INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
i Contents Contents Introduction.................................................................................1 Symbols......................................................................................1 Outlook of Operating Procedures...............................................2 Chapter 1 Overview ___________________________________ 3 1.1 1.2 Product Overview .........................................................3 Features .....................................................................
ii Contents Chapter 5 Using Waveforms, Vectors, DMMs, and Bar Graphs (VIEW Screen)______________________________ 65 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Using the VIEW Screen ............................................. 65 Waveform Display ..................................................... 67 Vector Display ........................................................... 70 DMM Display ............................................................. 73 Harmonics Display .....................................................
iii Contents Chapter 8 Using the External Control Terminals _________ 135 8.1 8.2 8.3 Connecting to the External Control Terminal ...........136 Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN) ............................137 Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT) .....................138 Chapter 9 Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data139 9.1 9.2 Using the Internal Memory .......................................140 Using a PC Card ......................................................141 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.
iv Contents Appendix ________________________________ 209 Measurement Range and Nominal Voltage........................... 209 TIME PLOT Recording Method ............................................. 211 Event Waveform Recording Method...................................... 212 Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in Power Quality ................................................................................... 213 Terminology......................................................................
1 Introduction • The 3196 Quick Start Manual accompanies this device. Refer to this guide for precautions, information about connecting peripheral devices, connection methods, and measurement methods. • The present Instruction Manual mainly deals with how to make screen settings and how to set peripheral devices. • A clamp-on sensor (optional) is required to measure electrical currents with this device. For more details, refer to the Instruction Manual of the clamp-on sensor that you are using.
2 Outlook of Operating Procedures Indicates the purpose of the settings. Indicates the screen name selected with the DF key. Indicates operation keys. Indicates the name of an item displayed on the screen. Displays the item selected in the drop-down list box accompanied by an explanation.
3 1.1 Product Overview Chapter 1 Overview 1.1 Product Overview The 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER detects power line anomalities and analyzes power line quality. Need for power supply quality analysis Electric power liberalization Power electronics application devices Large arc heaters, large rectifiers 3196 Cooperative system with independent power Alternative energy (solar, wind power, gas turbine, etc.
4 1.2 Features 1.2 Features Safe design Designed to comply with safety standard EN61010-1:1993+A2:1995. Supports a variety of power lines Measures single-phase 2-wire, single-phase 3-wire, three-phase 3wire and three-phase 4-wire systems. An extra input channel is provided for uses such as measuring power lines of a second system, for direct voltage measurement or for measuring a neutral line.
5 1.2 Features ∆V10 Flicker, IEC flicker measurement Select either IEC flicker (Pst, Plt) regulated by international standards, or ∆V10 Flicker commonly used in Japan, and measure with power quality parameters. ∆-Y and Y-∆ conversion functions provided ∆-Y conversion can be performed on three-phase 3-wire systems, and Y-∆ conversion can be performed on three-phase 4-wire systems. In either case, line-to-line voltage or phase-to-neutral voltage display is available.
6 1.2 Features RS-232C and LAN interfaces provided Connect a PC, printer or modem for remote control and data output. PC Card interface provided Measurement and event data can be preserved by saving to a PC Card. Setting conditions and measurement data can be stored and read back using a PC Card. Six selectable display languages Select the display language from Japanese, English, German, French, Spanish or Italian.
7 1.2 Features Control instrument settings and data acquisition by Web browser HTTP server functions are built in Instrument settings and data acquisition can be controlled by common Internet Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. PC application software (option) for analyzing a large volume of data By using the optional 9624 PQA HiVIEW, a large volume of long-term measurement data recorded on a PC card can be analyzed.
8 1.
9 2.1 Key Explanations Key Explanations and Screen Chapter 2 Configuration 2.1 Key Explanations Front Panel Display 6.4-inch, TFT color LCD display DF1 to DF4 keys Press these Display Function DF keys to select the type of display.
10 2.1 Key Explanations Front Panel Enhanced View SYSTEM key Displays the [SYSTEM]screen (for selecting display of system settings). VIEW key Displays the [VIEW]screen (for selecting an Analysis view) TIME PLOT key Displays the [TIME PLOT]screen (for selecting the time plot graph). EVENT key Displays the [EVENT]screen (for selecting events). DATA HOLD key Temporarily stops display of measured values. Press again to cancel. While recording, display of the measured value can be stopped for confirmation.
11 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations Power ON Each screen type (SYSTEM, VIEW, TIMEPLOT and EVENT) displays the following information in response to the DF keys.
12 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations 2.2.1 Common Display Areas The display elements common to all screens on the 3196 are as follows. Top of Screen Interface & Hold/Lock Indicators*4 Indicates interface usage and HOLD/LOCK status. Screen Selection*1 Indicates the screen type selected by the corresponding key. SYSTEM Settings Indicators*5 Memory Usage Indicators*3 Displays the contents specified in MEASURE Level meters indicate the usage status of internal memory and flash ATA card.
13 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations *1:Screen Selection Display [SYSTEM]screen............... [VIEW]screen .................... [TIME PLOT]screen .......... [EVENT]screen ................. *2:Internal Operating Status Display One of [SETTING], [RECORDING]([WAITING] until preset time to start measuring), or [ANALYZING] is displayed to indicate the internal status of the instrument. The internal status is changed by pressing START/STOP to start/stop recording.
14 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations *3:Memory Usage Indicators INTERNAL MEMORY: Internal memory PC CARD MEMORY: ATA flash card TIME PLOT related data capacity Measurement stops when memory becomes full. (Selectable Stop/Continuous) Total capacity: 5 MB INTERNAL MEMORY Up to 100 EVENT data sets can be stored After 100 events are stored, the earliest are overwritten. Total capacity: 8 MB *4:Status Icons Interface usage status indicators Indicates the printer is ready for use.
15 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations *6: Number of repeated recording operations When the repeated recording function is set, the number of repeated recording operations currently set will be indicated. Repeated recording operations can be conducted up to 99 days at one-day measuring intervals, and up to 99 weeks at one-week measuring intervals. The measured data file of repeated recording is saved as a separate binary file for each one-day or one-week period on the PC card.
16 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations 2.2.2 Screen Configurations For a detailed description of each screen, see 2.2.3 "Screen Details", and for information about how to make settings, see the references on the right. SYSTEM Screen ❖ 4.2 "Checking the Connec- WIRING tion"(page 45) WIRING VECTOR Displays connection diagrams. You can confirm the connections of the voltage cord and clamp sensors. ❖ 4.2.1 "Confirming the Con- Displays voltage and current vector diagrams.
17 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations VIEWScreen Screen VIEW ❖ 5.2 "Waveform Display"(page WAVE 67) VOLT/CURR Displays voltage and current waveforms. You can display entire waveforms or enlarged parts of waveforms. VOLTAGE Displays 4 channels of voltage waveforms. CURRENT Displays 4 channels of current waveforms. VECTOR Displays voltage and current vector diagrams. Displays the numerical value for RMS and the unbalance factor. ❖ 5.3 "Vector Display"(page 70) ❖ 5.
18 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations TIME PLOT Screen ❖ 6.3 "Changes in RMS RMS 1 ELEMENT You can select one measurement item and display RMS time series graphs for each measurement interval of 200 ms. 2 ELEMENT You can select two measurement items and display RMS time series graphs for each measurement interval of 200 ms. Value"(page 89) ❖ 6.
19 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations EVENT Screen EVENT LIST MONITOR Displays the contents of events in the event list. ❖ 7.4 "Event List Dis- Displays an LED on the monitor display when an event occurs. ❖ 7.7 "Event Monitor Display"(page 134) ❖ See the Instruction Man- EN50160 Over View play"(page 127) Displays judgment results for all measurement items, in accordance with the EN50160.
20 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations 2.2.3 Screen Details WIRING Press SYSTEM Screen to switch the display screen. WIRING 4.2.1 "Confirming the Connection Diagram"(page 45) Connection diagram corresponding to the connection method Displays (the connection methods for the voltage cord and clamp and) the voltage value, current value, and active power value for each channel. ❖ When the display value is wrong(page 46) VECTOR 4.2.
21 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations MAIN Press SYSTEM Screen to switch the display screen. MEASURE 4.3.1 "Main Settings"(page 49) You can make basic measurement settings for the following. • • • • • • • • • • RECORDING Connection method Voltage and current ranges PT and CT ratios Clamp sensor Nominal voltage Measured frequency PLL source Calculation method Flicker EN50160 and so on 6.2 "Time Plot Settings"(page 81) You can make recording settings for the following.
22 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations EVENT Press SYSTEM Screen to switch the display screen. VOLTAGE 7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event Settings"(page 122) Select the event triggers and set the thresholds. You can set the following as events. • Transient • Swell • Dip • Instantaneous interruption • Frequency • Voltage waveform comparison POWER 7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event Settings"(page 122) Select the event triggers and set the thresholds. You can set the following as events.
23 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations LOAD/SAVE Press SYSTEM Screen to switch the display screen. MEMORY 9.1 "Using the Internal Memory"(page 140) Displays the settings file list stored in this device’s internal memory. You can load and save settings using this device’s internal memory. PC-CARD 9.2 "Using a PC Card"(page 141) Displays the list of files stored on the PC card.
24 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations WAVE Press VIEW Screen to switch the display screen. VOLT/CURR 5.2 "Waveform Display"(page 67) Displays voltage and current waveforms for channels, depending on how they are connected. Displays 10 waveforms at 50 Hz, and 12 waveforms at 60 Hz. By scrolling when an event is selected, you can display 14 waveforms at 50 Hz and 16 waveforms at 60 Hz. VOLTAGE 5.
