G1000 ® Integrated Flight Deck Pilot’s Guide ® G1000 Pilot’s Guide Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street Olathe, KS 66062, U.S.A. p:913.397.8200 f:913.397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc. 2345 Turner Road SE Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. p:503.391.3411 f:503.364.2138 Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan p:886/02.2642.9199 f:886/02.2642.9099 www.garmin.com Piper PA-46 Meridian Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ENGINE INDICATION & CREW ALERTING SYSTEM AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX
Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2011 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0720.12 or later for the Piper Meridian. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A.
LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain avoidance feature. The terrain avoidance feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The terrain avoidance feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance. Terrain data is obtained from third party sources.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: The Garmin G1000, as installed in this aircraft, has a very high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that providing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system failures is not practical. Although unlikely, it may be possible for erroneous operation to occur without a fault indication shown by the G1000.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES CAUTION: The PFD and MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. CLEANERS CONTAINING AMMONIA WILL HARM THE ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING. It is very important to clean the lens using a clean, lint-free cloth and an eyeglass lens cleaner that is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings. CAUTION: The Garmin G1000 does not contain any user-serviceable parts.
REVISION INFORMATION Record of Revisions Part Number 190-00763-00 Revision A Date 1/11/08 190-00763-01 A 3/18/09 - Initial Release with GDU SW Version 9.05 190-00763-02 A 1/14/11 - Initial Release with GDU SW Version 10.01 190-00763-02 Rev. A Page Range Description Initial Release with GDU SW Version 8.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Description.................................................. 1 Line Replaceable Units (LRU).................................. 2 G1000 Controls......................................................... 7 PFD Controls................................................................. 7 MFD/PFD Control Unit.................................................. 10 AFCS Controls..............................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS IDENT Function......................................................... 134 Flight ID Reporting.................................................... 135 4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions...................... 136 Power-Up.................................................................. 136 Mono/Stereo Headsets............................................... 136 Speaker.................................................................... 136 Intercom......................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.4 Terrain-SVS............................................................ 357 Displaying Terrain-SVS Data........................................ 358 Terrain-SVS Page....................................................... 361 Terrain-SVS Alerts...................................................... 363 6.5 TAWS-B.................................................................. 368 Displaying TAWS-B Data............................................. 369 TAWS-B Alerts.......................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.7 Scheduler............................................................... 513 8.8 Abnormal Operation............................................ 515 SVS Troubleshooting.................................................. 515 Reversionary Mode.................................................... 515 Unusual Attitudes...................................................... 516 APPENDICES Annunciations and Alerts.............................................. 519 CAS Messages...................
TABLE OF CONTENTS BlankPage x Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section provides an overview of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Piper Meridian. The G1000 system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation, communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU) AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • GDU 1040 (2) – Each unit is configured as a PFD that features a 10.4-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution. The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one installed on the right/copilot side is designated as PFD2. These units communicate with each other, the MFD, and with the on-side GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • GDC 74A (2) – Processes data from the pitot/static system as well as the OAT probe. This unit provides pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed and OAT information to the G1000 system, and it communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, on-side GDU 1040 and on-side GRS 77, using an ARINC 429 digital interface (it also interfaces directly with the on-side GTP 59). The GDC 74A is designed to operate in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • GMA 1347 (2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual control of the display reversionary mode (red DISPLAY BACKUP button) and communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GTP 59 (2) – Provides Outside Air Temperature (OAT) data to the on-side GDC 74A. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • GSA 81 (4) and GSM 85 (4) – The GSA 81 servos are used for the automatic control of roll, pitch, and yaw, and pitch trim. These units interface with each GIA 63W. The GSM 85A servo gearbox is responsible for transferring the output torque of the GSA 81 servo actuator to the mechanical flight-control surface linkage.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GMC 710 GWX 68 GDU 1040 EICAS (PFD #1) GDL 69A GCU 476 GDU 1040 (PFD #2) GDU 1500 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS (MFD) GMA 1347 #1 GMA 1347 #2 GMU 44 #1 GMU 44 #2 HAZARD AVOIDANCE GRS 77 #1 GRS 77 #2 ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS GIA 63W #1 GIA 63W #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/WAAS G/S GDC 74A #1 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GTP 59 #1 GDC 74A #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/WAAS G/S GTP 59 #2 AFCS Mode Logic Flight
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.3 G1000 CONTROLS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The Audio Panel (GMA 1347) and AFCS controls (GMC 710) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel and AFCS sections respectively. The G1000 system controls are located on the PFD bezels, MFD/PFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio panel. The controls for the PFD and MFD are discussed within the following pages of this section.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 6 EICAS 7 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 8 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 10 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 9 Turn to change map range Press to activate Map Pointer for map panning Turn large knob for altimeter barometric pressure setting CRS/BARO Knob Turn small knob to adjust course (only when HSI is in VOR or OBS Mode) Press to re-center the CDI and return course pointer directly TO bearing of active waypoint/station Turn to tune COM transceiver standby frequencies (large knob fo
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW The NAV, CRS/BARO, COM, FMS, and ALT knobs are concentric dual knobs, each having small (inner) and large (outer) control portion. When a portion of the knob is not specified in the text, either may be used. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Large (Outer) Knob Small (Inner) Knob EICAS Figure 1-3 Dual Concentric Knob AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD/PFD CONTROL UNIT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The optional MFD/PFD Control Unit is a pedestal-mounted user interface allowing for ease of data entry, MFD/PFD operation, and NAV/COM tuning. Many procedures in this Pilot’s Guide can be performed using the MFD/PFD Control Unit rather than the display bezel controls. Indicators above the PFD, MFD, NAV, and COM keys are illuminated when their respective control mode(s) are selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW PROC Key 7 BKSP Key Moves cursor back one character space and removes last character entered 8 SPC Key Adds a space character 9 ENT Key Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry 10 CLR Key 11 SEL Key Erases information, cancels entries, or removes menus Press and hold to display the MFD Navigation Map Page (MFD only).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW AFCS CONTROLS NOTE: With the exception of the FD and SPD Keys, if a key is selected, its respective annunciator is 1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16 5 6 7 13 12 8 AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS illuminated. 15 14 11 10 9 Figure 1-5 AFCS Control Unit (GMC 710) 1 HDG Key – Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode. 2 APR Key – Selects/deselects Approach Mode. 3 NAV Key – Selects/deselects Navigation Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ALT SEL Knob – Sets the selected altitude in the Selected Altitude Box. In addition to providing the standard G1000 altitude alerter function, selected altitude provides an altitude setting for the Altitude Capture/Hold mode of the AFCS. 14 YD Key – Engages/disengages the yaw damper. 15 AP Key – Engages/disengages the autopilot. 16 BANK Key – Selects/deselects Low Bank Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 18 19 20 21 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 17 22 23 24 AFCS Figure 1-6 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347) INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 14 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SPKR – Selects and deselects the cabin speaker (if installed). COM and NAV receiver audio can be heard on the speaker. 11 MKR/MUTE – Selects marker beacon receiver audio. Mutes the currently received marker beacon receiver audio. Unmutes automatically when new marker beacon audio is received. Also, stops play of recorded COM audio. 12 HI SENS – Press to increase marker beacon receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to low sensitivity.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating the navigation database. NOTE: Ensure that the G1000 system is powered off before inserting the SD card. EICAS The GDU 1040 and GDU 1500 data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right portion of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.5 SYSTEM POWER-UP NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for AHRS initialization bank angle limitations. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: See the Appendices for additional information regarding system-specific annunciations and alerts. NOTE: See the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for specific procedures concerning avionics power EICAS application and emergency power supply operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The displays are connected together via multiple data busses, thus allowing for high-speed communication. As shown in Figure 1-1, each GIA 63W is connected to the on-side PFD. This section discusses the normal and reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the G1000 system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW • PFD1 failure – MFD and PFD2 remain in normal mode. • MFD failure – Both PFDs automatically switch to reversionary mode. • PFD2 failure – MFD and PFD1 remain in normal mode. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 1-11 Reversionary Mode FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Reversionary mode can be activated manually by pressing the dedicated DISPLAY BACKUP button at the bottom of the audio panel (see Figure 1-12 and refer to the Audio Panel section for further details).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW AHRS OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for specific AHRS alert information. NOTE: Aggressive maneuvering while AHRS is not operating normally may degrade AHRS accuracy.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS INPUT FAILURE NOTE: In-flight initialization of AHRS, when operating without any valid source of GPS data and at true FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS air speed values greater than approximately 200 knots, is not guaranteed. Under these rare conditions, it is possible for in-flight AHRS initialization to take an indefinite amount of time which would result in an extended period of time where valid AHRS outputs are unavailable.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GDC 74A Air Data Computer GRS 77 AHRS Or GMU 44 Magnetometer AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS GEA 71 Engine Airframe Unit Or GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units GTX 33/33D Transponder Or GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units FLIGHT MANAGEMENT GDC 74A Air Data Computer Figure 1-15 G1000 System Failure Annunciations HAZARD AVOIDANCE SOFTKEY FUNCTION The softkey
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW PFD SOFTKEYS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The CDI, IDENT, TMR/REF, NRST, and MSG Softkeys undergo a momentary change to black text on gray background and automatically switch back to white text on black background when selected. If messages remain after acknowledgement, the MSG Softkey is black on white. The PFD softkeys provide control over flight management functions, including GPS, NAV, terrain, traffic, and lightning (optional).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW DFLTS Resets PFD to default settings, including changing units to standard WIND OPTN 1 OPTN 2 OPTN 3 Displays softkeys to select wind data parameters Headwind/tailwind and crosswind arrows with numeric speed components Wind direction arrow and numeric speed Wind direction arrow with headwind/tailwind and crosswind numeric speed components Information not displayed Displays/removes the DME Information Window (optional) Cycles the Bearing 1 Infor
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW TMR/REF NRST MSG FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activates the Special Position Identification (SPI) pulse for 18 seconds, identifying the transponder return on the ATC screen Displays Timer/References Window Displays Nearest Airports Window Displays Messages Window IDENT (optional) MSG EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 1-17 Top Level PFD Softkeys FLIGHT MANAGEMENT (optional) MSG (optional) TRFC-1 HAZARD AVOIDANCE (optional) (optional) MSG STRMSCP AFCS Select the BACK Softke
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW SENSOR PFD OBS CDI DFLTS WIND DME1 BRG1 HSI FMT (optional) DME XPDR BRG2 DME2 NAV1 NAV2 GPS GPS OFF OFF AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS SYN VIS INSET 360 HSI FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPTN2 OPTN3 TMR/REF NRST MSG ALT UNIT STD BARO BACK MSG Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys ARC HSI METERS OPTN1 IDENT IN HPA OFF PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS BACK MSG BACK MSG BACK MSG BACK MSG
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD SOFTKEYS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE SHW CHRT CHKLIST EICAS TERRAIN AIRWAYS (Default label is dependent on map setup option selected) STRMSCP NEXRAD XM LTNG BACK DCLTR (3) Enables second-level Navigation Map softkeys Displays traffic information on Navigation Map Displays topographical data (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS RECEIVER OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS1 provides information to the pilot-side PFD and GPS2 provides data to the copilot-side PFD. Internal system checking is performed to ensure both GPS receivers are providing accurate data to the PFDs. In some circumstances, both GPS receivers may be providing accurate data, but one receiver may be providing a better GPS solution than the other receiver.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Satellite Signal Information Status GPS Receiver Status SYSTEM OVERVIEW Satellite Constellation Diagram RAIM Availability Prediction FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS SBAS Selected AUDIO PANEL & CNS Satellite Signal Strength Bars FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SBAS Softkey Selected RAIM Softkey Selected HAZARD AVOIDANCE GPS Selection Softkeys Figure 1-23 GPS Status Page (RAIM or SBAS Selected) The GPS Status Page provides the following information: • Satellite constellation diagram AFCS Satellites
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW The current calculated GPS position, time, altitude, ground speed, and track for the aircraft are displayed below the satellite signal accuracy measurements. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the receiver is in the process of acquiring a 3D differential GPS solution, 3D NAV is indicated as the solution until the 3D differential fix has finished acquisition. SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) indicates INACTIVE.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW a) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan). b) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to display the NRST, RECENT, or AIRWAY waypoints, if required. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS c) Turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select the desired waypoint. The G1000 automatically fills in the identifier, facility, and city fields with the information for the selected waypoint.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Disabling SBAS 1) Select the GPS Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) If necessary, select the SBAS Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob. ‘WAAS’ is highlighted. 4) Press the ENT Key to uncheck the box. 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS • GPS Satellite Signal Strengths The GPS Status Page can be helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.7 ACCESSING G1000 FUNCTIONALITY MENUS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS The G1000 has a MENU Key that, when pressed, displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows the user to access additional features or make settings changes which specifically relate to the currently displayed window/page. There is no all-encompassing menu. Some menus provide access to additional submenus that are used to view, edit, select, and review options.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Information on the MFD is presented on pages which are grouped according to function. In the bottom right corner of the screen, a page group window is displayed by turning either FMS Knob. The page group tabs are displayed along the bottom of the window. The page titles are displayed in a list above the page group tabs. The current page group and current page within the group are shown in light blue.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Map Pages (MAP) Navigation Map Traffic Map Weather Radar EICAS Stormscope®(optional) Weather Data Link (service optional) AUDIO PANEL & CNS Terrain Figure 1-27 Map Pages FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Waypoint Pages (WPT) Airport Information pages HAZARD AVOIDANCE - Airport Information (INFO-1 Softkey) - Airport Directory Information (INFO-2 Softkey) - Departure Information (DP Softkey) AFCS - Arrival Information (STAR Softkey) ADDITIONAL FEATURES - Ap
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Auxiliary Pages (AUX) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Weights, Fuel, Exceedances Trip Planning Utility GPS Status EICAS System Setup XM Satellite pages XM Satellite Pages AUDIO PANEL & CNS - XM Information (INFO Softkey) - XM Radio (RADIO Softkey) System Status HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 1-29 Auxiliary Pages Nearest Pages (NRST) Nearest Airports AFCS Nearest Intersections Nearest NDB Nearest VOR ADDITIONAL FEATURES Nearest User Waypoints Nearest Frequencies
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Flight Plan Pages are accessed using the FPL Key. Main pages within this group are selected by turning the small FMS Knob.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD SYSTEM PAGES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the Auxiliary (AUX) Page Group, there are two system pages: System Setup (page 5 of 7) and System Status (page 7 of 7). The System Setup Page allows management of various system parameters, while the System Status Page displays the status of all G1000 system LRUs. SYSTEM SETUP PAGE G1000 system settings are managed from the System Setup Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Date/Time FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 obtains the current Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) date and time directly from the GPS satellite signals (shown on the AUX - GPS Status Page, Figure 1-23). System time (displayed in the lower right corner of the PFD) can be displayed in three formats: local 12-hr, local 24-hr, or UTC. Local time is set by adding/subtracting an offset (hours:minutes) to/from UTC.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pilot Profiles HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System settings may be saved under a pilot profile. When the system is powered on, the last selected pilot profile is shown on the MFD Power-up Splash Screen (Figure 1-9).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Or: Use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CREATE and ACTIVATE’ and press the ENT Key to activate the new profile. SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9) To cancel the process, select ‘CANCEL’ with the large FMS Knob and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting an active profile: 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the active profile field in the Pilot Profile Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Display Units FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Units in which various quantities are displayed on the G1000 screens are listed on the System Setup Page. The Navigation Angle reference, the Temperature units, and the Position units can be set from here.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Arrival Alerts FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Arrival Alert Box on the System Setup Page allows arrival alerts to be turned on/off and the alert trigger distance set. An arrival alert can be set to notify the pilot with a message upon reaching a userspecified distance from the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan). Once the set distance (up to 99.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS PAGE HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The System Status Page displays the status and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs. Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed. Active LRUs are indicated by green check marks and failed LRUs are indicated by red “X”s. Failed LRUs should be noted and a service center or Garmin dealer informed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW UTILITY PAGE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS For flight planning purposes, timers, trip statistics, and a scheduler feature are provided on the AUX Utility Page. The timers available include a stopwatch-like generic timer, a total time in flight timer, and a record of the time of departure. Trip statistics—odometer, trip odometer, and average trip and maximum groundspeeds—are displayed from the time of the last reset.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Setting the generic timer (PFD): 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the timer field (hh/mm/ss). 3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time and press the ENT Key. 4) With the UP/DN field highlighted, turn the small FMS Knob to select the timer counting direction (UP/DN) and press the ENT Key. 6) With ‘START?’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to start the timer. The field changes to ‘STOP?’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Figure 1-41 Timers (MFD AUX - Utility Page) AUDIO PANEL & CNS The flight timer can be set to count up from zero starting at system power-up or from the time that the aircraft lifts off; the timer can also be reset to zero at any time. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Setting the flight timer starting criterion 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Resetting the departure time 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Use the FMS Knob to highlight ‘Reset Departure Time’ and press the ENT Key. Trip Statistics EICAS The odometer and trip odometer record the total mileage traveled from the last reset; these odometers can be reset independently. Resetting the trip odometer also resets the average trip groundspeed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW Entering a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the first empty scheduler message naming field. 4) Use the FMS Knob to enter the message text to be displayed in the Alerts Window and press the ENT Key. 5) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the field next to ‘Type’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Scheduler messages appear in the Alerts Window on the PFD and cause the ALERTS Softkey label to change to ‘ADVISORY’. Pressing the ADVISORY Softkey opens the Alerts Window and acknowledges the scheduler message. The softkey reverts to the ‘ALERTS’ label and when pressed, the Alerts Window is removed from the display and the scheduler message is deleted from the message queue.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.8 DISPLAY BACKLIGHTING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The PFD and MFD display backlighting, the PFD and MFD bezel, and the Audio Panel keys can be adjusted manually in one of two ways: • Using the individual dimmer bus control for the desired display, or • Using the PFD Setup Menu and the following procedures. In normal operating mode, backlighting can only be adjusted from the PFDs. In reversionary mode, adjustments can be made from any remaining displays.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM OVERVIEW BlankPage 52 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: In the event that the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup instruments. NOTE: The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) provides additional readouts and bugs on selected flight instruments. Refer to the AFCS Section for details on these bugs and readouts, as they appear on the display during certain AFCS flight director modes.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 23 22 21 20 1 19 18 17 2 EICAS 16 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 6 11 7 10 APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE 8 9 1 NAV Frequency Box 13 Turn Rate Indicator 2 Airspeed Indicator 14 Barometric Altimeter Setting 3 True Airspeed 15 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 4 Current Heading 16 Selected Altitude Bug 5 Selected Heading Bug 17 Altimeter 6 Horizontal Situation Indic
