these SID CAM entries. When these SID CAM entries are exceeded, then the hardware zoning reverts to SOFT zoning. For example, a port has taken up 63 SID CAM entries, as it is zoned with 63 devices. Adding two more devices to this zone will cause this port to revert to soft zoning.
Zoning Concepts and Guidelines 68 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
Using Zoning to Administer Security B Zones can be used to provide controlled access to fabric segments and to establish barriers between operating environments, such as to isolate systems with different uses or protect systems in a heterogeneous environment. For example, when Zoning is in secure mode, merge operations do not occur. HP Zoning is done on the primary Fabric Configuration Server (FCS). The primary FCS switch makes zoning changes and other security-related changes.
Using Zoning to Administer Security 70 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
glossary Glossary This glossary defines terms used in this guide or related to this product and is not a comprehensive glossary of computer terms. Glossary 16-port card The Fibre Channel port card provided with the StorageWorks Core switch. Contains 16 Fibre Channel ports and the corresponding LEDs indicating port status and speed. See also port card. 8b/10b Encoding An encoding scheme that converts each 8-bit byte into 10 bits. Used to balance ones and zeros in high-speed transports.
Glossary Alias An alternate name for an element or group of elements in the fabric. Aliases can be used to simplify the entry of port numbers and WWNs when creating zones. Alias Address Identifier An address identifier recognized by a port in addition to its standard identifier. An alias address identifier may be shared by multiple ports. See also alias. Alias AL_PA An AL_PA value recognized by an L_Port in addition to the AL_PA assigned to the port. See also AL_PA.
Glossary ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A transport used for transmitting data over LANs or WANs that transmit fixed-length units of data. Provides any-to-any connectivity, and allows nodes to transmit simultaneously. Auto-negotiate Speed Process that allows two devices at either end of a link segment to negotiate common features, speed (e.g., 1 or 2 Gbps) and functions. Autosense Process during which a network device automatically senses the speed of another device.
Glossary Beginning Running Disparity The disparity at the transmitter or receiver when the special character associated with an ordered set is encoded or decoded. See also disparity. BER Bit Error Rate. The rate at which bits are expected to be received in error. Expressed as the ratio of error bits to total bits transmitted. See also error. BISR Built-In Self Repair. Refers to the range of algorithms and circuit techniques to replace fault elements in a VLSI circuit with redundant fault-free ones.
Glossary Boot Monitor Code used to initialize the CP (control processor) environment after powering on. Identifies the amount of memory available and how to access it, and retrieves information about system buses. Broadcast The transmission of data from a single source to all devices in the fabric, regardless of zoning. See also multicast, unicast. Buffer-to-buffer Flow Control Management of the frame transmission rate in either a point-to-point topology or in an arbitrated loop. See also BB_Credit.
Glossary Class F Connectionless service for control traffic between switches, with notification of delivery or non-delivery of data between the E_Ports. Class of Service A specified set of delivery characteristics and attributes for frame delivery. CLI Command line interface. Interface that depends entirely on the use of commands, such as through telnet or SNMP, and does not involve a Graphic User Interface (GUI). CLS Close Primitive Signal.
Glossary Configuration How a system is set up. May refer to hardware or software. ■ Hardware: The number, type, and arrangement of components that make up a system or network. ■ Software: The set of parameters that guide switch operation. May include general system parameters, IP address information, Domain ID, and other information. Modifiable by any login with administrative privileges. May also refer to a set of zones. See also zone configuration.
Glossary CT_HDR Common Transport Header. A header that conforms to the Fibre Channel Common Transport (FC_CT) protocol. CT_IU Common Transport Information Unit. An information unit that conforms to the Fibre Channel Common Transport (FC_CT) protocol. Current Fill Word The fill word currently selected by the LPSM. See also fill word, LPSM. Cut-through A switching technique that allows the route for a frame to be selected as soon as the destination address is received. See also route.
Glossary Device Connection Controls Enables organizations to bind an individual device port to a set of one or more switch ports. Device ports are specified by a WWN and typically represent HBAs (servers). See also access control lists. Device A disk, a RAID, or an HBA. Disparity The relationship of ones and zeros in an encoded character. “Neutral disparity” means an equal number of each, “positive disparity” means a majority of ones, and “negative disparity” means a majority of zeros.
Glossary E_Port Expansion Port. A type of switch port that can be connected to an E_Port on another switch to create an ISL. See also ISL. EE_Credit End-to-end Credit. The number of receive buffers allocated by a recipient port to an originating port. Used by Class 1 and 2 services to manage the exchange of frames across the fabric between source and destination. See also End-to-end Flow Control, BB_Credit. EIA Rack A storage rack that meets the standards set by the Electronics Industry Association.