25 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations VECTOR Press VIEW Screen to switch the display screen. VECTOR 5.3 "Vector Display"(page 70) Displays voltage and current vectors for channels, depending on how they are connected. You can display each order (1st to 50th order) for harmonic analysis as a vectors and simultaneously display the harmonic (RMS value or phase angle) and unbalance factors as numerical values. For phase angle display, you can select ±180° display or 360° lag display.
26 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations DMM Press VIEW Screen to switch the display screen. POWER 5.4 "DMM Display"(page 73) You can display the following items on the DMM display. • Voltage (U) • Current (I) • Active power (P) • Reactive power (Q) • Apparent power (S) • Power factor (PF) or displacement power factor (DPF) Displays numerical values for channels, depending on how they are connected. Example: Displays 4, 3P4W (threephase four-wire) channels on the DMM display. VOLTAGE 5.
27 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations HARMONICS Press VIEW Screen to switch the display screen. GRAPH 5.5.1 "Harmonics Bar Graph"(page 74) Displays a bar graph for the harmonics and inter-harmonics. Displays three bar graphs for the voltage, current, and active power simultaneously. LIST 5.5.2 "Harmonics List Screen"(page 76) Displays a list of the harmonics and inter-harmonics. Displays the list and distortion of the selected display items simultaneously.
28 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations RMS Press TIME PLOT Screen to switch the display screen. 1 ELEMENT 6.3 "Changes in RMS Value"(page 89) You can display the fluctuation graph of a single RMS value selected from the following.
29 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations VOLTAGE Press TIME PLOT Screen to switch the display screen. INTERVAL 6.4 "Changes in Voltage"(page 93) Displays a voltage fluctuation graph used to calculate the swell, dip, and instantaneous interruption. Voltage is calculated for one waveform shifted over half a wave. The maximum and minimum values are detected from the multiple voltage values included in the set interval, and the display changes.
30 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations HARMONICS HARM TIME PLOT Screen 6.5 "Changes in Harmonics"(page 100) You can display a fluctuation graph for a single harmonic selected from the following. • Harmonic voltage (RMS value, content percentage, and phase angle) • Harmonic current (RMS value, content percentage, and phase angle) • Harmonic power (RMS value and phase difference) You can select 6 orders to be displayed simultaneously from orders 1 to 50 for the basic wave.
31 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations FLICKER GRAPH TIME PLOT Screen 6.6 "Flicker"(page 104) Displays a graph for IEC flicker or ∆V10 flicker IEC Flicker Displays a fluctuation graph for IEC flicker (Pst, Plt). The graph is updated every 10-minute, regardless of the interval that is set for [SYSTEM] - DF2 [MAIN] - [RECORDING]. This is only displayed if Pst, Plt is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2 [MAIN] - [MEASURE]. ∆V10 Flicker Displays a fluctuation graph for ∆V10 flicker.
32 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations FLICKER LIST TIME PLOT Screen 6.6 "Flicker"(page 104) Displays a list for IEC flicker or ∆V10 flicker IEC Flicker Displays the IEC flicker (Pst, Plt) values in a list. • Pst (short interval voltage flicker) • Plt (long interval voltage flicker) The list is updated every 10-minute. This is only displayed if Plt, Pst is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2 [MAIN] - [MEASURE]. ∆V10 Flicker Displays the ∆V10 statistics below in a list.
33 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations EVENT LIST EVENT Screen 7.4 "Event List Display"(page 127) Displays events in a form list. You can confirm the time and type of event that occurred. By selecting an event with the cursor, you can make a detailed analysis of the event in the VIEW Screen. You can select the time sequence and priority sequence for the list display method. MONITOR 7.7 "Event Monitor Display"(page 134) You can monitor if any events occurred and how many of each type of event.
34 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations EN50160 EVENT Screen Harmonics Displays detailed judgment results for harmonics, in accordance with the EN50160. Signaling Displays detailed judgment results for signaling voltage, in accordance with the EN50160. Events Displays detailed judgment results for events, in accordance with the EN50160.
35 2.2 Screen Names and Configurations EN50160 EVENT Screen Setting1 Sets the wiring, voltage range, PT ratio, nominal voltage, and thresholds of transient, swell, dip, and interruption, in accordance with the EN50160. Setting2 Sets the thresholds of frequency, voltage fluctuation, flicker, unbalance factor, THD, signaling voltage, in accordance with the EN50160. Setting3 Sets the thresholds of harmonic waveform, in accordance with the EN50160.
36 2.
37 Chapter 3 Connections For details about connection precautions, Refer to the Quick Start Manual. 1. Connecting to the 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER 1 Attach the Strap. 2 Install the battery pack. *If unnecessary, go to step 2. 1 2 Rear 3 Connect the AC adapter and power cord. 4 Connect the Wiring Adapter (optional). 5 Connect the voltage cord. 6 Connect the clamp sensor. 7 Turn on the 3196. When not connecting the Wiring Adapter, go to step 5.
38 2. Connecting to the target power line. WIRING Advanced settings 1 MEASURE Set the connection method, nominal voltage, and frequency. ❖4.2 "Checking the Connection"(page 45) 2 3 While consulting the connection diagram, connect the voltage cord and clamp sensor to the power line that you want to measure. Confirm the present connection status. (voltage, current, and active power on each channel) ❖4.2.
39 3.1 Connection Diagram ê⁄ 3.1 Connection Diagram Single-phase 2-wire (1P2W) A: Line, N: Neutral, G: Ground Load side Source side Red Gray LOAD SOURCE A Black N Black G U- U+ U- U+ U- U+ U- U+ CH1 CH2 CH3 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 U INPUT I INPUT Face the arrow toward the Load CH4 Ground line measurement, etc. U1=100 V I1=15 A U4=10 V I4=1.
40 3.
41 3.1 Connection Diagram Three-phase 4-wire (3P4W) A, B, C: Lines, N: Neutral, G: Ground Load side Source side Red A B LOAD SOURCE Yellow Blue C Black Black Black Gray N Black G U- U+ U- U+ U- U+ U- U+ CH1 CH2 CH3 U INPUT CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH4 I INPUT Neutral line measurement, etc. Face the arrow toward the Load U1=U2=U3=115.
42 3.
43 4.1 Using the SYSTEM Screen Making System Settings (SYSTEM Screen) Chapter 4 1. Confirm the connection diagram. 2. Check the connection vectors. 3. ❖ Confirming the Connection Diagram (page 45) ❖ Checking the Connection (page 47) Make system settings. ❖ Making System Settings (page 49) Make other settings in the SYSTEM screen. ❖ Event Settings Screen (page 63) Using Events (EVENT Screen) (page 115) ❖ Load/Save Screen (page 64) Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data (page 139) 4.
44 4.1 Using the SYSTEM Screen Screen operations depending on the internal operation status Screen operations are limited according to the internal operation status.
45 4.2 Checking the Connection 4.2 Checking the Connection 4.2.
46 4.2 Checking the Connection Setting the nominal voltage WIRING U Reference (Nominal voltage) Select from pulldown menu 100 V, 101 V, 110 V, 120 V, 200 V, 202 V, 208 V, 220 V, 230 V, 240 V, 277 V, 346 V, 380 V, 400 V, 415 V, 480 V, 600 V, VARIABLE Nominal voltage affects channels 1 to 3. Confirm Cancel Setting the measured frequency WIRING Frequency (Measured frequency) Select from pulldown menu 50 Hz, 60 Hz Confirm Cancel 1.
47 4.2 Checking the Connection 4.2.2 Checking the Connection Example: 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) WIRING VECTOR You can check the voltage and current vectors of each connection method. When tolerance levels are set and the voltage or current falls outside these levels, check and correct the connection. When the input level is 50% or less of range, a marker is appended to the perimeter of the current vector to make it recognizable.
48 4.2 Checking the Connection 1. When the RMS voltage value is wrong • Is the voltage clip properly connected to the power line being tested? • Is the voltage cord inserted correctly in the voltage connector? Tolerance levels are wrong 2. When the voltage phase angle is wrong • Is the voltage cord connected properly? • Are the colors on the voltage input terminal and the voltage cord the same? 3.
49 4.3 Making System Settings 4.3 Making System Settings 4.3.
50 4.3 Making System Settings Connection method settings (CH 1, 2, 3) MEASURE Wiring Select from pulldown menu To measure single-phase two-wire power lines 1P2W To measure single-phase three-wire power lines 1P3W 3P3W2M To measure single-phase three-wire power lines (using Confirm the 2 power meter method) (Use this when measuring three-phase power with 2spot current measurement only.
51 4.3 Making System Settings Clamp sensor settings MEASURE Clamp Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel 0.1mV/A, 1mV/A 9661, 9660, 10mV/A 9694, 100mV/A, 5000A 9667, 500A 9667, 1000A 9669 Set the output rate (the output voltage to input current ratio) of the clamp sensor you are using.
52 4.3 Making System Settings PT and CT ratio settings MEASURE PT Ratio V(PT )Ratio VARIABLE, 1, 60, 100, 200, 300, 600, 700, 1000, CT Ratio CT Ratio Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel 2000, 2500, 5000 VARIABLE, 1, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1200 You can set the optional PT(VT) and CT ratios within the 0.01 to 9999.99 range.
53 4.3 Making System Settings Measured frequency settings MEASURE Frequency Select from pulldown menu 50 Hz, 60 Hz Confirm Cancel • Set the frequency used for internal processing. • Be sure to note that the calculation result, particularly for harmonics, will be incorrect, if the setting deviates from the nominal frequency of the measuring line. • If set to 50 Hz, 10 waveforms are used to calculate harmonics, and if set to 60 Hz, 12 waveforms are used to calculate harmonics.