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 16 15 14 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1 13 EICAS 12 11 2 10 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 3 9 4 8 5 Traffic Annunciation 2 Vspeed Reference 3 7 Selected Heading 10 Selected Course 4 Wind Data 11 Current Vertical Speed 5 Inset Map 12 Required Vertical Speed Indicator 6 DME Information Window 13 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) 7 Bearing Information Windows 14 VNV Target Altitude 8 Flight Plan Window 15 Terrain Annunciation 16 AFCS Status Annunciation
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AIRSPEED INDICATOR NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for speed criteria and Vspeed values. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. The true airspeed is displayed in knots below the Airspeed Indicator.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Speeds (VR, VX, VY, F10, F20, and F36) cannot be changed, however the speed flags can be turned on/off from the Timer/References Window. When active (on), the speed flags are displayed at their respective locations to the right of the airspeed scale. By default, all speed flags are turned off when power is cycled. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Turning desired speeds flags on/off: 1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ATTITUDE INDICATOR FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white horizon line. The Attitude Indicator displays the pitch (indicated by a yellow symbolic airplane on the pitch scale), roll, and slip/ skid information.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ALTIMETER FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20 feet. The current altitude is displayed in the black pointer. The Selected Altitude is displayed above the Altimeter in the box indicated by a selection bug symbol.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected and current altitudes can also be displayed in meters (readouts displayed above the normal readouts in feet; Figure 2-10). Note that the altitude tape does not change scale. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying altitude in meters: 1) Select the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys. 2) Select the ALT UNIT Softkey. 3) Select the METERS Softkey to turn on metric altitude readouts. 4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the barometric altimeter settings differ between PFDs by more than 0.02 in Hg, the readouts turn yellow. Once the settings are synchronized (BARO SYNC turned on), they remain synchronized for the entire flight. Synchronizing the altimeter barometric pressure settings: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Select the AUX - System Setup Page using the FMS Knob. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Baro Transition Alert is provided to alert the pilot to change the barometric pressure setting when crossing the transition altitude (in either direction). This is displayed by the barometric pressure setting flashing light blue when crossing the transition altitude. The flashing alert stops when the barometric pressure setting is changed. Setting the Baro Transition Alert: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI; Figure 2-13) displays the aircraft vertical speed with numeric labels and tick marks at 2000 and 4000 fpm in each direction on the non-moving tape. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 1000 fpm. The current vertical speed is displayed in the pointer, which also points to that speed on the non-moving tape.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) displays a rotating compass in a heading-up orientation. Letters indicate the cardinal points and numeric labels occur every 30˚. Major tick marks are at 10˚ intervals and minor tick marks at 5˚ intervals. A digital reading of the current heading appears on top of the HSI, and the current track is represented on the HSI by a magenta diamond bug and a dashed gray line.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Selected Heading is shown to the upper left of the HSI for 3 seconds after being adjusted The light blue bug on the compass rose corresponds to the Selected Heading. Adjusting the Selected Heading: Turn the HDG Knob to set the Selected Heading. Press the HDG Knob to synchronize the bug to the current heading. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Selected Course is shown to the upper right of the HSI for 3 seconds after being adjusted.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 2-19 Navigation Angle Settings (AUX-System Setup Page) HAZARD AVOIDANCE TURN RATE INDICATOR AFCS The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass card. Tick marks to the left and right of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the current turn rate.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW BEARING POINTERS AND INFORMATION WINDOWS NOTE: ADF radio installation is optional. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Two bearing pointers and associated information can be displayed on the HSI for NAV, GPS, and ADF sources. The pointers are light blue and are single- (BRG1) or double-lined (BRG2); an icon is shown in the respective information window to indicate the pointer type.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the NAV radio is the bearing source and is tuned to an ILS frequency (refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for information on tuning the radios), the bearing pointer is removed from the HSI and the frequency is replaced with “ILS”. When NAV1 or NAV2 is the selected bearing source, the frequency is replaced by the station identifier when the station is within range.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation scale to display aircraft position relative to the course. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI is not displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Changing navigation sources: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the CDI Softkey again to change from VOR1 or LOC1 to VOR2 or LOC2. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV2 standby frequency. 1) Select the CDI Softkey to change from GPS to VOR1 or LOC1. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV1 standby frequency in the upper left corner of the PFD. 3) Select the CDI Softkey a third time to return to GPS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the same VOR/LOC navigation source is selected on both PFDs, the navigation source annunciation turns yellow on both displays (unless synchronized). Once the CDIs are synchronized (CDI SYNC turned on), they remain synchronized for the entire flight. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Synchronizing the CDIs: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GPS CDI SCALING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When GPS is the selected navigation source, the flight plan legs are sequenced automatically and annunciations appear on the HSI for the flight phase. Flight phase annunciations are normally shown in magenta, but when cautionary conditions exist the color changes to yellow. If the current leg in the flight plan is a heading leg, ‘HDG LEG’ is annunciated in magenta beneath the aircraft symbol.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Enroute (Oceanic if >200 nm from nearest airport) Terminal Approach 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm 0.3 nm 1.0 nm Terminal EICAS Departure Refer to accompanying approach CDI scaling figures FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CDI Full-scale Deflection When set to ‘Auto’ (default), the GPS CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the current phase of flight (Figure 2-27, Table 2-2).
2 nm FAF CDI scale varies if VTF is activated 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 2 nm FAF EICAS angle based on database information course width angle set by system CDI Full-scale Deflection 0.3 nm 1.0 nm CDI scale is set to the smaller of 0.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW OBS MODE NOTE: VNV is inhibited while automatic waypoint sequencing has been suspended. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Enabling Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode suspends the automatic sequencing of waypoints in a GPS flight plan (GPS must be the selected navigation source), but retains the current “active-to” waypoint as the navigation reference even after passing the waypoint. ‘OBS’ is annunciated to the lower right of the aircraft symbol when OBS Mode is selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is suspended. ‘SUSP’ appears on the HSI (to the lower right of the aircraft symbol) in place of ‘OBS’ and the OBS Softkey label changes to SUSP.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA NOTE: Selecting the DFLTS Softkey (a second-level PFD softkey) turns off metric Altimeter display, the Inset FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Map, and wind data display. In addition to the flight instruments, the PFD also displays various supplemental information, including temperatures, wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WIND DATA Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 No Data FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Wind direction and speed (relative to the aircraft) in knots can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window shows “NO WIND DATA”. Wind data can be displayed in three different ways.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNV) INDICATIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RVSI, VDI) appear on the PFD in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” message and “Vertical track” voice alert. See the Flight Management and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-3.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.3 PFD ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTING FUNCTIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to the EICAS Section for information on the Crew Alerting System (CAS) and to Appendix A for more information on alerts and annunciations. SYSTEM ALERTING AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS The System Messages Window conveys messages to the flight crew regarding problems with the G1000 System.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW TRAFFIC ANNUNCIATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Traffic is displayed symbolically on the Inset Map (PFD), the Navigation Map Page (MFD), and various other MFD page maps. Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section and Appendix F for more details about the Traffic Information Service (TIS).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTITUDE ALERTING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Altitude Alerting function provides visual and audio alerts when approaching the Selected Altitude. Whenever the Selected Altitude is changed, the Altitude Alerter is reset. Altitude Alerting is based on the altitude information shown on PFD1. Altitude Alerting is independent of the AFCS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE/DECISION HEIGHT ALERTING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS For altitude awareness, a Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) based on barometric altitude can be set. When active, the altitude setting is displayed to the lower left of the Altimeter and with a bug at the corresponding altitude along the Altimeter (once the altitude is within the visible range of the tape).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MARKER BEACON ANNUNCIATIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Marker Beacon Annunciations are displayed on the PFD to the left of the Selected Altitude. Outer marker reception is indicated in blue, middle in amber, and inner in white. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information on Marker Beacon Annunciations.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS ABNORMAL GPS CONDITIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The annunciations listed in Table 2-4 can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur; see Figure 2-42 for examples. Refer to the Flight Management Section for more information on Dead Reckoning (DR) Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS UNUSUAL ATTITUDES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the aircraft enters an unusual pitch attitude, red extreme pitch warning chevrons pointing toward the horizon are displayed on the Attitude Indicator, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the horizon line.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 3 ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (EICAS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for limitations.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the event of a display failure, depending on the failed display(s), the display(s) operating in Reversionary Mode may be re-configured to present Primary Flight Display (PFD) symbology together with engine and CAS information (refer to the System Overview for more information about Reversionary Mode).
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 3.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS information is presented using gauges, horizontal and vertical bar indicators, slide bars, and digital readouts. Green ranges on the instrument scales indicate normal ranges of operation; yellow and red bands indicate caution and warning, respectively. During normal operating conditions, an instrument’s title appears in white and the readout text is green.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW PROPELLER RPM GAUGE Propeller speed is shown in revolutions per minute (rpm). If a propeller underspeed or overspeed occurs a warning is issued. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Figure 3-7 Propeller RPM Gauge GENERATOR SPEED GAUGE AUDIO PANEL & CNS Generator speed is indicated as a percentage of maximum safe operating speed (rpm). If the generator speed exceeds the maximum a warning condition occurs.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM CABIN PRESSURIZATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Cabin pressurization information (cabin altitude, rate of change, and differential cabin pressure) is shown at the top of the right EICAS column. Only readouts for cabin altitude and pressure differential are displayed in Reversionary Mode. EICAS Cabin altitude (ALT FT) is shown on a color-coded vertical scale with a readout (in feet) displayed below.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW ELECTRICAL INFORMATION DC current for the alternator (pointer labeled “A”) and generator (pointer labeled “G”) and voltage for the DC bus are shown along color-coded horizontal scales, with readouts to the right.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM ENGINE EXCEEDANCES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The exceedance of engine parameters is displayed on the AUX - Weights, Fuel, Exceedances Page. Located in the Exceedances box are the UTC date and time the exceedance occurred, the parameter which was exceeded, the peak and duration. Up to 8 exceedances can be displayed; when more than 8 parameters are exceeded, the scroll bar appears to the right of the box.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 3.2 CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (CAS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for emergency procedures. NOTE: Aural alerts associated with abnormal conditions and advisories are managed through the audio panels. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM CAS MESSAGES AND PRIORITIZATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for corrective pilot actions. NOTE: Any CAS messages that are generated when the system is first powered on are considered already acknowledged. They do not flash or trigger the Master Warning or Master Caution. NOTE: Red warning messages cannot be scrolled through and remain at the top of the CAS display.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Warning Messages Description EICAS ALTERNATOR FAIL Alternator has failed ALTERNATOR OFF Alternator is off ALTERNATOR AMPS Alternator current is too high BLEED OVERTEMP Bleed over temperature CABIN ALT 12000 Cabin altitude above 12,000 feet CABIN DIFF PRESS Differential cabin pressure is high DOOR AJAR Door is ajar ENGINE FIRE Engine fire FLAP FAIL A flap system failure has occurred FUEL IMBALANCE Fuel imbalance is over 125 lbs
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM Caution Messages Description BETA CABIN ALT 10000 CHIP DETECT PITOT HEAT OFF Propeller is operating in Beta mode Cabin altitude is above 10,000 feet Chip detect Propeller is feathered or a failure has occurred in the feather system Fire detection system has failed Fuel filter approaching bypass and requires maintenance Fuel imbalance is over 40 lbs Fuel quantity is less than 180 lbs Hydraulic pump is on.
ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW ALTERNATOR OFF BETA DOOR AJAR EMER BLEED ON FEATHER Description FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Advisory Messages Alternator is off Propeller is operating in Beta mode EICAS Door is ajar Emergency bleed is on Propeller is feathered Left or right fuel pump is on. Inhibited if fuel pump is on for L/R* FUEL PUMP ON fuel autobalance when imbalance is less than 40 lbs.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Blank Page 100 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4.1 OVERVIEW The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the Audio Panels, communication radios, navigation radios, and Mode S transponders. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description of the Audio Panels and CNS system interconnection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD CONTROLS AND FREQUENCY DISPLAY 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1 9 10 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 11 12 INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS Figure 4-1 PFD Controls, COM/NAV Frequency Tuning Boxes, and DME Tuning Window 102 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS NAV Frequency Box – Displays NAV standby and active frequency fields, volume, and station ID. The frequency of the NAV radio selected for navigation is displayed in green. 5 COM Frequency Box – Displays COM standby and active frequency fields and volume. The selected COM transceiver frequency is displayed in green. 6 COM Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the COM transceiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 18 19 20 21 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 17 22 23 24 AFCS Figure 4-2 Audio Panel Controls INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 104 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SPKR – Selects and deselects the cabin speaker. COM and NAV receiver audio can be heard on the speaker. 11 MKR/MUTE – Selects marker beacon receiver audio. Mutes the currently received marker beacon receiver audio. Unmutes automatically when new marker beacon audio is received. Also, stops play of recorded COM audio. 12 HI SENS – Press to increase marker beacon receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to low sensitivity. 13 DME – Turns DME audio on or off.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS MFD/PFD CONTROL UNIT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The MFD/PFD Control Unit is a pedestal-mounted interface allowing MFD/PFD operation, data entry, COM and NAV tuning, and transponder control. Many procedures can be performed using the MFD/PFD Control Unit rather than the PFD display bezel controls. Annunciators above the PFD, MFD, NAV, and COM keys are illuminated when their respective control modes are selected. The unit is in MFD control mode by default on system power-up.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4 ENT Key – Validates or confirms a menu selection or data entry. 5 CLR Key – Erases information, cancels entries, or removes menus. 6 SEL Key – Arrows move light blue Softkey Selection Box on selected display. Press the center to activate the selected softkey 7 Decimal Key – Enters a decimal point. 8 NAV Key – Selects NAV radio tuning mode on the MFD/PFD Control Unit.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.2 COM OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM TRANSCEIVER SELECTION AND ACTIVATION NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active. NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active EICAS COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW TRANSMIT/RECEIVE INDICATIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second. During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Manual frequency tuning from the MFD/PFD Control Unit 1) Press the COM Key to select the COM frequency box. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Turn the NAV/COM Knob to tune the desired frequency in the COM Tuning Box (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz). 3) Press the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency to the active field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small COM Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Press the COM Knob to Switch the Tuning Box From One COM Radio to the Other EICAS Figure 4-9 Switching COM Tuning Boxes AUDIO PANEL & CNS QUICK-TUNING AND ACTIVATING 121.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM frequencies can be automatically tuned from the following: • Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX) • WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page • NRST – Nearest Airports Page AUTO-TUNING FROM THE PFD EICAS COM frequencies for the nearest airports can be automatically tuned from the Nearest Airports Window on the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD Frequencies can be automatically loaded into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-12, 4-13, and 4-14). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages: 1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the MFD Key and the FMS Knob on the control unit or select the appropriate softkey.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Or: 1) On the Nearest Airports, Frequencies, or Airspaces page, press the MENU Key to display the page menu. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor on the desired selection. 4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob. 5) Press the ENT Key to load the COM frequency into the standby field of the selected COM radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW On the WPT - Airport Information Page, the cursor can be placed on the frequency field by pressing the FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. The frequency is transferred to the COM Standby Field with the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FREQUENCY SPACING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected, all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup Page of the AUX Page Group. 25-kHz Channel Spacing EICAS 8.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTOMATIC SQUELCH FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. When Automatic Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is always on. Continuous static noise is heard over the headsets and speaker, if selected. Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4.3 NAV OPERATION NAV RADIO SELECTION AND ACTIVATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left. EICAS A NAV radio is selected for navigation by selecting the CDI Softkey located on the PFD. The active NAV frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NAV radios are selected for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the NAV1, NAV2, ADF, or DME Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All radios can be selected individually or simultaneously.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Press the NAV Knob to Switch the Tuning Box From One NAV Radio to the Other EICAS Figure 4-23 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes AUDIO PANEL & CNS VOR/LOC ID When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active NAV frequency.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTO-TUNING A NAV FREQUENCY FROM THE MFD FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUDIO PANEL AND CNS • WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX) • NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces NAV frequencies can be selected and loaded from the following MFD pages: • WPT – Airport Information • NRST – Nearest VOR EICAS The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5) Press the Frequency Transfer Key on either PFD to transfer the frequency to the NAV Active Frequency Field or press the NAV Key on the control unit to select the NAV frequency box and then the Frequency Transfer Key to transfer the frequency. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Or: 1) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key to display the page menu. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. The FMS Knob or ENT Key is used to scroll through the list. The cursor is placed on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and loaded into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key. Press the ENT Key to Load the Frequency into the NAV Standby Field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW While enroute, NAV frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airports, WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING NAV FREQUENCIES ON APPROACH ACTIVATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach. NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the Flight Management Section for details.