Glossary Exchange The highest level Fibre Channel mechanism used for communication between N_Ports. Composed of one or more related sequences, and can work in either one or both directions. Extended Fabric An HP product that runs on Fabric OS and allows creation of a Fibre Channel fabric interconnected over distances of up to 100 kilometers. Extended Fabric is a means of allowing the implementation and management of SANs over extended distances.
Glossary Fabric Configuration Server One or more designated HP switches that store and manage the configuration and security parameters for all other switches in the fabric. These switches are designated by WWN, and the list of designated switches is known fabric-wide. Fabric Manager An HP product that works in conjunction with Web Tools to provide a graphical user interface for managing switch groups (such as the SAN Switch Integrated/32) as a single unit, instead of as separate switches.
Glossary FC-FLA The Fibre Channel Fabric Loop Attach standard defined by ANSI. FCIA Fibre Channel Industry Association. An international organization of Fibre Channel industry professionals. Among other things, provides oversight of ANSI and industry developed standards. FCP Fibre Channel Protocol. Mapping of protocols onto the Fibre Channel standard protocols. For example, SCSI FCP maps SCSI-3 onto Fibre Channel. FC-PH-1, 2, 3 The Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface standards defined by ANSI.
Glossary Firmware Download Loading firmware down from a server into a switch. Firmware The basic operating system provided with the hardware. FL_Port Fabric Loop Port. A port that is able to transmit under fabric protocol and also has arbitrated loop capabilities. Can be used to connect an NL_Port to a switch. See also F_Port, Fx_Port. Flash Partition Two redundant usable areas, called “partitions,” into which firmware can be downloaded in the StorageWorks Core switch.
Glossary FS_REQ Fibre Channel Services Request. A request for a Fibre Channel services function, or notification of a fabric condition or event. FS_RJT Fibre Channel Services Reject. An indication that a request for Fibre Channel services could not be processed. FS Fibre Channel Service. A service that is defined by Fibre Channel standards and exists at a well-known address. For example, the Simple Name Server is a Fibre Channel service. See also FSP. FSPF Fabric Shortest Path First.
Glossary GBIC Gigabit interface converter. A removable serial transceiver module that allows gigabaud physical-level transport for Fibre Channel and gigabit Ethernet. Typically refers only to the SC-form factor transceivers. See also SFP. Gbps Gigabits per second (1,062,500,000 bits/second). GBps Gigabytes per second (1,062,500,000 bytes/second).
Glossary Host A computer that accesses storage devices over the fabric. May also be referred to as a server. See also workstation. Hot Pluggable A FRU capability that indicates it may be extracted or installed while customer data is otherwise flowing in the chassis. Hub A Fibre Channel wiring concentrator that collapses a loop topology into a physical star topology. Nodes are automatically added to the loop when active and removed when inactive. IBTA The InfiniBand Trade Association (IBTA).
Glossary Isolated E_Port An E_Port that is online but not operational due to overlapping Domain IDs or nonidentical parameters (such as E_D_TOVs). See also E_Port. ISL Interswitch Link. a Fibre Channel link from the E_Port of one switch to the E_Port of another. See also E_Port, cascade, ISL Trunking. ISL Trunking An HP feature that enables distribution of traffic over the combined bandwidth of up to four ISLs (between adjacent switches), while preserving in-order delivery.
Glossary L_Port Loop Port. A node port (NL_Port) or fabric port (FL_Port) that has arbitrated loop capabilities. An L_Port can be in one of two modes: ■ Fabric mode: Connected to a port that is not loop capable, and using fabric protocol. ■ Loop mode: In an arbitrated loop and using loop protocol. An L_Port in loop mode can also be in participating mode or non-participating mode. See also Non-participating Mode, Participating Mode.
Glossary Loop Failure Loss of signal within a loop for any period of time, or loss of synchronization for longer than the time-out value. See also error. Loop Initialization The logical procedure used by an L_Port to discover its environment. Can be used to assign AL_PA addresses, detect loop failure, or reset a node. Loop_ID A hex value representing one of the 127 possible AL_PA values in an arbitrated loop. Looplet A set of devices connected in a loop to a port that is a member of another loop.
Glossary Modem Serial Port The upper serial port on the CP Card of the StorageWorks Core switch. Can be used to connect the CP Card to a modem with a standard 9-pin modem cable. Consists of a DB-9 connector wired as a RS-232 device, and can be connected by serial cable to a DCE device. A Hayes-compatible modem or Hayes-emulation is required. The device name is ttyS1. See also DB-9 connector, DCE port, terminal serial port.
Glossary NL_Port Node Loop Port. A node port that has arbitrated loop capabilities. Used to connect an equipment port to the fabric in a loop configuration through an FL_Port. See also N_Port, Nx_Port. Node Name The unique identifier for a node, communicated during login and port discovery. Node A Fibre Channel device that contains an N_Port or NL_Port. Non-participating Mode A mode in which an L_Port in a loop is inactive and cannot arbitrate or send frames, but can retransmit any received transmissions.
