DOC022.52.
Table of Contents Specifications ..................................................................................................................................................................................5 General information .....................................................................................................................................................................6 Safety information ...........................................................................................
Table of Contents Clean the sample cell ...............................................................................................................................................................18 Indexing a single sample cell ....................................................................................................................................................19 Matching sample cells ...........................................................................................................
Table of Contents Static or dynamic measurement procedure .......................................................................................................................33 Use a cell adapter .....................................................................................................................................................................34 Install a cell adapter ..........................................................................................................................
Table of Contents Diagnostic codes ..............................................................................................................................................................................44 Delete calibration data .....................................................................................................................................................................44 Flashing 9s ................................................................................................
Specifications Specification Details Specifications are subject to change without notice. Accuracy1, 2, 3 FNU4: ±2% of reading plus 0.01 FNU from 0–1000 FNU Specification Details Measurement method Nephelometric Regulatory Meets ISO 7027, DIN EN 27027, DIN 38404 and NFT 9033 ASTM D7315 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode FAU: ±10% of reading from 20–10,000 NTU NTU4: ±2% of reading plus 0.
Specification Details Printer Built-in (thermal, 58-mm, up to 28 column) Interface RS232C serial interface by way of DB9 subminiature Dshell connector for data output to computer or printer, and data input (command). No handshaking. Air purge Dry nitrogen or instrument grade air (ANSI MC 11.1, 1975) 0.1 scfm at 69 kPa (10 psig); 138 kPa (20 psig) maximum Hose barb connection for 1/8-inch tubing Sample cells Round cells 95 x 25 mm (3.74 x 1 in.
Precautionary labels Read all labels and tags attached to the instrument. Personal injury or damage to the instrument could occur if not observed. A symbol, if noted on the instrument, will be included with a danger or caution statement in the manual. This symbol, if noted on the instrument, references the instruction manual for operation and/or safety information. Electrical equipment marked with this symbol may not be disposed of in European public disposal systems after 12 August of 2005.
The turbidimeter contains a real-time clock with battery. The clock provides a time-date stamp on all data transmitted to the built-in printer or to external devices by way of the RS232 interface (i.e., measurements and calibration records).
Put paper in the printer Figure 3 Instrument components NOTICE Use only the provided thermal paper. Use of other thermal paper may cause poor print quality and decrease the life of the print-head. Notes: • Do not rub the thermal paper with a hard object. • Do not use chemical paste on thermal paper. • A red line on the edge of the thermal paper shows when the paper supply is low. 1. Cut the end of the paper with scissors to make an arrow shape.
User interface Table 1 Key descriptions (continued) Key Figure 4 Keypad Description Starts the changing of the sample number shown on the mode display. Selects automatic or manual ranging. Selects the unit of measure. Exits Calibration or Setup mode without saving changes. Turns Ratio on or off. Turns on or off the Flow mode of operation. Used only with the automated flow cell.
Table 2 Light descriptions Figure 5 Indicator lights Light Description Illuminated when the instrument light source is on. Flashes when there is not sufficient light for measurement. CAL? "CAL?" is shown during a calibration if the calibration data is not within the acceptable range. Flashes when the instrument should be calibrated. Note: The CAL? light applies when a 25-mm sample cell is used. Ignore the CAL? light if illuminated during calibration when a smaller sample cell is used.
Startup Set the date and time Turn the instrument on 1. Push SETUP. The SETUP light turns on. 2. Use the arrow keys to select an option: CAUTION Infrared Light Hazard. The infrared light produced by this instrument can cause eye injury. The infrared light source in this instrument only receives power when the sample cell cover is closed. 1. Put the instrument on a stable, level surface that is free of vibration. Do not put in direct sunlight. 2.
other than StablCal, or user-prepared formazin, may result in less accurate calibrations. The manufacturer cannot guarantee the performance of the instrument if calibrated with co-polymer styrenedivinylbenzene beads or other suspensions. Prepare the StablCal standards When received and at intervals: 1. Clean the exterior surface of the StablCal vials with laboratory glass cleaning detergent. 2. Rinse the vials with distilled or deionized water. 3. Dry the vials with a lint-free cloth.
StablCal calibration procedure 1. Push CAL/Zero. The CAL/Zero light turns on, and the mode display shows "00". The NTU value of the dilution water that was used in the previous calibration is shown on the display. 7. Remove the vial from the sample cell holder. 2. Get the < 0.1 NTU vial. Clean the vial with a soft, lint-free cloth to remove water spots and fingerprints. Do not invert the vial. 3. Apply a small bead of silicone oil from the top to the bottom of the vial. 8.