54 4.3 Making System Settings Voltage calculation method settings MEASURE U CalcType Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel PHASE-N (phase-to-neutra voltage) LINE-LINE (line-to-line voltage) It is possible to switch to phase-to-neutral voltage or line-toline voltage only when the connection method is 3P3W3M (three-phase three-wire three power meter method) or 3P4W (three-phase four-wire).
55 4.3 Making System Settings THD calculation method settings MEASURE THD Calc (THD calculation) Select from pulldown menu THD_F The ratio of total harmonics to fundamental wave. THD_R The ratio of total harmonics to total harmonics, fundamental wave included. Confirm The selected THD calculation method is valid for both harmonic voltage and harmonic current. Cancel What is THD? THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) indicates the total harmonic distortion factor.
56 4.3 Making System Settings Flicker calculation settings MEASURE Flicker Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel Flicker measurement is not used. OFF Pst,Plt IEC flicker is measured. ∆V10 ∆ V10 flicker is measured. ∆V10 flicker can only be measured on one of voltage channels U1, U2 or U3. The measurement source is the channel that is selected for flicker measurement.
57 4.3 Making System Settings IEC flicker filter settings MEASURE Filter Select from pulldown menu 120V lamp, 230V lamp Select a lamp system filter defined in IEC 61000-4-15. This setting is available only when “Pst, Plt” is selected for Flicker. Confirm Cancel ∆V10 flicker measurement channel settings MEASURE Flicker CH Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel U1, U2, U3 ∆V10 flicker can only be measured on one of channels U1, U2 or U3.
58 4.3 Making System Settings EN50160 settings MEASURE EN50160 Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel ON OFF Perform evaluations conforming to the EN50160. Do not perform evaluations conforming to the EN50160. The EN50160 (Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems) is a voltage-quality evaluation method used in Europe. It supports evaluations of 230-V 50Hz power systems only. For detailed information on the EN50160, see the Instruction Manual for EN50160.
59 4.3 Making System Settings 4.3.2 Recording Settings MAIN RECORDING ❖Types of settings to record data 1 (page 82) ❖Types of settings to record data 2 (page 83) ❖Settings when the memory is full (page 83) ❖Setting intervals (page 84) ❖Setting Auto-save (page 85) ❖Setting real-time control (page 85) ❖Setting measurement start/stop time (page 86) ❖Setting the repeated recording (page 87) ❖Setting the number of repeated recording (page 88) For details, see 6.2 "Time Plot Settings" (page 81). 4.3.
60 4.3 Making System Settings Version information HARDWARE Version Indicates the version of this device.
61 4.3 Making System Settings Screen color settings HARDWARE Color (Screen color) Select from pulldown menu Confirm COLOR 1 COLOR 2 COLOR 3 COLOR 4 MONO Default Dark blue Monochrome (characters are white) Light blue Monochrome (characters are black) Cancel LCD backlight auto-OFF settings HARDWARE LCD Off (LCD backlight) Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel Ordinarily turns on the LCD backlight. ON 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, Automatically turns off the backlight after the set time.
62 4.3 Making System Settings Clock settings HARDWARE Clock Numeric value settings Changes columns in the following order: year (Y), month (M), day (D), hour (h), and minutes(m). Confirm Cancel Make sure that you enter “00” in the seconds column. Press the instant the seconds are 00. Resetting the system HARDWARE System Reset When you think that the device is not operating properly, you can reset the system.
63 4.4 Event Settings Screen 4.4 Event Settings Screen 4.4.1 Measurement Settings EVENT VOLTAGE POWER ❖Automatic setting of event thresholds (page 123) ❖Turning off all event thresholds (page 123) ❖Setting the event recording sequence (page 124) ❖Event ON/OFF settings (page 124) ❖Setting of event thresholds (page 125) ❖Setting of event thresholds (voltage waveform comparison) (page 125) HARMONICS ❖ Event ON/OFF settings and threshold settings (page 126) For details, see 7.
64 4.5 Load/Save Screen 4.5 Load/Save Screen LOAD/SAVE MEMORY ❖9.1 "Using the Internal Memory" (page 140) PC-CARD ❖9.2 "Using a PC Card" (page 141) For details, see Chapter 9 "Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data" (page 139).
65 5.1 Using the VIEW Screen Using Waveforms, Vectors, DMMs, and Bar Graphs (VIEW Screen) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Chapter 5 Check measurement data on the waveform display. ❖Waveform Display (page 67) Check measurement data on the vector display. ❖Vector Display (page 70) Check measurement data on the DMM display. ❖DMM Display (page 73) Check measurement data with harmonics. ❖Harmonics Bar Graph (page 74) ❖Harmonics List Screen (page 76) Check event data on the VIEW display.
66 5.1 Using the VIEW Screen Screen operations depending on the internal operation status The screens that can be displayed differ depending on the internal operation status. Internal operation status Display Display update [SETTING] Contents of the display update during setting. [RECORDING] Contents of the latest display update during measurement.
67 5.2 Waveform Display 5.2 Waveform Display Example: 4-channel waveform with a 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) configuration WAVE VOLT/CURR Superimposes and displays 4 channels of the voltage waveform. Currsor value (time) Superimposes and displays 4 channels of the current waveform.
68 5.2 Waveform Display Enlarging waveforms Changing the Y-axis scale of waveforms SELECT U I Select from pulldown menu x1/3, x1/2, x1, x2, x5, x10 Confirm When you want to reduce the waveform, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the waveform, make the scale larger.
69 5.2 Waveform Display Reading the cursor value (cursor measurement) [VOLTAGE], [CURRENT ] CURSOR Cursor value (Waveform instantaneous values) Move the vertical cursor left and right to read the display value. Vertical cursor Cursor position Scroll bar The cursor on the scroll bar indicates where the cursor is positioned on the saved waveform. You can read waveform instantaneous values with the cursor. Normally, the cursor is located at the beginning of the waveform.
70 5.3 Vector Display 5.
71 5.3 Vector Display Changing the RMS value/phase angle display SELECT VALUE (Example) Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel VALUE (RMS value) PHASE (phase angle) You can select what value to display (RMS value display or phase angle display). When PHASE is selected, see "Changing the phase angle display method" (page 71).
72 5.3 Vector Display Changing harmonic number of orders ORDER Change the number of orders You can select what value to display. When you change the number of orders, the values change along with the vector. In this case, the voltage and current unbalance factors remain the same as the values calculated using the fundamental wave (1st order).
73 5.4 DMM Display 5.
74 5.5 Harmonics Display 5.5 Harmonics Display 5.5.
75 5.5 Harmonics Display Changing the axis display SELECT LOG (Example) Select from pulldown menu Confirm LINEAR (linear display) LOG (logarithmic display) When you select the logarithmic display, the vector is easy to see even at low levels. Cancel Changing the RMS value/phase angle display SELECT VALUE (Example) Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel VALUE (RMS value) PHASE (phase angle) You can select whether RMS values or phase angles are displayed in the harmonic bar graph.
76 5.5 Harmonics Display Changing the order number displayed ORDER Change the order number The selected order number becomes green on the bar graph. If you change the order number, the values change along with the bar graph. 5.5.
77 5.5 Harmonics Display Changing the display channel CH1 (Example) Select from pulldown menu CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4 Confirm Cancel Changing the display item U (Example) Select from pulldown menu U, I, P Confirm Cancel Changing the RMS value/phase angle display VALUE (Example) Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel VALUE (RMS value) PHASE (phase angle) You can select whether RMS values or phase angles are displayed in the harmonic list.
78 5.5 Harmonics Display Displaying inter-harmonics iHarmOFF (Example) Select from pulldown menu iHarmOFF, iHarmON Confirm Cancel When active power (P) is selected as the display item, interharmonics are not displayed. If you display inter-harmonics (iHarmON), the screen changes as follows. The left side of the example shows harmonics and the right inter-harmonics. Inter-harmonics order numbers are 0.5 less than the order numbers of harmonics in the same line.
79 6.1 Using the TIME PLOT Screen Using the Time Series Graph (TIME PLOT Screen) Chapter 6 1. Make time series settings 2. Perform measurements ❖Time Plot Settings (page 81) Press 3. to record data. Analyze time series data ❖Changes in RMS Value (page 89) ❖Changes in Voltage (page 93) ❖Changes in Harmonics (page 100) ❖Flicker (page 104) 6.1 Using the TIME PLOT Screen Switching screen display TIME PLOT screen selector Display screen selector RMS ❖6.3 "Changes in RMS Value" (page 89) VOLTAGE ❖6.
80 6.1 Using the TIME PLOT Screen Screen operations depending on the internal operation status When measurement starts, the time series graph is displayed on the TIME PLOT screen. The Y-axis and X-axis are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen. To change the scale of the Y-axis or X-axis, end measurement. When measurement stops, the time series graph is no longer displayed. Status Display Display update No time series graph display data.
81 6.2 Time Plot Settings 6.2 Time Plot Settings To display the time series graph, make the following settings in the SYSTEM screen.
82 6.2 Time Plot Settings Types of settings to record data 1 RECORDING Rec. Data ALL DATA P&Harm Select from pulldown menu Power Records all the calculation values. Records all calculation values except inter-harmonics. Records all calculation values except harmonics and inter-harmonics.
83 6.2 Time Plot Settings Types of settings to record data 2 RECORDING MAX/MIN/AVE (Example) Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel AVE MAX/MIN/AVE Records the average value only. Records the maximum, minimum, and average values. You can display the values (MAX, MIN, and AVE values) selected in the Change in RMS value or Change in harmonics time series graphs.
