DOC022.52.
Table of Contents Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................................................5 General information .....................................................................................................................................................................6 Safety information ...........................................................................................
Table of Contents Clean the sample cell ...............................................................................................................................................................18 Indexing a single sample cell ....................................................................................................................................................19 Matching sample cells ...........................................................................................................
Table of Contents Using a manual flow cell ....................................................................................................................................................35 Using an automated flow cell .............................................................................................................................................35 Measurement notes ...............................................................................................................................
Table of Contents Delete all the ASC data points ..................................................................................................................................................48 Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................................................48 Clean the instrument .................................................................................................
Specifications Specification Details Specifications are subject to change without notice. Accuracy1, 2, 3, 4 Ratio on: ±2% of reading plus 0.01 NTU from 0– 1000 NTU, ±5% of reading from 1000–4000 NTU, ±10% of reading from 4000–10,000 NTU Specification Details Measurement method Nephelometric Ratio off: ±2% of reading plus 0.01 NTU from 0– 40 NTU Regulatory Meets EPA Method 180.1 Absorbance: ±0.
Specification Details Operating conditions Temperature: 0 to 40 °C (32 to 104 °F) Relative humidity: 0–90% at 25 °C, 0–75% at 40 °C, noncondensing Altitude: 2000 m (6560 ft) maximum Indoor use only Storage conditions –40 to 60 °C (–40 to 140 °F), instrument only Printer Built-in (thermal, 58-mm, up to 28 column) Interface RS232C serial interface by way of DB9 subminiature Dshell connector for data output to computer or printer, and data input (command). No handshaking.
CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may result in minor or moderate injury. NOTICE Indicates a situation which, if not avoided, may cause damage to the instrument. Information that requires special emphasis. Precautionary labels Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument could occur if not observed. A symbol, if noted on the instrument, will be included with a danger or caution statement in the manual.
In addition, two user-defined measurement units can be specified. Refer to Application specific methods on page 45. The application specific mode of operation uses the nephelometric optical system and the NTU measurement mode. The turbidimeter has a built-in printer and an RS232 output for connection to a printer, data logger or computer and a recorder output. The turbidimeter contains a real-time clock with battery.
Installation Figure 3 Instrument components DANGER Multiple hazards. Only qualified personnel must conduct the tasks described in this section of the document. Put paper in the printer NOTICE Use only the provided thermal paper. Use of other thermal paper may cause poor print quality and decrease the life of the print-head. Notes: • Do not rub the thermal paper with a hard object. • Do not use chemical paste on thermal paper.
User interface Table 1 Key descriptions (continued) Key Figure 4 Keypad Description Starts the changing of the sample number shown on the mode display. Selects automatic or manual ranging. Selects the unit of measure. Exits Calibration or Setup mode without saving changes. Turns Ratio on or off. Turns on or off the Flow mode of operation. Used only with the automated flow cell.
Table 2 Light descriptions Figure 5 Indicator lights Light Description Illuminated when the instrument light source is on. Flashes when there is not sufficient light for measurement. CAL? "CAL?" is shown during a calibration if the calibration data is not within the acceptable range. Flashes when the instrument should be calibrated. Note: The CAL? light applies when the USEPA filter and a 25-mm sample cell are used.
Startup 2. Use the arrow keys to select an option: Turn the instrument on Option Description 05 Sets the hours and minutes (HH-MM). 1. Put the instrument on a stable, level surface that is free of vibration. Do not put in direct sunlight. 2. Make sure that there is air circulation around the instrument. Keep the back and area below the instrument free of material that could decrease air flow through the vents. 3. Connect the power cord to the power plug on the back of the instrument. 4.
calibrations. The manufacturer cannot guarantee the performance of the instrument if calibrated with co-polymer styrenedivinylbenzene beads or other suspensions. Prepare the StablCal standards When received and at intervals: 1. Clean the exterior surface of the StablCal vials with laboratory glass cleaning detergent. 2. Rinse the vials with distilled or deionized water. 3. Dry the vials with a lint-free cloth. Note: Never shake or invert the < 0.1 NTU standard.
