HP 9000 Model 742i Owner's Guide for HP-UX Users HP 9000 Series 700i Industrial Workstations ABCDE HP Part No. A2260-90014 Printed in USA February 1993 Edition 1 E0293 FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Legal Notices The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Warranty.
This software and documentation is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from the Regents of the University of California. Restricted Rights Legend. Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government Department of Defense is subject to restrictions as set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Software clause in FAR 52.227-7013. FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
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Safety Symbols and Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this manual: Note Caution Warning Notes contain important information set o from the text. Caution messages indicate procedures which, if not observed, could result in loss of data or damage to equipment. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met. Warning messages indicate procedures or practices which, if not observed, could result in personal injury.
Regulatory Information FCC Statement (For U.S.A. Only) The Federal Communications Commission (in Subpart J of Part 15, Docket 20780) has speci ed that the following notice be brought to the attention of the users of this product: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions manual, may cause interference to radio communications.
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Printing Conventions This book uses the following typographical conventions: If you see . . . It means . . . computer text Text displayed by the computer system. For example, login: indicates a login prompt displayed by the system. italic text Variable text supplied by you. For example, le name means that you type a le name of your choice. Italic text is also used for text emphasis and for document titles. 4Key5 Type the corresponding key on the keyboard.
Contents 1. Product Description Chapter Contents . . . The HP9000 Model 742i Features of the 742i . Memory Upgrades Built-In Interfaces . . Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Finding Information About Your System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . Installing Your Model 742i . . . . . . Online Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 4. Con guring HP-UX for Printers and Drives Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparing for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . Con guring HP-UX for a Printer . . . . . . . . . . Testing the Printer Installation . . . . . . . . . . Dealing With Printer Problems . . . . . . . . . Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses . . Con guring for a Hard Disk Drive . . . . . . . . .
If You Have a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backing Up Your File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . Restoring Individual Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5-4 5-7 5-10 5-12 6. Dealing With Problems Chapter Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interpreting the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managing a Boot Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Using the Boot ROM Appendix Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boot Console User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Boot Console User Interface . . . . . . . . . . Entering the Boot Administration Mode . . . . . . . . . Exiting the Boot Administration Mode . . . . .
Figures 1-1. Model 742i Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Tables 1-1. 3-1. 4-1. 6-1. 6-2. 6-3. B-1. B-2. HP-UX Operating System and Languages for the Model 742i LED Diagnostic Display During Normal HP-UX Operation . DDS Tape Drive LED State Codes . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware-Error LED Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating-System Error LED Indications . . . . . . . . Problems with the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 1 Product Description Chapter Contents The HP 9000 Model 742i is an exceptionally exible, high-performance Precision Architecture system based on the Hewlett-Packard PA RISC 7100 technology. Some features are outlined in the following sections. Product Description FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
1 The HP9000 Model 742i Figure 1-1. Model 742i Front Panel Features of the 742i The Model 742i has the following features: 50 Mhz PA-RISC processor delivering 61 MIPs. Con gurable with 8 to 64 MB main memory (see \Memory Upgrades"). For an HP-UX system, at least 16 MB of main memory is required. ECC RAM correction. 2 memory module slots. External Cache: 64 KB instruction cache and 64 KB data cache. Input/Output: RS-232-C (2).
1 Built-In Interfaces For graphics, printing, and LAN communications, the Model 742i provide the following I/O interfaces: HP-Parallel Interface. LAN AUI (15-pin D-subminiature; requires MAU for connection to LAN). 2 Asynchronous RS-232 Interfaces: 9-pin male DTE (PC standard). SCSI-II Interface: 50-pin high density; single-ended 8-bit, up to 5 MB/sec. synchronous. The I/O for the Model 742i is on the front panel, shown on the opposite page. Physical Dimensions and Power Requirements Height: 40.6 mm.
1 Operating System HP-UX 9.01 for the Model 742i the HP VUE interface, and the X Window System. Table 1-1 lists the HP-UX operating system features and languages for the Model 742i. Table 1-1. HP-UX Operating System and Languages for the Model 742i Operating system: HP-UX 9.01 or later. HP-UX complies with XOpen, and POSIX speci cations. Languages: HP-PA Assembly, ANSI/C, C++, Pascal, HP-UX FORTRAN/9000. User interface: Terminal Interface via RS232 only.
2 Finding Information About Your System Overview Your Model 742i uses the standard HP-UX 9.01 operating system, a highly versatile system for multitasking, running your application programs, and performing a variety of other tasks. Chapter Contents Installing Your Model 742i. Online Sources of Information. Finding Information About Your System FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
2 Installing Your Model 742i If you have not installed your hardware or started your system, refer to the Installation Guide for your system before going further. Basic Information After you have read the Installation Guide for your system, you may want to see the following sources for further information: For a quick reference to commonly-used HP-UX commands, see the Appendix in Using HP-UX .
Online Sources of Information 2 HP-UX is designed so that you can access many sources of information without leaving your system. Some of these information sources are available through a shell command line. Man Pages: The information on HP-UX which is found in HP-UX Reference is also on line and accessible by clicking on the Toolbox button at the right of your Front Panel, or by entering on a command line man command , where command is the name of the HP-UX command you want to get information on.
2 Newcon g: The directory /etc/newconfig contains information and new versions of HP-UX product con guration les, as well as shell scripts which may have been customized (localized) on your system. The contents of this directory will vary depending on which products you have loaded on your system. In most cases, old versions of these les, in their regular locations in the le system, are not overwritten by the update process.
