Instruction Manual HI 98703 Portable Turbidimeter w w w. h a n n a i n s t .
Dear Customer, Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product. This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of the instrument. Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument. If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com or see the back side of this manual for our worldwide sales and technical service contacts. This instrument is in compliance with directives.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Please examine this product carefully. Make sure the instrument is not damaged. If any damage has occurred during the shipment, please notify your dealer. This HI 98703 Portable Turbidimeter is supplied complete with: • Five Sample Cuvets and Caps • Calibration Cuvets (HI 98703-11) • Silicone Oil (HI 93703-58) • Tissue for wiping the cuvets • Five Tag holders with Tags (HI 920005) • Batteries (4 pcs.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION HI 98703 is a high accuracy EPA compliant portable turbidimeter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments. The HI 98703 meets and exceeds the requirements of the USEPA Method 180.1 for wastewater and Standard Method 2130 B for drinking water. The instrument is specially designed for water quality measurements, providing a reliable and accurate reading on low turbidity values.
TAG IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Hanna is the first manufacturer of turbidity instruments that has decided to add the unique T.I.S. - Tag Identification System to our Portable Turbidimeters, to meet the more restrictive needs of the users and fit all advantages of this system to the turbidity measurements and data management. The system is designed for scientific and industrial applications, or to prove during safety audits and inspections that samples have been truly taken on pre-established locations.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION Turbidity of the water is an optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted. The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity. The USEPA Method 180.
MEASUREMENT UNITS Many methods were used to measure turbidity over the years. The Jackson Candle Turbidimeter was used to measure turbidity as Jackson turbidity units (JTU). The Secchi Disk is commonly used to measure turbidity in lakes and other deep waters (mg/L SiO2). Both methods are visual and are not considered very accurate. To obtain more accurate readings a nephelometer should be used as a turbidity reading instrument.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Cuvet Lid. Close the cuvet lid prior to start a measurement. Cuvet Holder. Insert the cuvet into the holder with the cuvet mark matching the case mark. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments. Keypad. Splash proof resistant. Lamp connector. Connect the new lamp using a screwdriver during lamp changing procedure. Lamp. Replacable tungsten lamp. Battery Lid.
8) ON/OFF, press to turn the instrument ON/OFF. If no key is pressed for more than 15 minutes, the instrument automatically shuts off. 9) GLP , press to enter/exit GLP feature. In SETUP it is used to increase the set values. In Log Recall it is used to select a newer record (scroll up). 10) AVG , press to set the average reading mode ON/OFF. In SETUP it is used to decrease the set values. In Log Recall it is used to select an older record (scroll down). 11) CAL, press to enter/exit calibration.
DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1) Battery icon. When it is ON, it shows that the instrument works on battery. When blinking, the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced. 2) Wait icon. It is displayed when the instrument performs an internal checkup. 3) Lamp icon. The lamp icon is shown when the lamp is turned on. 4) Measurement icon. The icon shows the measuring scheme of the instrument. 5) Four digit main display. The main display shows the turbidity value after one measurement.
SPECIFICATIONS Range Range Selection Resolution Accuracy Repeatibility Stray Light Typical EMC Deviation Light Source Lamp Life Light Detector Method Display Standards Calibration LOG Memory Serial Interface Environment Power supply Auto Shut-off Dimensions Weight 0.00 to 9.99 NTU 10.0 to 99.9 NTU 100 to 1000 NTU Automatically 0.01 NTU from 0.00 to 9.99 NTU 0.1 NTU from 10.0 to 99.9 NTU 1 NTU from 100 to 1000 NTU ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU, whichever is greater < 0.
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT HI 98703 is a highly accurate turbidimeter. To meet the instrument performance and fully benefit of its properties it is very important that the analyst perform accurate, precise and repeatable readings using proper measurement techniques. Special care must be taken during sample preparation and handling. The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during measurement and calibration to ensure best accuracy.
CUVET OILING To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvets should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (< 1 NTU), otherwise scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings. The silicone oil has the same refractive index as the glass and will not alter the turbidity readings. It is important to apply only a thin layer of silicone oil.
In order to index a cuvet follow the next steps: • Fill the cuvet with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the line. • Clean and oil the cuvet as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. • Insert the cuvet into the instrument and press READ . Record the reading. • Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step until you read the lowest NTU value.
MATCHING MULTIPLE CUVETS Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvet. If it is not possible, the cuvet selection and matching must be performed before taking measurements. In order to match multiple cuvets follow the next steps: • Fill some cuvets with high quality water (<0.1 NTU) up to the line. • Clean and oil the cuvets as described before. • Turn the instrument ON. • Insert the first cuvet into the instrument and press READ . Record the reading.
• Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading. • Repeat the last step for the second cuvet until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvet. • Alternatively, keep READ pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvet until the displayed value matches the first cuvet. • Mark this position on the second cuvet with a water resistant pencil. • Follow the same procedure for all the necessary cuvets.
APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for vacuum degassing. Notes: • Pay attention that the vacuum equipment be clean and oil-free. • It is not recommended to apply vacuum to a viscous sample that contains volatile components.
HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change. Therefore, the heating procedure should be used with extreme care. The best way is to use a warm water bath and immerse the cuvet with sample into the bath.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE When taking any turbidity measurements several basic rules should be followed: • Use always cuvets without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings. • Cap always the cuvets to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument. • Close always the lid of the instrument during measurement. • Keep the lid of the instrument closed when it is not used to prevent dust or dirt entering. • Put always the instrument on a flat, rugged surface when taking measurements.
NORMAL MEASUREMENT This type of measurement can be used for regular measurements, when the sample is stable and normal accuracy is required. In normal measurement mode, the lamp is ON for a minimum period of time (about 7 seconds), saving the battery life. Normal measurement takes about 10 seconds. If normal measurement is selected, the “AVG” tag will not be displayed. • Press READ to start the measurement.
• Press READ to start the average reading mode. The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. When a new partial value is displayed, the cuvet icon and the measurement unit will blink shortly. When the measurement is ended, the final averaged result is displayed directly in NTU. RANGE AND UNITS HI 98703 automatically selects the correct range to display the results with the highest accuracy.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE HI 98703 has a powerful calibration function that compensates for lamp aging or changing. The calibration can be done using the suplied calibration solutions or user prepared standards. HI 98703 turbidimeter is supplied with 4 AMCO standards: <0.1 NTU, 15 NTU, 100 NTU and 750 NTU. The Hanna standards are specially designed for this instrument. The turbidity standards have a shelf life and should not be used after the expiration date. Alternatively, formazin standards can be used.
TWO-POINT CALIBRATION • Turn the instrument on by pressing ON/OFF. When the LCD displays dashes, the instrument is ready. • Enter calibration mode by pressing CAL. The display will show “CAL P.1” and no suggested value. This first point is used to check the optical system. • Place the <0.1 NTU standard cuvet into the holder and ensure that the cuvet mark is aligned with the sign on the instrument top. • Close the lid and press READ .
• At the end of the measurement, the third calibration point (100 NTU) is displayed on the primary LCD, “CAL P.3” on the secondary LCD, and “READ” tag will blink. • At this moment it is possible to exit calibration by pressing CAL. The instrument will memorize the two-point calibration data and will return to measurement mode. THREE-POINT CALIBRATION To perform a three-point calibration, continue the procedure with the following steps: • Remove the second standard cuvet.
• Close the lid and press READ . The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet, detectors and lamp will appear during measurement. • At the end of the measurement, the four-point calibration is completed and the instrument returns automatically to measurement mode. OUT CAL RANGE FUNCTION The instrument has an Out Cal Range function to prevent taking measurements in a range where the calibration does not assure the best results.
LOGGING HI 98703 has a log space for up to 200 records. With each measurement, the date, time and tag ID is stored. In this way, each record is fully characterized and can be easily analyzed when downloading data on the PC application (HI 92000). LOGGING The log function is active after a valid measurement is obtained (no errors). • To log a value, press LOG/CFM when the measurement result is displayed. The instrument asks to READ TAG for identification of the sampling location.
VIEW LOGGED DATA The stored records can be viewed at any moment by pressing RCL. To return to normal measurement mode, press RCL again . LOG SEARCHING The log records are stored in chronological order. The first displayed record is the last stored one. • Press UP or DOWN keys to scroll the log memory record by record. By keeping pressed the UP or DOWN keys, the scrolling speed will increase.
• Measurement date in YYYY.MM.DD format. • Measurement time in hh:mm format. • Delete the last record panel (only for last record). • Delete all records. DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values, the last record or all records have to be deleted. • To delete the last record, press SETUP/DEL while in delete last records panel. • The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, the last record is deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ instead of LOG/CFM.
• The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG/CFM is pressed, all records are deleted. To abort the delete function, press READ instead of LOG/CFM. • After all records are deleted, dashes are displayed for one second and the instrument returns to idle mode. GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) The GLP feature allows the user to view last calibration data. Also, the user calibration can be deleted. Press GLP to enter or exit GLP data consulting. Several functions are available when in GLP menu.