StablCal calibration procedure 1. Remove the filter assembly. Refer to Change the filter assembly on page 48. 2. Clean the lens of the USEPA filter assembly. Refer to Clean the filter assembly on page 48. 3. Hold the tab of the USEPA filter assembly so that the arrows point toward the front of the instrument. Push the filter assembly fully in the housing. 4. Push CAL/Zero. 7. Use the oiling cloth to apply the oil equally to the surface of the vial. Remove the excess oil.
StablCal standards storage • Do not move a StablCal standard to a different container for storage. Keep StablCal standards in the plastic case provided with the cover closed. • Store at 5 to 25 °C (41 to 77 °F). • For long-term storage (more than one month between use), keep at 5 °C (41 °F). Using Gelex secondary standards instrument due to small differences in glass and instrument optical systems. • Do not keep a Gelex vial in the instrument for more time than is necessary to complete measurement.
7. Push RATIO to turn Ratio mode on. 8. Put the stray light standard in the sample cell holder with the triangle on the vial aligned with the reference mark on the sample cell holder. Close the cover. 9. Read the value when stable. Remove the vial from the instrument. 10. Record the value on the white diamond space on the vial using a permanent marker.
7. Push RATIO to select Ratio on or off. Ratio must be on for Gelex standards greater than 40 NTU. For the 0–2 and 0– 20 NTU Gelex standards, select the Ratio function that the instrument will operate in. 8. Put the 0–2 NTU Gelex vial in the sample cell holder with the triangle on the vial aligned with the reference mark on the sample cell holder. Close the cover. 9. Read the value when stable. Remove the vial from the instrument. 10.
Clean the sample cell CAUTION Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of the personal protective equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for safety protocols. NOTICE Do not air dry the sample cells. Always store the sample cells with caps on to prevent the cells from drying. For storage, fill the sample cell with distilled or demineralized water. 1.
Indexing a single sample cell When measuring very low turbidity samples, use a single indexed sample cell or a flow cell for all measurements to get precise and repeatable measurements. As an alternative, optically matched sample cells can be used. Refer to Matching sample cells on page 21. Matched sample cells do not provide as good of accuracy and precision as a single indexed sample cell that is used for every measurement or a flow cell. 1.
7. Repeat step 6 until the lowest value is shown on the display. 20 English 8. Put an orientation mark on the marking band near the top of the sample cell where the lowest value is shown.
Matching sample cells To decrease the effects that optical differences among sample cells can have on turbidity, transmittance, color or absorbance measurements, measure samples in matched sample cells. It may not be possible to match all sample cells due to the differences in glass. 1. Rinse two or more clean, empty sample cells two times with dilution water and drain to waste. Fill the sample cells to the line (about 30 mL) with filtered dilution water and immediately put the cap on the sample cell.
7. Repeat step 6 until the lowest value is shown on the display. 8. Record the value. Put an orientation mark on the marking band near the top of the sample cell. 9. Put the second sample cell in the sample cell holder. Close the cover. Record the value when stable. 10. Remove the sample cell, turn it about 1/8 of a turn and put it in the sample cell holder again. Close the cover. Record the value when stable. 13. Do steps 9– 12 again as necessary to match the other sample cells prepared in steps 1–4.
Prepare dilution water Dilution water is used when indexing a sample cell or matching sample cells and to prepare formazin standards. 1. Collect at least 1000 mL of high-quality, low-turbidity water (i.e., distilled, demineralized or deionized water or filtered tap water). 2. Measure the turbidity of the water using the turbidimeter. Refer to Turbidity measurement on page 25. 3. If the turbidity of the water is greater than 0.5 NTU, filter the water using the sample filtration and degassing kit.