3 Logging In and Getting Started 3 Chapter Contents Before Logging In the First Time. Turning On Your System. Interpreting the LED Indicators. Logging In and Out. Creating a New User Account. Setting or Changing a Password. Getting Help. Shutting Down Your System. Logging In and Getting Started FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Before Logging In the First Time 3 If your Model 742i system does not have a hard disk attached, or if it has a le system disk, and you want it to be a cluster client node (cnode), refer to the manual Managing Clusters of HP-UX Computers for instructions on setting up clusters and cnodes. This chapter reviews some initial procedures and provides information on using both HP VUE sessions and HP-UX. For more detailed information about using HP VUE after login, see the HP VUE User's Guide .
Turning On Your System With all peripheral devices turned o , do the following: 1. Turn on the power to your display. The power indicator LED on the display unit will show that it is turned on, even if the screen remains dark. Make sure of the following: a. The appropriate LAN connection has been made to the Model 742i. b. Normally, you will use a character terminal connected to the RS232A port on the Model 742i.
Displaying Graphics on a Remote X Host 3 With the Model 742i, you can run HP VUE or the X Window System, but you cannot directly display them. However, you can use a remote computer which has graphical capability to display the system running on the Model 742i and interact with it. This is done by setting the DISPLAY environment variable on the Model 742i. DISPLAY sets the host, display number, and screen number to which a system sends bitmapped output for clients.
Caution If your system has its own disk and you are running a local operating system, do not turn o power to your system without rst shutting down the operating system software according to the procedure in this chapter, \Shutting Down Your System". Turning o the power for your stand-alone system without rst doing the shutdown procedure may result in damage to data on your disk. Always execute the shut-down process to completion rst.
Interpreting the LED Indicators There are nine LEDs (\Light Emitting Diodes"), which you can view on the front. Eight of these are diagnostic, or indicate the normal activity of your system. The one on the far left indicates power \on". 3 The normal running indications for HP-UX are shown in Table 3-1. The right four of the eight diagnostic LEDs will blink to re ect activity during normal operation. For LED indications of error conditions during boot, see Table 6-1. Table 3-1.
Logging In and Out Once HP-UX is running on your system, you must log in. The process of logging in is one of the ways that HP-UX prevents unauthorized persons from using your system. This is especially important if your system is attached to a network. Logging In with HP-UX If you are not using HP VUE, then a command-line login prompt appears after boot: login: 1. Type your login name (or root). 2. Press 4Return5.
Creating a New User Account 3 If you have access to a system administrator, that person may have already set up a user account for you. Otherwise, you will need to do the following to set up a user account so that you can interact with the system as non-root and not incur the risk of accidentally damaging data. You usually work in your home directory or \account", and most of your default les are kept there.
4. Go to the Actions menu (use the appropriate function key to get to the menu bar). Select Add from the Actions pull-down menu. You will see a form Add a User Account . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 5. Fill in your login name, choice of start-up program and environment (if di erent from the defaults given), and the optional information.
Setting or Changing a Password From a command line shell prompt, you can use the passwd command directly to set or change a password. (You do not have to be root). Enter the following: 3 passwd 4Return5 You will be prompted for your old password. Then you will be prompted to enter and re-enter your new password. The re-entered password must match the rst entry. See the later section in this chapter, \Selecting a New Password", if you need help with selecting passwords.
Shutting Down Your System If you need to cycle power on a system using a local disk, you will have to execute the shutdown command rst. You can do this either from the command line or within SAM. 3 Using the Shutdown Command to Stop Your System Caution If your Model 742i uses a local system disk, do not turn o power to your system without rst shutting down the operating system software according to the following procedure.
5. At this time the system no longer responds to keyboard input and you may turn o the power. Turning the system back on again will initiate the boot process. If you want to shutdown and reboot automatically type the following command: 3 shutdown -r. If you want to shutdown immediately with no grace period, type the following: shutdown -h 0 Using SAM to Stop Your System If you happen to be using SAM, you might also want to use it to shut down your system.
3. Choose System Shutdown . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4. You will be given a choice of the following: a. Halt the System . All currently executing processes except those essential to the system are terminated. Then the system is halted. b. Reboot (Restart) the System . The system is shut down and rebooted automatically. c. Go to Single User State . The system is put in single-user mode for administrative purposes such as backup or le system consistency checks. 5.
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4 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives Chapter Contents Preparing for Installation. Con guring HP-UX for a Printer. Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses. Con guring for a Hard Disk Drive. Con guring for a Flexible Disk Drive. Con guring for a CD ROM Drive. Con guring for a DDS Tape Drive. Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Preparing for Installation If you have external devices attached to your system, you will have to install (or con gure) them on HP-UX. You may also have to do some con guration for appropriate data interchange with a new printer. This chapter gives you general guidance for these tasks. 4 In general: For a list of devices which are supported by the Model 742i, see Chapter 1. See the Installation Guide for the device you are installing for information on hardware installation.
Configuring HP-UX for a Printer You will need to supply certain items of information needed to identify the printer you are installing. It will help to have this information available to refer to during the software installation process: Printer Interface: Parallel: Serial (RS232) Port 1: 4 Serial (RS232) Port 2: Printer Name (a name the system uses to identify the printer. It can be any name.): Printer Model Number (located on a label on the back of the printer): Procedure: To install your printer: 1.