• Third calibration point (if available). • Fourth calibration point (if available). • Delete calibration panel. To delete calibration: • Press SETUP/DEL while in the delete calibration panel of the GLP. The user calibration will be deleted and the factory calibration will be restored. The instrument will enter automatically in idle mode.
SETUP Setup mode allows viewing and modifying the instrument parameters. The blinking “CAL” tag during setup mode suggest to press CAL for parameters editing. • To enter/exit SETUP, press SETUP/DEL. • To select the parameter to be edit, press UP or DOWN keys until the desired panel is displayed. SET EPA COMPLIANCE MODE When EPA compliance reading is ON, “EPA” message is displayed on the secondary LCD and the reported values are rounded to meet EPA reporting requirements.
• Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the beeper ON/OFF. • Press LOG/CFM to save the change. The new selected option will be displayed on the LCD. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. SHOW / HIDE THE TIME You can choose between showing or hiding the current hour and minutes on the LCD. • To set hiding or showing the time, press CAL when show/hide time panel is displayed. The time show status and “CFM” tag will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set lcd / hide for time.
• Press LOG/CFM or READ to start editing the month value. The month value will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the month value. • Press LOG/CFM or READ to start editing the day value. The day value will start blinking. • Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the day value. Note: To edit the year again, after the day was set, press READ . • Press LOG/CFM to save the new date. The new date will be displayed on the LCD. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes.
• Press LOG/CFM to save the new time. The new set time will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. SET INSTRUMENT ID The instrument ID is a four digit number that can be edited by the user. The instrument ID is downloaded on the PC application, together with the logged data. By setting a different ID for each instrument it is possible to mix information from many turbidimeters into the same database.
• Press the UP or DOWN keys to select the new baud rate value. • Press LOG/CFM to save the change. The new selected baud rate will be displayed. Alternatively, press CAL to exit without saving the changes. LCD BACKLIGHT The LCD can be illuminated to allow the user to see the readings even in dark environments. To turn ON or OFF the backlight, press LIGHT. The backlight will automatically shut-off after 25 seconds of non-use to save the battery life.
LAMP REPLACEMENT The instrument tungsten lamp has a life longer than 100,000 measurements. In case of lamp failure, the defective lamp can be easily replaced. When the lamp is broken, the instrument displays “no L” error message. To replace the lamp follow the next steps: • Remove the battery lid. • Unscrew the lamp connection using a screwdriver. • Unlock the lamp and extract it by pulling it out from the lamp holder handler. • Place the new lamp in the right position and push it until is securely locked.
BATTERIES REPLACEMENT To replace the batteries follow the next steps: • Press ON/OFF to turn OFF the instrument. • Open the batteries cover by pressing the locking clip. • Take out the used batteries and insert 4 new 1.5 AA size batteries, while paying attention to the correct polarity as indicated on the battery compartment. • Replace the cover and press it until it locks. • Turn the instrument ON. Warning: Replace batteries only in a non-hazardous area.
PC INTERFACE To fully use the instrument tag identification system function, the measured data has to be downloaded to a computer. The instrument can use RS232 or USB connection to communicate with the PC. When using the RS232 protocol, simply connect a HI 920011 serial cable between the instrument and the computer. To use the USB protocol, simply connect a regular USB cable between instrument and PC. In both cases, the PC must run the HI 92000 application for successful data transfer.
ACCESSORIES HI 93703-60 HI 710005 HI 710006 HI 710012 HI 710013 HI 710014 HI 731318 HI 731331 HI 740027P HI 740231 HI 92000 HI 920005 HI 920011 HI 93703-50 HI 98703-58 Caps for cuvets (4 pcs) Voltage adapter from 115V to 12 VDC (USA plug) Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 VDC (European plug) Voltage adapter from 240V to 12 VDC (UK plug) Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 VDC (South Africa plug) Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 VDC (Australia plug) Tissue for wiping cuvets (4 pcs) Glass cuvets (4 pcs) 1.
SALES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE CONTACTS Australia: Tel. (03) 9769.0666 • Fax (03) 9769.0699 China: Tel. (10) 88570068 • Fax (10) 88570060 Egypt: Tel. & Fax (02) 2758.683 Germany: Tel. (07851) 9129-0 • Fax (07851) 9129-99 Greece: Tel. (210) 823.5192 • Fax (210) 884.0210 Indonesia: Tel. (21) 4584.2941 • Fax (21) 4584.2942 Japan: Tel. (03) 3258.9565 • Fax (03) 3258.9567 Korea: Tel. (02) 2278.5147 • Fax (02) 2264.1729 Malaysia: Tel. (603) 5638.9940 • Fax (603) 5638.9829 Singapore: Tel. 6296.
