A User’s Guide to GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS Including the ARIA™ Player This guide written by Gary Garritan Produced by: Gary Garritan Programming: Chad Beckwith, Markleford Friedman ARIA Engine Development: Plogue Art et Technologie, Inc.
A User’s Guide to GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS Including the ARIA™ Player
Table of Contents Welcome to the Garritan World Instruments Garritan World Instruments At a Glance End User License Agreement What the World Instruments Package Includes How to Use This Manual Further Documentation Specifications & Computer System Requirements Regarding Soundcards & Speakers INSTALLATION & ACTIVATION Quick Reference Installation Quick Reference Activation ARIA PLAYER BASICS Getting Around the ARIA Player Interface Using ARIA Player as a Standalone Using ARIA as a VST, AU, or RTAS Plug-in No
DIRECTORY OF INSTRUMENTS IN GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS Organization of Instruments The Wind Instruments Africa China India Japan Other Asian Regions Europe (Flutes, Pennywhistles, Recorders, Shawm, Chanters, & Bagpipes,) Latin America Middle East North America Oceania The Percussion Instruments Africa China India Japan (Complete Taiko Drum Collection) Other Asian Regions Europe Latin America Middle East North America Oceania (Complete Balinese & Javanese Gamelan, Hawaiian Percussion) The String Instruments
Welcome to World Instruments! A New World Order of Music Music is very important to all peoples around the world. It is an integral part of a people’s identity, reflects who they are, and distinguishes them from other cultures. Many cultures have created a rich and beautiful musical heritage that they express through unique musical instruments. In the West we experience only a small fraction of the number of instruments that grace this planet.
Garritan World Instruments At a Glance Thank you for choosing Garritan World Instruments. Garritan World Instruments puts an entire world of musical instruments at your fingertips.
End User License Agreement Please read the terms of the following software licensing agreement before using this software. By installing and loading these products on your computer you acknowledge that you have read this license agreement, understand the agreement, and agree to its terms and conditions. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions, do not install or use the sounds contained herein.
What the World Instruments Package Includes This World Instruments library includes the following: • • • The “Garritan ARIA Player” installer file that contains the ARIA Player software and the ARIA User’s Manual in PDF form. * The “Garritan World Instruments” installer file that contains the Garritan World Instruments sound library and World Instruments User’s Guide in PDF form.
You can refer to this manual whenever you wish. It is provided in digital form as an Adobe Acrobat document file (also known as a PDF) that can be viewed on a computer monitor or printed. If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat Reader, it is available free from www.adobe.com. A digital manual is eco-friendly and can be easily updated. If you need to have a paper copy, you can print this document or order one at www.lulu.com. A printed copy can be a handy reference.
Specifications & Computer System Requirements The following table lists the computer and hardware requirements for using Garritan World Instruments. You can use Garritan World Instruments on most modern personal computers that meet the specifications listed below. These specifications provide the minimum standards. For optimal functioning, we recommend you have a powerful enough computer with a fast CPU (Core 2 Duo or more recommended), a fast hard drive, and a sufficient amount of RAM.
If you are using Garritan World Instruments within a host music program (such as a notation program, DAW, and/or sequencing program), there may be additional resource requirements. Please also observe the system requirements of your host application, if applicable. The demands of various other processing software (including the sequencer, audio and effects processors, other plug-ins, and so on) can affect functionality.
Regarding Sound Cards, Audio & MIDI Interfaces The quality of the audio interface will have a significant effect on the quality of the sound you will hear from Garritan World Instruments. It will also have a substantial effect on performance (both latency and polyphony). Therefore, a good sound card is one of the most important components in optimizing the sound and performance of Garritan World Instruments.
Regarding Speakers, Amplification, and Headphones Amplifiers and speakers or headphones are needed to listen to the audio output that Garritan World Instruments produces through the computer’s audio or sound card(s). The quality of the audio amplifiers and speakers is extremely important; there is little point in expending a great deal on a high-end computer system and audio interface but using inferior personal computer speakers.
INSTALLATION and ACTIVATION
Quick Reference Installation Below is just a quick reference for installing Garritan World Instruments. For a complete reference and guide to installing the ARIAPlayer, please refer to the separate ARIA User’s Guide included with Garritan World Instruments. Installing World Instruments is a three-part process: 3 Steps for Installing Garritan World Instruments: • Step 1. ARIA Installation • Step 2. Sound Library Installation • Step 3.
At this point, you can sit back and let the installer do the work. If you have the download version, you can delete the extraction folder once Garritan World Instruments is successfully installed. Before doing so, however, we suggest you make a backup copy of the installation zip file and put it in a safe place. If anything happens to your computer, you can reinstall Garritan World Instruments from the discs or the backup file.
Quick Reference Activation Garritan World Instruments features an innovative Drag and Drop authorization system. Upon launching Garritan World Instruments for the first time you will be asked to activate it. Clicking yes will launch your browser and bring you to the www.garritan.com website. Here are the steps to activate Garritan World Instruments: • • • • Create an account on www.garritan.com if you have not already done so, and log in to your account.
Another Alternative: Drag and Drop from the Browser Another method would be to drag and drop the personalized keycard PNG image from your browser (when logged into your account) onto the ARIA Player. Dragging and dropping your keycard may not work with all browsers and you should first try the previous method. Another Alternative: Use the File Menu You can also go to the File Menu, open the PNG file from there, and ARIA will activate.
A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments
ARIA PLAYER BASICS
Getting Around the ARIA Player Interface 1. The active instrument light shows you which instrument’s parameters you are changing. Click this area on another instrument to change the focus of the controls. 2. The instrument display features a drop-down menu for loading that appears when the field is clicked. 3. MIDI channel assignment is quick and clear. 4. Tuning controls help you to control fine tuning. 5.
10. Graphical faders give you a quick idea of an instrument’s presence in the mix. The faders respond to CC#7 commands. 11. Window Selection allows you to select between the Mixer, Controls, Effects, and Settings windows. 12. Ensemble Presets allow you to quickly load instrumental groups and ensembles. Please refer to the section on Ensembles later in this manual for a list of presets. For more information about the features of the ARIA Player, please refer to the separate ARIA User’s Manual.