84 6.2 Time Plot Settings Setting intervals RECORDING Possible recording time Interval 1, 3, 15, or 30 sec, 1, 5, 10, or 30 min, 1/2 hour Depending on the data recorded and interval settings, the time series graph's possible recording time changes.
85 6.2 Time Plot Settings Setting Auto-save RECORDING Auto Save OFF, BINARY, TEXT Select from pulldown menu Confirm You can set the 3196 to save data automatically to the PC card. ❖File Types (page 143) ❖Saving and Loading Files (page 145) When BINARY or TEXT is selected, measurement data is recorded to PC card as well as internal memory. Cancel After measurement, the measurement data in internal memory can be saved manually in binary or text format .
86 6.2 Time Plot Settings Setting measurement start/stop time RECORDING Start Time Stop Time When Manual setting: Set the values Numeric value settings When Automatic settings: Start time Set to the current time. Change columns Stop time Confirm Set to 1 hour after the start time. Set to 1 day after the start time. Set to 1 week after the start time. Cancel An error message appears when is pressed and the set measurement start time has already passed.
87 6.2 Time Plot Settings Setting the repeated recording Repeated recording operations can be conducted up to 99 days at one-day measuring intervals, and up to 99 weeks at one-week measuring intervals. The measured data file of repeated recording is saved as a separate binary file for each one-day or one-week period on the PC card. The repeated recording function utilizes “continuous measurement with full internal memory,” “real time control,” and “auto-save on PC card.
88 6.2 Time Plot Settings Setting the number of repeated recording RECORDING RepeatSave 99 (example) Select from pulldown menu Indicates required PC card file capacity. 1 to 99 Increases the value Lowers the value Confirm Cancel When the repeated recording function is set, the number of repeated recording operations currently set will be indicated.
89 6.3 Changes in RMS Value 6.3 Changes in RMS Value Display items calculated by the 3196 at 200 ms intervals can be displayed in a time series for each interval. RMS Example: 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) You can select a single item from the display items to be displayed in the time series graph. 1 ELEMENT Yellow: MAX value Green: AVE value Red: MIN value You can select two items from the display items to be displayed in the time series graph.
90 6.
91 6.3 Changes in RMS Value Changing the Y-axis scale SELECT Ydiv Select from pulldown menu Confirm AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger. When recording, use AUTO. Cancel Changing the X-axis scale SELECT Tdiv Select from pulldown menu Confirm AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller.
92 6.3 Changes in RMS Value Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll through the graph Waveform display range Scroll bar Graph display All recorded data The waveform display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen. When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
93 6.4 Changes in Voltage 6.4 Changes in Voltage 6.4.1 Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Each Interval You can display interval-by-interval time series graphs of voltages (∆U,S(t) as well as Urms) internally calculated from single half waveshifted waveforms VOLTAGE INTERVAL Example: 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) Displays a time series graph for U1, U2, and U3. Modified values are displayed as MAX and MIN values.
94 6.4 Changes in Voltage Changing the Y-axis scale SELECT Ydiv Select from pulldown menu AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger. Confirm AUTO scaling is used during recording. Cancel Changing the X-axis scale SELECT Tdiv Select from pulldown menu AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller.
95 6.4 Changes in Voltage Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll through the graph Waveform display range Cursor position Scroll bar Graph display The cursor on the scroll bar indicates where the cursor is positioned on the all recorded data. All recorded data The graph display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen.
96 6.4 Changes in Voltage 6.4.2 Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Events When an event occurs, the voltage calculated by the 3196 for a single waveform shifted half a wave can be displayed in a time series graph spanning 10 seconds. VOLTAGE Example: 1P2W (single-phase two-wire) Displays a time series graph for U1, U2, and U3. Pre-trigger is fixed to 0.5 second and overall recording length to 10 seconds.
97 6.4 Changes in Voltage Changing the Y-axis scale SELECT Ydiv Select from pulldown menu Confirm AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger. AUTO scaling is used during recording. Cancel Changing the X-axis scale SELECT Tdiv Select from pulldown menu Confirm Cancel AUTO, x5, x2, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller.
98 6.4 Changes in Voltage Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll through the graph Waveform display range Cursor position Scroll bar The cursor on the scroll bar indicates where the cursor is positioned on the all recorded data. Graph display All recorded data The graph display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen.
99 6.4 Changes in Voltage Automatically recording multiple voltage fluctuation event graphs on a PC card Only one voltage fluctuation event graph is recorded in internal memory. By using a PC card, your can record multiple voltage fluctuation event graphs. When BINARY (binary format) or TEXT (text format) is selected as the auto save option, measurement files are automatically recorded on the PC card.
100 6.5 Changes in Harmonics 6.5 Changes in Harmonics You can select six orders and display them in a harmonics time series graph.
101 6.5 Changes in Harmonics Changing the display item SELECT U1 Select from pulldown menu U1, U2, U3, U4 Voltage (CH1/2/3/4) Current (CH1/2/3/4) I1/I2/I3/I4 Active power (CH1/2/3/) P1/P2/P3 Total active power Psum Phase difference (CH1/2/3) θ1/θ2/θ3 Total phase difference θsum The display items that can be selected differ depending on the connection method. θ indicates the phase difference between the voltage and the current for that channel.
102 6.5 Changes in Harmonics Changing the order number displayed SELECT 1 (Example) Select from pulldown menu OFF, 1 to 50 (When harmonics DF3[HARM] is selected) OFF, 0.5 to 49.5 (When Inter-harmonics DF3[INTERHARM] is selected) Confirm Cancel You can select up to six orders and display them simultaneously. Cursor measurements CURSOR Cursor value Move the vertical cursor left and right to read the display value. The cursor value is the same color as the selected order.
103 6.5 Changes in Harmonics Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll bar Scroll through the graph Cursor position Scroll bar The cursor on the scroll bar indicates where the cursor is positioned on the all recorded data. Graph display All recorded data The graph display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen. During measurement, the Y-axis is automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
104 6.6 Flicker 6.6 Flicker 6.6.1 IEC Flicker Meter and ∆V10 Flicker Meter A flicker meter is a device for measuring perceived instability in light resulting from variations in lighting brightness and wavelength. There are two types of flicker meters: the IEC flicker meter (UIE flicker meter), which is based on the IEC standard; and the ∆V10 flicker meter, which is used primarily in Japan.
105 6.6 Flicker Weighting Filter Processing uses one of two selectable weighting filters, a filter of 230 V lamp, 50 Hz systems, and a filter for 120 V lamp, 60 Hz systems. F(s) = kω1s • 1+s/ω2 / (s2+2λs+ω12)•(1+s/ω3)(1+s/ω4) • 230 V lamp 50Hz system k = 1.74802 λ = 2π4.05981 ω1 = 2π9.15494 ω2 = 2π2.27979 ω3 = 2π1.22535 ω4 = 2π21.9 • 120 V lamp 60Hz system k = 1.6357 λ = 2π4.167375 ω1 = 2π9.077169 ω2 = 2π2.939902 ω3 = 2π1.394468 ω4 = 2π17.
106 6.6 Flicker ∆V10 Flicker Meter ∆V10 Flicker The ∆V10 flicker function is calculated using the “perceived flicker curve” calculation method, which is based on digital Fourier transformation. Calculation: ∞ ∆ V 10 = ∑ ( an ⋅ ∆ Vn ) 2 n=1 ∆Vn: an: RMS value [V] for voltage fluctuations in frequency fn. Luminosity coefficient for fn where 10 Hz is 1.0. (0.
107 6.6 Flicker 6.6.2 IEC Flicker Graph Displays the IEC flicker graph. FLICKER GRAPH ❖Changing the Y-axis scale (page 107) ❖Changing the X-axis scale (page 108) ❖Cursor measurements (page 108) ❖Scrolling through waveforms (page 109) • The graph is updated every 10-minute, regardless of the interval that is set for [SYSTEM]-DF2[MAIN]-[RECORDING]. • After you press , the clock displays “00” seconds and measurement starts.
108 6.6 Flicker Changing the X-axis scale SELECT Tdiv Select from pulldown menu AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger. Confirm AUTO scaling is used during recording. This cannot be changed. Cancel Cursor measurements CURSOR Move the vertical cursor left and right to read the display value.
109 6.6 Flicker Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll bar Scroll through the graph Waveform display range Scroll bar Graph display All recorded data The waveform display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen. When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
110 6.6 Flicker 6.6.3 IEC Flicker List Statistics on Pst and Plt are displayed every 10 minutes, along with the date and time. • Pst: short interval flicker value • Plt: long interval flicker value FLICKER LIST • The displayed statistics are for IEC flicker (Pst and Plt), and are displayed in the list every 10 minutes together with the date and time. • This is only displayed if Pst, Plt is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM]-DF2 [MAIN]-[MEASURE].
111 6.6 Flicker 6.6.4 ∆V10 Flicker Graph FLICKER GRAPH ❖Changing the Y-axis scale (page 112) ❖Changing the X-axis scale (page 112) ❖Cursor measurements (page 112) ❖Scrolling through waveforms (page 113) • The graph is updated once a minute, regardless of the interval that is set for [SYSTEM]-DF2[MAIN]-[RECORDING]. • After you press , the clock displays “00” seconds and measurement starts. • This is only displayed if ∆V10 is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM]-DF2[ MAIN]-[MEASURE].
112 6.6 Flicker Changing the Y-axis scale SELECT Ydiv Select from pulldown menu AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller. When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger. Confirm AUTO scaling is used during recording. Cancel Changing the X-axis scale SELECT Tdiv Select from pulldown menu AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64 When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller.