2. Put 1/2 to 2/3 of the sample cell into the ultrasonic bath and let it stand until visible bubbles are removed. 3. Remove the sample cell from the ultrasonic bath and put the cap on. 4. Fully dry the sample cell. Apply heat CAUTION Make sure that the cap on the sample cell is loose. Increasing the temperature of a tightly-capped sample cell may cause an explosion. More caution should be taken when increasing the temperature of volatile compounds. If possible, do not use heat to accelerate degassing.
Example: Measured value = 2450 NTU Actual turbidity = 2450 × 5 = 12,250 NTU Measurement notes Figure 6 Prepare filtered sample using membrane or glass-fiber filter Proper measurement techniques are important in minimizing the effects of instrument variation, stray light and air bubbles. For accurate and repeatable measurements: Instrument • Make sure that the instrument is on a level, stationary surface that is free of vibration during the measurement.
Measurement • Measure samples immediately to prevent temperature changes and settling. Before a measurement is taken, always make sure that the sample is homogeneous throughout. • Avoid sample dilution when possible. • Avoid instrument operation in direct sunlight. Turbidity measurement procedure 1. Rinse a clean, empty sample cell two times with the solution to be measured and drain to waste. Fill to the line (about 30 mL) with sample and immediately put the cap on the sample cell. 26 English 2.
7. Read and record the value when stable. Note: To print or send (via RS232) a measurement record, push PRINT. Absorbance and transmittance measurement Measurement notes For the best accuracy and reproducibility: • Set the zero reference point before measurement. Set the zero reference point again when a measurement is not taken for several hours as shown in Absorbance and transmittance measurement procedure on page 28. • Color, transmittance and absorbance measurements use the same zero reference point.
Absorbance and transmittance measurement procedure Note: To measure samples with negative absorbance, set the analytical zero using the sample with the greatest absorbance, and measure the sample with the least absorbance. Report the reading as negative absorbance. 1. Put a clean filter assembly in the instrument. Refer to Change the filter assembly on page 48. Note: The minimum wavelength for absorbance and transmittance measurement is 420 nm. 28 English 2.
7. Slowly put 250 mL of the sample in the inlet reservoir. 8. After the sample flow stops and the display stabilizes, read and record the value. Note: To print or send (via RS232) a measurement record, push PRINT. Color measurement Measurement notes For the best accuracy and reproducibility: • Calibrate the instrument for color measurement using a blank solution (deionized water) and a known standard (15 or 500 CU) as shown in Color measurement and calibration procedure on page 30.
Color measurement and calibration procedure 1. Make sure that the 455 nm filter assembly is installed in the instrument. 30 English 2. Push RANGE to select manual or automatic ranging. Refer to Manual or automatic ranging on page 32. 3. Push SIGNAL AVG to set signal averaging on or off. Refer to Signal averaging on or off on page 32. 4. Push UNITS/Exit until "CU" is shown on the display. 5. Push CAL/Zero. The display shows "ZERO" CU.
7. Slowly put 250 mL of deionized water down the interior edge of the inlet reservoir. Put the CU standard down the interior edge of the reservoir to prevent air bubbles in the sample. 13. Slowly put 250 mL of the sample in the inlet reservoir. 8. Push ENTER. The instrument display counts down from 30 to 0, and then measures the deionized water and sets the zero reference point. Note: To make measurements using the current calibration, go to step 12. 9.
Measurement techniques Measurements may be made with different operation mode settings and optional accessories. Calibrate the instrument whenever the sample cell pathlength is changed. Manual or automatic ranging The manufacturer recommends that ranging be set to automatic for most measurements. The setting can be changed at any time during sample measurement. Push RANGE repeatedly to step the instrument from automatic ranging to manual ranging and then scroll through the manual range settings.
if interferences caused by color or light absorbing particles are not present. Figure 8 Standard shop air Using the air purge system The air purge system is used to keep condensation off the external surface of the sample cell when cold samples are measured. The air purge system pushes dry air through the optical compartment to keep the outside the sample cell dry. The connection is made at the air purge fitting on the back of the instrument Figure 2 on page 8.