If your system doesn't have any printers connected, you will see a message. Make sure you have a printer connected. Choose OK or press 4Return5. NNNNNNNN 5. From the Actions menu (on the menu bar at the top of the screen), choose Add Local Printer/Plotter NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 6. Choose an appropriate selection on the sub-menu giving options for Parallel, Serial, HP-IB, etc. 7.
18. You will see a con rmation screen asking if your printer is turned on, connected to your system, and online. Check your printer to ensure that it is ready, and press 4Return5. 19. You will see the message Task completed . Press 4Return5. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 20. Exit the task and press the Exit SAM function key. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 21. Type exit 4Return5 to exit root and return to user status. Refer to System Administration Tasks , for additional SAM information.
Dealing With Printer Problems 4 If you experience problems in printing, check the following: The power cord for the printer is plugged in. The printer is turned on. The printer selection switches are set for online. Paper is loaded into the printer (and it isn't jammed). The correct interface has been set up. The printer cable is connected to the correct interface port on your printer. The cable is connected to the correct port on your system.
Finding the Status of Existing SCSI Bus Addresses Before you attach a new SCSI drive, to ensure that the SCSI bus address of your device is currently unused, you can use SAM, or you can use the ioscan tool to help determine which devices are currently connected.
Configuring for a Hard Disk Drive Hard disk drives can be attached for accommodating HP-UX, local le systems, and swap space on your Model 742i system. Software Installation of the Hard Disk Drive Upgrade 4 After all connections have been made (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device.
Note SAM does not support the following: Changing the hardware address of a disk drive containing the root le system. Changing the hardware address of a disk array. Changing the hardware address of a disk that is part of software disk striping. After all appropriate connections have been made (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section provides instructions for doing this. 1.
4 ii. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether the device is connected and powered up. iii. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether additional device drivers are needed. (Unless the kernel has, for some reason, had drivers removed, the drivers needed for a hard disk should currently be in the kernel.) iv. You will be given an information screen suggesting things to try if the device still cannot be found. If this is the case, you will need to consult Installing Peripherals . 6.
SCSI describe of /dev/rdsk/c201d5s0 vendor: Quantum product id: XXXXXXX type: direct access size: 200000 Kbytes bytes per sector: 512 After mounting a new disk on a directory, an ll listing of the directory should give you at least one le or directory entry. For example: total 1024 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8192 Aug 31 15:24 lost+found Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Configuring for a Flexible Disk Drive Note the exible disk drive jumpers are pre-con gured correctly at the factory. It should not be necessary to change jumper settings. The factory-set SCSI bus address for the drive: SCSI bus address: 0 4 As it is possible that the SCSI bus setting for the drive may be shipped di erently, please check the setting before installation. See the Installation Guide for the device for the procedure for resetting the device, should it be necessary.
i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If you have connected the device after starting SAM, you should choose Yes . Otherwise, choose No . NNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN ii. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether the device is connected and powered up. iii. Respond to the con rmation screen regarding whether additional device drivers are needed. iv. You will be given an information screen suggesting things to try if the device still cannot be found. 7.
vendor: product id: type: size: bytes per sector: TEAC XXXXXXX direct access 1400000 bytes NNN If you wish to test the installation of your exible disk drive without a disk installed, use the ioscan command. Archiving Files to a Flexible Disk 4 Data can be stored on exible disk media in a variety of formats. The capacity of these devices is generally too small to hold useful HP-UX le systems. Instead, DOS or LIF le systems are commonly used. Data can also be stored in an archive-utility format.
3. Enter the following command line to restore pathname on the disk to your current directory: tar -xvf /dev/rfloppy/c201d0s0 pathname Mounting a New Flexible Disk If you want HP-UX to be able to address a newly-inserted exible disk as a small le system, you will need to mount it. Execute the following to mount the new disk. For example, using \/flex" as the mount directory: mount /dev/floppy/c201d0s0 /flex See the next section for information on mounting and unmounting a disk used as a le system.
Removing and Inserting a File-System Flexible Disk Caution 4 If you wish to use the disk as a mounted le system, you must mount it every time you insert it into the drive, and you must unmount the disk before you eject it from the drive. You will need to do the following: Before you remove a disk: 1. Temporarily unmount the le system for the disk by executing the following. For example, if the disk is designated by the block device le /dev/floppy/c201d0s0: umount /dev/floppy/c201d0s0 2. Remove the disk.
Configuring for a CD ROM Drive You can use a CD ROM (\Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") drive to accommodate read-only use of a wide variety of software, including HP-UX system updates. After hardware connections have been made (see the Installation Guide for this device), you'll need to ensure that your operating system is prepared to exchange data with the device. This section provides instructions for con guring HP-UX to communicate with the CD ROM drive.
and use the other, if necessary, in order to t the appropriate drive. Disc caddies are available from Hewlett-Packard. Do not open the disc caddy shutter manually. Opening the shutter will expose the disc's data surface to dust and damage. If the data surface gets too much dust or damage, its readability by the CD ROM drive's laser read head will be reduced.