Using the ARIA Player Once installed and activated, you can load Garritan World Instruments into the ARIA Player. There are several ways to use Garritan World Instruments with the ARIA Player: you can play it “live” as a standalone application, as a plug-in within a sequencer, or with a supported notation program. Using ARIA as a Standalone If you have installed the standalone version of the ARIA Player, you can find it in your Applications folder or Program menu.
find the VST in the Garritan/ARIA Player/VST directory. The VST plug-in ends in a .dll extension. In your host’s VST plug-in configuration menu, ensure that the specified installation directory is included in the list of VST directories. You may need to re-scan the folders to have ARIA Player VST appear in the list of software instruments. From there, just load the ARIA Player and go! You will find the VST listed as ARIA Player VST.dll, which contains a single stereo output, and ARIA Player Multi VST.
Notation Version of Garritan World Instruments Garritan World Instruments contains a separate Notation folder with instruments that are programmed with important differences that make them more compatible with the way supported notation programs such as Finale™ handle MIDI data. The programming differences are: • Legato mode—controlled by CC#68 rather than CC#64. This difference applies to all sustaining string and wind instruments. • Pitchbend range—extended to +/-12 semitones for all instruments.
A WORLD of INSTRUMENTS
The Music and Instruments of Africa Africa is the second most populous and second largest continent, and is believed to be the place where mankind first appeared. Anthropologists conjecture that it is also where music most likely originated. As the ancient birthplace of mankind, Africa remains home to numerous cultures and peoples, and its music reflects its rich and varied heritage. A characteristic of African music is that much of it is percussion-oriented.
North African countries, including Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan, Morocco, and Western Sahara, are strongly influenced by Middle Eastern culture, and their music and instrumentation reflect that. For example, the Arghul and Mijwiz are North African reed instruments that have similarities to their Middle Eastern counterparts. West Africa, or sub-Saharan Africa, is equally rich in its musical heritage.
The Music and Instruments of India With well over one billion people and ancient roots, India is profoundly endowed with a multiplicity of musical traditions, the product of numerous ethnic groups, dialects, cultures and peoples. An almost endless palette of types and forms and genres, the music of India includes folk, popular, Indipop, traditional and, recently, Bollywood-style music.
• • • Plucked Strings (Tat): Gopichand, Santur, Tanpura, Sitar Bowed Strings (Vitat): Sarangi (bowed and drone) Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh): Dafli, Damroo, Dhol, Dholak, Khol, Maddal, Mridangam, Naal, Nagara, Pakhawaj, Tabla, Tamte, Tasha, Tavil, Udaku In addition to these traditional five classes, a sixth class of electronic instruments has been created. One such instrument in the Garritan World Instruments collection is the Electric Sitar.
Traditional Chinese music can be played on solo instruments or collectively in small ensembles or larger orchestras. There was no use of musical scores as music was orally transmitted and memorized by the musicians. Typically, there is no conductor in traditional Chinese music, although in modern times a conductor and scores are used.
The Music and Instruments of Japan The Japanese word for music is “ongaku,” meaning fun or comfort with sound. There are several types of traditional Japanese music (hogaku). Some of the more important ones are listed below: • Gagaku: Gagaku, or “elegant music,” is the oldest form of Japanese classical music and has been performed at the Imperial court for centuries. Gagaku also accompanied classical dance and was used in religious ceremonies.
that make up part of the sound of shakuhachi are appreciated just as much as the note played. The primary genres of shakuhachi music are: honkyoku (traditional solo), sankyoku (ensemble with koto and shamisen) and shinkyoku (contemporary music composed for shakuhachi and koto). Although the sect that originated this practice has disappeared, the shakuhachi has since become the most popular Japanese wind instrument. • Shamisenongaku: Music played with the Shamisen.
The Music and Instruments of Other Asian Regions Aside from the musical powerhouses of China, India and Japan, there are other regions of Asia that have developed their own rich musical traditions. The remaining area in Asia accounts for a substantial landmass and a very large population with a wealth of unique musical thought and culture… from Tibetan temple music, to the nomadic music of Central Asia, to the Oriental hues of the Koreas.
The music of the Himalayas (Nepal and Tibet) are primarily meditative—Tibetan singing bowls, Tingsha and various other cymbals, and Temple Bells. The Jogi Baja, a reed instrument, can be heard in ceremonies and rituals in Nepal. Central Asia and Mongolia have a nomadic heritage and evolved the unique vocal traditions of Mongolian Long Song, overtone chanting, and Tuvan throat singing.
European folk music has had a significant impact on Western classical music. Many of the classical music greats such as Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Bartok, Smetana, and other legendary composers have borrowed generously from local folk music for their inspiration. One particular flavor of European folk music that has enjoyed a resurgence in popularity is Celtic music. Irish and Scottish immigrants brought this unique musical tradition to the Americas and other parts of the globe.
The Music and Instruments of the Middle East The Middle East is regarded as the cradle of human civilization and that distinction may also apply to its music. Middle Eastern music can be traced back to the Bedouins of ancient times, whose caravan songs reflected nomadic life. As the geographical crossroads between Africa, Europe, and Asia, there are many influences that have left their mark upon Middle Eastern music.
• Rhythm—Rhythms in Middle Eastern music are organized into patterns of emphasized and non-emphasized beats, and the patterns can be quite complex and exciting. Rhythm often sets the emotional tone of the song: energetic, romantic, sad, etc. There are many different beat styles in Middle Eastern music. • Oral Rather Than Written—Most Middle Eastern music traditions are passed on by ear.
The Music and Instruments of North America Before Columbus set foot in the new world, North America was inhabited by Native American peoples who had a long and rich cultural heritage. Traditional songs among the Native peoples were handed down from generation to generation. Music was a means of communicating with supernatural powers, commanding the elements (such as rain or wind), or healing the sick. Singing was usually accompanied with dance and various instruments.