StablCal standards storage • Do not move a StablCal standard to a different container for storage. Keep StablCal standards in the plastic case provided with the cover closed. • Store at 5 to 25 °C (41 to 77 °F). • For long-term storage (more than one month between use), keep at 5 °C (41 °F). Using Gelex secondary standards instrument due to small differences in glass and instrument optical systems. • Do not keep a Gelex vial in the instrument for more time than is necessary to complete measurement.
7. Push RATIO to turn Ratio mode on. 8. Put the stray light standard in the sample cell holder with the triangle on the vial aligned with the reference mark on the sample cell holder. Close the cover. 9. Read the value when stable. Remove the vial from the instrument. 10. Record the value on the white diamond space on the vial using a permanent marker.
7. Push RATIO to select Ratio on or off. Ratio must be on for Gelex standards greater than 40 NTU. For the 0–2 and 0– 20 NTU Gelex standards, select the Ratio function that the instrument will operate in. 8. Put the 0–2 NTU Gelex vial in the sample cell holder with the triangle on the vial aligned with the reference mark on the sample cell holder. Close the cover. 9. Read the value when stable. Remove the vial from the instrument. 10.
Clean the sample cell CAUTION Chemical exposure hazard. Obey laboratory safety procedures and wear all of the personal protective equipment appropriate to the chemicals that are handled. Refer to the current material safety data sheets (MSDS) for safety protocols. NOTICE Do not air dry the sample cells. Always store the sample cells with caps on to prevent the cells from drying. For storage, fill the sample cell with distilled or demineralized water. 1.
Indexing a single sample cell When measuring very low turbidity samples, use a single indexed sample cell or a flow cell for all measurements to get precise and repeatable measurements. As an alternative, optically matched sample cells can be used. Refer to Matching sample cells on page 21. Matched sample cells do not provide as good of accuracy and precision as a single indexed sample cell that is used for every measurement or a flow cell. 1.
7. Repeat step 6 until the lowest value is shown on the display. 20 English 8. Put an orientation mark on the marking band near the top of the sample cell where the lowest value is shown.
Matching sample cells To decrease the effects that optical differences among sample cells can have on turbidity, transmittance or absorbance measurements, measure samples in matched sample cells. It may not be possible to match all sample cells due to the differences in glass. 1. Rinse two or more clean, empty sample cells two times with dilution water and drain to waste. Fill the sample cells to the line (about 30 mL) with filtered dilution water and immediately put the cap on the sample cell.
7. Repeat step 6 until the lowest value is shown on the display. 8. Record the value. Put an orientation mark on the marking band near the top of the sample cell. 9. Put the second sample cell in the sample cell holder. Close the cover. Record the value when stable. 10. Remove the sample cell, turn it about 1/8 of a turn and put it in the sample cell holder again. Close the cover. Record the value when stable. 13. Do steps 9– 12 again as necessary to match the other sample cells prepared in steps 1–4.
Prepare dilution water Dilution water is used when indexing a sample cell or matching sample cells and to prepare formazin standards. 1. Collect at least 1000 mL of high-quality, low-turbidity water (i.e., distilled, demineralized or deionized water or filtered tap water). 2. Measure the turbidity of the water using the turbidimeter. Refer to Turbidity measurement on page 25. 3. If the turbidity of the water is greater than 0.5 NTU, filter the water using the sample filtration and degassing kit.
2. Put 1/2 to 2/3 of the sample cell into the ultrasonic bath and let it stand until visible bubbles are removed. 3. Remove the sample cell from the ultrasonic bath and put the cap on. 4. Fully dry the sample cell. Apply heat CAUTION Make sure that the cap on the sample cell is loose. Increasing the temperature of a tightly-capped sample cell may cause an explosion. More caution should be taken when increasing the temperature of volatile compounds. If possible, do not use heat to accelerate degassing.
3. Calculate the actual turbidity: Actual turbidity = measured value × dilution factor Example: Measured value = 2450 NTU Actual turbidity = 2450 × 5 = 12,250 NTU Figure 6 Prepare filtered sample using membrane or glass-fiber filter For accurate turbidity readings use clean sample cells and remove air bubbles. Refer to Clean the sample cell on page 18 and Remove air bubbles from the sample on page 23.