2. Fill the flow cell and tubing with water and make sure that there are no leaks or air bubbles. Note: Air bubbles collect in areas that are not cleaned fully. 3. Clean the exterior surface of the flow cell with a soft, lint-free cloth to remove water spots and fingerprints. 4. Apply a small bead of silicone oil from the top to the bottom of the flow cell. Note: Use only the provided silicone oil. This silicone oil has the same refractive index as the flow cell glass and masks minor glass scratches. 5.
• For short-term storage (a few hours), flush the system with distilled or deionized water and leave the flow cell full of the flush water to minimize air locks and build up of residue on the parts. • For long-term storage, disassemble, fully clean and air dry all parts. Using a manual flow cell To set the flow rate, increase the height of the collection drain assembly on the support rod to decrease the flow rate. Make sure that the bottom of the collection drain assembly is no lower than 7.5 cm (3 in.
Use the flow cell specifications in Table 3 to calculate the correct fill time. Make sure that the fill time includes time to fill the system and to fully remove the previous sample from the system.
7. Push ENTER. The display shows "MM-SS MEA" (or an actual measurement time if a measurement time has been selected previously). 8. Push the arrow keys to select the measurement time. 9. Push ENTER to open the flow valve and start the fill time interval. To do the measurement again without the fill time interval, push ENTER. 10. When measurements are complete, push FLOW. The FLOW light turns off. 11. Push and hold the valve-control switch to the Momentary Open position to drain the flow cell.
Install a cell adapter Note: Use the application specific calibration (ASC) ability of the instrument to provide direct reading of results with cell adapters installed. If the ASC ability is not used, a new calibration curve must be developed each time a cell adapter is used. 1. Align the tab on the cell adapter toward the front of the instrument (Figure 9). 2. Put the cell adapter in the sample cell holder. 3. Calibrate the instrument each time the sample cell diameter is changed.
Connect to a printer or computer Use the serial interface (RS232) connector on the back of the instrument to transmit data from the instrument to an external printer or a serial communication port on a computer. Refer to Figure 2 on page 8. To connect a serial printer to the instrument, use a printer cable assembly that is terminated with a standard 25-pin D connector. A serialto-parallel converter can be used to print to a parallel printer.
Table 5 RS232 command set (continued) Command Description RMN Gets the recorder minimum value. To change the recorder minimum value, enter RMN=XXXXX (XXXXX=a number, minimum value=0), then push Enter. RMX Gets the recorder maximum value. To change the recorder maximum value, enter RMX=XXXXX (XXXXX=a number, maximum value=10,000), then push Enter. RTN Gets the recorder trim minimum value. To change the recorder minimum value, enter RTN=XXXXX (XXXXX=a number, minimum value=200), then push Enter.
Table 6 Formazin standard preparation (continued) Prepare formazin standards For the best accuracy and long-term data comparability, use formazin stock solution from Hach to make formazin standards. Note: As an alternative, a 4000-NTU formazin stock solution that is prepared by the user may be used to make formazin standards. Refer to Making 4000-NTU formazin stock solution on page 44.
• Store the oiling cloth in a plastic storage bag to keep the cloth clean. • If power is lost during calibration, the new calibration data is lost and the last calibration data is used. To exit a calibration and not save the new values, push UNITS/Exit. • In Calibration mode, automatic range and signal averaging on are selected. When calibration is completed, all operational modes go back to the last settings. • All nephelometric (turbidity units of measure) calibrations are done at the same time.
7. Apply a small bead of silicone oil from the top to the bottom of the sample cell. 8. Use the oiling cloth provided to apply the oil equally to the surface of the sample cell. Remove the excess oil. Make sure that the sample cell is almost dry. 9. Put the sample cell in the sample cell holder with the triangle on the sample cell aligned with the reference mark on the sample cell holder. Close the cover. 10. Push ENTER. The instrument display counts down from 60 to 0, and then measures the standard.
Making 4000-NTU formazin stock solution WARNING Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of the personal protective equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for safety protocols. Note: Making formazin stock solution from raw materials is not recommended. Preparation of formazin stock solution is temperature and technique sensitive.
