Operating Manual

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Standards, literature/references,
acknowledgements and appendices
European norms (EN-standards)
Ever since the introduction of industrial radiography, there has been a growing need for stan-
dardisation of examination techniques and procedures. At first, these standards had mainly a
national character, e.g. ASTM and ASME, DIN, AFNOR, BS, JIS etc, but as a result of industri-
al globalisation the need for international standards grew. The national standards were, and
still are, frequently used internationally, in particular the ASTM and ASME standards.
International standards are largely based on existing national standards. Organisations that
engage in international standardisation are ISO and CEN. These standards are developed
by working groups of experts, who present the newly adapted (harmonised) standards to
the ISO, CEN etc.
A number of European norms (EN) relevant to radiography are listed in table 1-20.
Norm number Subject
EN 444 General principles for r
adiographic examination of
metallic materials by X- and gamma rays
EN 13068-3 General principles of r
adioscopic testing of
metallic materials by X- and gamma rays
EN 462-1 through 5 Image quality of radiographs IQIs
EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
EN 584-1 Classification of film systems
Equivalents:
ASTM E-1815
ISO 11699-1
JIS-K7627
EN/ISO 14096 Film digitisation
EN 584-2 Verification of film systems
ISO 11699-2
EN 1435 Radiographic examination of welded joints
EN 12543-1 through 5 Characteristics of focal spots in industrial
replaces IEC 336 X-ray systems for use in NDT
EN 12544-1 through 3 Measurement and evaluation of the X-ray tube voltage
EN 13068 Fluoroscopic/radioscopic testing
EN 25580 Industrial radiographic illuminators
minimum requirements
EN 14784 1 and 2 Industrial CR with storage phosphor imaging plates
Classification of systems and general principles of application
Table 1-20. European norms for industrial radiography