• Measure samples immediately to prevent temperature changes and settling. Before a measurement is taken, always make sure that the sample is homogeneous throughout. • Avoid sample dilution when possible. • Avoid instrument operation in direct sunlight. Turbidity measurement procedure 1. Rinse a clean, empty sample cell two times with the solution to be measured and drain to waste. Fill to the line (about 30 mL) with sample and immediately put the cap on the sample cell. 7.
Absorbance and transmittance measurement Measurement notes For the best accuracy and reproducibility: • Absorbance and transmittance can only be measured at 860 nm. • Set the zero reference point before measurement. Set the zero reference point again when a measurement is not taken for several hours as shown in Absorbance and transmittance measurement procedure on page 27. • Transmittance and absorbance measurements use the same zero reference point.
7. After the sample flow stops and the display stabilizes, read and record the value. Note: To print or send (via RS232) a measurement record, push PRINT. Measurement techniques Measurements may be made with different operation mode settings and optional accessories. Calibrate the instrument whenever the sample cell pathlength is changed. Manual or automatic ranging The manufacturer recommends that ranging be set to automatic for most measurements.
Push SIGNAL AVG to turn signal averaging on or off. The SIGNAL AVG light turns on when signal averaging is on. Push ENTER when signal averaging is on to erase data in the signal averaging buffer and provide an immediate update on the display as necessary. This is especially useful when measuring samples with large differences in turbidity. To change the number of measurements that are used to calculate the average reading (default=10): 1. 2. 3. 4. Push SETUP. The SETUP light turns on.
2. Fill the flow cell and tubing with water and make sure that there are no leaks or air bubbles. Figure 8 Standard shop air Note: Air bubbles collect in areas that are not cleaned fully. 3. Clean the exterior surface of the flow cell with a soft, lint-free cloth to remove water spots and fingerprints. 4. Apply a small bead of silicone oil from the top to the bottom of the flow cell. Note: Use only the provided silicone oil.
Note: At intervals, replace the tubing as contaminants, including microbiological growths, are difficult to remove from the inside surface of the tubing. 6. Air dry the parts after cleaning. Flow cell maintenance • Keep all parts of the flow cell assembly clean. • At intervals, replace all the tubing to make sure that the system is clean. Keep the tubing as short as possible to minimize air locking and lag time of sample flow. Locate the instrument as close to the drain as possible.
2. The flow valve closes when the fill time interval ends. The last portion of sample flowing through the flow cell is held so that sample volume measurements can be made for the selected measurement time. Refer to Select the measurement time on page 32. A measurement is completed and the display is updated about once every second. 3.
Static or dynamic measurement procedure 1. Push PRINT to turn the print interval feature on. 2. Install the automated flow cell. Refer to Install a flow cell on page 30. The PRINT light turns on. Note: The sample cell cover does not close when the flow cell is installed. 3. Push FLOW. The FLOW light turns on. 4. Push the up and down arrow keys to select STAT (static) or DYN (dynamic). 5. Push ENTER. The display shows "MM-SS FIL" (or an actual fill time if a fill time has been selected previously).
7. Push ENTER. The display shows "MM-SS MEA" (or an actual measurement time if a measurement time has been selected previously). 8. Push the arrow keys to select the measurement time. 9. Push ENTER to open the flow valve and start the fill time interval. To do the measurement again without the fill time interval, push ENTER. 10. When measurements are complete, push FLOW. The FLOW light turns off. 11. Push and hold the valve-control switch to the Momentary Open position to drain the flow cell.
Install a cell adapter Note: Use the application specific calibration (ASC) ability of the instrument to provide direct reading of results with cell adapters installed. If the ASC ability is not used, a new calibration curve must be developed each time a cell adapter is used. 1. Align the tab on the cell adapter toward the front of the instrument (Figure 9). 2. Put the cell adapter in the sample cell holder. 3. Calibrate the instrument each time the sample cell diameter is changed.
5. Push ENTER. Table 5 RS232 command set (continued) 6. Push SETUP. Command Description Configure the RS232 connection TIM 1. Push SETUP. The SETUP light turns on. 2. Use the arrow keys to select an option: RMN 3. 4. 5. 6. Option Description 10 Sets the baud rate (default=1200). 11 Sets the character length (default=8). 12 Sets the stop bit (default=1). 13 Sets the parity select (default=NONE). Push ENTER. Use the arrow keys to change the value. Push ENTER. Push SETUP.