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW MARKER BEACON RECEIVER NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be turned FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS off. The marker beacon receiver is used as part of the ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS DME TUNING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: When another auxiliary window is turned on, the DME Tuning Window is replaced on the PFD. NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequency used for DME tuning and the NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD state prior to shutdown. EICAS The G1000 System tunes the optional DME transceiver. The UHF DME frequency is tuned by pairing with a VHF NAV frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4.4 GTX 33/33D MODE S TRANSPONDERS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The GTX 33 Mode S Transponder and GTX 33D Diversity Mode S Transponder provide Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities. Diversity incorporates antennas mounted on the top and bottom of the aircraft for dependable operation while maneuvering.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT GND VFR XPDR IDENT CODE IDENT BACK MSG Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. EICAS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK MSG AUDIO PANEL & CNS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW GROUND MODE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Ground Mode is normally selected automatically when the aircraft is on the ground. The transponder powers up in the last mode it was in when shut down. Ground Mode can be overridden by selecting any one of the Mode Selection Softkeys. A green GND indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUDIO PANEL AND CNS If Altitude Mode is selected, a green ALT indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box, and all transponder replies requesting altitude information are provided with pressure altitude information. Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Altitude Mode may also be selected manually by selecting the ALT Softkey.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENTERING A TRANSPONDER CODE Entering a transponder code with softkeys: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys. 2) Select the CODE Softkey to display the Transponder Code Selection Softkeys, for digit entry. EICAS 3) Select the digit softkeys to enter the code in the code field.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS VFR CODE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The VFR code can be entered either manually or by selecting the XPDR Softkey, then the VFR Softkey. When the VFR Softkey is selected, the pre-programmed VFR code is automatically displayed in the code field of the Transponder Data Box. Selecting the VFR Softkey again restores the previous identification code. The pre-programmed VFR Code is set at the factory to 1200.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT ID REPORTING NOTE: If the Flight ID is required but the system is not configured for it, contact a Garmin-authorized service FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS center for configuration. When the Flight ID must be entered before flight operation, the identifier is placed in the Timer/References Window on the PFD. The Flight ID is not to exceed seven characters. No space is needed when entering Flight ID.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.5 ADDITIONAL AUDIO PANEL FUNCTIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS POWER-UP The Audio Panel performs a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to those in use before the unit was last turned off. MONO/STEREO HEADSETS EICAS Stereo headsets are recommended for use in this aircraft.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW INTERCOM The two Audio Panels include an six-position intercom system (ICS) for the pilot, copilot and up to four passengers. The intercom provides pilot and copilot isolation from the passengers and aircraft radios. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Pressing an ICS key on either Audio Panel selects and deselects the same key on both Audio Panels. Either the pilot or copilot may select or deselect the intercom.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS INTERCOM VOLUME AND SQUELCH NOTE: The pilot side Audio Panel adjusts the passenger volume and squelch on the pilot’s side of the FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS aircraft. The copilot side Audio Panel adjusts the passenger volume and squelch on the copilot’s side of the aircraft. EICAS The PILOT/PASS Knob on each Audio Panel controls volume or manual squelch adjustment for the pilot copilot, and passengers. The small knob controls the pilot/copilot volume and squelch.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A passenger address system is available for delivering voice messages over the cabin speaker. When the PA Key is selected on the pilot side Audio Panel, the COM MIC Annunciator on that side is extinguished, and the active COM frequency on the associated PFD changes to white, indicating that there is no COM selected. A Push-to-Talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER NOTE: Pressing the play key on the pilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the pilot. Pressing the play FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS key on the copilot’s Audio Panel plays recorded audio to the copilot. The Audio Panel contains a digital clearance recorder that records up to 2.5 minutes of the selected COM radio signal. Recorded COM audio is stored in separate memory blocks. Once 2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ENTERTAINMENT INPUTS NOTE: Music audio cannot be completely turned off. Audio level for the crew and passengers can be FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS adjusted by a Garmin-authorized service center. The Audio Panels provide a stereo entertainment input from the data link receiver or an Stereo Input jack for the crew and passengers. The Stereo Input jack input is compatible with popular portable entertainment devices such as MP3 and CD players through a 3.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.6 AUDIO PANELS PREFLIGHT PROCEDURE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: If the pilot and/or copilot are using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob, verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at maximum volume setting. On single‑pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the audio system.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Independent radio volume adjustments made using the PFD controls affect only the audio output for each radio selected for adjustment. Radio volume adjustment affects both crew positions equally for each radio that is adjusted. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Setting the Audio Panels during preflight: 1) Verify that the PILOT and COPLT Annunciators are extinguished. 2) Verify manual squelch is set to minimum. 3) Turn the PILOT/PASS Knobs clockwise two full turns.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Abnormal operation of the G1000 includes equipment failures of the G1000 components and failure of associated equipment, including switches and external devices. STUCK MICROPHONE If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW PFD FAILURE, DUAL SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If PFD1 fails, COM1 and NAV1 display a red X on both remaining displays. NAV1 is unavailable. COM1 automatically tunes 121.500 MHz, but the frequency is not shown. The COM1 emergency frequency is available to both the copilot and pilot.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL FAIL-SAFE OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If there is a failure of both Audio Panels, a fail-safe circuit connects the pilot’s headset and microphone directly to the COM1 transceiver and the copilot’s headset directly to the COM2 transceiver. Audio is not available on the speaker. If there is a failure of one Audio Panel, that side only has access to their respective on-side fail-safe COM.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 5 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The G1000 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains flight management using the G1000. EICAS The most prominent part of the G1000 are the three full color displays: two Primary Flight Displays (PFD) and a Multi Function Display (MFD).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Navigation Status Box Navigation Mode AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Inset Map Location of: - Direct To Window - Flight Plan Window - Procedures Window - Nearest Airports Window Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Navigation Status Box Map Orientation Navigation Page Title Navigation Map HAZARD AVOIDANCE - Aviation Data - Geographic Data - Topographic Data - Hazard Data Flight Plan Leg Active Flight Plan Leg ADDITIO
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Distance (DIS) and Bearing (BRG) to the next waypoint or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘TOD within 1 minute’) • Bearing (BRG) The symbols used in the PFD status bar are: Symbol Description Active Leg FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the MFD contains four data fields, each displaying one of the following items: SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD -> KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Map displays are used extensively in the G1000 to provide situational awareness in flight. Most G1000 maps can display the following information: • Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, etc.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW • North up (NORTH UP) aligns the top of the map display to north (default setting). • Track up (TRK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current ground track. • Desired track up (DTK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the desired course. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Heading up (HDG UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current aircraft heading.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Map Group Selection AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Orientation Field Figure 5-5 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired orientation. 5) Press the ENT Key to select the new orientation. 6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the base page. HAZARD AVOIDANCE MAP RANGE AFCS There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTO ZOOM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Auto zoom allows the G1000 to change the map display range to the smallest range clearly showing the active waypoint. Auto zoom can be overridden by adjusting the range with the Joystick, and remains until the active waypoint changes, a terrain or traffic alert occurs, the aircraft takes off, or the manual override times out (timer set on Map Setup Window).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Auto Zoom: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Off, MFD Only, PFD Only, All On AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Manual Range Override Expiration Time Maximum Look Forward Time Minimum Look Forward Time FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-7 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group, Auto Zoom Configuring automatic zoom: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW MAP PANNING Map panning allows the pilot to: • View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Highlight and select locations on the map • Review information for a selected airport, NAVAID or user waypoint • Designate locations for use in flight planning • View airspace and airway information EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map d
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was not originally displayed on the map). When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent information is displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW When the Map Pointer crosses an airspace boundary, the boundary is highlighted and airspace information is shown at the top of the display. The information includes the name and class of airspace, the ceiling in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and the floor in feet MSL.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint: 1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint. 3) Select the GO BACK Softkey, the CLR Key, or the ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page and return to the Navigation Map showing the selected waypoint.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace: 1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. 2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) ‘Review Airspaces’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace Information Page for the selected airspace. 4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MEASURING BEARING AND DISTANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Distance and bearing from the aircraft’s present position to any point on the viewable navigation map may be calculated using the ‘Measure Bearing and Distance’ selection from Navigation Map page menu. The bearing and distance tool displays a dashed Measurement Line and a Measure Pointer to aid in graphically identifying points with which to measure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW TOPOGRAPHY FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following procedures.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS TOPO DATA On/Off TOPO DATA Range Figure 5-15 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed. NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the HAZARD AVOIDANCE PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Maximum Displayed Elevation Minimum Displayed Elevation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Aircraft Altitude (MSL) Range of Displayed Elevations EICAS Ground Elevation at Map Pointer Location (only visible when Map Pointer is displayed) AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-16 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE): FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP SYMBOLS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW AVIATION SYMBOLS The following items are configured on the aviation menu: Aviation Symbols Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 2000 500 300 100 20 100 30 Non-directional Beacon (NDB WAYPOINT) 15 30 VOR (VOR WAYPOINT) 150 300 Class B Airspace/TMA (CLASS B/TMA) 200 500 Class C Airspace/TCA (CLASS C/TCA) 200 500 Class D Airspace (CLASS D) 150 300 Restricted Area (RESTRICTED) 200 500 Military Operations Area [MOA(MILITARY)] 200 500 Other/Air D
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYMBOL SETUP FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed totally (turned off). Displaying/removing all land symbols: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range. 10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT MAP DECLUTTER FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information. The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Table 5-3 lists the items displayed at each declutter level. The ‘X’ represents map items displayed for the various levels of declutter.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AIRWAYS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This airways discussion is based upon the North American airway structure. The airway structure in places other than North America vary by location, etc. and are not discussed in this book. Low Altitude Airways (or Victor Airways) primarily serve smaller piston-engine, propeller-driven airplanes on shorter routes and at lower altitudes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Airways may be displayed on the map at the pilot’s discretion using either a combination of AIRWAYS Softkey presses, or menu selections using the MENU Key from the Navigation Map Page. The Airway range can also be programmed to only display Airways on the MFD when the map range is at or below a specific number. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying/removing airways: 1) Select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the AIRWAYS Softkey.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The following range items are configurable on the airways menu: Airway Type Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 200 500 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 300 500 EICAS Table 5-4 Airway Range Information TRACK VECTOR AUDIO PANEL & CNS The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nav Range Ring On/Off FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Wind Vector On/Off Track Vector - On/Off - Look Ahead Time EICAS Fuel Range SVS Field of View On/Off - On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-25 Nav Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RANGE RING, SVS FOV Setup WIND VECTOR Wind Direction FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT NAV RANGE RING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 12.5 nm on a 50 nm map).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW FUEL RANGE RING Time to Reserve Fuel FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid yellow circle.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FIELD OF VIEW (SVS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The map can display the boundaries of the PFD Synthetic Vision System (SVS) lateral field of view. The field of view is shown as two dashed lines forming a V shape in front of the aircraft symbol on the map. This is only available if SVS is installed on the aircraft.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.3 WAYPOINTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are used for all phases of flight planning and navigation. Communication and navigation frequencies can be tuned “automatically” from various Waypoint Information (WPT) pages, Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Identifier with Duplicates AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Duplicate Waypoints FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Duplicate Message Figure 5-31 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier AIRPORTS HAZARD AVOIDANCE NOTE: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page Map.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Airport Information Navigation Map Showing Selected Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region - Lat/Long/Elev - Fuel Available - Time Zone (UTC Offset) Runway Information Airport/ Runway Diagram EICAS - Designation - Length/Width/Surface - Lighting Available AUDIO PANEL & CNS COM/NAV Freq. Info.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airport Directory Information Airport Information FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region Softkeys HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-33 Airport Directory Page Example ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS The following are types of AOPA airport directory information shown (if available) on the Airport Directory Page: • Airport: Identifier, Site Number, Name, City, State • Traffic Pattern Altitudes (TPA): Aircraft Class/A
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting an airport for review by identifier, facility name, or location: 1) From the Airport Information Page, press the FMS Knob. 2) Use the FMS Knobs and enter an identifier, facility name, or location. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor. Selecting a runway: 1) With the Airport Information Page displayed, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Bearing/Distance to Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Airport Identifier/ Type Approach Available Length of Longest Runway COM Freq. Info. - Identification - Frequency AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Additional Airports (within 200 nm) NRST Softkey Figure 5-34 Nearest Airports Window on PFD HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Pressing the ENT Key displays the PFD Airport Information Window for the highlighted airport.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nearest Airports - ID/Type - Bearing/Distance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Airport Information - Facility/City/Elevation Runway Information - Designation/Surface - Length/Width Nearest Airport EICAS COM/NAV Freq. Info.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing runway information for a specific airport: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway. 1) With the Nearest Airports Page displayed, select the RNWY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Runway Window’; and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW INTERSECTIONS NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS used to define the intersection. The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The selected intersection is indicated by a white arrow. Up to seventeen intersections are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, the list can be scrolled. If there are no items for display, text indicating that fact is displayed. NOTE: The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW NDBS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected NDB and surrounding area, the page displays NDB information in four boxes labeled ‘NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST AIRPORT’.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest NDB Page can be used to quickly find a NDB close to the flight path. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest NDBs in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’. EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A white arrow before the NDB identifier indicates the selected NDB. Up to seventeen NDBs are visible at a time. If there are more than can be shown, each list can be scrolled.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW VORS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS signals (since ILS signals can be received on a NAV receiver), or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it is displayed as VOR-DME.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Or: 1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the MENU Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Highlight ‘Select VOR Window’, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. EICAS The Nearest VOR Page can be used to quickly find a VOR station close to the aircraft.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW USER WAYPOINTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the map using the Joystick, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from an existing waypoint or bearing from two existing waypoints.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Nearest User Wpt List - Identifier - Bearing/Distance from aircraft position EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Navigation Map Showing Selected User Waypoint AUDIO PANEL & CNS Selected User Waypoint User Waypoint Info - Comment - Lat/Long Reference Wpt Info FLIGHT MANAGEMENT - Identifier - Radial/Distance Figure 5-45 Nearest User Waypoint Page HAZARD AVOIDANCE CREATING USER WAYPOINTS User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the followin
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor to “TEMPORARY” and selecting the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box. 7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Or: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Are you sure you want to create the new User Waypoint AAAAAA?’ is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Creating user waypoints from map pages: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the ENT Key. The User Waypoint Information Page is displayed with the captured position.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Renaming user waypoints: 1) Highlight a user waypoint in the User Waypoint List. Select the RENAME Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select ‘Rename User Waypoint’. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Enter a new name. 3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Do you want to rename the user waypoint AAAAAA to BBBBBB?’ is displayed. 4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. EICAS 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DELETING USER WAYPOINTS Deleting a single user waypoint: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Select the DELETE Softkey or press the CLR Key. ‘Yes’ is highlighted in the confirmation window. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.4 AIRSPACES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C/TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA (Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Interdiction Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The Nearest Airspaces Page, Airspace Alerts Window, and Airspace Alerts on the PFD provide additional information about airspaces and the location of the aircraft in relationship to them. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Airspace Alerts Box allows the pilot to turn the controlled/special-use airspace message alerts on or off. This does not affect the alerts listed on the Nearest Airspaces Page or the airspace boundaries depicted on the Navigation Map Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Airspace Alerts Box - Airspace Altitude Buffer - Alert On/Off (Default Settings Shown) EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DFLTS Softkey Figure 5-48 System Setup Page - Airspace Alerts HAZARD AVOIDANCE Map ranges for the airspace boundaries are selected from the Aviation Group in the Map Setup Menu. See Table 5-2 for the default and maximum ranges for each type of airspace and the symbol used to define the airspace area.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the PFD ALERTS Softkey displays the message window on the PFD. The following airspace alerts are displayed in the message window. Comments The aircraft is inside the airspace. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10 minutes. Special use airspace is near and ahead of the aircraft position. Special use airspace is within 2 nm of the aircraft position.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport. Once a direct-to is activated, the G1000 establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the selected direct-to destination.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Direct-to Point Info VNV Constraints - Altitude at Arrival - Along Track Offset FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - Identifier/Symbol/City - Facility Name Direct-to Point Info - Bearing/Distance - Desired Course EICAS Activation Command Figure 51 Direct-to Window - PFD AUDIO PANEL & CNS Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting an active flight plan waypoint as a direct-to destination: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan). 1) While navigating an active flight plan, press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the active flight plan waypoint as the default selection. 3) Select the desired waypoint. 4) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination: 1) Select the NRST Softkey on the PFD; or turn the FMS Knob to display the Nearest Airports Page and press the FMS Knob. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the desired airport (the nearest one is already selected). 3) Press the Direct-to Key. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’. 5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Page Menu FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - Cancel Direct-To Navigation Figure 5-53 Direct-to Window - Cancelling Direct-to Navigation HAZARD AVOIDANCE When navigating a direct-to, the G1000 sets a direct great circle course to the selected destination. The course to a destination can also be manually selected using the course field (‘COURSE’) on the Direct-to Window. Selecting a manual direct-to course: 1) Press the Direct-to Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Entering a VNV altitude and along-track offset for the waypoint: 1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor over the ‘VNV’ altitude field. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Enter the desired altitude. 4) Press the ENT Key. The option to select MSL or AGL is now displayed. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘MSL’ or ‘AGL’. 6) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now flashing in the VNV offset distance field.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight planning on the G1000 consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoints along airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The G1000 allows flight planning information to be entered from either the MFD or PFD.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following could cause the airway update to fail: • Airway identifier, entry waypoint or exit waypoint not found in the new database. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Airway entry/exit waypoint is not an acceptable waypoint for the airway – either the waypoint is no longer on the airway, or there is a new directional restriction that prevents it being used. • Loading the new airway sequence would exceed the capacity of the flight plan.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Active Flight Plan Comment Active Flight Plan Leg Active Flight Plan Waypoint List EICAS - Waypoint ID - Desired Track to Waypoint - Distance to Waypoint - Airway Identifier AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-56 Active Flight Plan Window on PFD Catalog Contents FLIGHT MANAGEMENT - # Used - # Empty Flight Plan List HAZARD AVOIDANCE - Comment Selected Flight Plan Map Selected FPL Info AFCS - Departure Waypoint - Destination Waypoint - Total Flight