\CD ROM-SCSI", followed by its model number and bus address. Choose OK or press 4Return5. NNNNNNNN If the device you have connected does not appear on the list: a. Check your hardware connections, and make sure that the device is turned on and that there is a disc in it. b. Choose the button Device Missing , and you will be given the following options: i. Have SAM rescan the system for the device. If you have connected the device after starting SAM, you should choose Yes . Otherwise, choose No .
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN screen, highlight and activate Modify Defaults . Then, within the dialog box, turn on the checkboxes that apply. 9. Choose OK when you have nished with this form. NNNNNNNN 10. A \Messages" Box appears, reporting the progress of the task. When the task is nished, choose 4OK5. 11. Exit SAM by returning to opening screen and activating 4Exit SAM5.
/dev/dsk/c201d2s0 /cdrom cdfs ro 0 0 # CD ROM If you have only made this change to your system, executing mount -a will mount the new disk automatically, and it will stay mounted until you reboot your system. (Note that using the -a option mounts all unmounted devices in /etc/checklist.) After mounting a new disk on a directory, an ll listing of the directory should give you at least one le or directory entry.
Before you remove a disc: 1. For example, if the disc is designated by the block device le /dev/dsk/c201d2s0, temporarily unmount the disk's le system by executing the following: umount /dev/dsk/c201d2s0 4 2. Press the eject button to remove the disk After you insert a disk: 1. Mount the CD ROM le system so that HP-UX will recognize it.
Configuring for a DDS Tape Drive This section contains instructions for con guring a new DDS drive on HP-UX. The DDS (\Digital Data Storage") Tape Drive is a sequential-access, read-write device using removable DDS cassettes. Although DDS drives are similar to DAT players in the audio industry, the cassettes are not interchangeable. There are two major di erences: 1. Audio cassette tapes transfer data in streaming mode. That is, they are left in motion for periods of minutes.
4 The steps for adding a DDS tape drive to your system are: 1. Make sure that the necessary device drivers are con gured into the kernel. SAM will make this test. 2. Shut you system down and turn o the power. 3. Choose a SCSI bus address for the new tape drive that does not match the bus address for any other SCSI device. 4. Make all necessary hardware connections for the device. 5. Turn the new tape drive on . 6. Turn your system on . 7. Run SAM to create the device les for the new tape drive.
Before you begin: First make a note of the tape drive model and its hardware address (SCSI bus address) so that you will be able to identify it later. DDS Drive Model: Bus Address: 1. Log on as root. 2. Run SAM by entering the following: 4 $ /usr/bin/sam To get help in SAM, pressing the 4f15 key gives you context-sensitive information for the object at the location of the cursor. 3. Highlight and select Peripheral Devices -> NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 4.
/etc/conf/dfile.SAM to /hp-ux and reboot. You should also move /etc/conf/dfile.SAM to /etc/conf/dfile at the same time. If you reboot, the old kernel will be backed up as /SYSBCKUP. 10. Exit SAM, if you have not already done so. Note 4 If you are modifying a cluster client's kernel, its kernel is not backed up, since /SYSBCKUP is used exclusively for the cluster server's kernel. Your system is now running the added driver for SCSI DDS tape drive.
DDS Tape Drive LED Indicators Two LED indicators on the drive's front panel indicate several operational and test states. The following tables show the LED combinations and explains what they indicate. DDS Tape Drive LED Symbols Used in Table 4-1 4 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Table 4-1. DDS Tape Drive LED State Codes 4 Caution Indicator The DDS drive continually monitors the number of errors it has to correct when reading or writing a tape. This information is presented to the user through the Caution Indicator (see above chart). A caution indication has two common meanings: The tape heads need cleaning. The tape itself is approaching the end of its useful life. 4-28 Configuring HP-UX for Printers and Drives FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Maximum Usage of DDS Cassettes Under optimal environmental conditions (50% relative humidity, 22 C), Hewlett-Packard DDS cassettes are currently speci ed to 2000 passes over any part of the tape. In operational terms, this can be translated into approximately 200 to 300 backup operations.
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Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your 5 Software Chapter Contents Backing Up Your System and Software. Restoring Individual Files. Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape. 5 Backing Up, Restoring, and Updating Your Software FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Backing Up Your System and Software 5 The most important part of your system is the data you have accumulated. It is also especially important to protect your system from corruption. You can protect your data and system from loss, using the general procedures given in this chapter. (For detailed procedures, see Installing and Updating HP-UX 9.0 and System Administration Tasks .) Make sure you create and maintain a backup HP-UX kernel (/SYSBCKUP) on your disk from which you can boot in an emergency.
Using mkrs to Create a Recovery System The mkrs command constructs a recovery system on removable media (or a formatted hard disk drive). If a system later becomes unbootable due to a corrupt root disk, then you can boot your system from the recovery tape. Once booted on the recovery system, you can then use the tools it provides to repair the corrupt root disk. Some Options for mkrs Note The -s option is necessary for building Series 700 DDS-format tape recovery systems.
Root Device Files mkrs, by default, uses the following device les for the root device: /dev/dsk/0s0 /dev/root /dev/hd If none of the above defaults exist on the system, one of these device les must be created or the -r option must be used to specify the device le to be used. The root device le must be a block device le. If You Have a Problem 5 An error message results if: None of the default device les for the recovery device exist and the -f option is not used to specify a recovery device le.
a. If you opened Backup Devices , and no devices are shown, make sure the device is connected and the tape is inserted. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Note If you have to connect a device during this process, choose Refresh from the Options menu. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN b. Choose the entry for the desired device. c. Choose Add an Automated Backup from the Actions menu.