African-American spirituals gave rise to blues music reflecting pain and oppression. Mixed cultures also resulted in hybrid music forms—the French-African Creole music of New Orleans, for example. This melting pot of America also brewed up a new musical genre, Jazz, that ignited the musical imagination of the entire world. The use of syncopation, asymmetrical rhythms, and free improvisation on melodies reflected the sense of freedom in the United States in the early nineteenth century.
The music of Latin America is a fusion of indigenous peoples, Europeans (mainly Spanish and Portuguese), and Africans. These traditions have all meshed together to bring South America a feast of musical expression—from bossa nova and samba, to tango, to vallenato and other unique styles. People who have traveled to Brazil say it is the most musical country on the planet.
The Music and Instruments of Australia & Oceania From the island continent of Australia to the small Polynesian and Hawaiian Islands, the music of the Pacific is as great in scope as it is in geography. The music of Indonesia reflects the diversity of its more than 17,000 islands. The most popular and well-known form of Indonesian music is Gamelan, which means orchestra in Balinese, and represents the traditional music ensemble of Indonesia.
Studying World Music and Cultures Mastering World Instruments requires study and practice, as does learning any instrument. Learning more about the music and instruments of different peoples will benefit your skills. There are many excellent resources on ethnomusicology and region-specific books and resources for learning more about ethnic music styles. Understanding the musical traditions of other cultures will go a long way and your performance will sound even more authentic.
Stringed Instruments Stringed instruments, whether bowed or plucked, can be found in every musical culture. Similarities and variations of the different types of stringed instruments evolved as different cultures migrated and intermingled. Other Instruments Wind, percussion, and stringed instruments are just a few of the kinds of instruments found throughout the world.
A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments
PLAYING GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS
Playing Garritan World Instruments Garritan provides stellar tools to transform high-quality instrument sounds into stunningly realistic performances. The ARIA Player offers an easy, intuitive, and standardized control system to enable you to play and shape the instrumental sounds, either in real time, or through a sequencer or notation program.
In addition to these four basic controls, World Instruments features other means for greater control over your instruments, all of which are user-adjustable. Automatic Variability imparts subtle changes in tuning and timbre, and portamento controls let you continuously glide between notes. With this controller-based approach, you play your articulations in real time in much the same manner as a real player does. For even more authentic sounds, you can also load in ethnic scales and tunings.
You will discover that using the Mod Wheel control adds a new dimension of feeling and expression to your performances, making them all the more believable. Try experimenting with the Mod Wheel to develop control over the dynamics. As you play a melody, attempt a gradual crescendo or decrescendo, instead of going suddenly from soft to loud or loud to soft.
2. Note Velocity (Attack for Sustaining Instruments—Volume for Percussive Instruments) Virtually all keyboards made today support a feature called “Note Velocity” that refers to how hard you strike a given key. The harder you press down a key, the harder and sharper the attack. The more gently you hit the key, the softer the attack. Applying proper accentuation brings clarity and emphasis to the notes being played. It also shapes the rhythm and flow of a piece of music.
3. Sustain Pedal (Legato for Sustaining Instruments) Legato—Playing Smoothly and Evenly So far, we have focused on aspects of performance that are controlled with your fingers, but an important part of your performance comes from your foot. Most keyboards include a sustain pedal. Instruments that can play sustained notes (such as wind instruments) use the sustain pedal to activate the legato playing techniques.
Choosing Between Auto-Legato and Sustain-Pedal Legato (CC#64) Since Garritan World Instruments gives two choices for legato creation, the question arises—which should I use? Auto-Legato is the most convenient method to use and can give good results when used as designed. It has some limitations related to the way it handles polyphony.
4. Keyswitching (Changing Articulations and Techniques in Real Time) Changing Articulations in Real Time Keyswitching is a feature that allows you to change articulations quickly while playing. With the simple touch of a key located on the keyboard below the playable range of an instrument, you can move between different playing styles without having to load multiple patches.
keyswitch you want to record to a sequencer track or notation staff, the mouse action will not be recorded. When recording a track or entering notation, use your external MIDI keyboard to record the keyswitch note or manually enter the keyswitch note into your track.
Keyswitch assignments for the Stringed Instruments: B1 = Gliss Down (except fiddle, erhu, and rebab) A1 = Gliss Up (except fiddle, erhu, and rebab) G1 = Bend Down (or tremolo for bowed strings) F1 = Bend Up (pizz for fiddle and erhu), F#1 = mutes for fiddle) E1 = Tremolo2 (Bisbigliando2-harps, down bows - bowed strings) D1 = Tremolo (on Release, Bisbigliando on harps, auto-alternating for bowed strings) D#1 = forced up bows on bowed strings C1 = Default (C#1 Mutes for some stringed instruments) Keyswitch as
Note: The Keyswitch assignments will vary between some of the instruments in each category, depending on whether or not they are capable of producing the articulations and effects. Because of this, certain instruments will have more Keyswitches than others. The keyswitch labels will also vary to reflect the proper terms for the instrument’s articulations and effects ( e.g., hits, plucks, tremolo, bisbigliando, etc.). 5.
Pitch Bend Bypass: CC#19 can be used to turn off pitch bend so that bend data can be applied to only one of two overlapping notes, if desired. Automatic Variability Controls (CC#22 & CC#23): These controls automatically create tuning and timbre variability from note to note. The VAR 1 knob controls intonation with random tuning variations, adjustable from a few cents to an entire semitone. The VAR 2 knob introduces random variations in timbre quality by adjusting a filter on the instrument.
• • Hidden Aftertouch (Channel Pressure) Vibrato Intensity: Many keyboards send Aftertouch data when finger pressure on a key is varied while the key is held. Aftertouch data is used to adjust the vibrato intensity of a NonVib instrument. Aftertouch data can also be “drawn” into MIDI tracks manually. Vibrato Speed Controller (CC#17): This controller, when used in conjunction with Aftertouch, will vary the vibrato speed.