Glossary Ordered Set A transmission word that uses 8B/10B mapping and begins with the K28.5 character. Ordered sets occur outside of frames, and include the following items: ■ Frame delimiters: Mark frame boundaries and describe frame contents. ■ Primitive signals: Indicate events. ■ Primitive sequences: Indicate or initiate port states. Ordered sets are used to differentiate Fibre Channel control information from data frames and to manage the transport of frames.
Glossary Point-to-point A Fibre Channel topology that employs direct links between each pair of communicating entities. See also topology. Port Cage The metal casing extending out of the optical port on the switch, and in which the SFP can be inserted. Port Card A Fibre Channel card that contains optical or copper port interfaces, and acts like a switch module. See also 16-port card. Port Module A collection of ports in a switch. Port_Name The unique identifier assigned to a Fibre Channel port.
Glossary Public Device A device that supports arbitrated loop protocol, can interpret 8-bit addresses, and can log into the fabric. Public Loop An arbitrated loop that includes a participating FL_Port, and may contain both public and private NL_Ports. Public NL_Port An NL_Port that logs into the fabric, can function within either a public or a private loop, and can communicate with either private or public NL_Ports. Quad A group of four adjacent ports that share a common pool of frame buffers.
Glossary RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks. A collection of disk drives that appear as a single volume to the server and are fault tolerant through mirroring or parity checking. See also JBOD. Remote Fabric A fabric that spans across WANs by using protocol translation (a process also known as tunneling) such as Fibre Channel over ATM or Fibre Channel over IP.
Glossary RSCN Registered State Change Notification. A switch function that allows notification of fabric changes to be sent from the switch to specified nodes. RX_ID Responder Exchange Identifier. A 2-byte field in the frame header used by the responder of the Exchange to identify frames as being part of a particular exchange. SAN Storage Area Network. A network of systems and storage devices that communicate using Fibre Channel protocols. See also fabric.
Glossary SFP Small form factor pluggable. A transceiver used on 2 Gbps switches that replaces the GBIC. Refers to the LC-form factor transceiver. See also GBIC. SID/DID Source identifier/Destination identifier. S_ID is a 3-byte field in the frame header that is used to indicate the address identifier of the N_Port from which the frame was sent. Single Mode The fiber optic cabling standard that, when used in conjunction with a 1300 nm laser light, can transfer data up to 10 km between devices.
Glossary Switch Hardware that routes frames according to Fibre Channel protocol and is controlled by software. SWL Short Wavelength. A type of fiber optic cabling that is based on 850-mm lasers and supports 1.0625-Gbps link speeds. May also refer to the type of GBIC or SFP. See also LWL. Tachyon A chip developed by Hewlett-Packard, and used in various devices. This chip has FC-0 through FC-2 on one chip. Target A storage device on a Fibre Channel network. See also Initiator.
Glossary Transceiver Device that converts one form of signaling to another for transmission and reception; in fiber optics, it refers to optical and electrical. Transfer State The state in which a port can establish circuits with multiple ports without reentering the arbitration cycle for each circuit. This state can only be accessed by an L_Port in the Open state. Translative Mode A mode in which private devices can communicate with public devices across the fabric.
Glossary ULP Upper-level Protocol. The protocol that runs on top of Fibre Channel. Typical upper-level protocols are SCSI, IP, HIPPI, and IPI. Unicast The transmission of data from a single source to a single destination. See also broadcast, multicast. user account A login intended for use by the customer to monitor, but not control, switch operation. See also account level switches. VC Virtual circuit. A one-way path between N_Ports that allows fractional bandwidth.
Glossary Zone A set of devices and hosts attached to the same fabric and configured as being in the same zone. Devices and hosts within the same zone have access permission to others in the zone, but are not visible to any outside the zone. See also Zoning. Zone Alias A name assigned to a device or group of devices in a zone. Aliases can greatly simplify the zone administrative process. See also alias. Zone Configuration A specified set of zones.
index A G adding switches 36 administering security 69 aliases 32 arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA) 46 architecture, zoning 43 audience 8 authorized reseller, HP 11 getting help 11 H hardware zones 28 help, obtaining 11 HP authorized reseller 11 storage website 11 technical support 11 HP Web Tools Fabric Assist 17 QuickLoop 17 D defining QuickLoop zones 48 zones 32, 33 devices 20 document conventions 9 related documentation 8 F fabric, devices 20 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC_AL) 45 Zoning
Index configuration 48 creating 48 defining 48 zones 46 R related documentation 8 S switch adding 36 symbols in text 9 T technical support, HP 11 text symbols 9 104 W websites HP storage 11 WWN zone 28 Z zone configurations, enabling 33 zoning architecture 43 customization 14 defining 32 devices 20 implementation 30 multiple 20 Quickloops 45 Zoning Version 3.1.x/4.1.