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Creating an active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (only on MFD). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Flight plans can be imported from an SD Card or exported to an SD Card from the Stored Flight Plan Page. Importing a Flight Plan from an SD Card FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Insert the SD card containing the flight plan in the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW NOTE: If the imported flight plan contains a waypoint with a name that duplicates the name of a waypoint FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS already stored on the system, the system compares the coordinates of the imported waypoint with those of the existing waypoint. If the coordinates are different, the imported waypoint is automatically renamed by adding characters to the end of the name. Exporting a Flight Plan to an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card into the top card slot on the MFD.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDING WAYPOINTS TO AN EXISTING FLIGHT PLAN FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are limited to 99 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in the flight plan exceeds 99, the message “Flight plan is full.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Adding a waypoint to a stored flight plan: 1) On the Flight Plan Catalog Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Highlight the desired flight plan. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Adding an airway to a flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the waypoint after the desired airway entry point. If this waypoint is not a valid airway entry point, a valid entry point should be entered at this time.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Inserted Airway Header FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS - Airway Identifier: [airway identifier].[exit waypoint identifier] (e.g., V4.SLN) Figure 5-65 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted RESTRICTIONS ON ADDING AIRWAYS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDING PROCEDURES TO A STORED FLIGHT PLAN FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 allows the pilot to insert pre-defined instrument procedures from the navigation database into a flight plan. The procedures are designed to facilitate routing of traffic leaving an airport (departure), arriving at an airport (arrival), and landing at an airport (approach). See the procedures section for more details.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT DEPARTURE (DP) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Departure Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Departure Selected Runway Preview of Selected Departure Selected Transition Departure Transition Points Available EICAS Selected Departure End Point AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-68 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition HAZARD AVOIDANCE Inserted Departure Header AFCS - Departure Identifier: [departure airport]-[departure runway]. [departure transition]. [departure end point] (e.g., KMKC-ALL.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVAL (STAR) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Destination Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Arrival Selected Transition Transitions Available with DBRY1 EICAS Arrival Waypoint Sequence Preview of Selected Arrival AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-71 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition HAZARD AVOIDANCE Inserted Arrival Header AFCS - Arrival Identifier: [arrival airport]-[arrival transition]. [arrival].[arrival runway] (e.g., KCOS-TBE.DBRY1.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT APPROACH (APPR) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has an approach available. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route for a selected approach is defined by designating transition waypoints.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Destination Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Approach Selected Transition Transitions Available with Selected Approach EICAS Preview of Selected Approach Approach Waypoint Sequence AUDIO PANEL & CNS Load Approach? FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-74 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS Inserted Approach Header - Approach Identifier: [approach airport].[runway and approach type] (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99. The active flight plan is erased when the G1000 is powered off or when another flight plan is activated. Details about each stored flight plan can be viewed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page and on the Stored Flight Plan Page. Viewing information about a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW SORT FLIGHT PLANS The stored flight plans can be sorted alphanumerically based on the flight plan name (comment) assigned to each flight plan. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Sorting by flight plan name (comment): 1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Highlight ‘Sort By Comment’ and press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 3) Select the COPY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Copy Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The ‘Copy to Flight Plan XX?’ window is displayed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. DELETE A STORED FLIGHT PLAN Individual or all stored flight plans can be deleted from the G1000 memory.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW DELETING FLIGHT PLAN ITEMS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Individual waypoints, entire airways, and entire procedures can be deleted from a flight plan. Some waypoints in the final approach segment (such as the FAF or MAP) can not be deleted individually. Attempting to delete a waypoint that is not allowed results in a window displaying ‘Invalid flight plan modification.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Deleting an individual waypoint from a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT offset waypoint inserted before the selected waypoint, whereas entering a positive offset distance results in an along track offset waypoint inserted after the selected waypoint. Multiple offset waypoints are allowed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A waypoint must be adjacent to its parent waypoint in the flight plan, so the system limits the along-track distance to less than the length of the leg before or after the selected waypoint.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW PARALLEL TRACK FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Parallel Track (PTK) feature allows creation of a parallel course offset of 1 to 50 nm left or right of the current flight plan. When Parallel Track is activated, the course line drawn on the map pages shows the parallel course, and waypoint names have a lower case “p” placed after the identifier. Using direct-to, loading an approach, a holding pattern, or editing and activating the flight plan automatically cancels Parallel Track.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Offset Direction Offset Distance AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activation Prompt HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-79 Parallel Track Window Parallel Track Waypoints - TIFTO-p - TOP-p - SLN-p - HYS-p - LAA-p Activating Parallel Track affects the entire active flight segment (e.g.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track with the message ‘Parallel Track Unavailable Approach Leg Active’. If the offset direction and distance results in an unreasonable route geometry the status indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because of invalid geometry.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Cancelling parallel track: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Parallel Track’, and press the ENT Key. The Parallel Track Window is displayed with ‘CANCEL PARALLEL TRACK?’ highlighted. 3) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS New Active Flight Plan Leg EICAS Confirmation Window AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-84 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN HAZARD AVOIDANCE Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan; and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Switching between wide and narrow view: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Select the VIEW Softkey to display the WIDE and NARROW Softkeys. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Select the WIDE Softkey to display the wide view, or select the NARROW Softkey to display the narrow view. 4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top level active flight plan softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT COLLAPSING AIRWAYS The G1000 allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When airways are collapsed, leg-to-leg computed values such as DIS or ETE shown for the exit waypoint reflect the total of all the legs on the airway that have been hidden in the collapsed display.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The G1000 supports vertical navigation for all lateral leg types except for CA, CI, FA, FM, HA, HM, PI, VA, VD, VI, VR, and VM. Vertical constraints are not retained in stored flight plans. Current Vertical Navigation Profile EICAS The G1000 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute and teminal phases of flight.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Disabling VNV guidance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the CNCL VNV Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Cancel VNV’, and press the ENT Key. Vertical navigation is disabled. EICAS Canceling vertical navigation results in vertical deviation (V DEV), vertical speed required (VS REQ), and time to top of descent/bottom of descent (TIME TO TOD/BOD) going invalid.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Activating a vertical navigation direct-to: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The selected waypoint must have a designated altitude constraint (light blue number) to be used. If not, the first waypoint in the flight plan with a designated altitude constraint is selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Displayed Text Examples FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Cross AT or ABOVE 5,000 ft Large White Text Large Light Blue Text Cross AT 2,300 ft Small Light Blue Text EICAS Cross AT or BELOW 3,000 ft Small Light Blue Subdued Text AUDIO PANEL & CNS Altitude Constraint Examples Small White Text with Altitude Restriction Bar Figure 5-90 Waypoint Altitude Constraints AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT White Text Light Blue Text Light Blue Subdued Text Large Altitude calc
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Designating a waypoint altitude to be used for vertical guidance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter editing mode. 4) Press the ENT Key. The altitude is now shown in blue, indicating it is usable for vertical guidance.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Deleting an altitude constraint provided by the navigation database: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint. 3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove VNV altitude constraint?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) Select ‘OK’ and press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.8 PROCEDURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs), and non-precision and precision approaches (APPRs) are stored within the database and can be loaded using the Procedures (PROC) Key. EICAS The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Departure Airport FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Available Procedure Actions Loaded Procedures Departure Preview Departure Choices Figure 5-91 Departure Selection Loaded Departure APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selected Departure Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys INDEX Figure 5-92 Departure Loading 248 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing available departures at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. To select a different airport, use the FMS Knob to enter an identifier/ facility name/city, and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ARRIVALS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an arrival is loaded when another arrival is already in the active flight plan, the new arrival replaces the previous arrival. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selected Arrival Loaded Arrival FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-94 Arrival Loading Viewing available arrivals at an airport: HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT REMOVING AN ARRIVAL FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN When plans change while flying IFR, arrivals can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Removing an arrival from the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD) 2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Arrival’. 3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the arrival procedure.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Example on HSI EICAS Approach Type - LNAV - LNAV+V - L/VNAV - LPV AUDIO PANEL & CNS HSI Annunciation Description LNAV GPS approach using published LNAV minima LNAV+V GPS approach using published LNAV minima. Advisory vertical guidance is provided L/VNAV GPS approach using published LNAV/VNAV minima LPV GPS approach using published LPV minima FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 WAAS GPS allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, and LPV approaches according to the published chart.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Destination Airport FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Available Procedure Actions Loaded Procedures Approach Choices Approach Preview HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-95 Approach Selection Loaded Approach APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS Selected Approach INDEX Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation Figure 5-96 Approach Loading 254 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing available approaches at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the APR Softkey. The Approach Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ACTIVATING AN APPROACH A previously loaded approach can be activated from the Procedures Window. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activating a previously loaded approach: 1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed with ‘Activate Approach’ highlighted. 2) Press the ENT Key to activate the approach. EICAS In many cases, it may be easiest to “load” the full approach while still some distance away, enroute to the destination airport.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW MISSED APPROACH Activating a missed approach in the active flight plan: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Press the PROC Key. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE MISSED APPROACH’. 3) Press the ENT Key. The aircraft automatically sequences to the MAHP. Or: Press the Go-Around Button. EICAS COURSE TO ALTITUDE AUDIO PANEL & CNS In this missed approach procedure, the altitude immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368ft’) is not part of the published procedure.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5.9 TRIP PLANNING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight planning is also available, based on fuel sensor data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Calibrated airspeed (CALIBRATED AS) - The primary source is from the air data system, and the secondary source of information is GPS ground speed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Indicated altitude (IND ALTITUDE) - The primary source is the barometric altitude, and the secondary source of information is GPS altitude. TRIP STATISTICS The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUEL STATISTICS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The fuel statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs. Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has already been flown. • Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the current fuel flow. • Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting automatic or manual page mode: Select the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual Mode’, and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting flight plan or waypoint mode: Select the FPL Softkey or the WPTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Flight Plan Mode’ or ‘Waypoints Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT WEIGHT PLANNING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS All of the input of data needed for calculation and viewing of the data is done on the Weight and Fuel Planning Page located in the AUX Page Group. NOTE: All weight planning data fields display data rounded to the nearest 10 pounds. A/C Payload Calculator Fuel Weight Calculator AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Basic Empty Weight Entry Pilot & Stores Weight Entry Basic Operating Weight Calc.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW Entering the number of passengers: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘PASSENGERS #’ field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the number of passengers. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Entering the average passenger weight: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the passenger weight field.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW When the aircraft is in the air and a destination waypoint has been entered, the fuel calculations can be completed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Estimated landing fuel weight = fuel on board weight - (fuel flow x ETE) • Estimated landing weight = zero fuel weight + estimated landing fuel weight.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.10 RAIM PREDICTION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Predicting RAIM availability at a selected waypoint: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the FMS Knob. The RAIM Prediction ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) provides increased navigation accuracy when available. SBAS can be enabled or disabled manually on the GPS Status Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Disabling WAAS or MSAS 1) Select the GPS Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) If necessary, press the SBAS Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob, and turn the large FMS Knob to hightlight ‘MSAS’ or ‘WAAS’. 4) Press the ENT Key to uncheck the box. EICAS 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.11 NAVIGATING A FLIGHT PLAN FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the WAAS capable GPS system while the G1000 provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active. NOTE: The following example flight plan is for instructional purposes only.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading 290° as seen in Figure 5-106. HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-106 Assigned Heading of 290º 4) Enter V4 into the flight plan. INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW b) The desired entry point for V4 (TOP) must be entered. Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan insertion point (SLN) as shown in Figure 5-107. When the V4 entry point (TOP) is inserted, it is placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-107 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-109. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-109 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-109, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-111. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-111 List of Available Exits for V4 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in Figure 5-111. j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in Figure 5-112.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-113. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-113 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan 5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. HAZARD AVOIDANCE b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight SLN. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate the leg. AFCS c) Select the ACT LEG Softkey.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-115, the magenta arrow in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note the phase of flight remained in Terminal (TERM) mode up to this point because a departure leg was active. Since a leg after the departure is now active, the current CDI flight phase is ENR (Enroute) and CDI scaling has changed to 2.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-116. HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-116 Turn on to Active Leg APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS 8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box as seen in Figure 5-117.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9) As seen in Figure 5-118, V244 is now the active flight plan leg. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-118 V244 Now Active Leg HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-119. Figure 5-119 HYS to LAA Leg Active HAZARD AVOIDANCE 11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list. ) Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-121. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-121 Enter VNV Altitude e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC. f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-122.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-123, the magenta arrow indicating the directto OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-124. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-124 Procedures Window c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-125. HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES Figure 5-125 List of Available Approaches d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-125.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-126. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-126 List of Available Transitions f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK is used. g) Press the ENT Key.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-127 Barometric Minimums Set FLIGHT MANAGEMENT i) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as seen in Figure 5-128. HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES Figure 5-128 Loaded Approach INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-129. These altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as light blue text, indicating these values are “designated” for use in computing vertical deviation guidance. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: To no longer use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the following: a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.0 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to maintain the -3.0 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS a) Select the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in Figure 5-130.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 15) As seen in Figure 5-131, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reach the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-132.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established which places the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as shown in Figure 5-133.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the PFD as seen in Figure 5-135. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-136. The magenta arrow in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-136 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg HAZARD AVOIDANCE 20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-137).