Tone Quality control (CC#26 & CC#27): MIDI controller CC#26 controls the basic warmth of the tone quality. It is set by default to a useful value, but CC#27 allows the user to modify the center frequency of this EQ function, if desired. Be careful not to modify the center frequency while a note is being sustained or you may get unnatural “sweep” artifacts. It is best set to one value for an entire track. 6.
Putting It All Together for a Real-Time Performance The basic system is to use your Mod Wheel, Note Velocity, Sustain Pedal, Keyswitches, and other controllers to play your instruments with nuances and expression. It couldn’t be easier! With the more advanced controls you can fine-tune your performance. This approach lets you play your articulations in real time in much the same manner as a player of the actual instrument does.
Using Scala files—Ethnic and Non-Western Tunings A unique feature of the Garritan World Instruments is its support for Scala files to adjust to different temperaments and tunings. Scales and tunings are very important in world music and Garritan World Instruments supports Scala, a standard file format for musical tunings supporting hundreds of different scales. With Scala support, musicians can play an instrument in its native form.
The Scala Center box allows you to select the base note (or center) of your scale. Notes: Some of the Scala files were designed to match the preset instrument “ensembles”. When you load an ensemble check to see if there is a corresponding Scala file that can also be loaded. Loading a matching Scala file will impart more realism to your ethnic instrument ensembles. Try experimenting with different tunings. The ARIA player loads Scala files globally, so it applies to all of the instruments.
Performance Controllers Chart for Garritan World Instruments Below is a chart of the most widely used performance controllers for the various instruments in the Garritan World Instruments library. The following chart gives the name and a brief description of the instrument controllers and their abbreviations in the Instrument Directory.
ENSEMBLE PRESETS
Load Ethnic Bands and Ensembles Easily The Garritan World Instruments installation includes a folder/directory called “Ensembles” that contains a collection of useful pre-configured bands, ensembles, and other instrumental groups for your convenience. Loading an Ensemble presets can give you a quick head start to setting up a group of instruments. Each file loads a selection of instruments along with pan, level, and effect settings. Ensembles do not load tunings.
LIST OF ENSEMBLE PRESETS Ensemble Name: Instruments Included: Caribbean Music Ensemble PVC Flute, Steelpan, Hang Drum, Latin Percussion1, Latin Percussion 2, Cuica, Bombo (Tassa), Afoxê, Agogo Bell, Agogo Block, Atabaque, Balafon, Bolon Bass or Guitarron Chinese Orchestra Bawu, Di-Zi, Guanzi, Hulusi, Sheng, Suona, Xiao, Erhu, Guzheng, Pipa, Yueqin Bianzhong, Bo, Chinese Cymbals, Chinese Gongs, Datangu Lion Drum, Tangku Celtic Consort Low Irish Whistle, Irish Flute, Clarke Pennywhistle, Pennywhistles
LIST OF ENSEMBLE PRESETS 68 Ensemble Name: Instruments Included: Indian Hindustani Ensemble (North India) Bansuri 1, Pungi Snake Charmer, Shenai, Shiva Whistle Tambura, Sarangi Drone Sitar, Tambura, Santoor, Sarangi, Fretless Zither (Samandal) Tablas, Manjeera, Ghungroo, Pakhawaj Harmonium Indian Carnatic Ensemble (South India) Bansuri 2 (Venu), Shenai; Drone: Tambura Fiddle, Gopichand Electric Sitar; Other: Harmonium Tablas, Mridangam, Ghatam, Chenda, Kanjeera, Murchang, Dafli Irish Traditional Tro
LIST OF ENSEMBLE PRESETS Ensemble Name: Instruments Included: Renaissance Consort Alto Recorder, Bass Recorder, Piccolo Recorder, Sopranino Recorder, Soprano Recorder, Tenor Recorder, Folk Shawm, Riqq or Daff (tambourine), Oud (lute), Zitter, Fiddle, Hurdy Gurdy Slovakian Shepherd Band Bone Flute 1, Shepherds Folk Pipe 1 & 2, Bass Overtone Flute, Koncovka Alto Flute, Tenor Overtone Flute, Duda Bagpipes, Panpipes (Andean Panpipes), Zitter, Mandolin, Octave Mandolin South East Asia Piri, Bamboo Flute,
Loading Ensemble Preset Files In standalone mode there are two ways to load Ensemble preset files: • Load from the File menu (File/Load) • Drag and Drop When ARIA is used as a plug-in from within a host program, the Drag and Drop method must be used to load ensemble files. This can be done as follows: With the ARIA player interface displayed, open the “Ensembles” folder/directory to display the numbered collection of ensemble files. Using the mouse button, click and hold on the file you wish to load.