113 6.6 Flicker Scrolling through waveforms SCROLL Scroll bar Scroll through the graph Waveform display range Scroll bar Graph display All recorded data The waveform display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen. When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
114 6.6 Flicker 6.6.5 ∆V10 Flicker List The following ∆V10 flicker statistics are updated every hour and displayed in the list together with the date and time. • The maximum value over one hour for ∆V10 Flicker • The fourth maximum value over one hour for ∆V10 Flicker • The average value over one hour for ∆V10 Flicker FLICKER The ∆V10 flicker statistics are displayed for the measurement period. ∆V10 values are updated once a minute.
115 Using Events (EVENT Screen) 1. Chapter 7 Make event settings ❖Event Settings (page 121) By setting thresholds in advance, information regarding internal calculations that exceed the thresholds can be captured as events. Since thresholds are ordinarily set as the rated limits of the electrical facilities being used, the occurrence of an event can be interpreted as a power supply anomaly. 2.
116 7.1 Using the EVENT Screen 7.1 Using the EVENT Screen Switching screen display Selecting the EVENT Screen Display screen selection EVENT LIST ❖7.4 "Event List Display" (page 127) MONITOR ❖7.7 "Event Monitor Display" (page 134) EN50160 (For details, see the instruction Manual for EN50160 (CD-R).) • Over View • Harmonics • Signaling • Events • Setting1 • Setting2 • Setting3 About screen configuration ❖2.2.2 "Screen Configurations"(page 19) ❖2.2.
117 7.1 Using the EVENT Screen Screen operations depending on the internal operation status Screen operations are limited according to the internal operation status. Status [SETTING] Display update None [RECORDING] Each time an event occurs [ANALYZING] Stop Can be used in the SETTING status only with the event monitor.
118 7.2 Event Detection Method 7.2 Event Detection Method Transient overvoltage Detection method: The voltage channels (U1 to U4) are sampled at 2 MHz and transients exceeding the absolute value of the threshold are detected. Threshold Threshold determines the variance from the voltage waveform. The waveform that is saved is the one that has the largest positive or negative transient peak. Peak value Threshold Interval 2 ms 2 ms Recorded contents: 1. Peak value: Maximum absolute value (2000 Vmax) 2.
119 7.
120 7.2 Event Detection Method Harmonic voltage distortion Reference waveforms are formed above and below the voltage waveform with an interval of 200 ms and with an offset equivalent to the threshold value, then detection is performed by comparing the measured waveform with these reference values. External event External events are detected either when the external control terminal (EVENT IN) is shorted, or at the falling edge of the input pulse signal.
121 7.3 Event Settings 7.3 Event Settings Events and thresholds are set in the SYSTEM screen.
122 7.3 Event Settings 7.3.1 Voltage/Power Event Settings Make the following settings in the SYSTEM screen.
123 7.3 Event Settings Automatic setting of event thresholds VOLTAGE Auto Setup AUTO SETUP Event thresholds (voltage, power, and harmonic) are set automatically, taking the current measurement as the normal value. It is recommended that thresholds be individually adjusted, using the thresholds set automatically for reference. The thresholds set will be meaningless if automatic setting is used when no input is present.
124 7.3 Event Settings Setting the event recording sequence VOLTAGE Event Record Set the order in which events (voltage, power, and harmonic) are displayed in the event list screen. FIFO FIFO (Time order) Priority Events are listed in the order in which they occurred. Priority Events are listed in worst-case order (according to (Priority order) severity). The event recording sequence cannot be changed during postmeasurement analysis. The order of event priority cannot be changed.
125 7.3 Event Settings Setting of event thresholds Upper settable threshold limit VOLTAGE Frequency (Example) Currently set threshold ON Make threshold settings Confirm Cancel Current measurement value Lower settable threshold limit Thresholds can be set while viewing the current measurement values. Events set are stored internally regardless of the event ON/ OFF setting. Event triggers are not effective until the event setting is set to ON.
126 7.3 Event Settings 7.3.2 Harmonics Event Setting Make the following settings in the SYSTEM screen. EVENT HARMONICS ❖Event ON/OFF settings and threshold settings (page 126) Event ON/OFF settings and threshold settings Set ON or OFF for each harmonic order. (ON: numeric value) The numeric value indicates the total number of harmonic orders set to ON.
127 7.4 Event List Display 7.4 Event List Display Displays events in a list. ❖ Correspondence between event settings and event category display (page 128) LIST ❖Displaying events (page 127) ❖Scrolling through the event list (page 128) ❖Scrolls the event details list. (page 128) Information that is recorded as the event includes the start time, stop time, the 3196 message, and event parameters set in the SYSTEM screen. A total of 100 events can be recorded.
128 7.4 Event List Display Scrolling through the event list Scrolls the event list up or down. Scrolls the event details list. Scroll the event details list up or down. See the specifications for details.
129 7.4 Event List Display About the event list sequence Time order Example: When 35 events have occurred No.1 Dip CH1 OUT ............ Indicates the event that occurred last. (Events ended with occurrence of a voltage dip. No.35 Priority order Start ........................... Indicates the event that occurred first. (Start event occurred. Example: When 100 or more events have occurred No.1 Dip CH1 OUT ............ Indicates the highest priority. (Events ended with occurrence of a voltage dip. No.
130 7.5 Analyzing Event Occurrences 7.5 Analyzing Event Occurrences Analyzing event occurrences LIST Select an event Event details Select an event to display a corresponding waveform analysis. Confirm Return to event list From the event details screen (the event waveform screen), you can switch to the other screens related to event occurrence (DF1[WAVE], DF2[VECTOR], DF3[DMM], and DF4[HARMONICS]) by pressing the DF key.
131 7.6 Analyzing Transient Waveforms 7.6 Analyzing Transient Waveforms Displaying transients LIST Select an event category from the event list or an event indicated with “Tran” in the detailed event list. Confirm (Display changes to the VIEW screen waveform display.
132 7.6 Analyzing Transient Waveforms Enlarging transient waveforms Changing the Y-axis range of waveforms SELECT T Select from pulldown menu 1kV/div, 600V/div, 300V/div, 150V/div, 60V/div, 30V/div Confirm To reduce the waveform, make the voltage value larger. To enlarge the waveform, make the voltage value smaller.
133 7.6 Analyzing Transient Waveforms Scrolling through transient waveforms SCROLL Scroll through the waveform Return to event list Scroll bar Waveform display range All recorded data (4 ms) The waveform display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the screen. When you scroll horizontally, you can check all the saved waveform. When you scroll vertically, you can change the offset position of the displayed waveform.
134 7.7 Event Monitor Display 7.7 Event Monitor Display MONITOR You can monitor all events to determine whether and how many occurred. If there are no events, 0 is displayed If there are events, they are indicated in when and a count shows the number of occurrences.
135 Using the External Control Terminals Chapter 8 You can enter events and output event occurrence times with the external control terminals. EVENT IN GND EVENT OUT GND Trigger input terminal HIOKI MEMORY HiCORDER Anomaly search device Event input terminal (EVENT IN) Event output terminal (EVENT OUT) Synchronized with an external device, analyzes anomalies.
136 8.1 Connecting to the External Control Terminal 8.1 Connecting to the External Control Terminal To avoid electric shocks, use the specified material only. Connecting to the external control terminals Electric wires that conform with: single line φ1.0 mm (AWG 18) or twisted line 0.75 mm2 Supported electric wires: single wire φ0.4 to 1.0 mm (AWG 26 to 18) twisted wire 0.3 to 0.75 mm2 (AWG 22 to 20) diameter of search wire: more than φ0.
137 8.2 Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN) 8.2 Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN) By inputting a signal to the event input terminal externally, you can make the 3196 determine that an external event has occurred when that event was input. Similar to other events, you can record the voltage and current waveforms, and the measurement values of external events. Using this device, you can analyze power anomalies that occur in other electrical equipment.
138 8.3 Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT) 8.3 Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT) This indicates events occurring externally that were synchronized with events occurring internally for this device. Usage method 1. Connect a warning device. This is a good way to output warnings when events such an instantaneous interruptions occur. Usage method 2. Connect to the trigger input terminal of a MEMORY HiCORDER. This allows you to record waveforms on the MEMORY HiCORDER when events occur on the 3196.
139 Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data Chapter 9 3196 Internal memory PC card Card type: Flash ATA types I and II Slot: TYPE II x 1 standard Format: MS-DOS format Memory: must support up to 528 MB ●: Possible/ ×: Not possible Using the internal memory Using a PC card Saving and loading data ❖(page 140) ❖(page 141) Saving setting conditions Loading setting conditions Saving measured data ● (up to 10 files) ● × Loading measured data × Saving screen data × ● ● ● (binary format/text
140 9.1 Using the Internal Memory 9.1 Using the Internal Memory You can only save or load setting conditions in the internal memory. Save setting conditions MEMORY Select which number (No.) to save SAVE The setting conditions currently set on the 3196 are saved.
141 9.2 Using a PC Card 9.2 Using a PC Card 9.2.1 Selecting a PC Card Use only PC Cards sold by HIOKI. Compatibility and performance are not guaranteed for PC cards made by other manufacturers. You may be unable to read from or save data to such cards. • Make sure that you format your PC card before using it. (Format the PC card using this device or the PC.) • When formatting a PC card on a PC, use the FAT-16 format. Formatting a card in FAT-32 format may result in incompatibility problems.