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-137 Approaching PYNON 290 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating the approach procedure (see Figure 5-138).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16. The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK. INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-140 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) 292 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-141) when the final approach course becomes active.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE” 6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-142.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended past the MAP. Select the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing through the missed approach procedure. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure 5-143. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-144. HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-144 Establishing the Holding Pattern INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS 27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-145.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the G1000 stops using GPS.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Distance & Bearing EICAS Current Track Indicator Dead Reckoning Annunciaion Wind Data AUDIO PANEL & CNS GPS Navigation Lost Message Course Deviation Indicator FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Bearing Pointer/ Distance Nav.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 hazard avoidance features are designed to provide advisory information of potential hazards to flight safety associated with weather, terrain, and air traffic.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Contact the installer if the Audio and Data Radio IDs cannot be located. XM Satellite Radio uses the coded IDs to send an activation signal that allows the G1000 to display weather data and/or entertainment programming provided through the GDL 69A. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activating the XM Satellite Weather and XM Satellite Radio Services: 1) Contact XM Satellite Radio by e-mail (address listed on their website, www.xmradio.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW USING XM SATELLITE WEATHER PRODUCTS The primary map for viewing XM Weather data is the Weather Data Link Page in the Map Page Group. This is the only G1000 map display capable of showing information for all available XM weather products. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Viewing the Weather Data Link Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Weather Product Symbol FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Next-generation Radar (NEXRAD) Cloud Top (CLD TOP) Echo Top (ECHO TOP) INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS XM Lightning (LTNG) Cell Movement (CELL MOV) SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METARs) City Forecast (CITY) Surface Analysis (SFC) Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) Winds Aloft (WIND) County Warnings (COUNTY) Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Cloud Top (CLD TOP) + Echo Top (ECHO TOP) + Nearest Page Group Flight Plan Pages + AUX - Trip Planning Page Weather Data Link Page + Weather Information Page Navigation Map Page + + + + + + + + + + Cell Movement (CELL MOV) + + + + + + + + + SIGMETs/AIRMETs (SIG/AIR) + METARs + City Forecast (CITY) + Surface Analysis (SFC) + Freezing Levels (FRZ LVL) + Winds Aloft (WIND) + County Warnings (COUNTY) + Cyclone Warnings (CYCLONE) +
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER SOFTKEYS ON THE WEATHER DATA LINK PAGE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (The figure shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link Page). When a weather product is selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product is enabled. Unavailable weather products have subdued softkey labels (softkeys are disabled from selection).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link Page: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-4). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘XM Product Group 1’ or ‘XM Product Group 2’, and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-5). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Maps other than the Weather Data Link Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-6). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-7).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link Page. Viewing legends for displayed weather products FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. EICAS 2) Select Weather Legend and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW NEXRAD FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HAZARD AVOIDANCE WSR-88D, or NEXRAD (NEXt-generation RADar), is a network of 158 high-resolution Doppler radar systems that are operated by the National Weather Service (NWS). NEXRAD data provides centralized meteorological information for the continental United States and selected overseas locations. The maximum range of a single NEXRAD radar site is 250 nm.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Displaying NEXRAD weather information: 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey. Composite data from all the NEXRAD radar sites in the United States is shown. This data is composed of the maximum reflectivity from the individual radar sweeps. The display of the information is color-coded to indicate the weather severity level.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE The different NEXRAD echo intensities are measured in decibels (dB) relative to reflectivity (Z). NEXRAD measures the radar reflectivity ratio, or the energy reflected back to the radar receiver (designated by the letter Z). The value of Z increases as the returned signal strength increases.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following may cause abnormalities in displayed NEXRAD radar images: • Ground clutter • Strobes and spurious radar data FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Sun strobes (when the radar antenna points directly at the sun) • Interference from buildings or mountains, which may cause shadows • Metallic dust from military aircraft, which can cause alterations in radar scans NEXRAD Limitations (Canada) EICAS • Radar coverage extends to 55ºN.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ECHO TOPS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Echo Tops data (Figure 6-14) shows the location, elevation, and direction of the highest radar echo. The highest radar echo does not indicate the top of a storm or clouds; rather it indicates the highest altitude at which precipitation is detected. Information is derived from NEXRAD data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW The display of radar coverage is always active when either NEXRAD or ECHO TOPS is selected. Areas where NEXRAD radar coverage and Echo Tops information is not currently available or is not being collected are indicated by a shade of purple, as shown in Figure 6-15. Radar capability exists in these areas, but it is not active or is off-line. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CLOUD TOPS NOTE: Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE XM LIGHTNING NOTE: XM Lightning cannot be displayed at the same time as the optional L-3 STORMSCOPE® WX-500 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Lightning data is displayed. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Lightning data (Figure 6-18) shows the approximate location of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-kilometer region. The exact location of the lightning strike is not displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW CELL MOVEMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Cell Movement data (Figure 6-20) shows the location and movement of storm cells as identified by the ground-based system. Cells are represented by yellow squares, with direction of movement indicated with short, orange arrows.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIGMETS AND AIRMETS AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SIGMETs (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and AIRMETs (AIRmen’s METeorological Information) are broadcast for potentially hazardous weather considered of extreme importance to all aircraft. A Convective SIGMET is issued for hazardous convective weather. A localized SIGMET is a significant weather condition occurring at a localized geographical position.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW METARS AND TAFS NOTE: Atmospheric pressure reported for METARs is given in hectopascals (hPa), except in the United FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS States, where it is reported in inches of mercury (in Hg). Temperatures are reported in Celsius. NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed aviation database service area. EICAS METAR (METeorological Aerodrome Report) is the standard format for weather briefings.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying METAR and TAF text: 1) On the Weather Data Link Page, select the METAR Softkey. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the RANGE Knob and pan to the desired airport. 3) Press the ENT Key. The Weather Information Page is shown with METAR and TAF text. 4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text. METAR text is placed ahead of the TAF text. 5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS To display the METAR legend on the Weather Data Link Page, press the LEGEND Softkey when METARs are selected for display. The METAR flag color is determined by the information in the METAR text. The METAR flag is gray when the METAR text does not contain adequate information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying Surface Analysis and City Forecast information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page with the FMS Knob. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the SFC Softkey. 4) Select the forecast time: CURRENT, 12 HR, 24 HR, 36 HR, or 48 HR. The SFC Softkey label changes to reflect the forecast time selected.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW FREEZING LEVEL FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Freezing Level data (Figure 6-29) shows the color-coded contour lines for the altitude and location at which the first isotherm is found. When no data is displayed for a given altitude, the data for that altitude has not been received, or is out of date and has been removed from the display. New data appears at the next update.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE WINDS ALOFT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Winds Aloft data (Figure 6-31) shows the forecast wind speed and direction at the surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3000-foot increments up to 42,000 feet MSL. Displaying Winds Aloft data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the WIND Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW COUNTY WARNINGS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS County data (Figure 6-33) provides specific public awareness and protection weather warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS). This can include information on fires, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, flood conditions, and other natural disasters.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE CYCLONE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Cyclone weather product (Figure 6-35) shows the current location of cyclones (hurricanes), tropical storms, and their projected tracks. HAZARD AVOIDANCE Cyclone Figure 6-35 Cyclone Data Selected for Display Displaying cyclone (hurricane) track information: AFCS 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page with the FMS Knob. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the CYCLONE Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW ICING (CIP & SLD) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Current Icing Product (CIP) data (Figure 6-37) shows a graphical view of the current icing environment. Icing severity is displayed in four categories: light, moderate, severe, and extreme (not specific to aircraft type). The CIP product is not a forecast, but a presentation of the current conditions at the time of the analysis.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE TURBULENCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Turbulence data (Figure 6-39) identifies the potential for erratic movement of high-altitude air mass associated winds. Turbulence is classified as light, moderate, severe or extreme, at altitudes between 21,000 and 45,000 feet.Turbulence data is intended to supplement AIRMETs and SIGMETs. Displaying Turbulence data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. EICAS 3) Select the TURB Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW PIREPS AND AIREPS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) (Figure 6-41) provide timely weather information for a particular route of flight. When significant weather conditions are reported or forecast, Air Traffic Control (ATC) facilities are required to solicit PIREPs. A PIREP may contain unforecast adverse weather conditions, such as low in-flight visibility, icing conditions, wind shear, and turbulence.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Decoded PIREP Text HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Raw PIREP Text Figure 6-42 PIREP Text on the Weather Data Link Page AFCS To display the PIREP or AIREP legend (Figure 6-43), select the LEGEND Softkey when PIREPs or AIREPs are selected for display. APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES The PIREP color is determined by the type (routine or urgent).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6.2 AIRBORNE COLOR WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Garmin GWX 68 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar with 6.5 kilowatts of output power. It combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target display. The pulse width is four microseconds (µs) on all ranges except the 2.5 nm range.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD AND AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Both Airborne Weather Radar and NEXRAD measure weather reflectivity in decibels (dB). A decibel is a logarithmic expression of the ratio of two quantities. Airborne Weather Radar measures the ratio of power against the gain of the antenna, while NEXRAD measures the energy reflected back to the radar, or the radar reflectivity ratio.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The phenomenon of radar signal attenuation affects the operation of weather radar. When the radar signal is transmitted, it is progressively absorbed and scattered, making the signal weaker. This weakening, or attenuation, is caused by two primary sources, distance and precipitation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE RADAR SIGNAL REFLECTIVITY Precipitation HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Precipitation or objects more dense than water, such as the surface of the earth or solid structures, are detected by the weather radar. The weather radar does not detect clouds, thunderstorms, or turbulence directly. It detects precipitation associated with clouds, thunderstorms, and turbulence.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Ground Returns FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The intensity of ground target returns depends upon the angle at which the radar beam strikes the ground target (Angle of Incidence) and the reflective properties of that target. The gain can be adjusted so shorelines, rivers, lakes, and cities are well-defined. Increasing the gain too much causes the display to fill in between targets, thus obscuring some landmarks. EICAS Cities normally provide a strong return signal.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following information establishes a minimum safe distance from the antenna for personnel near operating weather radar. The minimum safe distance is based on the FCC’s exposure limit at 9.3 to 9.5 GHz for general population/uncontrolled environments, which is 1 mW/cm2. See Advisory Circular 20-68B for more information on safe distance determination.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW PRACTICAL APPLICATION USING THE BASIC TILT SETUP FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS With the antenna tilt set as previously described, any displayed target return should be scrutinized when flying at altitudes between 2,000 and 30,000 feet AGL. If the displayed target advances on the screen to within 5 nautical miles of the aircraft, avoid it. This may be either weather or ground returns that are 2,000 feet or less below the aircraft.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION WEATHER DISPLAY INTERPRETATION Weather Mode Color Intensity Black Green Yellow Red Magenta < 23 dBZ 23 dBZ to < 32 dBZ 32 dBZ to < 41 dBZ 41 dBZ to < 50 dBZ 50 dBZ and greater AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When evaluating various target returns on the weather radar display, the colors denote precipitation intensity and rates shown in the table. Approximate Precipitation Rate (in/hr.) < .01. .01 - 0.1. 0.1 - 0.5 0.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Along squall lines (multiple cells or clusters of cells in a line) individual cells may be in different stages of development. Areas between closely spaced, intense targets may contain developing clouds not having enough moisture to produce a return. However, these areas could have strong updrafts or downdrafts. Targets showing wide areas of green are generally precipitation without severe turbulence.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In areas of multiple heavy cells, use the Vertical Scan feature along with antenna tilt management to examine the areas. Remember to avoid shadowed areas behind targets. AUDIO PANEL & CNS The Blind Alley at Close Range The Large Storm Behind Figure 6-52 The Blind Alley FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Tornadoes There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which identify a tornado.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW or less) and make poor radar targets. In the upper regions of a cell where ice particles are dry (no liquid coating), target returns are less intense. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Hail shafts are associated with the same radar target return characteristics as tornados. U-shaped cloud edges three to seven miles across can also indicate hail. These target returns appear quite suddenly along any edge of the cell outline.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying weather on the Weather Radar Page: 1) Select the Weather Radar Page in the Map Page Group with the FMS Knob. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the MODE Softkey. 3) While on the ground, select the STANDBY Softkey. A one-minute warm-up period is initiated (countdown is displayed on the screen). After the warm-up is complete, the radar enters the Standby Mode. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS a) Select the WEATHER Softkey. A confirmation window is displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Vertically scanning a storm cell: NOTE: Vertical scanning of a storm cell should be done with the aircraft wings level to avoid constant FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS adjustment of the Bearing Line. 1) While in the Horizontal Scan view, select the BRG Softkey. This places the cursor in the BEARING field and displays the Bearing Line. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing Line. Press the ENT Key.
AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-56 Vertical Scan Display Adjusting Antenna Tilt Angle HAZARD AVOIDANCE In order to make an accurate interpretation of a storm cell, the radar beam should be pointed at the wet part of the weather cell to record the proper rainfall intensity (color level). The ideal aiming point is just below the freezing level of the storm. The best way to find this point is to use the Vertical Scan feature.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Adjusting antenna tilt on the Vertical Scan display: 1) Select the TILT Softkey to activate the cursor in the TILT field and display the Tilt Line. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the Tilt Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Tilt Line. Press the ENT Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the antenna tilt angle. The selected tilt angle is implemented when Horizontal Scan is again selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Adjusting Gain WARNING: Changing the gain in weather mode causes precipitation intensity to be displayed as a color FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS not representative of the true intensity. Remember to return the gain setting to Calibrated for viewing the actual intensity of precipitation. 1) Select the GAIN Softkey to activate the cursor in the GAIN field. EICAS 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the gain for the desirable level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Sector Scan FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) While in horizontal scan mode, select the BRG Softkey to display the Bearing Line and place the cursor in the BEARING field. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing Line. 2) Press the ENT Key.
AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-60 40˚ Sector Scan Antenna Stabilization 1) To activate or deactivate the antenna stabilization, select the MODE Softkey. INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE 2) Select the STAB ON Softkey to activate antenna stabilization or select the STAB OFF Softkey to deactivate. The current stabilization condition is shown in the upper right of the weather radar display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Weather Attenuated Color Highlight (WATCH®) EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Displayed intensity is questionable. Potentially stronger than displayed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WATCH® identifies deceptively strong or unknown intensity parts of a storm. While in horizontal scan mode, this feature can be used as a tool to determine areas of possible inaccuracies in displayed intensity due to weakening of the radar energy.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Weather Alert FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Weather Alert feature indicates the presence of heavy precipitation between the ranges of 80 and 320 nm regardless of the currently displayed range. Weather Alert targets appear as red bands along the outer range ring at the approximate azimuth of the detected returns. If a Weather Alert is detected within ±10° of the aircraft heading, an alert is displayed on the PFD in the Messages Window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW GROUND MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A secondary use of the weather radar system is for the presentation of terrain. This can be a useful tool for verifying aircraft position. A picture of the ground is represented much like a topographical map that can be used as a supplement to the navigation map on the MFD. EICAS Ground Map mode uses a different gain range than Weather mode. Different colors are also used to represent the intensity levels.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.3 STORMSCOPE NOTE: The Stormscope system (if equipped) is not intended for hazardous thunderstorm penetration. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Weather information on the G1000 MFD is approved for weather avoidance only. Refer to the WX-500 User’s Guide for a detailed description of Stormscope operation. NOTE: L-3 STORMSCOPE® WX-500 Lightning and GDL 69/69A XM® Satellite Weather Lightning cannot be displayed at the same time.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following Stormscope options are available (Figure 6-65): • STRMSCP LTNG – Turns the display of Stormscope data on or off. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • STRMSCP MODE – Selects the CELL or STRIKE mode of lightning activity. Cell mode identifies clusters or cells of electrical activity. Strike mode indicates the approximate location of lightning strikes. • STRMSCP SMBL – Selects the range at which Stormscope data displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL AND STRIKE MODE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS On the Navigation Map Page, cell mode identifies cells of lightning activity (Figure 6-66). Stormscope identifies clusters of electrical activity that indicate cells. Strike mode indicates the approximate location of lightning strikes. Selecting the ‘cell’ or ‘strike’ mode on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) With ‘Map Setup’ selected, press the ENT Key. EICAS 3) Select the ‘Weather’ group.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Manually clearing Stormscope data on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Clear Stormscope® Lightning’. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the ENT Key. EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 6-67 Navigation Map Page Options Menu FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ZOOM RANGE ON THE NAVIGATION MAP HAZARD AVOIDANCE Stormscope lightning data can be displayed up to 800 nm zoom range (in North Up orientation) on the Navigation Map Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selecting a Stormscope range on the Navigation Map: 1) Press the MENU Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select ‘MAP SETUP’. 3) Select the ‘Weather’ group. 4) Press the ENT Key. 5) Turn the large FMS Knob to select ‘STRMSCP SMBL’. 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the maximum display range. EICAS 7) Press the ENT Key. 8) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Changing between ‘cell’ and ‘strike’ mode: 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Select the MODE Softkey. The CELL and STRIKE softkeys are displayed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Select the CELL Softkey to display ‘CELL’ data or select the STRIKE Softkey to display ‘STRIKE’ data. ‘CELL’ or ‘STRIKE’ is displayed in the mode box in the upper left corner of the Stormscope Page. 4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the Stormscope Page. Or: EICAS 1) Select the Stormscope Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Changing the viewing mode between 360˚ and 120˚: 1) Select the Stormscope Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the VIEW Softkey. The 360 and ARC softkeys are displayed. 3) Select the 360 Softkey to display a 360˚ viewing area or select the ARC Softkey to display a 120˚ viewing area. 4) Press the BACK Softkey to return to the Stormscope Page. Or: EICAS 1) Select the Stormscope Page. 2) Press the MENU Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6.4 TERRAIN-SVS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: Do not use Terrain-SVS information for primary terrain avoidance. Terrain-SVS is intended only to enhance situational awareness. NOTE: Terrain data is not displayed if the aircraft is outside of the terrain database coverage area. EICAS NOTE: Terrain-SVS is included with the Synthetic Vision System (SVS). If equipped with TAWS-B, the TAWS-B option will take precedence over Terrain-SVS.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Terrain and obstacle databases are referenced to MSL. Using the GPS position and altitude, the Terrain-SVS feature portrays a 3-D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and altitude of the aircraft. GPS position and GPS-MSL altitude are used to calculate and predict the aircraft’s flight path in relation to the surrounding terrain and obstacles.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Terrain-SVS information can be displayed on the following maps: • Trip Planning Page • Navigation Map Page • Flight Plan Pages • Terrain-SVS Page • System Page FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • PFD Inset Map Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps other than the Terrain-SVS Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). 2) Select the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Figure 6-72 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-74 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Map Group INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-73 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu 360 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW TERRAIN-SVS PAGE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Terrain-SVS Page is specialized to show terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation to the aircraft’s current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be displayed for reference. If an obstacle and the projected flight path of the aircraft intersect, the display automatically zooms in to the closest potential point of impact on the Terrain-SVS Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Map Orientation Current Aircraft GPSderived MSL Altitude FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Yellow Terrain (Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) EICAS Black Terrain (More than 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Map Range Rings AUDIO PANEL & CNS Red Terrain (Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Terrain Legend FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Annunciation Window HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-75 Terrain-SVS Page, 360º View AFCS Black Terrain (More than 1000’ Below the A
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW TERRAIN-SVS ALERTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within Terrain-SVS software algorithms. Terrain-SVS alerts typically employ a CAUTION or a WARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations are displayed and aural alerts are simultaneously issued. Table 6-8 shows TerrainSVS alert types with corresponding annunciations and aural messages.
AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-78 Alert Pop-up on the MFD ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Potential Impact Points Alert Annunciation INDEX APPENDICES Figure 6-79 Terrain-SVS Alert Annunciation on the MFD 364 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW TERRAIN-SVS INHIBIT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Use caution when inhibiting Terrain-SVS as the system should be enabled when appropriate. When Terrain-SVS is inhibited, the alert annunciation TER INH is shown on the PFD and in the annunciation window on the MFD. Figure 6-80 Terrain-SVS Alerting Disabled (Terrain-SVS Inhibited) Annunciation EICAS Inhibiting/enabling Terrain-SVS alerting: 1) Select the Terrain-SVS Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FORWARD LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) alerts are issued when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within the minimum clearance values in Figure 6-81. When an RTC alert is issued, a potential impact point is displayed on the Terrain-SVS Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Alert Type System Test Pass None Terrain Alerting Inhibited Terrain-SVS Alerting Not Available TERRAIN TEST None None “Terrain System Test OK” None None (Annunciation dependent on cause; See Table 6-10) “Terrain System Not Available”* TERRAIN FAIL “Terrain System Failure” EICAS Terrain System Test Fail Aural Message FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System Test in Progress Terrain-SVS Page Center Banner Annunciation SYSTEM OVERVIEW PFD/MFD† Alert Annunciation AUDIO PANEL & CNS † An
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.5 TAWS-B WARNING: Do not use TAWS information for primary terrain avoidance. TAWS is intended only to enhance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS situational awareness. NOTE: Terrain data is not displayed when the aircraft is outside of the terrain database coverage area. NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately EICAS processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW from the altimeter) to differ from the GPS-MSL altitude. This variation results in the aircraft’s true altitude differing from the baro-corrected altitude. DISPLAYING TAWS-B DATA FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TAWS-B uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater than 200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude. Colors are adjusted automatically as the aircraft altitude changes.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TAWS-B information can be displayed on the following maps: • PFD Inset Map • Trip Planning Page • Navigation Map Page • Flight Plan Page • TAWS-B Page • System Page Displaying terrain and obstacle information (maps other than the TAWS-B Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). EICAS 2) Select the TERRAIN Softkey to display terrain and obstacle data.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW • OBSTACLE DATA – Turns the display of obstacle data on or off and sets maximum range at which obstacles are shown 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 7) Press the ENT Key to select an option. 8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select ‘View Arc’ or ‘View 360º’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key to change the view Showing/hiding aviation information on the TAWS-B Page: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’, dependent on current state, and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Black Terrain (More than 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Map Range Arcs EICAS Red Terrain (Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) AUDIO PANEL & CNS Terrain Legend Yellow Terrain (Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Annunciation Window Figure 6-88 TAWS-B Page (ARC View) TAWS-B ALERTS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within TAWS-B software algorit
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Alert Annunciation ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-89 Alert Annunciation on the PFD INDEX APPENDICES Figure 6-90 Alert Pop-up on the MFD 374 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Potential Impact Points EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Alert Annunciation Figure 6-91 Alert Annunciation on the MFD TAWS-B Page TAWS-B INHIBIT HAZARD AVOIDANCE PDA and FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Use caution when inhibiting TAWS-B as the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS-B is inhibited, the alert annunciation TAWS INH is shown on the PFD and in the annunciation window of the MFD.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Alert Type PFD/MFD† MFD Pop-Up Alert Alert (Except TAWS-B Page) Annunciation Aural Message FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Pull Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” * “Caution
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-93 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Required Terrain Clearance RTC Level (FT) RTC Descending (FT) AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Required Terrain Clearance (FT) Minimum Terrain/Obstacle Clearance (FT) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance From Runway (NM) Distance From Runway (NM) FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-94 FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values FLTA alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is less than 200 feet above
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW PDA and FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Discretion should be used when inhibiting TAWS-B and the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS-B is inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INH’ is shown on the PFD and in the terrain annunciation window of the MFD (Figure 6-96). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 6-96 TAWS Alerting Disabled (TAWS Inhibited) Annunciation EICAS Inhibiting/enabling TAWS-B alerting: 1) Select the TAWS-B Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1000 EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 100 0 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Altitude Loss (Feet) Figure 6-97 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 1000 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Height Above Terrain (Feet) 900 800 700 600 “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” 500 400 300 200 AFCS 100 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS PFD/MFD* Status Annunciation TAWS TEST None None “TAWS System Test Test OK” TAWS-B System Failure TAWS FAIL “TAWS System Failure” TAWS-B Not Available (Annunciation dependent on cause; See Table 6-15) “TAWS Not Available”† None None System Test in Progress System Test Pass None TAWS-B FLTA Alerting Inhibited AUDIO PANEL & CNS Aural Message EICAS TAWS-B Page Center Banner Annunciation Alert Type FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During G1000 power-up, T
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAWS-B continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. If the terrain/obstacle database is not available, the aural message “TAWS System Failure” is generated along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ alert annunciation. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TAWS-B requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6.6 TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: The Traffic Information Service (TIS) is intended for advisory use only. TIS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar EICAS site.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The altitude difference between the requesting aircraft and other intruder aircraft is displayed above/below the traffic symbol in hundreds of feet. If the other aircraft is above the requesting aircraft, the altitude separation appears above the traffic symbol; if below, the altitude separation appears below. Altitude trend is displayed as an up/down arrow (for speeds greater than 500 fpm in either direction) to the right of the target symbol.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Traffic Advisory Non-Threat Traffic AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Traffic Display Enabled Figure 6-100 TIS Traffic on the Navigation Map Page Displaying traffic information (PFD Inset Map): HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1) Select the INSET Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic data on the inset map (TRFC-1). 3) Select the softkey again to display the traffic-only inset (TRFC-2).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE 7) Press the ENT Key to select an option. EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 3) Confirm TIS is in Operating Mode: Select the OPERATE Softkey to begin displaying traffic. Or: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘Operate Mode’ (shown if TIS is in Standby Mode) and press the ENT Key. Traffic Mode Annunciation EICAS “TIS Not Available” Voice Alert Status Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending AUDIO PANEL & CNS Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing “Non-Bearing” Traffic (System Unable to Determine Bearing) Distance is 4.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS To reduce the number of nuisance alerts due to proximate aircraft, the “Traffic” voice alert is generated only when the number of TAs increases. For example, when the first TA is displayed, a voice and visual annunciation are generated. As long as a single TA remains on the display, no additional voice alerts are generated.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS Traffic Map Page Annunciation NO DATA FAILED Description Data is not being received from the transponder* Data is being received from the transponder, but a failure is detected in the data stream* EICAS DATA FAILED FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up. If TIS passes the test, TIS enters Standby Mode (on the ground) or Operating Mode (in the air).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Mode Traffic Mode Annunciation (Traffic Map Page) TIS Operating OPERATING TIS Standby STANDBY (also shown in white in center of page) TIS Failed* FAIL Traffic Display Enabled Icon (Other Maps) EICAS * See Table 6-19 for additional failure annunciations Table 6-18 TIS Modes AUDIO PANEL & CNS Switching between TIS modes: 1) Select the Traffic Map Page. 2) Select the STANDBY or OPERATE Softkey to switch between modes.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6.7 TRAFFIC ADVISORY SYSTEM (TAS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Honeywell® KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for a detailed discussion of the KTA 870 TAS. TAS SYMBOLOGY The traffic Advisory System (TAS) (if equipped) is designed to help in detection and avoidance of other aircraft. TAS uses an on-board interrogator-processor and the Mode S transponder for the air-to-air traffic data link. Traffic is displayed according to the symbology shown in Table 6-20.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HAZARD AVOIDANCE The unit must be in operating mode for traffic to be displayed. The ability to switch from standby to operating mode on the ground is especially useful for scanning the airspace around the airport before takeoff. NOTE: The KTA 870 automatically transitions from STANDBY to OPERATE mode upon takeoff. Selecting the STANDBY Softkey forces the unit into Standby Mode.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW Traffic Mode Annunciation Altitude Mode FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Range Marking Ring Non-Threat Traffic, 2500’ Above, Descending Traffic Advisory, 500’ Below, Climbing EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS “Non-Bearing” Traffic (System Unable to Determine Bearing) Distance is 4.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic information (maps other than the Traffic Map Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic is now displayed on the map. EICAS When traffic is selected on maps other than the Traffic Map Page, a traffic icon is shown to indicate TAS is enabled for display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW ALTITUDE DISPLAY Changing the altitude display mode: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) On the Traffic Page, select the ALT MODE Softkey. 2) Select one of the following Softkeys: • BELOW • NORMAL • ABOVE • UNREST (unrestricted) EICAS 3) To return to the Traffic Page, select the BACK Softkey. AUDIO PANEL & CNS Or: 1) Press the MENU Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE Customizing the traffic display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With Map Setup highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-109). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Traffic Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-110). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through the selections (Figure 6-111).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW TAS ALERTS NOTE: Refer to the KTA 870 documentation for information on alerts generated by the TAS equipment. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur: • A “Traffic, Traffic” voice alert is generated when the first TA is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW HAZARD AVOIDANCE If the unit fails, an annunciation as to the cause of the failure is shown in the center of the Traffic Map Page.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) always supersedes this Pilot’s Guide. The GFC 700 is a digital Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), fully integrated within the G1000 System avionics architecture. The System Overview section provides a block diagram to support this system description.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.1 AFCS CONTROLS The AFCS Control Unit is positioned above the MFD, and has the following controls: HDG Key APR Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode 4 NAV Key FD Key 5 XFR Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode Activates/deactivates the flight director only Pressing once turns on the selected flight director in the default vertical and lateral modes. Pressing again deactivates the flight director and removes the Command Bars.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 3 4 19 18 17 16 5 6 7 13 12 8 Annunciator Light FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1 15 14 11 10 9 EICAS Figure 7-1 GMC 710 AFCS Control Unit AP DISC Switch (Autopilot Disconnect) Disengages the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director and interrupts pitch trim operation An AP DISC Switch is located on each control wheel. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT This switch may be used to acknowledge an autopilot disconnect alert and mute the associated aural tone.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Used to command manual electric pitch trim MEPT Switch (Manual Electric An MEPT Switch is located on each control wheel. Pitch Trim) This composite switch is split into left and right sides. The left switch is the ARM contact and the right switch controls the DN (forward) and UP (rearward) contacts. Pushing the MEPT ARM Switch disengages the autopilot, if currently engaged, but does not affect yaw damper operation.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 7.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The flight director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS and displays them on the PFDs. With the flight director active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the path shown by the Command Bars. Maximum commanded pitch (-12.5°, +12.5°) and roll (22°) angles, vertical acceleration, and roll rate are limited to values established during AFCS certification.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM AFCS STATUS BOX FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFDs when the flight director is active. Flight director selection and autopilot and yaw damper statuses are shown in the center of the AFCS Status Box. Lateral flight director modes are displayed on the left and vertical on the right. Armed modes are displayed in white and active in green.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e., press on, press off). In the absence of specific mode selection, the flight director reverts to the default pitch and/or roll mode(s).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND BARS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Upon activation of the flight director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFD. If the aircraft is being flown by hand, the command bars are displayed hollow (Figure 7-5). The Command Bars do not override the Aircraft Symbol. The Command Bars move together vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 7.3 VERTICAL MODES Pitch Hold Flight Level Change VNV Target Altitude Capture Glidepath 0.5° nnnnfpm -2000 to +2000 fpm 100 fpm nnn kt 90 to 188 kts 1 kt * ALTS ALT Key ALT nnnnn ft VS Key VS FLC Key FLC VNV Key VPTH ** ALTV APR Key GA Switch GP GS GA 8.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the flight director is activated (the FD Key is pressed) or switched (the XFR Key is pressed), Pitch Hold Mode is selected by default. Pitch Hold Mode is indicated as the active vertical mode by the ‘PIT’ annunciation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter), since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Pitch Hold Mode is activated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW SELECTED ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTS) Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed with activation of the following modes: • Go Around • Vertical Speed • Vertical Path Tracking (if the Selected Altitude is to be captured instead of the VNV Target Altitude) • Flight Level Change FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Pitch Hold EICAS The white ‘ALTS’ annunciation indicates Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed (see Figure 7-6 for example).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Altitude Hold Mode can be activated by pressing the ALT Key; the flight director maintains the current aircraft altitude (to the nearest 10 feet) as the Altitude Reference. The flight director’s Altitude Reference, shown in the AFCS Status Box, is independent of the Selected Altitude, displayed above the Altimeter. Altitude Hold Mode active is indicated by a green ‘ALT’ annunciation in the AFCS Status Box.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In Vertical Speed Mode, the flight director acquires and maintains a Vertical Speed Reference. Current aircraft vertical speed (to the nearest 100 fpm) becomes the Vertical Speed Reference at the moment of Vertical Speed Mode activation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter). When Flight Level Change Mode is active, the flight director continuously monitors Selected Altitude, airspeed, and altitude.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW CHANGING THE AIRSPEED REFERENCE The Airspeed Reference (shown in both the AFCS Status Box and above the Airspeed Indicator) may be adjusted by: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Using the NOSE UP/DN Wheel • Pressing the CWS Button, hand-flying the aircraft to attain a new Airspeed Reference, then releasing the CWS Button NOTE: If the Selected Altitude is reached during CWS maneuvering, the Altitude Reference is not changed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VERTICAL PATH TRACKING MODE (VPTH) NOTE: If another vertical mode key is pressed while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is selected, Vertical Path FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Tracking Mode reverts to armed. NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the descent path upon release of the CWS Button.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW Prior to descent path interception, the Selected Altitude must be set below the current aircraft altitude by at least 75 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM When a descent leg is captured (i.e., vertical deviation becomes valid), Vertical Path Tracking becomes active and tracks the descent profile (Figure 7-13). An altitude capture mode (‘ALTS’ or ‘ALTV’) is armed as appropriate.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW Automatic Reversion to Pitch Hold Mode Several situations can occur while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active which cause the flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Vertical deviation exceeds 200 feet during an overspeed condition. • Vertical deviation experiences a discontinuity that both exceeds 200 feet in magnitude and results in the vertical deviation exceeding 200 feet in magnitude.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM VNV TARGET ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTV) NOTE: Armed VNV Target Altitude and Selected Altitude capture modes are mutually exclusive. However, FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed implicitly (not annunciated) whenever VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode is armed.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glidepath Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS guides the aircraft back to the glidepath upon release of the CWS Button. Glidepath Mode is used to track the SBAS-based glidepath. When Glidepath Mode is armed, ‘GP’ is annunciated in white in the AFCS Status Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Once the following conditions have been met, the glidepath can be captured: • The active waypoint is at or after the final approach fix (FAF). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Vertical deviation is valid.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glideslope Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS guides the aircraft back to the glideslope upon release of the CWS Button. Glideslope Mode is available for LOC/ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope. When Glideslope Mode is armed (annunciated as ‘GS’ in white), LOC Approach Mode is armed as the lateral flight director mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GO AROUND MODE (GA) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Go Around mode is coupled pitch and roll modes and is annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. Pressing the GA Switch while in the air activates the flight director in a wings-level, pitchup attitude, allowing the execution of a missed approach or a go around. Go Around Mode disengages the autopilot and arms Selected Altitude Capture Mode automatically.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 7.4 LATERAL MODES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following table relates each GFC 700 lateral mode to its respective control and annunciation. Refer to the vertical modes section for information regarding Go Around mode. NOTE: The GFC 700 may generate a lower bank angle than the maximum roll command limit in degrees indicated in Table 7-3 by the amount needed to produce a turn rate equal to or less than standard rate.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) NOTE: If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the flight director rolls the wings FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS level. EICAS When the flight director is activated or switched, Roll Hold Mode is selected by default. This mode is annunciated as ‘ROL’ in the AFCS Status Box. The current aircraft bank angle is held, subject to the bank angle condition.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Heading Select Mode is activated by pressing the HDG Key. Heading Select Mode acquires and maintains the Selected Heading. The Selected Heading is shown by a light blue bug on the HSI and in the box to the upper left of the HSI. CHANGING THE SELECTED HEADING NOTE: Pressing the HDG Knob synchronizes the Selected Heading to the current heading. EICAS The Selected Heading is adjusted using the HDG Knob.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM NAVIGATION MODES (GPS, VOR, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS flight director to enter Navigation Mode. EICAS Pressing the NAV Key selects Navigation Mode. Navigation Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, LOC). The flight director follows GPS roll steering commands when GPS is the selected navigation source.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side). Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in Navigation Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM APPROACH MODES (GPS, VAPP, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS flight director to enter Approach Mode. EICAS Approach Mode is activated when the APR Key is pressed. Approach Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, or LOC), depending on loaded approach.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2) Ensure a LOC/ILS approach is loaded into the active flight plan. 3) Ensure the corresponding LOC frequency is tuned. 4) Press the APR Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW BACKCOURSE MODE (BC) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Backcourse Mode captures and tracks a localizer signal in the backcourse direction. The mode may be selected by pressing the BC Key. Backcourse Mode is armed if the CDI is greater than one dot when the mode is selected. If the CDI is less than one dot, Backcourse Mode is automatically captured when the BC Key is pressed.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 7.5 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION NOTE: Refer to the POH for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Piper PA-46 Meridian autopilot and yaw damper operate the flight control surface servos to provide automatic flight control. The autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes following commands received from the flight director.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ENGAGEMENT NOTE: Autopilot engagement/disengagement is not equivalent to servo engagement/disengagement. Use FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS the CWS Button to disengage the pitch and roll servos while the autopilot remains active. When the AP Key is pressed, the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director (if not already active) are activated and the annunciator lights on the AFCS controller for the autopilot and yaw damper are illuminated.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW DISENGAGEMENT NOTE: Pressing the AP Key does not disengage the yaw damper. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The autopilot may be manually disengaged by pushing the AP DISC, GA, or MEPT ARM Switch, or the AP Key on the AFCS Control Unit. Manual disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘AP’ annunciation and a three-second autopilot disconnect aural alert. The AP DISC or MEPT ARM Switch may be used to cancel the aural alert.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The following example flight plan and diagrams (not to be used for navigation) in this section are for instructional purposes only and should be considered not current. Numbered portions of accompanying diagrams correspond to numbered procedure steps.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 3) Use the HDG Knob to set the Selected Heading, complying with ATC vectors to intercept Airway V4. Press the HDG Key to activate Heading Select Mode while the autopilot is engaged in the climb. The autopilot follows the Selected Heading Bug on the HSI and turns the aircraft to the desired heading.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During climb-out, the autopilot continues to fly the aircraft in Heading Select Mode. Airway V4 to Salina VOR (SLN) should now be intercepted. Since the enroute flight plan waypoints correspond to VORs, flight director Navigation Mode using either VOR or GPS as the navigation source may be used. In this scenario, VOR Navigation Mode is used for navigation to the first VOR waypoint in the flight plan.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLYING A FLIGHT PLAN/GPS COURSE NOTE: Changing the navigation source cancels Navigation Mode and causes the flight director to revert FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS back to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level). As the aircraft closes on Salina VOR, GPS is used to navigate the next leg, airway V244. The aircraft is currently tracking inbound on Airway V4.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW DESCENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Flight Level Change descent – Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the Selected Altitude at a constant airspeed. This descent method does not account for flight plan waypoint altitude constraints.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW Vertical Path Tracking descent to VNV Target Altitude: 1) Select VNV flight control: a) Press the VNV Key to arm Vertical Path Tracking Mode. The white annunciation ‘VPTH’ appears. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS b) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the flight plan’s VNV Target Altitude of 10,000 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM Non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode: 1) Command a non-path descent to an intermediate altitude above the next VNV flight plan altitude. Use Flight Level Change Mode: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the current aircraft altitude to an altitude (in this case, 9,400 feet) at which to level off between VNV flight plan altitudes.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VP M EICAS TH od e Planned TOD 2 BOD ALT Mode 1 FL C Pla nn od 3 ed De sce nt ALT Mode AUDIO PANEL & CNS M e Selected Altitude of 9,400 MSL VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL Pa th TOD 4 VP TH Mo VNAV Target Altitude of 9,000 MSL de 5 BOD ALT Mode FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Altitude 3 nm OPSHN HABUK Figure 7-39 Non-path Descent HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM APPROACH Flying an ILS approach: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Transition from GPS Navigation Mode to Heading Select Mode. a) Select the Runway 35L ILS approach for KCOS and select ‘VECTORS’ for the transition. Load and activate the approach into the flight plan. b) Use the HDG Knob to set the Selected Heading after getting vectors from ATC. EICAS c) Press the HDG Key. The autopilot turns the aircraft to the desired heading.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flying a RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: 1) Arm flight director modes for a RNAV GPS approach with vertical guidance: a) Make sure the navigation source is set to GPS (use CDI Softkey to change navigation source). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS b) Select the Runway 35R LPV approach for KCOS. Load and activate the approach into the flight plan. 2) Press the APR Key once clearance for approach has been received.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH NOTE: As a result of calculations performed by the system while flying the holding pattern, the display may FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS re-size automatically and the aircraft may not precisely track the holding pattern as depicted on the PFD and MFD. Flying a missed approach: EICAS 1) Push the GA Switch at the Decision height and apply go around power to execute a missed approach.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4) The autopilot flies the holding pattern after the missed approach is activated. Annunciations are displayed in the Navigation Status Box, above the AFCS Status Box. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS 4 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT GPS NAV Mode AUDIO PANEL & CNS MOGAL 3 2 HAZARD AVOIDANCE GA Mode KCOS 1 AFCS Figure 7-42 Go Around/Missed Approach ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.6 AFCS ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AFCS STATUS ALERTS The annunciations in Table 7-5 (listed in order of increasing priority) can appear on the PFDs (Figure 7-43) above the Airspeed and Attitude indicators. Only one annunciation may occur at a time, and messages are prioritized by criticality.