DIRECTORY OF INSTRUMENTS IN GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS
Organization of Instruments It is no easy task to classify many hundreds of instruments from all corners of the globe. Classification of musical instruments has been studied by many ethnomusicologists and there are different classification systems. Instruments have a wide variety of origins, performance contexts, and physical characteristics. The Sachs-Hornbostel system is the one preferred by most ethnomusicologists. This system classifies musical instruments as follows: 1.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Africa Arghul The Arghul is a reed woodwind instrument that consists of two asymmetrical pipes. One pipe, a chanter with between five and seven finger holes, is dedicated to the melody. The second pipe, longer than the first, produces a drone. Arghuls come in different sizes and are played in Egypt and surrounding regions.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: China 74 Bawu The Bawu is a side-blown wind instrument found throughout China. Although it resembles a flute, it is actually a reed instrument. It is often played as a solo instrument, and is featured in films and in popular music. It is also referred to as a Bawoo.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: China Sheng The Sheng, or Chinese Mouth Organ, is a multiple free-reed instrument consisting of a bundle of 13-17 vertical pipes fastened together. Sound is produced by blowing air into a mouthpiece at the base and covering the holes on the various pipes. The Sheng can produce interesting chords as well as single notes, and is used as both a solo and accompanying instrument. Also called Shung.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: India 76 Bansuri 1 The Bansuri is a large side-blown alto flute of Northern India and surrounding regions. It is made of a single length of bamboo with six or seven finger holes. Bansuris range in length from about 12 inches up to about 40 inches, with 20-inch bansuris being the most common. This instrument is associated with the god Krishna who was often depicted playing a Bansuri.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: India Pungi Snake Charmer The Pungi Snake Charmer’s pipe is a North Indian reed instrument used by snake charmers. It consists of two pipes, a melody chanter and a drone, that are attached to a gourd. To produce sound, the player blows into a mouthpiece attached to the top and plays the chanter with his fingers. The reeds are placed inside a protective gourd, so the player’s lips never touch them. The instrument is also known as the Bean.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Japan 78 Hichiriki The Hichiriki is a cylindrical double-reed wind instrument used in the Gagaku (court) music of Japan. It is characterized by its nasal timbre. The instrument has a narrow range but with its large reed there is great flexibility of pitch and embellishment techniques.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Japan Shakuhachi The Shakuhachi is a traditional notched flute from Japan. The end-blown flute has five finger holes and a thumb hole. The instrument is made from the root of the bamboo and is crafted with precision. Although tuned to a pentatonic (five note) scale, by using various fingerings (partial holings) and by controlling the embouchure, the player can produce great flexibility in tone and pitch.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Other Asian Regions Piri The Piri is a Korean double reed instrument used in both the folk and court music of Korea. It is made of bamboo and has seven finger holes. Its large reed and cylindrical bore give it a sound mellower than that of many other types of oboe.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Dvojnice Double Flute Drone This instrument is the second pipe for the Double Flute above. The player begins a tune by playing one pipe to state the melody and the harmony on the drone side is then added.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Tenor Overtone Flute The Fujara is a folk shepherd’s flute originating from the Slovakian mountain region. This Tenor Overtone Flute is often played while standing. Although it has no finger holes, a range of a few octaves can be achieved with the right combination of breath and blocking.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Pennywhistle in Bb Pennywhistles originated in Ireland centuries ago. This pennywhistle is an end-blown flute tuned in the key of Bb, which is the lowest note it is capable of playing. The Bb Pennywhistle is one of the most standard Pennywhistle instruments.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Susato Pennywhistle The Susato Pennywhistle is made of sturdy plastic. Some prefer these whistles not only for their tone, but also because they are less affected by changes in temperature or atmosphere than metal-based whistles. • Range: C4 – C8 Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches Tin Whistle in Bb Another version of the Bb Pennywhistle.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Piccolo Recorder The Piccolo Recorder, or Garklein, is the smallest of all the recorders, approximately six inches in length. Though not used as frequently as other recorders it often serves to fill out chords in ensembles. This instrument is pitched in the key of C.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Diplica The Alto Natural clarinet, or Diplica, is an ancient, clarinet-like instrument from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and parts of Croatia. This single-reed instrument consists of a single wood pipe with seven finger holes.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Duda Bagpipes The Duda is popular throughout Eastern Europe. The chanter of the Duda has a double reed similar to an oboe, and a conical bore with seven finger-holes. This chanter is relatively high pitched and has a range of approximately two octaves.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Uilleann Pipes The Uilleann Pipes are the national bagpipe of Ireland. They are distinguished from other bagpipes as air is not blown with the mouth but rather air is pumped into the bag by means of a bellows attached to the player’s elbow. The instrument is known for its sweet tone and wide range of expression. The instrument has been more recently popularized years in Riverdance.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Europe Irish Flute The Irish Flute is a popular side-blown flute used in traditional Irish music. The basic instrument is a simple wooden flute with six open holes and tuned in the key of D, a widely used key for Irish music.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Latin America 90 Andean Panpipes The Andean Panpipes (or panflutes) is a popular folk instrument in the Andes mountains region of South America. The instrument consists of two rows of bamboo pipes of gradually increasing length, joined together in a bundle and giving the alternate notes of the scale. Each pipe is tuned to a certain note depending on its length.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Latin America Peruvian Panpipes Panpipes have long been a part of the culture of Peru and other Andean regions. This Panpipe instrument has a different range and character than the traditional Andean panpipes. It is played by Peruvian folk musicians of the Andes mountains. Also known as Siku.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Middle East Duduk The Duduk is known for its hauntingly beautiful and expressive tone. This instrument has a small body with a large double reed and is capable of sustaining drone notes for long periods of time. Originally from Armenia, the Duduk can be found throughout Turkey, Persia, and surrounding areas. The instrument has not changed through the centuries and has become popular in recent years.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: North America Fife The Fife is a small, high-pitched, transverse flute used in Appalachian folk music. It is a simple instrument usually consisting of a tube with six finger holes and diatonic tuning. The Fife is similar to a piccolo, but can be louder and shriller due to its narrower bore.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Oceania 94 Conch Shell The Conch Shell, or shell trumpet, is a wind instrument made from a seashell. A hole is carved in the end of the shell and the player blows into the instrument like a trumpet. Polynesian Conch Shell trumpets were historically used throughout the South Pacific. In some Polynesian islands it is known as the Putatara to the Maori. This instrument was featured in the score for the film Alien.