5. Additional Parameters (optional) allows you to specify the following: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN a. If you want your backups to cross NFS mount points. b. If you want the tape (cartridge or autochanger) rewound. c. If you want an index log to be created for each backup. (Results can be mailed to a speci ed user). 6. After the minimum required forms are lled out, SAM will then use your speci ed tape device to complete the backup according to your speci cations.
Restoring Individual Files To restore speci ed les from a local device using SAM, rst you will need to have the following information and materials: A list of les you need. The media on which the data resides. The location on your system to restore the les (original location or relative to some other location). The device and device le for restoring the data. Note To restore data to disks physically connected to another system, enter the Remote Administration functional area of SAM.
6. Choose Recover Files or Directories from the Actions menu and highlight Select Recovery Scope . Click on OK or press 4Return5. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN 7. Choose the Selected Files checkbox (it should have an asterisk (*) in it. Do either of the following: Fill in the lename containing a list of les to restore.
8. To do any of the following during the restore process, activate Set Additional Parameters : NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Overwrite new les. Maintain original ownership. Recover les using full path name, or Place les in a non-root directory. Turn on the appropriate checkbox(es). To restore les relative to a particular directory, ll in the directory. NNNNNNNN Choose OK to set the additional parameters. 9. Choose OK to start the restore process.
Restoring Your Operating System Using the Recovery Tape If your operating system or the entire root disk becomes corrupted and not usable, you can restore your system using your recovery system tape and your archive backup tape(s). Also see \Booting the Model 742i" in Appendix B for information on using the Boot ROM to nd and boot from a recovery tape.
5. At the boot selection screen, select the operating system that is on the tape drive as the one you want to boot from. For example, for the tape drive: ... P1 scsi.3.0 ... HP35450A Enter b and the device speci cation , such as P1: b device speci cation 6. Your recovery system should begin loading from the tape. Once your recovery system is up and running you will have a minimum set of commands to use, in order to help you repair and restore your primary (disk-based) operating system. 7.
c. You might need to restore important system les such as /etc/inittab , /etc/rc, etc. from your memory-based system to your system disk. The procedure for doing this is almost identical to the procedure for restoring /hp-ux. Only the le names and directories will be di erent. d. You might also need to move, remove, copy, or search for other les. Note that the memory-based system has limited capabilities.
6 Dealing With Problems Chapter Contents Interpreting the LED Indicators. Managing a Boot Failure. Recovering from a System Panic. Dealing with Network Failures. 6 Dealing With Problems FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
Interpreting the LED Indicators There are eight diagnostic LEDs, which you can view on the front panel of the Model 742i. The normal indications of these LEDs during operation are given in Table 3-1. Abnormal boot indications are given in Table 6-1. These refer to conditions which might happen during boot, including hardware failures, before HP-UX is running: Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications Self-Test LED Error Display . .. . ..
Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications (continued) Self-Test LED Error Display . .. . .. Hex Possible Code Assembly Replacement Priority 82 1. System board .. 2. If 0x0006.82 through 0x000A.82, check . LAN cable or server. 87 3. If 0x0000.84, check \A" serial connection. 4. If 0x0000.85, check \B" serial connection. 5. Operating system 93 1. BPN Server 2.
Table 6-1. Hardware-Error LED Indications (continued) Self-Test LED Error Display . .. Hex Possible Code Assembly Replacement Priority E8 System board .. . EB EC 1. VME converter board 2. Motherboard Table 6-2.
Table 6-2. Operating-System Error LED Indications (continued) Self-Test LED Error Display Hex Possible Code Operating System Problem 1B Error reading utility into memory. 1C Incorrect checksum. Reading utility into memory. 1D System console needed. 1E Internal inconsistency.
Managing a Boot Failure The boot program is located in the Boot ROM of your Model 742i. Here are some things to check if something has gone wrong at this point in the boot process: Boot Program Initializes Hardware Problems during this rst stage of the boot process are rare. At this stage problems can be caused by: No power to the system (check your building's circuit breakers and the power connections to your system equipment) Processor hardware failure (see Table 6-1, in this chapter).
3. Press 4ESC5 at the prompt for stopping the boot selection process. 4. You will see the following messages: Terminating selection process. ... Searching for potential boot devices. To terminate search, press and hold the ESCAPE key. Device Selection Device Path Device Type and Utilities ------------------------------------------------------------ Your system searches for devices that may hold an alternate HP-UX.
a) x) ?) Enter boot administration mode Exit and continue boot sequence Help Select from menu: 8. If the search locates a disk, enter b with the device selection number to boot from that device. For example, for a SCSI disk device listed as item P0, enter the following after \Select from menu:" b P0 4Return5 Boot messages should begin to appear on the screen after several seconds. For detailed help in troubleshooting the boot process, see Solving HP-UX Problems .
Recovering from a System Panic In HP-UX terms, a system panic simply means that the operating system encountered a condition that it did not know how to respond to, so it halted your system . System panics are rare and not always the result of a catastrophe. They sometimes occur at boot if your system was previously not shut down properly. Sometimes they occur as the result of a hardware failure.
Should your system have this problem, it is important to record and categorize the circumstances associated with the panic: Summary Checklist of Possible Causes of Panics Problem Area Hardware Some Corrective Actions: If the failure appears to be associated with the peripheral: Check the integrity of the cable connections. Ensure that the peripheral is online. If the above did not correct the problem, the failure may be associated with the System Processing Unit.