Special research applications Application specific calibration The instrument has special features and operations for special research applications. Nephelometric analysis can result in a calibration curve that is not linear. This instrument can store two application specific caibration (ASC) curves with up to eight data pairs in each. This instrument uses point-to-point interpolation between entered standards for the ASC calibrations.
Either ASC can be changed at any time, so recalibration is not necessary. The sample is under-range if the display flashes 0s. If the display flashes 0s when measuring color, absorbance or transmittance, set the analytical reference point again and measure again. Also, make sure that the expected reading is positive when measuring absorbance. Initial ASC entry Up to eight standards can be entered in either of the two application specific calibrations (ASCs).
4. Push UNITS/Exit to return to measurement mode. Change an ASC unit name or one ASC data point Any ASC unit name or data point can be changed. Note: Push UNITS/Exit at any time during this procedure to go back to Measurement mode and not save changes. 1. Push UNITS/Exit until the correct ASC name is shown on the display. 2. Push CAL/Zero to enter ASC calibration mode. The display flashes "EDIT?". 3. Push ENTER. The left digit flashes. 4.
Delete all the ASC data points Change the filter assembly Either of the ASC calibration curves can be deleted and the ASC unit name changed back to the factory default. NOTICE The filter assembly is fragile and must be handled with care to prevent damage. 1. Push UNITS/Exit until the correct ASC name is shown on the display. 2. Push CAL/Zero to enter ASC calibration mode. The display flashes "EDIT?". 3. Push the up or down arrow key until "DEL?" flashes on the display. 4.
• Replace the lamp with the same size, style and electrical rating (4708900). Refer to Replacement parts and accessories on page 53. • Do not touch the lamp as oil from skin will damage the lamp. Clean the lamp with alcohol as necessary. • Either lamp lead can be put in either terminal block position. • Turn the instrument on 30 minutes (Ratio on) or 60 minutes (Ratio off) before measurement or calibration. • Calibrate the instrument after the lamp is replaced.
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Troubleshooting Replace a fuse DANGER Fire hazard. Use the same type and current rating to replace fuses. Refer to the tables in this section for error codes, diagnostic codes, common problem messages or symptoms, possible causes and corrective actions. Error codes Replacement parts: • Fuse for 115 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030700), or • Fuse for 230 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030600) To replace a fuse, refer to the illustrated steps in Figure 10.
Table 8 Error codes (continued) Error Description ERR03 Low light error Solution 1. Put the sample in the instrument again. 2. Make sure that the lamp icon light is on. 3. Make sure that an object is not in the light path. 4. Do sample dilution if necessary. Note: If this error occurs when a filter assembly other than the USEPA filter assembly is installed, the filter assembly should not be used for turbidity measurements.
Table 9 Diagnostic codes (continued) Code Display Description 23 Test results are shown. Keyboard test 24 Test results are shown. Memory test Delete calibration data zero using the sample with the greatest absorbance and read the sample with the least absorbance. Record the reading as negative absorbance. Replacement parts and accessories Note: Product and Article numbers may vary for some selling regions.
Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Description Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Description Quantity Item no. 1 3037600 1 1999900 Filter disks 10 2323810 Filter, membrane (without pad) 200 1353001 Filter paper, glass fiber, quantitative, 47 mm 100 253000 Flow cell kit, automated, 115 V, low pressure 1 4745000 Flow cell kit, automated, 230 V, low pressure 1 4745002 Quantity Item no.
Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Description Pump, vacuum/pressure, 115V, 60 Hz, 1.2 cfm Quantity Item no. Description 1 2424800 Pump, vacuum/pressure, 220V, 50 Hz, 1.2 cfm 1 2824802 Sample degassing kit 1 4397500 Sample degassing and filtration kit 1 4397510 0.1 NTU, StablCal™ low-level turbidity verification standards (not for instrument calibration) 100 mL 2723342 0.
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