THE WIND INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Oceania Suling 1 The Suling is a four-holed bamboo flute used in Balinese Gamelan orchestras. A notch is cut into the side of the top end and encircled with a thin band made of rattan, leaving a small slit into which the player will blow. The Suling provides one of the most expressive sounds in the Gamelan ensemble.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa 96 Adodo The Adodo is a cluster of small bells shaped like a dumbbell with three bells on either end. It is played by holding the center handle while striking the bells with a stick. This instrument originates from Ghana and is also known as a Flower Bell. • C2-F2 – single hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches African Log Drum The Log Drum is common throughout Africa.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Controller Assignments: Program Description: Africa Basic African Percussion The Basic African Percussion set includes a select Vel (vol/eq), Var combination of African percussion instruments.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa 98 Djembe The Djembe is a popular hand drum from West Africa and literally means “everyone gather together”. The instrument is shaped like a large goblet with skin covering the large end. It is played with bare hands. There are three main notes in the Djembe: bass tone (the lowest), medium tone (a round, full sound), and slap (a high, sharp sound). • C2-G2 – various hits with flat hand, palm, edge, slap and mute.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa Ewe Drums Ewe drums refer to a collection of percussion instruments played by the Ewe people of Ghana, Benin, and Togo. Ewe drum ensembles typically consist of drums, bells, and rattles. The drums in a Ewe ensemble come in several different sizes and typically have wooden conical bodies and are covered with animal skin. The Ewe peoples use these instruments for drum dialoging to mimic the tone of spoken language.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa 100 Kpanlogo 2 Medium A different Kpanlogo instrument that is smaller in size. • C2 – F2 – various hits and slaps Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq Kpanlogo 3 Combo Another Kpanlogo instrument combining different drums. • C2 – C4 – various hits on a different Kpanlogo.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa Gyil The Gyil is a pentatonic mallet instrument from Ghana. It is made of 14 hardwood keys, called liga, mounted on a wooden frame. Below it are hanging gourds and spider web silk that produce a resonating sound. • Range: G3–C7 Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Ibo The Ibo is a “pot drum” from the Ibo and Hausa tribes of Nigeria. Ibo is the Nigerian name for pottery.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa 102 Likembe The Likembe is a kalimba-like instrument from Uganda, the Congo, and Zaire. Also known as a Kisani, this instrument is common throughout the African continent. • C2-A2 – various plucks Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Mbira The Mbira is a thumb piano from Zimbabwe that is similar to the kalimba and likembe.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa Sangban The Sangban is a mid-sized drum in a Doun Doun set of West African bass drums. The drum is carved out of a single piece of wood and both ends are covered with cowskin heads. • C2-E3 – various hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Sanza The Sanza is a thumb piano from Zaire with resonators (rattles of various kinds).
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Africa Udu Drums Udu means “vessel” and the instrument consists of a jug made of clay. It is played with the fingers and the holes are cupped alternately, making sound by compressing and releasing the air inside it, producing a unique and unusual sound. The Udu drum originates from the Ibo and Hausa peoples of Nigeria.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: China Bianzhong The Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese instrument consisting of a large rack of bronze bells, played melodically using poles. • Range is C2–B2 Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Bo Bo are Chinese cymbal instruments often used in Sichuan Opera to accent the movement of the actors. Bo are made of bronze and are played by striking the cymbals together.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: China 106 Temple Bells Temple Bells are often a symbol of peace and good luck in Chinese traditions. The Temple Bells in this collection consist of an assortment of bells played with various beaters. • C2 – C3 – different hits on different bells with varying ringing.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India Basic Indian Percussion This Basic Indian Percussion set includes a set of Indian percussion instruments. • • • • • • • • • C2-D2 – Chenda D#2-C3 – Damroo C#3-D3 – Dhol D#3-C#4 – Dholak D4-G4 – Kanjeera G#4-A#4 – Naal B4-C5 – Nagara C#5-E5 – Tabla F5-G5 – Tamte Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Chenda The Chenda is a hollow cylindrical Indian drum with ends covered with cow hide.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India 108 Dafli The Dafli is an Indian tambourine consisting of a circular wooden or metal ring with a skin drum head. It is often used in weddings and other celebrations and is also known as Dufli or Daf. • C2 – F2 – different hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Damroo The Damroo, or Damru, is a two-sided drum Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, with an hour-glass shape.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India Ghungroo The Ghungroo, or Indian Ankle Bells, consists of a cluster of small bells worn around the ankles of classical dancers to accent rhythmic movements. The pitch of the sounds produced depends on the size and composition of the bells.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India 110 Khol The Khol is a double-sided drum covered with goatskin leather and laced together with leather straps around the circumference of the drum. • C2 – A3 – various hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Manjeera Manjeera are small unpitched cymbals used in folk and devotional music. They are usually made of bronze, brass, or copper and are held and played with the hands.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India Pakhawaj The Pakhawaj is a double-sided barrel drum used in traditional classical music of North India. The instrument is played horizontally set on a cushion in front of a crossed-leg player. The larger bass skin is played with the one hand and the smaller treble skin by the other hand. It is similar to the Mridangam of South India.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: India Tasha The Tasha is a small kettle drum that is played with the hand or with bamboo beaters. The Tasha is used in ceremonial occasions in India. • C2 – G3 – various hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Tavil The Tavil is a round-bodied drum with two Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, skins wrapped around two large hemp hoops Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, on both sides.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Japan Chu-daiko The Chu-daiko is a medium-sized drum that is popular in the Taiko ensemble. The Chu-daiko comes in various sizes. In this collection there are several Chu-daiko (18”, 21”, and 22”).