Procedures for Recovering from a System Panic Step 1: Note the Panic Message Record the panic message displayed on the system console. Step 2: Categorize the Panic Message The panic message will tell you why HP-UX panicked. Sometimes panic messages refer to internal structures of HP-UX (or its le systems) and the cause might not be obvious.
If the problem reappears on the device or if the hardware failure appears to be associated with an interface card or an internal component of the system module, you should refer the problem to your HP service representative. Proceed to Step 4 (\Rebooting Your System"). Step 3b: Recovering from a File System Problem If the panic message indicates a problem with one of your le systems, you will need to run the le system checker fsck (1m) to check and correct the problem(s).
Step 4: Rebooting Your System Once you have checked for and corrected any problems from Step 3, you are ready to reboot your system. You can reboot your system using the TOC button on the panel of the Model 742i. Otherwise, you can turn the system o and then back on to initiate the boot sequence. You will probably notice a few di erences in boot behavior as compared with your normal boot sequence. Your system might save a \core" le to disk.
Step 5: Monitor the system closely If your system successfully boots, there is a good chance that you can resume normal operations. Many system panics are isolated events and are unlikely to reoccur. Check your applications to be sure that they are running properly and (for a day or so) monitor the system closely. For a short while, you might want to do backups more frequently until you are con dent that the system is functioning properly. For Further Information ...
Dealing with Network Failures If the program you have been running uses resources from a local area network and it stops unexpectedly, the following may help locate the source of the problem: Table 6-3. Problems with the Network Problem No systems respond to the /etc/ping command. hostname Action Check the network connection on the panel of your Model 742i. Make sure that the cable is securely fastened to the connector. Your system does not respond to /etc/ping from another system on the network.
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A Installing Additional Memory Appendix Contents RAM Replacement Contents. Tools Required. Planning for Installation of the RAM Upgrade Installing the RAM Upgrade. Verifying the Upgrade. A Installing Additional Memory FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
RAM Replacement Contents The RAM replacements for the Model 742i are as follows: HP A2816A; two 8 MB RAM boards that add a 16 MB block of memory. HP A2829A; two 16 MB RAM boards that add a 32 MB block of memory. HP A2827A; two 32 MB RAM boards that add a 64 MB block of memory. This Appendix is a general guide to RAM installation. Also be sure to read the Installation Guide that comes with your upgrade before proceeding with any installation procedure.
Planning for Installation of the RAM Determining Existing Memory Follow these steps to determine how much memory your Model 742i already has: 1. If your system is operating, shut down the operating system following normal shutdown procedures (see \Shutting Down Your System" in Chapter 3, in this manual). 2. When shutdown has completed, turn o your host workstation or card cage. Then turn it on. 3.
Installing the RAM Replacement Pairs Caution A static charge of almost 40,000 volts can be generated on a carpeted oor. This exceeds the limits of these RAM boards and can cause unsuccessful operation or damage. Integrated circuits on printed circuit boards can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. Use the following precautions before working with the Model 742i board or the RAM modules: Use the grounding wrist strap supplied with this upgrade. Follow the instructions printed on the strap's package.
5. Identify the existing RAM boards by their part numbers: a. 98236-66522; 4 MB board. b. 98236-66524; 8 MB board. c. A2576-60001; 16 MB board. d. A2575-60001; 32 MB board. 6. Spread the clips holding one of the RAM boards in place, 7. Raise the RAM board to and angle of 45 With your ngers near the middle of the raised edge of the board, pull it gently away from you until it is free. 8. Repeat this for the other RAM board. To insert one new board of the pair you are replacing: 1.
Verifying the Installation Follow these steps to verify your RAM upgrade for your Model 742i: 1. Turn on the power to your host workstation or card cage. 2. Note the amount of RAM in bytes listed in the power-up display. The amount of memory you upgraded to should be displayed. If it is not, check your memory installation. A A-6 Installing Additional Memory FINAL TRIM SIZE : 7.0 in x 8.
B Using the Boot ROM Appendix Contents The Boot Console User Interface. Entering the Boot Administration Mode. Exiting the Boot Administration Mode. Getting Help for the Boot Console User Interface Commands. Booting the Model 742i. Searching for Bootable Media. Redisplaying the Results of a Search. Displaying and Setting Paths. Resetting the Model 742i. Displaying and Setting the Real-Time Clock. Displaying and Setting the Autoselect Flag. Displaying and Setting the Secure Boot Mode.
Boot Console User Interface Introduction There are times when you want to interact directly with the hardware of your Model 742i before it boots the operating system. The Model 742i provides a boot console user interface to allow you to perform special tasks, display information, and set certain system parameters, even if the operating system is unavailable. Special Tasks Here are the special tasks that you can perform: Boot your system from any speci ed hardware device.
Real-time clock time and date. Autoselect. Status (on or o ) of the secure boot mode. Status (on or o ) of the fastboot memory test. Primary and secondary boot path. Console and keyboard path. Using the Boot Console User Interface To use the boot console user interface, follow these steps: 1. Shut down your system. 2. Turn o the system, for a few seconds. Then, turn it back on . 3. Press 4ESC5 at the prompt \Searching for system . . . " In a few seconds, this message appears: Terminating selection process.