142 9.2 Using a PC Card 9.2.2 Inserting and Removing the PC Card • Trying to force the PC card upside down or to insert the wrong end into the PC card slot, you can damage the PC card and/or this device. • When you are not using a PC card, keep the cover closed. • While the PC card is in use, is displayed on the upper left of this device. Do not remove the PC card from the device while this mark is present. Doing so can damage the data on the PC card.
143 9.2 Using a PC Card 9.2.3 File Types Three types of data can be saved to PC cards, including settings, measured data (binary and text format), and screen copy files. ●: Possible/ ×: Not possible File and Format Setting Files Directory name File name __________ ########.SET SAVE B+Date+No.*8 3196SET.SET Measurement Data Files Binary format Text format [SYSTEM]DF4[PC-CARD] LOAD Opening files on a PC ● ● ● ● × × Time-series data *4 96INTVL.ITV ● ● × Event data *1, *3 96EVT000.
144 9.2 Using a PC Card Binary format file capacity Time-series data Indicates the capacity of a time-series data file (.ITV) that can be saved at one interval. MAX/MIN/AVE AVE Power 720 bytes 264 bytes P&Harm 10320 bytes 3464 bytes ALL DATA 15216 bytes 5096 bytes The capacity of data attached to one file is 128 bytes.
145 9.2 Using a PC Card 9.2.
146 9.
147 9.2 Using a PC Card Manual saving of the settings files You can save or delete settings files when the operation status is [SETTING] or [ANALYZING]. PC-CARD SAVE SETUP FILE For [ANALYZING] only (Does not need to be selected for [SETTING].) Inputs the file name The setting conditions currently set on the 3196 are saved.
148 9.2 Using a PC Card Manual saving of the measured data files 2 (Text format: time-series/ event list/ flicker data) You can save files when the operation status is [ANALYZING]. PC-CARD SAVE TEXT Select If you want to change or confirm the files that have been saved, make settings in the text item selection screen. In [SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING], the item selected for the AutoSave setting is the same as the item selected to be saved in the TEXT setting.
149 9.2 Using a PC Card The following table lists the items saved by settings (ON) made on the [Text Select] screen.
150 9.2 Using a PC Card Manual saving of the measured data files 3 (Text format: event waveform data) You can save files when the operation status is [ANALYZING]. LIST Select No. Waveforms that can be saved differ depending on the connection method setting. (Wiring method) 1P2W ............ U1, I1 1P3W ............ U1, U2, I1, I2 3P3W2M ....... U1, U2, I1, I2 3P3W3M ....... U1 to U3, I1 to I3 3P4W ............ U1 to U3, I1 to I3 4ch:AC/DC....
151 9.2 Using a PC Card When the memory is full When the memory is full: STOP Measurement starts Internal memory capacity Internal memory Recorded data PC card Recorded data Measurement forcibly ends PC card capacity When the memory is full: LOOP Current time Internal memory capacity Measurement starts Old data is deleted Recorded data Internal memory PC card Measurement stops Measurement is stopped forcibly after one month of measurement.
152 9.2 Using a PC Card Auto-save measured data file (text format) settings Measured data files are saved to the PC card with the internal memory automatically. RECORDING 1. Set the interval. (page 84) 1, 3, 15, or 30 sec, 1, 5, 10, or 30 min, 1/2 hour 2. Set the auto-save format. TEXT Interval Auto Save Select from pulldown menu SELECT Select the item to be saved. OFF ON Select the item to be saved. The item currently selected appears to the right of the auto-save settings.
153 9.2 Using a PC Card Screen hard copies (auto-copy) Measured data files are saved to the PC card with the internal memory automatically. HARDWARE RS-232C Auto Copy Select from pulldown menu 1. Set the RS connection point. OFF or MODEM 2. Set to AUTO copy. ON 3. Set the interval. 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hour Files are automatically copied to the PC card when the internal operation status becomes [RECORDING]. Display the screen that you want to hard copy.
154 9.
155 10.1 Setting the Printer Using a Printer Chapter 10 Using the device’s RS-232C interface, you can create hard copies of the 3196 screen with the 9670 PRINTER. For details about the printer and printer connection methods, Refer to the Quick Start Guide. 10.1 Setting the Printer Setting the RS-232C connection point on the printer HARDWARE RS-232C (RS connection point) Select from pulldown menu 1. Set the connection point to PRINTER. PRINTER 2. Set the appropriate baud rate.
156 10.2 Printing Hard Copies 10.2 Printing Hard Copies The two methods to create screen hard copies with the printer are to output them automatically at each set interval or to output them manually by pressing the HARD COPY key. Printing screen images automatically HARDWARE Auto Copy Select from pulldown menu 1. Turn on the AUTO copy function. ON 2. Set the output interval. 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hour 3. Set the connection point to PRINTER.
157 Chapter 11 Using the PC This device is equipped with an RS-232C and a LAN interface. This section describes how to use the device with a personal computer (hereafter, PC) and a modem. You can use the HTTP server function *1 installed on this device or “Down96” (CD-R) with all the connection methods outlined above.
158 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 1 The instrument can be connected by RS-232C cable to a modem for remote control and monitoring from a PC at another location using a public circuit or cellular phone.
159 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 11.1.1 Connecting a Modem Connecting method: Refer to the Quick Start Manual. When the modem is directly connected to a public circuit: Prepare the following: Modem for this instrument A computer modem capable of speeds of 28.8 kbps or more is recommended. A modem that connects to an RS-232C terminal (modems that connect to a USB port or PC card slot cannot be used).
160 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 11.1.2 Setting the 3196 Configuring connection on the instrument Connection point Baud rate Communication monitoring time HARDWARE RS-232C Select from pulldown menu Confirm 1. Set the connection point. MODEM When the connection point is set to MODEM, lights on the upper left of the screen. 2. Set the baud rate. 57600 bps and so on Cancel 3. Set the communication monitoring time that applies to modem connection.
161 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 11.1.3 Setting the PC Example Computer OS Modem Windows 98 When using the DFML-560E made by I-O Data Dial-up settings 1 Open [Dial-Up Networking]. Double-click [Dial-Up Networking] in [My Computer], and open [Make New Connection]. 2 Set the dial-up connection point. 1. 2. Type a name (example: [3196]) in the connection name entry box. For the modem setting, select the modem that is to be used.
162 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 7. Set the [Connection preferences] as shown on the left. * Normally, do not change [Call preferences] from the default setting. If you are having trouble connecting using an internal line, remove the [Wait for dial tone before dialing] checkmark and try again. 8. 9. 10. 3 Confirm that the settings are correct and press the [OK] button, then press the [Next] button in the original dialog box.
163 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface 11. Select the [Server Types] tab, and make settings as shown in the diagram. Select [TCP/IP] only. 12. Press the [TCP/IP Settings...] button. * Leave options on other sheets set to their default settings. 13. Once the [TCP/IP Settings] dialog box opens, make settings as shown in the diagram. * In [IP address], be careful not to set the same IP address as that set for the 3196.
164 11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface Connection to the instrument 1. 2. 3. Double-click the [3196] icon. Type [3196] in the user name entry box, and [PASSWD] in the password entry box. Check whether the telephone number for the instrument is correct, and press the [Connect] button. The [Connecting to 3196] dialog box opens. 4. Start up Internet Explorer, and enter the IP address that you set for the instrument (such as http://192.168.0.
165 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface 2 Connecting the 3196 to a hub using a LAN cable and controlling/ observing the 3196 from a PC 3196 3 10Base-T Straight cable Hub LAN Hub 10Base-T Straight cable Connecting the 3196 to a PC with a LAN cable and controlling/observing the 3196 3196 10Base-T Cross cable Procedure 1. 2. 3. Connect the instrument to a hub or computer with a LAN cable.
166 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface 11.2.1 Connecting the 3196 Connecting method: Refer to the Quick Start Manual. When connecting the instrument and computer through a hub: Prepare the following: Hub A commercially sold hub.
167 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface • The number displayed to the right of the “Net Mask” is the MAC Address. This is the same as on the MAC Address label on the back panel. • When you set the printer as the RS connection point, you can use the printer and LAN simultaneously. When you set the modem as the connection point, you cannot use the LAN. • When communicating with this device and a PC through a LAN, make the proper network settings on this device.
168 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface IP address assignment Because each device must have a unique address, IP addresses are monitored by the RIR (Regional Internet Registry). Usually, an ISP (internet service provider) is entrusted with the assignment of IP addresses to businesses, alleviating users of that ISP from any problems. Otherwise, certain IP addresses can be used freely within a distinct, closed network, as defined by RFC1597, as follows: 10.0.0.0/8 10. 0. 0. 0 to 10.255.255.
169 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface Example of a network environment structure Example 1: Connecting the 3196 to an existing network When you connect the 3196 to an existing network, the system administrator must make the settings beforehand. Make sure that the settings are unique to this device. Note the following settings assigned by your system administrator. IP address Subnet mask ___.___.___.___ ___.___.___.
170 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface 11.2.3 Setting the PC Example Computer OS Windows 98 When connecting the instrument and computer directly: Confirm the properties for Internet protocol (TCP/IP). 1. 2. Move the cursor over [Network Neighborhood] and right-click the mouse to open the local area connection properties. Select [TCP/IP], and press the [Properties] button.
171 11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface 3. Confirm the IP address and subnet mask for the computer you are using. Do not check the [Obtain an IP address automatically] option. To set the instrument’s IP address, change the final numerical value only for the computer’s IP address. To set the instrument’s subnet mask, set the same value as the computer’s subnet mask. Example: PC IP address: 192.168.0.2 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 3196 IP address: 192.168.0.1 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.