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Japan 114 Nagado-daiko The Nagado-daiko, meaning “elongated drum,” is one of the most popular taiko drums used in modern groups. It is known for its distinctively deep and resonant tone. The Nagado-daiko is carved from a single piece of wood and comes in a wide range of sizes. The instrument is played a number of ways on a variety of stands.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Japan Shime-daiko The Shime-daiko is a small rope-tensioned drum Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, with animal skin drumheads on both sides. The Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, shime-daiko is played with sticks called “bachi.” FiltFq, Keyswitches The Shime-daiko is often used in Japanese folk music. • C2 – E3 – various hits Tebyoshi The Tebyoshi is a small ashtray-shaped brass cymbal that produces a unique metallic sound.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Other Asian Regions 116 Chabara The Chabara are circular brass cymbals from Korea used in Buddhist rituals and processionals. They are held by cloth handles and played by striking each other. The Chabara produce a clanging sound. The instrument is also known as Jabara.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Other Asian Regions Kompang The Kompang is a shallow wooden frame drum with a goat or cow hide skin. It is played in kompang ensembles throughout Malaysia for processions and to accompany choral singing • C2-C3 – various hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Luo Gong The Luo Gong, or Kai Luo Gong, is a type of bronze gong from Malaysia and is played with a wooden mallet.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Other Asian Regions 118 Tibetan Singing Bowl The Tibetan Singing Bowl produces a characteristic sustaining ringing sound. It is made of metal and played by rubbing or stirring a mallet clockwise around the outside edge or inside surface of the bowl. Singing bowls are often used in Buddhist meditation and prayer. These instruments are also known as Himalayan bowls.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Europe Bodhrán The Bodhrán is a traditional and popular Celtic drum. This single-headed drum consists of a round wooden frame with an animal skin stretched over it. Although common in Irish music, the bodhrán has more recently gained popularity throughout the world.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Latin America 120 Afoxê The Afoxê consists of a gourd shaker (cabaça) wrapped with cords that are strung with beads. The instrument is shaken to produce its sound. • C2-D3 – various shakes Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Agogo Bell Agogo Bells consist of two cone-shaped bells, one larger and one smaller. The instrument is played by striking them with a wooden stick.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Controller Assignments: Program Description: Latin America Bombo The Bombo is an Argentinian drum made of a hollowed tree trunk covered with animal skin. The Bombo is played while hanging to the side of the player and is struck with a mallet or stick. The Bombo sometimes serves as a bass instrument and has a deep and dark tone.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Controller Assignments: Program Description: Latin America Latin Percussion 2 C2 Cabasa (short) C#2 Cabasa (shake) D2 Cabasa (slap) D#2 Guiro (medium - short) F2 Guiro (medium - long) F# Guiro (medium - short) G#2 Guiro (medium - long) A2 Guiro (high - short) B2 Guiro (high - long) C3 Maracas (short) C#3 Maracas (long) D3 Maracas 2 (short) D#3 Maracas 2 (long) E3 Egg Shaker (short) F3 Egg Shaker 2 (short) F#3 Egg Shaker 3 (short) G3 Egg Shaker (medium) G#3 Egg Shaker
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Latin America Teponaxtli The Teponaxtli is a wooden slit drum from central Mexico originally played by the Aztecs and surrounding cultures. It is made from a section of a hollowed hardwood tree trunk and has three slits on its top, cut into the shape of an “H.” The instrument is also known as the Teponaztli.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Middle East Basic Middle East Percussion The Basic Middle East Percussion set includes a select combination of percussion instruments from the Middle East region.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Middle East Dumbek The Dumbek is a very popular drum in the Middle East. It is goblet-shaped with a head stretched over the bowl that can produce a variety of sounds by being played by the hands and fingers.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Middle East Tumbak The Tumbak is a small single-headed drum played throughout Persia and the Middle East. It is shaped like a goblet with the upper half being wider than the lower, similar to the Darbuka. • C2 - F3 – various hits Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches Zarb The Zarb is an Iranian goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with a goatskin.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: North America Powwow Drums The Powwow Drum comes in various sizes. The largest Powwow drum is often played by multiple drummers together in unison sitting in a circle around the drum. The Powwow drum has a large base covered with hide (buffalo, deer, or cow) and produces a deep sound.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Gamelan means orchestra in Balinese and represents the traditional music ensemble of Indonesia. Java and Bali have distinctive Gamelan ensembles and this collection includes both. The instruments in a Gamelan ensemble include a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs, and chimes.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Kantil The Kantil has ten metal keys and is played with wooden mallets. It is the highest-pitched and one of the smallest gangsa instruments. The Kantil often plays the main melody and also interlocking parts. • C2 – D#4 – various hits Kemong See Kenong in Gamelan Java Kendhang The Kendhang drums often provide the underlying beat for the Balinese gamelan orchestra.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Reyong The Reyong consists of a long row of metal gong-chimes (resembling upside-down kettle pots) suspended on cords in a wood frame. Each pot has a different pitch and is played with padded sticks.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Kempul The Kempul is a set of hanging pitched gongs used in Javanese gamelan. Each gong has a flat surface with a protruding knob at the center. The number of Kempul can vary from gamelan to gamelan and the different sizes produce different pitches.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania 132 Pelog Panerus The Pelog Panerus is a metallophone instrument with seven bronze bars placed over a wooden frame—each bar tuned to a different pitch. Javanese music uses two scales: a sevennote scale called pelog, and a five-note scale called slendro.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Slentem The Slentem consists of bronze bars suspended over tube resonators. It has a range of about an octave. Slentem usually have seven bars that are tuned to either the Pelog system or the Slendro system. This instrument usually plays the main melody in a Gemelan ensemble.
THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Program Description: Controller Assignments: Oceania Lava Stones & Rattles (Ili’ili & ‘Uli’uli) Lava Stones, or ili’ili, are played by hula dancers. Lava stones are personal to the player as their size is chosen to fit the player’s hands. Prior to the introduction of the ukulele into Hawaiian music over a century ago, most Hawaiian instruments were percussive. Thus, the main function of the ‘ili‘ili and other Hawaiian instruments is to help maintain the beat.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Bolon The Bolon, also known as the Nbolon, is a bass instrument with four strings. It is made of a gourd body with a bent ngoni-wood neck and twisted rawhide strings. This instrument is played in Guinea and surrounding regions and is used to accompany other instruments. The sound can be described as mellow and full.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Choazhou Guzheng The Choazhou Guzheng is popular in the southern coastal Chinese provinces, Taiwan, and other areas of Southeast Asia. This 17 metal-stringed Guzheng is a smaller version of the common 21to 26-string silk-stringed Guzheng. It has thin gauged strings and moveable bridges to adjust the pitch of each string.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: The Yueqin is also known as the Chinese moon lute and dates back over 2,000 years. “Yue” means “the moon” in Chinese. It is a fretted string instrument with a circular body, short neck and four metal strings played with a plectrum.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Sitar The Sitar is the most popular Indian stringed instrument. The instrument has a long neck with raised frets and a gourd base. Sitars have six or seven melody strings and about thirteen sympathetic strings that act as a drone. The drone notes resonate with the melody notes, giving the Sitar its distinctive sustaining sound. The Sitar is used for playing extended improvised melodies known as ragas.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Koto The Koto is a Japanese zither. It is the largest of the Asian zithers at around six feet in length. The instrument usually has 13 silk strings set upon movable bridges. The Koto is played horizontally and the player plucks the strings using picks attached to his or her fingers.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Dan Tranh The Dan Tranh is a zither-like instrument that is popular in Vietnam. It is similar to a small Chinese Zheng with 17 thin-gauged steel strings and a moveable bridge for each string. The Dan Tranh’s body is made from the Vietnamese wootung tree and has a distinctive bright and clear tone.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Bulgarska Tambura The Bulgarian Tambura is a mandolin-like instrument popular in folk music in the Balkans. The long neck is fretted and the eight strings (four pairs in unison) are played with a pick. • Range: C3 – E6 Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes) Celtic Harp The Celtic harp is the national instrument of Ireland and its history extends over 1000 years.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Mandolin The Mandolin is a lute-like instrument with a teardrop-shaped (or oval) body with a soundhole and a straight fretted neck. The modern versions usually have eight metal strings in four pairs, tuned in unisons or octaves, and are either plucked or strummed in a tremolo. This instrument has become popular in Italy and throughout Europe.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: This Zitter is a ten string dulcimer-like instrument from Slovenia, with fretted bottom strings and the others playing open. The Zitter comes in many sizes and types throughout Europe and is believed to be the ancestor of the Mountain Dulcimer. It is known by various names—Epinette (France), Langspil (Iceland), and Scheitholz (Germany).