This process may take several minutes. When the search ends, this list of actions appears as the Boot Console User Interface Menu: b) s) a) x) ?) Boot from specified device Search for bootable devices Enter boot administration mode Exit and continue boot sequence Help Select from menu: When you type in your entry, it appears to the right of the prompt \Select from menu:" Entering the Boot Administration Mode To change system hardware parameters, you must enter the boot administration mode.
See the section, \Booting the Model 742i", for details. Turn o the Model 742i. There is no need to shut down the system with the special procedure described in Chapter 3, since it has not yet been booted, and the le system has not been activated. Getting Help for the Boot Console User Interface Commands You may issue many di erent commands in the boot administration mode.
Here are some situations and examples: If you know which device you want to boot from, and you know that it contains a bootable operating system, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: boot device 4Return5 where device is one of the following: The hardware path to the device, speci ed in Mnemonic Style Notation The pn designation of the device, as listed in the device search For example, if you wish to boot an operating system that is stored on a DDS-format tape in a drive that is located at scsi.
If you do not know the locations of the bootable operating systems on the various media in your le system, you can nd them with the search command. You may also boot the system from the main menu of the Boot Console User Interface by typing this command at the prompt \Select from menu:" b device path 4Return5 where device path is a designator for the path to the device that contains a bootable le system.
If the search discovers ten devices, the label in the Device Selection column for the tenth entry is labeled P9. Any subsequent entries are labeled P*. Note P* cannot be used as a device designator for boot administration commands because it is ambiguous. To refer to a device labeled P* in a search, specify it by means of the entry in the Device Path column.
Displaying and Setting Paths A path is the hardware address of a device that is attached to the I/O system of your system. The path command can set any of the paths shown in Table B-1. Table B-1.
path path type 4Return5 where path type is one of the path types listed in Table B-1. For example, to get the path to the primary boot device, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: path primary 4Return5 To set a system path to a new value, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: path path type path 4Return5 where path type is one of the path types listed in Table B-1 and path is the speci cation of the path in Mnemonic Style Notation as described in Table B-2.
Resetting the Model 742i The act of resetting your system causes it to restart completely. It's similar to turning the systemo and then back on again. To reset your system, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: reset 4Return5 The same task is also accomplished by pressing the 4Reset5 switch on the front panel of the Model 742i. Displaying and Setting the Real-Time Clock It is usually a good idea to set the real-time clock in your system with the HP-UX date command.
Displaying and Setting the Autoselect Flag Autoselect is a variable stored in your system's EEPROM that retains its contents even after power is turned o . If you reset this ag to new values, the change takes e ect the next time you reboot the system. To examine the state of the Autoselect ag, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: auto 4Return5 If Autoselect is set to \on", when your system is turned on, in normal mode, it automatically attempts to boot the operating system.
secure boot mode is set to on, the boot console interface cannot be activated; thus, you are assured that your system's security cannot be compromised through interaction with that interface. To check the status of the secure boot mode, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: secure 4Return5 The status \on" or \off" is displayed. To change the value of the secure boot mode, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: secure state 4Return5 where state is on or off.
fastboot off 4Return5 To enable fastboot, type the following at the BOOT_ADMIN> prompt: fastboot on 4Return5 Displaying the LAN Station Address The LAN station address of your system is the label that uniquely identi es the LAN connection for it at the link level (the hardware level). It is sometimes necessary for you to supply this address to other users.
To change the VME con guration CPU number, Anchor, or AM code, you will need to change the position of the Service/Normal switch to \Service". (This can be done without restarting the boot sequence or exiting the Boot Admin mode.) Then enter the numbers to be changed after the bpn_config command, in the following order: 1. CPU number 2. Anchor number 3.
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Glossary Glossary absolute path name The name of a le which lists all the directories leading to it, starting with root (\/") and ending with the le base name itself. If the path name indicates a directory , leave the trailing slash. For example, /users/jth/. See Using HP-UX for more information on path names and directory structures in HP-UX.
boot To start or activate a system. Glossary boot ROM A read-only memory which is incorporated into a terminal for the purpose starting the operating system, testing the terminal, and producing a standard display. Bourne Shell A command interpreter, invoked as /bin/sh. The Bourne Shell is the default shell in HP-UX. BSD Berkeley Software Distribution. bus address A number which makes up part of the address HP-UX uses to locate a particular device.
character An element used for the organization, control, or representation of text. Characters include graphic characters and control characters. Glossary click To press and release a mouse button rapidly. cluster A group of workstations connected via a LAN. One computer, the cluster server, performs as a le-system server for the cluster clients. (For information on clusters, see Managing Clusters of HP9000 Computers: Sharing the HP-UX Filing System ).
Glossary the \current directory" or \working directory", and is identi ed by entering the command pwd. device le A le used for the computer to communicate with a device such as a tape drive or a printer. DDS Digital Data Storage. HP-supported \DAT" format for data storage. dialog box A subwindow of an application used to request information, or to display status or error conditions. directory A table of identi ers and references (such as le names) that refer to corresponding les and items of data.
heterogeneous cluster A cluster containing both Series 800 and Series 300 cluster nodes. Also may be used to refer to a mix of other, non-HP hardware systems in the same cluster. Glossary $HOME The value of the environment variable representing the home directory. home directory The directory name given by the value of the shell variable HOME. This is the directory where the user starts after logging in, typically /users/login , where login is your login name.