172 11.3 HTTP Server Function 11.3 HTTP Server Function 11.3.1 Overview The HTTP server function allows you to use any Internet browser, such as Internet Explorer, without having to install dedicated software on the PC to make settings for the 3196, acquire data, or observe screens. You can use the following functions. However, functions other than the remote control application function are supported by version 1.02 or later of this instrument.
173 11.3 HTTP Server Function 11.3.2 Setting the HTTP Server Function Main Page Start up Internet Explorer, and enter the IP address that you set for the instrument (example: http://192.168.0.1/) in the address column, then press the Enter key. When a normal connection is established, the Main page for the instrument’s HTTP server function opens. To shift between the various screens, click the mouse as you would on a normal homepage.
174 11.3 HTTP Server Function Event Detailed Screen Just like the instrument, this screen displays a list of representational event categories and simultaneously occurring events. You can also display waveforms, vectors, and harmonics for event occurrence by selecting a graph. The Internet browser displays the same screen as the instrument’s analysis screen when an event occurrence is moved from the event list screen using the ENTER key.
175 11.3 HTTP Server Function Event Harmonic Bar Graph Screen You can select the display channel, numeric display, and order number. Creating Reports You can select the display channel, numeric display, and order number. When using Internet Explorer as the Internet browser in the event details screen, you can create reports using MS-Word. When the Internet Explorer HTML editor is set to Word: Displays the HTTP server function’s event list screen.
176 11.3 HTTP Server Function System Setting Screen Options can be selected in [SYSTEM] – [MAIN]. The event settings can be made. However, interface settings, text save option selections, and event settings cannot be made. Click setting items on the left side of the screen to display them on the right. Start and finish measurement screen This screen allows you to start and stop measurement, and execute the data reset control for the instrument. You can also display the current measurement status.
177 12.1 Product Specifications Specifications Chapter 12 12.1 Product Specifications The specifications below apply to the 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER. For the product specifications of the EN50160, see the Instruction Manual for EN50160. Environmental and Safety Specifications Operating environment Indoors, altitude up to 2000 m (6562-ft.
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179 12.1 Product Specifications Basic Specifications Continuous battery operation time Approx. 30 minutes with the 9459 BATTERY PACK (fully charged, 23°C, 73°F) Dimensions Approx. 298W x 215H x 67D mm (not including protrusions) (11.73"W x 8.46"H x 2.64"D) Mass Approx. 2.0 kg (70.5 oz) (without the battery pack), (mass of battery pack: approx. 250 g (8.
180 12.1 Product Specifications Accessories and Options Accessories 9438-02 VOLTAGE CORD 1 set: 8 cords (red, yellow, blue, and gray (one each), and 4 black cords) 9458 AC ADAPTER ......1 (The power cord can be selected in country specifications.) 9459 BATTERY PACK (NiMH, 7.2 V/2700 mAh) Strap..............................1 Quick Start Manual........1 (booklet) Instruction Manual for EN50160....1 (booklet) CD-R .............................
181 12.2 Measurement Specifications 12.
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183 12.2 Measurement Specifications Conditions of Guaranteed Accuracy Conditions of Guaranteed Accuracy After 30 min warm-up, however, when measuring AC voltage; sine-wave input, PF=1, synchronized PLL Temperature and humidity for guaranteed accuracy 23°C±5°C(73°F±9°F), 80% RH or less (applies to all specifications unless otherwise noted) Guaranteed accuracy period 6 months Fundamental waveform range for guaranteed accuracy 42.
184 12.2 Measurement Specifications RMS Current Item The RMS current value for each channel or the AVE (average) RMS current value for multiple channels (For details, see the formula.(page 198)) Measurement range CH1 to 4 When using a 0.1 mV/A sensor..................... 500.00A/5000.0 A rms When using a 1 mV/A sensor, 9661.............. 50.000A/500.00 A rms When using a 1 mV/A sensor, 9660.............. 50.000A/100.00 A rms When using a 10 mV/A sensor, 9694............ 5.0000A/50.
185 12.2 Measurement Specifications Voltage Dip Threshold and hysteresis % of basic voltage Voltage dip depth dip to (threshold)% When the RMS voltage (value calculated for one waveform shifted over half a wave) exceeds the threshold in the wrong direction, the swell is detected and the threshold depth displayed. Voltage dip interval The interval from time the dip is detected until the threshold minus the hysteresis is exceeded in the right direction.
186 12.2 Measurement Specifications Active Power Measurement method Waveform consists of 256 points/cycle, measured every 12 or 10 cycles at 50 or 60 Hz, respectively (approx. 200 ms) Calculated by averaging sampled voltage and current waveform data Display items Active power of each channel and its sum for multiple channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 198)) Measurement range Depends on the voltage × current range combination. (See the power range configuration table (page 190).
187 12.2 Measurement Specifications Displacement Power Factor Measurement method Calculated from the phase difference between the fundamental voltage wave and the fundamental current wave. Display item Displacement power factor of each channel and its sum value for multiple channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 200)) Measurement range -1.000 (lead) to 0.000 to +1.000 (lag) Measurement accuracy ±0.5% rdg. ±0.2% f.s. ±1 dgt. (sum value is ±3 dgt.
188 12.2 Measurement Specifications IEC Flicker: short interval flicker value Pst and long interval flicker value Plt Measurement method Per IEC61000-4-15. Pst is calculated after 10 minutes of continuous measurement and Plt after 2 hours of continuous measurement. Flicker range Uses logarithms to divides 0.0001 to 10000 P.U. into 1024. Measurement accuracy Pst: ±5% rdg.
189 12.2 Measurement Specifications Harmonic Voltage/Current Phase Angle (including fundamental wave components) Measurement method After harmonic analysis, the harmonic phase angle components for whole orders are displayed. (Set the phase angle for the PLL source of the fundamental wave to 0°.
190 12.2 Measurement Specifications Power Range Configuration Tables When using a 0.1 mV/A (5000A) sensor When using a 1 mV/A (500A) sensor or 9661 sensor Current range 500.00 A Voltage range 5000.0 A Current range 50.000 A Voltage range 500.00 A 150.00 V 75.000 k 750.00 k 150.00 V 7.5000 k 75.000 k 300.00 V 150.00 k 1.5000 M 300.00 V 15.000 k 150.00 k 600.00 V 300.00 k 3.0000 M 600.00 V 30.000 k 300.
191 12.3 Setting Functions 12.3 Setting Functions System Settings CH1, 2, 3 CH4 Measured line 1P2W, 1P3W, 3P3W2M, 3P3W3M, 3P4W AC, DC, and OFF Clamp sensor ratings 0.1 mV/A, 1 mV/A, 10 mV/A, 100 mV/A Same as CH1, CH2, and CH3. Voltage range 150 V, 300 V, 600 V For AC: 60 V, 150 V, 300 V, 600 V For DC: 60 V, 600 V PT ratio 1, 60, 100, 200, 300, 600, 700, 1000, 2000, 2500, 5000, VARIABLE (0.01 to 9999.99) Same as CH1, CH2, and CH3. Current range When using a 0.
192 12.3 Setting Functions Hardware Settings Display language English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese Beep ON/ OFF Screen colors COLOR 1 to 4, MONO LCD backlight ON/ Auto OFF (I m, 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 1 h) Real-time settings Year/month/day/hour/minute System reset You can reset the unit to its defaults with the system's reset procedure. (This does not reset the display language, clock, IP address, or subnet mask.
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195 12.3 Setting Functions Other Functions Warning functions Incorrect connection check Connection diagram screen: Check that the connection and clamp sensor are not reversed. Connection check screen: Check the phase order. Out of range When the input exceeds the range by 130%, displays ---.---. Out of crest factor When the input peak value of the waveform is 3 times the voltage range or 4 times the current range, displays Out of crest factor.
196 12.4 Formulae 12.
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198 12.4 Formulae RMS current I (A rms) Single-phase 2-wire 1P2W Single-phase 3-wire 1P3W Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W2M Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W3M Three-phase 4-wire 3P4W I1 I4 I1 I2 I1 I2 I4 I4 I1 I2 I3 I4 I1 I2 I3 I4 M–1 1 2 Ic= ----- ∑ (Ics) M S=0 1 Iave=---(I1+I2) 2 1 Iave=---(I1+I2) 2 1 Iave=---(I1+I2+I3) 3 1 Iave=---(I1+I2+I3) 3 • Calculate RMS current about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz and every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single wave (256 points).
199 12.4 Formulae Reactive power Q (var) Single-phase 2-wire 1P2W Single-phase 3-wire 1P3W Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W2M Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W3M Three-phase 4-wire 3P4W Q1 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q1 Q2 Q3 Qsum=Q1+Q2 Qsum=Q1+Q2 Qsum=Q1+Q2+Q3 Qsum=Q1+Q2+Q3 2 2 Qc=sic Sc –Pc • The polarity symbol sic for reactive power Q indicates a LAG or LEAD in polarity; no symbol indicates a LAG, while the “-” symbol indicates a LEAD.
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202 12.4 Formulae Inter-harmonic voltage Uk (V rms) Single-phase 2-wire 1P2W Single-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 4-wire 1P3W 3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W U1k U4k U1k U2k U12k U32k U4k U4k 2 U′ck= (Uckr) +(Ucki) 2 U12k U23k U31k U4k U1k U2k U3k U4k 2 U′ Uck= ∑ 10k+n- c-------------10 n=–3 3 • Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of harmonic RMS voltage at 2048 points (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
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207 12.4 Formulae Voltage flicker ∆V10 (V) Single-phase 2-wire 1P2W Single-phase 3-wire 1P3W Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 4-wire 3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W ∆V10(1) ∆V10(1) ∆V10(2) ∆V10(12) ∆V10(32) ∆V10(c)=100 --------Uf ∑(an×∆Un) 2 ∆V10(12) ∆V10(23) ∆V10(31) ∆V10(1) ∆V10(2) ∆V10(3) • Ur is the basic voltage for the change in voltage and Uf is the basic voltage for the voltage flicker, and they both operate automatically.