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM SYSTEM OVERVIEW OVERSPEED PROTECTION NOTE: Overspeed protection is not active in Altitude Hold, Glideslope or Glidepath modes. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Vertical Path Tracking, or an altitude capture mode is active, airspeed is monitored by the flight director.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM BlankPage 448 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: With the availability of SafeTaxi®, ChartView, or FliteCharts®, it may be necessary to carry another source of charts on-board the aircraft.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.1 SYNTHETIC VISION SYSTEM (SVS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: Use appropriate primary systems for navigation, and for terrain, obstacle, and traffic avoidance. SVS is intended as an aid to situational awareness only and may not provide either the accuracy or reliability upon which to solely base decisions and/or plan maneuvers to avoid terrain, obstacles, or traffic.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-1 Synthetic Vision Imagery SVS OPERATION HAZARD AVOIDANCE SVS is activated from the PFD using the softkeys located along the bottom edge of the display. Selecting the softkeys turns the related function on or off. When SVS is enabled, the pitch scale increments are reduced to 10 degrees up and 7.5 degrees down. AFCS SVS functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS PFD SYN VIS BACK Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. BACK EICAS PATHWAY SYN TERR HRZN HDG APTSIGNS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Pressing the BACK Softkey returns to the previous level of softkeys. Figure 8-2 SVS Softkeys Activating and deactivating SVS: FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 1) Select the PFD Softkey. 2) Select the SYN VIS Softkey. 3) Select the SYN TERR Softkey. The SVS display will cycle on or off with the SYN TERR Softkey.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW SVS FEATURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Altitude Airport Runway Pathways Color Matches CDI Indicating NAV Source Flight Path Marker Airplane Symbol EICAS Zero Pitch Line (ZPL) with Compass Heading Marks AUDIO PANEL & CNS Synthetic Terrain FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE SVS Softkeys Figure 8-3 SVS on the Primary Flight Display NOTE: Pathways and terrain features are not a substitute for standard course and altitude deviation information provided by the
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Altitude FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS Programmed Altitudes HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 8-4 Programmed and Selected Altitude AFCS Pathways provide supplemental glidepath information on an active ILS, LPV, LNAV/VNAV, and some LNAV approaches. Pathways are intended as an aid to situational awareness and should not be used independent of the CDI, VDI, glide path indicator, and glide slope indicator.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Descent and Approach FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Pathways are shown descending only for a programmed descent (Figures 8-5, 8-6). When the flight plan includes programmed descent segments, pathways are displayed along the descent path provided that the selected altitude is lower than the programmed altitude. EICAS During a Vectors-to-Final (VTF) approach transition, pathways are displayed along the final approach course inbound to the Missed Approach Point (MAP).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES Missed Approach FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Upon activating the missed approach, pathways lead to the Missed Approach Holding Point (MAHP) and are displayed as a level path at the published altitude for the MAHP, or the selected altitude, whichever is the highest. If the initial missed approach leg is a Course-to-Altitude (CA) leg, the pathways boxes will be displayed level at the altitude published for the MAHP.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT PATH MARKER FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Flight Path Marker (FPM), also known as a Velocity Vector, is displayed on the PFD at groundspeeds above 30 knots. The FPM depicts the approximate projected path of the aircraft accounting for wind speed and direction relative to the three-dimensional terrain display. The FPM is always available when the Synthetic Terrain feature is in operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES HORIZON HEADING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Horizon Heading is synchronized with the HSI and shows approximately 60 degrees of compass heading in 30‑degree increments on the Zero Pitch Line. Horizon Heading tick marks and digits appearing on the zero pitch line are not visible behind either the airspeed or altitude display. Horizon Heading is used for general heading awareness, and is activated and deactivated by selecting the HRZN HDG Softkey.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW RUNWAYS WARNING: Do not use SVS runway depiction as the sole means for determining the proximity of the aircraft FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS to the runway or for maintaining the proper approach path angle during landing. NOTE: Not all airports have runways with endpoint data in the database, therefore, these runways are not displayed. EICAS Runway data provides improved awareness of runway location with respect to the surrounding terrain.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERRAIN-SVS AND TAWS ALERTING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Terrain alerting on the synthetic terrain display is triggered by Forward-looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) alerts, and corresponds to the red and yellow X symbols on the Inset Map and MFD map displays. For more detailed information regarding Terrain-SVS and TAWS, refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Obstacles are represented on the synthetic terrain display by standard two-dimensional tower symbols found on the Inset map and MFD maps and charts. Obstacle symbols appear in the perspective view with relative height above terrain and distance from the aircraft.
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES AUDIO PANEL & CNS Field of View FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Navigation Map Page OPTIONS Menu Map Setup Menu, Map Group, Field of View Option Figure 8-12 Option Menus 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Map Group and press the ENT Key. HAZARD AVOIDANCE 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Map Group options to FIELD OF VIEW. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select On or Off. 6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.2 SAFETAXI FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SafeTaxi is an enhanced feature that gives greater map detail when viewing airports at close range. The maximum map ranges for enhanced detail are pilot configurable. When viewing at ranges close enough to show the airport detail, the map reveals taxiways with identifying letters/numbers, airport Hot Spots, and airport landmarks including ramps, buildings, control towers, and other prominent features.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During ground operations the aircraft’s position is displayed in reference to taxiways, runways, and airport features. In the example shown, the aircraft is on taxiway Bravo inside the High Alert Intersection boundary on KSFO airport. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. When panning over the airport, features such as runway holding lines and taxiways are shown at the cursor.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Configuring SafeTaxi range: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Map Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 8-15 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to SAFETAXI.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES SAFETAXI CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS SafeTaxi Database Figure 8-17 Power-up Page, SafeTaxi Database HAZARD AVOIDANCE Power-up Page Display Definition Normal operation.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW The SafeTaxi database cycle number shown in Figure 8-18, 09S3, is deciphered as follows: 09 – Indicates the year 2009 S – Indicates the data is for SafeTaxi FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3 – Indicates the third issue of the SafeTaxi database for the year The SafeTaxi EFFECTIVE date 07–MAY–09 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. SafeTaxi EXPIRES date 02–JUL–09 is the revision date for the next database cycle.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 8-19 illustrates possible SafeTaxi database conditions that may appear on the AUX - System Status Page. The EFFECTIVE date is the beginning date for this database cycle. If the present date is before the effective date, the EFFECTIVE date appears in yellow and the EXPIRES date appears in blue. The EXPIRES date is the revision date for the next database cycle.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.3 CHARTVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ChartView resembles the paper version of Jeppesen terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed in full color with high-resolution. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the moving map in the plan view of approach charts and on airport diagrams. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. The ChartView database subscription is available from Jeppesen, Inc.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart page can be scrolled using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The aircraft symbol is shown on the chart only if the chart is to scale and the aircraft position is within the boundaries of the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey has no effect. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The aircraft position is shown in magenta on the ChartView diagrams when the location of the aircraft is within the chart boundaries. In the example shown, the aircraft is taxiing on Taxiway Alpha on the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) airport.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the example shown in Figure 8-26, the Class B Chart is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the Charlotte Class B Airspace Chart (Figure 8-27). HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 8-27 Airport Information Page, Class B Chart Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Change Range and Scroll Through the Chart With the Joystick AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-29 Arrival Information Page HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver, when available. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the XM Weather subscription is current.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-32 NOTAM Available NOTAM Softkey Appears for Selected Airports HAZARD AVOIDANCE Local NOTAM on This Airport AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES NOTAM Softkey Selected Figure 8-33 Airport Information Page, Local NOTAMs INDEX Selecting the NOTAM Softkey again removes the NOTAMS information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-20). EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete approach chart on the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the HEADER Softkey shows the header view (approach chart briefing strip) on the screen. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Approach Chart Briefing Strip AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-35 Approach Information Page, Header View HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selecting the PLAN Softkey shows the approach chart two dimensional plan view.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting the PROFILE Softkey displays the approach chart descent profile strip. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS Approach Chart Descent Profile Strip Figure 8-37 Approach Information Page, Profile View, Full Screen Width ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selecting the MINIMUMS Softkey displays the minimum descent altitude/visibility strip at the bottom of the approach chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the chart scale has been adjusted to view a small area of the chart, selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey changes the chart size to fit the available screen width. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-39 Airport Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Selecting Additional Information: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the FULL SCN Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the AIRPORT, INFO, RUNWAYS, or FREQUENCIES Box (INFO Box shown).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW The full screen view can also be selected by using the page menu option. Selecting full screen On or Off: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Chart Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to move between the FULL SCREEN and COLOR SCHEME Options. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to choose between the On and Off Full Screen Options.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ChartView can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-43 Arrival Information Page, Day View HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES Figure 8-44 Arrival Information Page, Night View INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The ChartView database is revised every 14 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. ChartView is disabled 70 days after the expiration date and is no longer available for viewing. After the expiration date, the ChartView database is no longer current, however, data displayed on the actual charts may still be current.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The ChartView time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The database CYCLE number, EXPIRES, and DISABLES dates of the ChartView subscription appear in either blue or yellow text. When the ChartView EXPIRES date is reached, ChartView becomes inoperative 70 days later. This is shown as the DISABLES date. When the DISABLES date is reached, charts are no longer available for viewing.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Other possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-47. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable. CYCLE NOT AVAILABLE in blue, indicates no ChartView data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.4 FLITECHARTS • Departure Procedures (DP) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FliteCharts resemble the paper version of AeroNav Services terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed with high-resolution and in color for applicable charts. FliteCharts database subscription is available from Garmin.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to Show Chart. HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW When a chart is not available by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained for other airports from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the active flight plan, the chart appears on the screen.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES While the APPROACH Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank. Once the desired chart is selected, the chart scale can be changed and the chart can be panned using the Joystick. Pressing the Joystick centers the chart on the screen. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The aircraft symbol is not shown on FliteCharts. The Chart Scale Box displays a banner NOT TO SCALE, and the Aircraft Not Shown Icon is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pressing the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey returns to the airport diagram chart when the view is on a terminal procedure chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram chart, pressing the INFO-1 or INFO-2 Softkey returns to the Airport Information Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart (Figure 8-53) or to the right of the chart (Figure 8-54) for certain airports.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the example shown in Figure 8-54, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the IFR Alternate Minimums Chart (Figure 8-55). HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 8-55 Airport Information Page, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS Selected from INFO View INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-57 Arrival Information Page HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, when available, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the XM Weather subscription is current. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the WX Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-48). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the complete chart on the screen. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Complete Chart Shown FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 8-60 Airport Information Page, ALL View Selected AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-00763-02 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey fits the width of the chart in the display viewing area. In the example shown, the chart at close range is replaced with the full width chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE Select FULL SCN Softkey to Switch Between Chart on Full Screen and Chart with Info Window AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-62 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys.
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES AUDIO PANEL & CNS Chart Setup Option Full Screen On/Off Selection Figure 8-63 Page Menus DAY/NIGHT VIEW FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FliteCharts can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the MFD softkeys are blank.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW backlighting intensity. For example, if the value is set to 15%, the day/night display changes when the display backlight reaches 15% of full brightness. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The display must be changed in order for the new setting to become active. This may be accomplished by selecting another page or changing the display range. 6) Press the FMS Knob when finished to remove the Chart Setup Menu.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLITECHARTS CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FliteCharts data is revised every 28 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. FliteCharts is disabled 180 days after the expiration date and are no longer available for viewing upon reaching the disables date.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW When the 180 day grace period has expired, ‘Chart data is disabled.’ in yellow indicates that the FliteCharts database has expired and is no longer viewable. ‘Chart Data: N/A’ appears in white if no FliteCharts data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS FliteCharts time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES The FliteCharts database is provided from Garmin. Refer to Updating Garmin Databases in Appendix B for instructions on revising the FliteCharts database. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The other three possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown here. The EXPIRES date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The DISABLES date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.5 AOPA AIRPORT DIRECTORY FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) Airport Directory database offers detailed information regarding services, hours of operation, lodging options, and more. This information is viewed on the Airport Information Page by selecting the INFO Softkey until INFO-2 is displayed as shown in Figure 8-70.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS AOPA Database Figure 8-71 Power-up Page, Airport Directory Database FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Power-up Page Display Definition Normal operation. AOPA Airport Directory database is valid and within current cycle. AOPA Airport Directory database has expired. HAZARD AVOIDANCE Database card contains no AOPA Airport Directory data.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Airport Directory EFFECTIVE date 15–APR–09 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. The Airport Directory EXPIRES date 14–JUL–09 is the revision date for the next database cycle. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS Airport Directory Data AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-72 AUX – System Status Page, Airport Directory Current Information HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS Airport Directory information appears in blue and yellow text.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.6 XM RADIO ENTERTAINMENT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for information about XM Weather products. The optional XM Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver is available for the pilot’s and passengers’ enjoyment. The GDL 69A can receive XM Satellite Radio® entertainment services at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5) Verify that the desired services are activated. 6) Select the LOCK Softkey. 7) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight YES. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 8) To complete activation, press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES USING XM RADIO FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The XM Radio Page provides information and control of the audio entertainment features of the XM Satellite Radio. Selecting the XM Radio Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Auxiliary Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the displayed AUX - XM Information Page. EICAS 3) Select the RADIO Softkey to show the XM Radio Page where audio entertainment is controlled.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting a channel directly: 1) While on the XM Radio Page, select the CHNL Softkey. 2) Select the DIR CH Softkey. The channel number in the Active Channel Box is highlighted. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Select the numbered softkeys located on the bottom of the display to directly select the desired channel number. 4) Press the ENT Key to activate the selected channel.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES PRESETS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Up to 15 channels from any category can be assigned a preset number. The preset channels are selected by selecting the PRESETS and MORE Softkeys. Then the preset channel can be selected directly and added to the channel list for the Presets category.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.7 SCHEDULER FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., Change oil, Switch fuel tanks, or Altimeter-Transponder Check) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MM-YY) and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: EICAS 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.8 ABNORMAL OPERATION SVS TROUBLESHOOTING FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SVS is intended to be used with traditional attitude, heading, obstacle, terrain, and traffic inputs. SVS is disabled when valid attitude or heading data is not available for the display. In case of invalid SVS data, the PFD display reverts to the standard blue-over-brown attitude display.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES UNUSUAL ATTITUDES FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Unusual attitudes are displayed with red chevrons overlaid on the display indicating the direction to fly to correct the unusual attitude condition. The display shows either a brown or blue colored bar at the top or bottom of the screen to represent earth or sky. This is intended to prevent losing sight of the horizon during extreme pitch attitudes.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SYSTEM OVERVIEW GDL 69/69A DATA LINK RECEIVER TROUBLESHOOTING Some quick troubleshooting steps listed below can be performed to find the possible cause of a failure.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADDITIONAL FEATURES If a failure still exists, the following messages may provide insight as to the possible problem: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message CHECK ANTENNA UPDATING NO SIGNAL LOADING OFF AIR --- Message Location XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Weather Datalink Page - center of page XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Description Dat