Configure the data recorder output Note: The recorder minimum and maximum values are selected independently for each measurement mode. When the measurement mode changes, the previous settings are automatically used. 1. Push SETUP. The SETUP light turns on. 2. Use the arrow keys to select an option: Option Description 14 Sets the minimum value of the recorder output for the current measurements units. 15 Sets the the maximum value of the recorder output for the current measurement units.
Table 6 Formazin standard preparation (continued) Standard Step 1 1000 NTU Add 50 mL of dilution water to a clean 100mL class A volumetric flask. Step 2 Step 3 With a TenSette1 Pipet, add 25.00 mL of well-mixed 4000NTU formazin stock solution to the 100mL flask. Dilute to the mark with dilution water. Stopper and mix. 4000 NTU Rinse a clean sample cell two times with wellmixed 4000-NTU formazin stock solution. Put about 30 mL of 4000-NTU formazin stock solution in the sample cell.
Formazin calibration procedure For the best accuracy, use four matched sample cells or the same sample cell for all measurements during calibration. Refer to Matching sample cells on page 21. 1. Push CAL/Zero. The CAL/Zero light turns on, and the mode display shows "00" . The NTU value of the dilution water used in the previous calibration is shown. 2. Rinse a clean sample cell two times with dilution water.
7. Push ENTER. The instrument display counts down from 60 to 0, and then measures the standard. 8. Remove the sample cell from the sample cell holder. The instrument shows the next expected standard (e.g., 20.00). The mode display shows "01". 9. Do steps 5–11 for the other formazin standards (from lowest to highest NTU standard). Mix each formazin standard well and rinse the sample cell two times with formazin standard before the sample cell is filled. 10. Push CAL/Zero.
• The prepared formazin standards used are user-selected standards and not the recommended standards. Refer to Prepare formazin standards – user selected on page 41. • The calibration points that are shown on the display must be changed as they occur so they agree with the turbidity of the user-defined standards. Refer to Change the calibration points on page 41. Note: Unknown performance may occur if standards other than the recommended calibration points are used. The recommended calibration points (< 0.
Initial ASC entry 3. Use the arrow keys to select a measurement units option: Note: Make sure that the instrument is calibrated before making NTU measurements. Option Program new ASC data U SET 0 Sets all the units as available on the display: FNU, FAU, NTU, -1-, -2-, EBC, %T, A 1. Push UNITS/Exit until the correct ASC unit name is shown on the display (ASC -1- or -2-). 2. Push CAL/Zero to enter the ASC calibration mode. The left digit flashes. 3.
Troubleshooting Replace a fuse DANGER Fire hazard. Use the same type and current rating to replace fuses. Refer to the tables in this section for error codes, diagnostic codes, common problem messages or symptoms, possible causes and corrective actions. Error codes Replacement parts: • Fuse for 115 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030700), or • Fuse for 230 V operation, time-delay, 250 V, 1.6 A (3030600) To replace a fuse, refer to the illustrated steps in Figure 10.
Table 7 Error codes (continued) Error Description ERR03 Low light error ERR04 Memory malfunction ERR05 A/D is over the range ERR06 A/D is under the range ERR07 Light leak ERR09 Printer time out error or paper in the internal printer can not move ERR10 System voltage out of range Solution 1. Put the sample in the instrument again. 2. Make sure that the lamp icon light is on. 3. Make sure that an object is not in the light path. 4. Do sample dilution if necessary. 1.
To delete any calibration data entered by the user: 1. Turn off the instrument. 2. Push and hold CAL/Zero. 3. Turn on the instrument. The CAL? light flashes. The instrument starts in Calibration mode. 4. Calibrate the instrument before use. Flashing 9s When manual ranging is selected, the display will flash all 9s when the sample being measured is greater than the selected range.
Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Accessories Description Calibration kit, StablCal®, 100 mL each (<0.1, 20, 200, 1000, 4000 and 7500 NTU) Calibration kit, StablCal®, 500 mL each (<0.1, 20, 200, 1000, 4000 and 7500 NTU) Quantity Item no. 1 2659510 Description Formazin stock solution, 4000 NTU 1 Quantity Item no. 500 mL 246149 Formazin high-range turbidity standard, 7500 NTU ampule 1 2584202 2659500 Pump, vacuum, hand-operated 1 1428300 Pump, vacuum/pressure, 115V, 60 Hz, 1.
Replacement parts and accessories (continued) Description Quantity Item no. Volumetric flask, 100 mL, Class A 1 1457442 Volumetric flask, 200 mL, Class A 1 1457445 Optional reagents Description Quantity Item no.
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