208 12.4 Formulae Short interval voltage flicker Pst Single-phase 2-wire 1P2W Single-phase 3-wire 1P3W Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W2M Three-phase 3-wire 3P3W3M Three-phase 4-wire 3P4W Pst1 Pstc= K1P0.1+K2P1s+K3P3s+K4P10s+K5P50s Pst1 Pst2 Pst1 Pst2 Pst1 Pst2 Pst3 Pst1 Pst2 Pst3 • Indicates the following values: K1=0.0314, K2=0.0525, K3=0.0657, K4=0.28, K5=0.08. • The cumulative probability function (CPF) is in the 1024 class.
209 Appendix Appendix Measurement Range and Nominal Voltage The voltage and current ranges of this unit are as follows. This unit is not equipped with an automatic range selection function, therefore you must select the operation ranges. Voltage range CH 1 to 3 CH 4 (AC) CH 4 (DC) 0.1 mV/A 1 mV/A (9661) 1 mV/A (9660) 10 mV/A (9694) 100 mV/A 5000 A 9667 500 A 9667 1000 A 9669 Current range 150 V, 300 V, 600 V 60 V, 150 V, 300 V, 600 V 60 V, 600 V 500 A, 5000 A 50 A, 500 A 50 A, 100 A 5 A, 50 A 0.
210 Appendix Current range 5500A 5000 A 5000Aレンジ Effective measurement range 有効測定範囲 7.5A 50A 5000A 6500A 550A Effective measurement 有効測定範囲 range 500Aレンジ 500 A 0.75A 500A 650A 5A １A 10A 100A 1000A 10000A 110A Effective measurement range 有効測定範囲 100Aレンジ 100 A 150mA 50Aレンジ 50 A 100A 130A 55A 1A Effective measurement range 有効測定範囲 75mA １0mA 50A 65A 500mA 100mA 1A 10A 100A 5.5A Effective measurement range 有効測定範囲 5Aレンジ 5A 7.5mA 50mA 5A 550mA 6.
211 Appendix TIME PLOT Recording Method TIME PLOT screen ---- RMS, HARMONICS SYSTEM_DF2[MAIN]_[RECORDING] Interval setting period 200 ms (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12 waveforms) RMS value 1 RMS value 2 RMS value 3 RMS value N MAX RMS value AVE RMS value MIN RMS value Recording Recording ex.
212 Appendix Event Waveform Recording Method TIME PLOT screen ---- RMS, HARMONICS (Event setting -power and harmonics) SYSTEM_DF2[MAIN]_[RECORDING] Interval setting period 200 ms (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12 waveforms) RMS calculation EVENT occur RMS calculation RMS calculation Event waveform recording period 50 Hz: 14 waveforms 60 Hz: 16 waveforms Displayed as event waveforms are 200 ms to which are added the two preceding waveforms and the following two waveforms.
213 Appendix Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in Power Quality Troubles due to drops in power quality: Interruptions in the reception transformer and malfunctions in the terminal control device • The light flickers. • Light bulbs burn out more quickly. • The OA device malfunctions. • Sometimes the device does not work correctly. • The reactor's condenser overheats. • Sometimes the electrical overload, reverse phase, or missing phase relays malfunction.
214 Appendix Terminology LAN LAN is the abbreviation of Local Area Network. The LAN was developed as a network for transferring data through a PC within a local area, such as an office, factory, or school. This device comes equipped with the LAN adapter Ethernet 10Base-T. 10Base-T is appointed by IEEE802 and has a data transfer speed of 10 Mbps. Use a twisted-pair cable to connect this device to the hub (central computer) of your LAN.
215 Appendix Out of crest factor The crest factor expresses the size of the dynamic range of input on the measurement device and can be defined with the following expression. Crest factor = crest value (peak value)/RMS value For example, when measuring a distorted wave with a small RMS and a large peak on a measurement device with a small crest factor, because the peak of the distorted wave exceeds the detection range of the input circuit, an RMS or harmonic measurement error occurs.
216 Appendix Harmonics phase angle and harmonic phase difference The harmonic voltage phase angle and harmonic current phase angle are the standard for the PLL source phase (for input based on PLL when U1, U2, or U3 is selected on this device) fundamental wave component. The differences in phase of each harmonic order component and the phase of the fundamental wave component is expressed as an angle (°) and - indicates a LAG, whereas + indicates a LEAD.
217 Appendix Unbalance factor If the phases of the three-phase alternating voltage (current) each have the same voltage and deviate from each other by 120 degrees, the voltage (current) is referred to as “balanced (symmetrical) threephase voltage (current).” If the voltages (currents) of the three phases differ or if the difference between each of the phases is not 120 degrees, the voltage (current) is referred to as “unbalanced (asymmetrical) three-phase voltage (current).
218 Appendix Unbalance factor of threephase current The current unbalance factor is several times larger than the voltage unbalance factor. The less a three-phase induction motor slips, the greater the difference between these two factors. Voltage unbalance causes such phenomena as current unbalance, an increase in temperature, an increase in input, a decline in efficiency, and an increase in vibration and noise.
219 Appendix Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition Remark: Each item is separated by a comma (,). ClassificaHeader tion Explanation Date and Time Date Date 2001/8/20 Time Time 8:12:00 Voltage fluctuation* Umax1,..,Umax3 Max. value of voltage fluctuation CH1 - CH3 Umin1,..,Umin3 Min. value of voltage fluctuation CH1 - CH3 RMS value fluctuation Maximum value MaxFreq Frequency MaxUrms1,...,MaxUrms4 RMS voltage value CH1 - CH4 MaxU+peak1,...
220 Appendix ClassificaHeader tion RMS value fluctuation Minimum value Explanation MinFreq Frequency MinUrms1,...,MinUrms4 RMS voltage value CH1 - CH4 MinU+peak1,...,MinU+peak4 Voltage waveform peak (+) CH1 - CH4 MinU-peak1,...,MinU-peak4 Voltage waveform peak (-) CH1 - CH4 MinIrms1,...,MinIrms4 RMS current value CH1 - CH4 MinI+peak1,...,MinI+peak4 Current waveform peak (+) CH1 - CH4 MinI-peak1,...
221 Appendix ClassificaHeader tion RMS value fluctuation Average value Explanation AveFreq Frequency AveUrms1,...,AveUrms4 RMS voltage value CH1 - CH4 AveU+peak1,...,AveU+peak4 Voltage waveform peak (+) CH1 - CH4 AveU-peak1,...,AveU-peak4 Voltage waveform peak (-) CH1 - CH4 AveIrms1,...,AveIrms4 RMS current value CH1 - CH4 AveI+peak1,...,AveI+peak4 Current waveform peak (+) CH1 - CH4 AveI-peak1,...
222 Appendix ∆V10 Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition Classification Header Explanation Example Date and Time Date Date 2001/11/02 Time Time 17:19:00 ∆V10 dv10 ∆V10 instantaneous value 0.081 max ∆V10 total maximum value 0.158 dv10max ∆V10 maximum value for one hour 0.000 dv10max4 ∆V10 fourth largest value for one 0.000 ∆V10 average value for one hour 0.
223 Appendix Text Event Data-format Composition Example No. 3: 2001/10/12 13:08:35.354, Dip CH1,OUT,0.24V,0:00:02.342 *8 ():number of characters Date ..................... 2000/8/22 .................................................. 10 Time (up to ms) .... 13:08:35.354 ............................................. 12 Event category Items................ .......... Number of characters Unbalance(U) .. Voltage unbalance factor . 12 Unbalance(I) .... Current unbalance factor . 12 Uharm..............
224 Appendix Contents of Automatic Setting of Events (thresholds) Default setting of ON/OFF Items Setting of levels The current measured values shall be used as the Only those lines used in reference values. All hystereses should be 1% of the set wire connection the levels (thresholds). The levels (thresholds) are ON; the remainder are as specified below. are OFF. CH4 is OFF when AC is set.
225 Appendix Default setting of ON/OFF Items Setting of levels The current measured values shall be used as the Only those lines used in reference values. All hystereses should be 1% of the set wire connection the levels (thresholds). The levels (thresholds) are ON; the remainder are as specified below. are OFF. CH4 is OFF when AC is set.
226 Appendix Event Recording Sequence (Priority Order) In sequence from higher event priority (prioritized in the sequence of items described) 1. Transient overvoltage (peak-wise sequence) 2. Instantaneous interruption, voltage dip, voltage swell 1. In sequence of OUT - IN 2. If the items are the same, the event that shows a deeper deepest value (maximum value) is given priority. 3. If the items and the deepest values (maximum values) are the same, the period-wise sequence is applied. 4.
227 Appendix Block Diagram (Analog)
228 Appendix Block Diagram (Digital)
HIOKI 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Instruction Manual Publication date: February 2003 Revised edition 5 Edited and published by HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION Technical Support Section All inquiries to International Sales and Marketing Department 81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano, 386-1192, Japan TEL: +81-268-28-0562 / FAX: +81-268-28-0568 E-mail: os-com@hioki.co.jp URL http://www.hioki.co.
HEAD OFFICE 81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano 386-1192, Japan TEL +81-268-28-0562 / FAX +81-268-28-0568 E-mail: os-com@hioki.co.jp / URL http://www.hioki.co.