LAN Glossary See Local Area Network. LANG An NLS environment variable that is used to inform a computer process of the user's requirements for \native language," \local customs," and \coded character set." LED Light-emitting diode. Local Area Network The systems and/or clusters which share data, hardware, and software resources via Networking Services software. locally-mounted le system A le system mounted on a disk attached to a cluster client and shared by other nodes in the cluster.
NFS Network File Services. Glossary NFS le system A le system accessible over a network via the NFS Services product. node name A unique string used to identify each node in a cluster. operating system The contents of /hp-ux, including the kernel, commands, input-output control, system accounting, storage assignment, and other services. Also see kernel. owner The owner of a le is usually the creator of that le.
process An invocation of a program. Generally, process refers to a program running in memory, while program is the code stored on disk. Glossary process ID A unique identi cation number assigned to all processes by the operating system. Also see PID. pty Pseudo-terminal. RAM random-access memory. regular expression A string of characters that selects text. relative path name The name of a le, listing all the directories leading to that le in relation to the current working directory.
run-level The system state determined at boot which de nes, among other things, multi- or single-user status. Glossary SAM System Administration Manager. A subsystem of HP-UX that helps you to do a wide range of system administration tasks interactively. script A le that contains commands that a shell can interpret and run. SCSI Small Computer System Interface. server A computer program that provides le access, login access, le transfer, printing and other services across a network.
SPU System Processing Unit. The instruction-processing module of the computer. Glossary standard error The destination of error and special messages from a program, intended to be used for diagnostic messages. The standard error output is often called stderr, and is automatically opened by the shell for writing on le descriptor 2 for every command invoked. Standard error usually appears on the display unless it is directed otherwise. standard input The source of input data for a program.
user Any person who interacts directly with a computer system. Glossary user interface The medium through which users communicate with their workstations. The command-line prompt is one type of interface. The graphical objects of HP VUE are another type of interface. user ID An integer which identi es each system user. working directory This is the directory in which relative path name searches begin. It is also called the current directory, or the current working directory.
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Index Index 7 700i features, 1-1, 1-4 interfaces, 1-3 RAM, 1-2 742i features RAM, 1-2 shared, 1-2 A alternate boot devices paths, B-9 anti-static grounding, A-2 archiving, 5-2 archiving les, 4-14 audio, 1-3 resetting the Model 742i (software), B-11 setting boot mode, B-12 setting fastboot mode, B-13 tasks, B-2 using, B-3 booting the system, 3-3 boot problems, 6-6 boot program, 6-6 boot ROM, B-2{15 boot ROM console , B-2 boot ROM interface LAN addresses, B-14 bus IDs determining active SCSI, 4-7 C B ba
Index mkrs, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4 mount, 4-15, 4-16, 4-20 passwd, 3-10 reboot, 6-12, 6-13 reboot, -n option, 6-12, 6-13 shutdown, 3-11 umount, 4-16, 4-21 con guring boot console, B-2 boot ROM, B-2{15 CD ROM, 4-17{22 DDS drive, 4-23{26 exible disk drive, 4-12 hard disk drive jumpers, 4-8 HP-UX for a hard disk drive, 4-8 IP address, 3-2 network id, 3-2 system name, 3-2 time zone, 3-2 con guring printer on HP-UX, 4-3 connecting cables, 6-11 core dumps, 6-13 crash recovery boot from recovery tape, 5-10 creating a rec
Index fsck, 6-10 H halting your system, 3-11{13 hard disk installing, 4-8 testing installation, 4-10 hard disk drive, 4-8 installation, 4-8{11 hard disk drive con guration, 4-8 hardware failure at boot, 6-6, 6-11 failure of peripheral, 6-11 help information, 2-3 home directory, 3-8 HP-UX, 1-4 command line, 3-7 lock, 3-7 logging in, 3-7 logging out, 3-7 using, 3-7 HP-UX features, 1-4 I indicators, 3-6 LED, 6-2 information general, 2-2 help, 2-3 online, 2-3 inserting a CD ROM, 4-18, 4-21 inserting a disk,
Index N R network features, 1-4 network id, 3-2 network problems, 6-15 Newcon g nding, 2-3 NFS le system recovery using SAM, 5-7 normal LED indications, 3-6 recovery systems, 5-2 Release Notes nding, 2-3 removing a CD ROM, 4-21 removing a disk, 4-16 restoring, 5-2 restoring le system, 5-10{12 restoring individual les, 5-7{9 restoring operating system, 5-10{12 retrieving les, 4-14 O operating system, 1-4 S P panic message, 6-11 panic,system, 6-9 passwd, 3-10 password changing, 3-10 criteria, 3-10 en
Index hardware failure, 6-11 LAN, 6-12 recovering from, 6-9 system recovery, 5-10 T Terminfo nding, 2-3 terms, de nitions, Glossary-1{11 testing installation CD ROM, 4-20 testing installation ( exible disk), 4-13 testing installation (hard disk), 4-10 time zone, 3-2 troubleshooting system panic, 6-9{14 turning on, 3-3, 3-7 U umount, 4-16 unmounting a CD ROM, 4-21 unmounting a disk, 4-16 unused SCSI bus address nding , 4-7 upgrades memory , 1-2 upgrading memory, A-2 user account creating, 3-8 creating w
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