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: The Veracruz Harp is popular in the Veracruz region of Mexico and is played in Mariachi bands. It is similar to the South American Harp in appearance and playing technique but usually has a wider body, a deeper tone, and is played standing up rather than sitting.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: The Santoor is a dulcimer-like stringed instrument originating in Iran and is popular throughout the Middle East. Its wooden body is trapezoidal, with narrow sides and a wide soundboard. The instrument’s 72 strings are grouped into 2 to 3 strings per note. The instrument is played with two wooden hammers. One common technique is a bounce stroke where the mallet is bounced across the strings, producing quick repetitions.
THE STRING INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Dulcimer The Dulcimer is a stringed instrument that originates from the Appalachian Mountains of America. The Appalachian Dulcimer is shaped like an hourglass, played on the lap, and has a narrow fingerboard attached to a larger soundbox underneath.
Oceania Rebab The Rebab is a two-stringed bowed instrument used as a melodic voice in the Balinese gamelan. The Rebab’s heart-shaped body is made from wood or coconut shell and is covered with animal gut. The instrument is played with the player sitting cross-legged and holding it in a vertical position. The bow is made from wood and horse hair, similar to a violin bow.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Bullroarer The Bullroarer consists of a piece of wood connected to a long cord. It is played by swinging it lasso-style, over the head, which causes it to spin and make a humming sound. This type of instrument has been used in Hawaii, Polynesia, Native America, and other cultures throughout the world.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Alphorn The Alphorn, used by dwellers in the Swiss Alp Mountains and Alpine regions, is a long hollow tube with a wooden mouthpiece. It is also known as the alpenhorn or alpine horn. • Range: C2 – C6 Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato Concertina The Concertina is a type of small accordion with a unique shape. It typically has buttons on both sides.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: The Italian Mussette Accordion is played throughout Italy. It uses a switch with three reeds (two mids and one high). • Range: C2 – C6 Vel (attack), Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, Bellows, BndSpd, Keyswitches Bandoneón The Bandoneón is a square-built button accordion, commonly used in Argentinean tango. Unlike the typical keyboard accordion, the Bandoneón has buttons on both sides rather than a keyboard.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS ARIA name: Description: Controls: Melodica The melodica is a mouth-blown free-reed instrument consisting of a tube attached to a keyboard. The player blows into the tube while playing the keys of the keyboard. It can be played with articulation and expression like a wind instrument.
Conclusion We have presented the main features of the Garritan World Instruments library. You now have the finest and most comprehensive collection of world instrument at your fingertips.. We cordially invite you to share the music you make with World Instruments with us and with others. Feel free to post your work on the Garritan forum or submit it for inclusion in our demo pages.
Getting Help The first place to look for a solution to any problem you may be experiencing is in this manual. The next best place is the separate ARIA Player manual. Please read these manuals before contacting support. Next, check the readme files (if any) that contain important information and all last-minute changes that were not available when creating this guide. Whenever you encounter problems, you should also check if you have installed the latest updates.
The Garritan Community Learn, Share Music, and Stay up to date I invite you to join the Garritan Community. Owning Garritan libraries and soundware gives you much more than a product. One of the most valu able benefits is membership in the Garritan Community of musicians. The Garritan Forum is where Garritan users from around the world come to discuss everything re lated to soundware and music.
Acknowledgements I would like to thank many people from around the world who have been writing us for more sounds, particularly world instrument sounds. It is encouraging to know there are so many people interested in world music and world instruments. Producing Garritan World Instruments would not have been possible without the combined help, talent, and support of many extraordinary people. I am grateful to those who have contributed and would like to thank them all.
Thanks to Jeannot Welter for the tedious sample editing. Thanks also to Vipin Venugopalan and Gene Nery for editing and looping. And thank you, Lukasz Stasinski, for sample editing. Thanks to Mark Simon and David Burnett for hosting the Garritan Forums on Northern Sounds to exchange ideas and help users support one another.
The World of Sampling and Virtual Instruments Garritan World Instruments is a complete collection of actual high-quality recordings (or samples) of nearly every note of each musical instrument commonly used in a World Instruments context. When Garritan World Instruments is loaded and you play a note on your keyboard, what you hear sounds remarkably like the real thing, because it is an actual recording of an instrument. Developed in the early eighties, sampling technology has grown substantially.
Downloadable Sounds and Other Garritan Libraries Get More Sounds Instantly and Easily! Downoad sounds quickly and easily to expand your musical palette. Simply go to the “Settings” tab in the ARIA Player and click on the “Get More Sounds” button. You’ll be taken to the Garritan Download Shop where you will be able to download additional sounds and libraries.