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS NOTE: The Piper Meridian Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) supersedes information found in this document. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CAS MESSAGES The following messages are configured specifically for the Piper Meridian. Red annunciation window text signifies warnings and yellow, cautions, and white, annunciation advisories. See the EICAS section for more information on CAS messages. See the POH for recommended pilot actions.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Warning Messages OIL PRESSURE OIL TEMPERATURE NG OVERSPEED L/R PITOT HT FAIL PROP HEAT FAIL PROP SPEED SURF DE-ICE FAIL TORQUE VOLTS WNDSHLD OVRTEMP Description Low or high oil pressure Low or high oil temperature Gas generator overspeed Left and Right Pitot Heat Fail Propeller heat failure Propeller over or under-speed Surface de-ice fail Torque is too high Bus voltage is high or low Windshield heater over-temperature or controller malfunction CAUTI
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Description Generator is off Engine ignition is on Oxygen system has been turned on Starter engaged when Ng is less than 56% Standby attitude battery test pass (standby attitude indicator must be off) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Advisory Messages GENERATOR OFF IGNITION ON OXYGEN STARTER ENGAGED STBY BAT TEST OK * Only affected side (L, R) displayed in CAS message; noted CAS messages display L/R as an example.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A Testing the system annunciation tone: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the ANN TEST Softkey. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS b) Highlight ‘Enable Annunciator Test Mode’ and press the ENT Key. Press to Test Annunciation Tone Figure A-2 System Status Page, Annunciation Tone Testing AFCS ALERT LEVEL DEFINITIONS See the EICAS section for alert level definitions.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW VOICE ALERTS Airspeed has exceeded VMO. The aircraft has descended below the preset minimum descent altitude or decision altitude. The aircraft is one minute from Top of Descent. Issued only when vertical navigation is enabled. Countdown timer on the PFD has reached zero. The Traffic Information Service (TIS) has issued a Traffic Advisory alert. The aircraft is outside the TIS coverage area (not available with TAS installed).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Comparator Window Reversionary Sensor Window EICAS Figure A-3 Comparator and Reversionary Sensor Annunciation Windows REVERSIONARY SENSOR ANNUNCIATIONS AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS Reversionary Sensor Window Text BOTH ON ADC1 BOTH ON ADC2 BOTH ON AHRS1 BOTH ON AHRS2 BOTH ON GPS1 BOTH ON GPS2 USING ADC1 USING ADC2 USING AHRS1 USING AHRS2 USING GPS1 USING GPS2 Condition Both PFDs are displaying data from the number one Air
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System Annunciation Red ‘X’ EICAS Messages Window AUDIO PANEL & CNS GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure A-4 G1000 System Messages MSG Softkey Annunciation HAZARD AVOIDANCE GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units GDC 74A Air Data Computer AFCS GRS 77 AHRS Or GMU 44 Magnetometer ADDITIONAL FEATURES GEA 71 Engine Airframe Unit Or GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units APPENDICES GDC 74A Air Data Computer
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A System Annunciation Comment FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning. AUDIO PANEL & CNS Display system is not receiving airspeed input from air data computer. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT EICAS Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS. Display system is not receiving valid heading input from AHRS. AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Display system is not receiving altitude input from the air data computer.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW G1000 SYSTEM MESSAGE ADVISORIES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This section describes various G1000 system message advisories. Certain messages are issued due to an LRU or an LRU function failure. Such messages are normally accompanied by a corresponding red ‘X’ annunciation as shown previously in the G1000 System Annunciation section. NOTE: This Section provides information regarding G1000 message advisories that may be displayed by the system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message PFD1 KEYSTK – PFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. PFD2 KEYSTK – PFD2 [key name] Key is stuck. MFD1 KEYSTK – MFD [key name] Key is stuck. CNFG MODULE – PFD1 configuration module is inoperative. PFD1 VOLTAGE – PFD1 has low voltage. Reducing power usage PFD2 VOLTAGE – PFD2 has low voltage. Reducing power usage MFD1 VOLTAGE – MFD1 has low voltage. Reducing power usage Comments A key is stuck on the PFD and/or MFD bezel.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Comments The MFD and/or PFD detected a failure in the obstacle database. Ensure that the data card is properly inserted. Replace data card. If problem persists, the G1000 system should be serviced. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EICAS The obstacle database is present on another LRU, but is missing on the specified LRU. AUDIO PANEL & CNS The MFD and/or PFD detected a failure in the airport terrain database. Ensure that the data card is properly inserted. Replace data card.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A Comments The PFDs and MFD have different standby navigation database versions or types (Americas, European, etc.) installed. Install correct standby navigation database version or type in all displays. DB MISMATCH – Terrain database The PFDs and MFD have different terrain database versions or types installed. Install mismatch. correct terrain database version or type in all displays. DB MISMATCH – Obstacle database The PFDs and MFD have different obstacle database installed.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW GIA 63W MESSAGE ADVISORIES The GIA1 and/or GIA2 configuration settings do not match backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. The GIA1 and/or GIA2 have an error in the audio configuration. The G1000 system should be serviced. EICAS The GIA1 and/or GIA2 temperature is too low to operate correctly. Allow units to warm up to operating temperature. AUDIO PANEL & CNS The GIA1 and/or GIA2 temperature is too high.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message COM1 PTT – COM1 push-to-talk key is stuck. COM2 PTT – COM2 push-to-talk key is stuck. COM1 RMT XFR – COM1 remote transfer key is stuck. COM2 RMT XFR – COM2 remote transfer key is stuck. LOI – GPS integrity lost. Crosscheck with other NAVS. GPS NAV LOST – Loss of GPS navigation. Insufficient satellites. GPS NAV LOST – Loss of GPS navigation.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW GEA 71 MESSAGE ADVISORIES Comments The GEA1 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. The GEA2 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. The #1 GEA 71 has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. The #2 GEA 71 has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 not receiving any GPS information. AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 not receiving any GPS information. AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 not receiving backup GPS information. AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 not receiving backup GPS information. AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 operating exclusively in no-GPS mode. AHRS2 GPS – AHRS2 operating exclusively in no-GPS mode.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW GDL 69A MESSAGE ADVISORIES Comments GDL 69 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. A failure has been detected in the GDL 69. The receiver is unavailable. The G1000 system should be serviced MANIFEST – GDL software mismatch, The GDL 69 has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. communication halted. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message GDL69 CONFIG – GDL 69 config error.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A GCU 476 MESSAGE ADVISORIES EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message GCU CNFG – GCU Config error. Config service req’d. GCU FAIL – GCU is inoperative. MANIFEST – GCU software mismatch, communication halted. GCU KEYSTK – GCU [key name] Key is stuck. Comments GCU 475 configuration settings do not match those of backup configuration memory. The G1000 system should be serviced. A failure has been detected in the GCU 475. The GCU 475 is unavailable.
APPENDIX A Special use airspace is within 2 nm of the aircraft position. The system notifies the pilot that the loaded approach is not active. Activate approach when required. The system notifies the pilot to load the approach frequency for the appropriate NAV receiver. Select the correct frequency for the approach. The system notifies the pilot to set the CDI to the correct NAV receiver. Set the CDI to the correct NAV receiver. Bad parallel track geometry.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message TRAFFIC FAIL – Traffic device has failed. STRMSCP FAIL – Stormscope has failed. FAILED PATH – A data path has failed. MAG VAR WARN – Large magnetic variance. Verify all course angles. Stormscope has failed. The G1000 system should be serviced. A data path connected to the GDU or the GIA 63/W has failed. The GDU’s internal model cannot determine the exact magnetic variance for geographic locations near the magnetic poles.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT PLAN IMPORT/EXPORT MESSAGES In some circumstances, some messages may appear in conjunction with others. ‘User waypoint database full. Not all loaded.’ AFCS ‘Flight plan successfully exported.’ ‘Flight export failed.’ HAZARD AVOIDANCE ‘One or more user waypoints renamed.’ FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ‘Some waypoints not loaded. Waypoints locked.’ AUDIO PANEL & CNS ‘Too many points. Flight plan truncated.’ EICAS ‘File contained user waypoints only.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A AFCS ALERTS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System Status Field Figure A-6 AFCS System Status Field EICAS The following alert annunciations appear in the AFCS System Status field on the PFD. AUDIO PANEL & CNS Condition Pitch Failure Roll Failure Yaw Damper Failure FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Pitch Trim Failure (or stuck MEPT Switch) System Failure HAZARD AVOIDANCE Elevator Mistrim Down Elevator Mistrim Up Aileron Mistrim Right Annunciation Description Pitch axis control failure.
APPENDIX A SYSTEM OVERVIEW TERRAIN-SVS ALERTS Alert Type MFD Pop-Up Alert (except Terrain-SVS Page Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) Aural Message FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS PFD/MFD† Alert Annunciation “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” “Warning; Terrain, Terrain” “Warning; Obstacle, Obstacle” EICAS Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning (ROC) Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) “Warning; Obstacle, Obstacle” “Caution; Terrain, Terrain” AUDIO PANEL & CN
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX A TAWS-B ALERTS PFD/MFD† Alert Annunciation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Alert Type MFD Pop-Up Alert (except TAWS-B Page Aural Message “Pull Up” Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up” Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” EICAS Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning (ROC) “Obstacle, Obstacle;
APPENDIX B SYSTEM OVERVIEW SD CARD USE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G1000 System uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD cards are required for database storage as well as Jeppesen aviation and ChartView database updates. CAUTION: Do not load Jeppesen navigation data (except ChartView) onto Garmin Supplemental Data Cards. JEPPESEN DATABASES EICAS The Jeppesen navigation database is updated on a 28-day cycle.
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX B AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure B-2 Database Update Confirmation 5) After the update completes, the display starts in normal mode. 6) Turn the system OFF and remove the SD card. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 7) Repeat steps 1 through 4 for the other PFD and the MFD. The MFD and PFD databases are now updated. Remove the SD card when finished. 8) During MFD startup, verify that the correct update cycle is loaded.
APPENDIX B SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure B-3 Standby Navigation Database Prompt EICAS 4) Press the YES Softkey, to start the update. AUDIO PANEL & CNS 5) After the navigation database files are copied to the bottom SD card. A prompt similar to the following is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX B GARMIN DATABASES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following databases are stored on Supplemental Data Cards provided by Garmin: • Expanded basemap • Airport terrain • SafeTaxi • Terrain • Obstacle • FliteCharts • Airport Directory (AOPA) AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS After subscribing to the desired database product, these database products will be downloaded to three Supplemental Data Cards (with the exception of FliteCharts, which is loaded on only one card).
APPENDIX B SYSTEM OVERVIEW NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The AOPA Airport Directory provides data on airports and heliports throughout the U.S., and offers detailed information for over 5,300 U. S. airports, along with the names and phone numbers of thousands of FBOs.
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX B AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure B-6 Database Information on the Power-up Screen 3) Acknowledge the Power-up Page agreement by pressing the ENT Key or the right most softkey. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page.
APPENDIX B SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUTOMATIC DATABASE SYNCHRONIZATION FEATURE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The automatic database synchronization feature automatically transfers the database from a single SD database card to the SD cards on each PFD and the MFD to ensure that all databases are synchronized throughout the system. After power-up, the system compares all copies of each applicable database.
FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX B Figure B-8 AUX-System Status Page, Database Window AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE The Display Database Softkey (Figure B-7) is used to place the cursor in the Database Window. Upon first press of the Display Database Softkey, the softkey will change to a selected state (black text on gray background) and the cursor will appear in the Database Window.
APPENDIX B SYSTEM OVERVIEW Description An active synchronization has been canceled using the SYNC DBS Softkey SD card does not contain sufficient memory Displayed for all other errors that may cause the synchronization process to be halted System timed-out prior to the database transfer completing FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Error Message Canceled Card Full Err Timeout Table B-1 AUDIO PANEL & CNS Enabled EICAS The SYNC DBS Softkey (Figure B-10) on the AUX–System Status Page allows the flight crew control ove
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX B Blank Page 552 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
APPENDIX C SYSTEM OVERVIEW GLOSSARY auxiliary Automated Weather Observing System B ALT BARO BATT BC Bearing barometric altitude barometric setting battery backcourse The compass direction from the present position to a destination waypoint.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX C Course FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Course to Steer AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS CR CRG CRNT Crosstrack Error HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT CRS CRS CRSR CTA CTRL Cumulative CVR CVRG CWS CYL APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS D ALT DB, DBASE dBZ DCLTR, DECLTR DEC FUEL deg DEIC, DEICE DEP Desired Track INDEX DEST DF DFLT DGRD 554 The line between two points to be followed by the aircraft. The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course.
APPENDIX C glideslope go-around gallon(s) gearbox Garmin Air Data Computer Garmin Satellite Data Link Garmin Display Unit Garmin Engine/Airframe Unit geographic Garmin Flight Control Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit Global Navigation Satellite Landing System GMA Garmin Audio Panel System GMT Greenwich Mean Time GMU Garmin Magnetometer Unit GND ground gph gallons per hour GPS Global Positioning System Grid MORA Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude; one degree latitude by one degree longitude in size and clears th
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX C GTX Garmin Transponder HA HDG Heading Hold Terminating at Altitude heading The direction an aircraft is pointed, based upon indications from a magnetic compass or a properly set directional gyro. Hold Terminating at Fix Horizontal Figure of Merit mercury high High Sensitivity Hold with Manual Termination A measure of the uncertainty in the aircraft’s horizontal position.
APPENDIX C Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian INDEX pressure altitude Passenger Address Proximity Advisory passenger(s) personal computer Primary Flight Display Procedure Turn to Course Intercept pitch position parts per million Present Position pressure procedure(s), procedure turn pounds per square inch Procedure Turn APPENDICES P ALT PA PA PASS PC PFD PI PIT, PTCH POSN PPM P.
EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX C PTK PTT PWR parallel track Push-to-Talk power SEL, SLCT SFC SIAP QTY quantity R RAD RAIM REQ RES REV RF RMI RMT RNG RNWY ROL ROM rpm RST FUEL RSV RT RVRSNRY RX right, right runway radial Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring random access memory reference remaining (fuel remaining above Reserve) required reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot) reverse, revision, revise Constant Radius Turn to Fix Radio Magnetic Indicator remote range runway ro
APPENDIX C APPENDICES INDEX Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian ADDITIONAL FEATURES transfer transponder cross-talk cross-track AFCS 190-00763-02 Rev. A XFER, XFR XPDR XTALK XTK HAZARD AVOIDANCE velocity (airspeed) Heading Vector to Altitude VOR approach variation Heading Vector to DME Distance volts, direct current vertical A measure of the uncertainty in the aircraft’s vertical position.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX C Blank Page 560 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Piper PA-46 Meridian 190-00763-02 Rev.
APPENDIX D SYSTEM OVERVIEW FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If a particular aspect of G1000 operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers. What is SBAS? EICAS The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal errors.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX D For RAIM to work correctly, the GPS receiver must track at least five satellites. A minimum of six satellites is required to allow RAIM to eliminate a single corrupt satellite from the navigation solution. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS RAIM ensures that satellite geometry allows for a navigation solution calculation within a specified protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic and en route, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
APPENDIX D SYSTEM OVERVIEW When OBS mode is active, the G1000 allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a waypoint using the CRS/BARO Knob and HSI (much like a VOR). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The most common application for using the OBS Softkey is the missed approach. The G1000 suspends automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’ annunciation placed on the HSI) when the missed approach point (MAP) is crossed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX D Why does the HSI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the crosstrack distance to the desired course, not on the angular relationship to the destination. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS is constant regardless of the distance to the destination and does not become less sensitive when further away from the destination.
APPENDIX E SYSTEM OVERVIEW MAP SYMBOLS NOTE: Refer to the Flight Management Section for the topography legend and the Hazard Avoidance AIRPORT FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Section for XM Weather Product legends.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX E MISCELLANEOUS STORMSCOPE LIGHTNING STRIKES Item Symbol FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency Item Symbol Lightning Strike (0-6 sec ago) Lightning Strike (6-20 sec ago) Default Map Pointer Lightning Strike (20-60 sec ago) EICAS Elevation Pointer Lightning Strike (60-120 sec ago) TRAFFIC Wind Vector AUDIO PANEL & CNS Item HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Measuring Pointer Symbol Non-threat Traffic (hollow diamond) Overzoom Indicator Proximity
APPENDIX E SYSTEM OVERVIEW TERRAIN AVOIDANCE COLORS AND SYMBOLS Potential Impact Point Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude 100 ft Threshold 1000 ft FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Projected Flight Path Unlighted Obstacle EICAS Terrain Color Terrain Location Red (WARNING) Terrain above, or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow (CAUTION) Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Black Terrain more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure E-1 TAWS Color Chart F
SYSTEM OVERVIEW APPENDIX E HAZARD AVOIDANCE FEATURES FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This table identifies the symbols displayed in the lower right corner of PFD or MFD maps to indicate which hazard avoidance features are activated for display.
INDEX EICAS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT B Backcourse Mode-------------------------------------------430 Backlighting-------------------------------------------------- 51 Barometric setting, Altimeter----------------------54, 60–61 Basic Empty Weight----------------------------------------262 Basic Operating Weight------------------------------------262 Battery Current--------------------------------------------------89, 93 Overheat warning-----------------------------97, 519, 520 Voltage----------
SYSTEM OVERVIEW INDEX EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Command Bars----------------------------------------------406 Communication (COM) Frequency Window------------- 54 Comparator Annunciations--------------------------------523 Comparator Window---------------------------------------- 80 COM radio selection----------------------------------------108 COM tuning failure-----------------------------------------144 Controls (Softkeys)-------------------------------------- 22–25 Control Wheel Steering (CWS)-------
INDEX M Magnetometer-------------------------------------------- 1, 21 Map Pages-------------------------------------------------------- 35 Panning----------------------------------------------------155 Symbols----------------------------------------------------565 Marker beacon----------------------------------------------127 Annunciations--------------------------------------------- 84 MASQ processing-------------------------------------------101 Measurement units, changing displayed----------------- 42
SYSTEM OVERVIEW INDEX FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Nearest Airport-------------------- 181, 182, 183, 184, 255 Frequency tuning-----------------------------------------112 Minimum Runway Length------------------------------184 Surface Matching----------------------------------------184 Nearest Pages (NRST)--------------------------------------- 36 Nearest VOR-------------------------------------------------190 Night view-------------------------------------------- 485, 501 Non-path descent-------------------------
INDEX AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT U Unable to display chart----------------------------- 470, 490 Updating Garmin databases------------------------------467 V HAZARD AVOIDANCE VDI----------------------------------------------------- 286, 287 Vertical deviation-------------------------------------- 60, 416 Vertical deviation guidance-------------------------------244 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI)-------------------- 63, 286 Vertical navigation------------------------------------------243 Di
SYSTEM OVERVIEW INDEX EICAS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Voice alerts, TIS Traffic------------------------- 387, 397, 523 Voice alerts, traffic------------------------------------------- 81 Voltage-------------------------------------------------------- 89 Volume-------------------------------------------------------512 Volume level COM-------------------------------------------------------118 NAV--------------------------------------------------------121 VOR Nearest--------------------------------------------- 1
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