Cessna Citation Mustang
Copyright © 2006, 2007 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0435.08 or later for the Cessna Citation Mustang. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/391.
LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain function. The G1000 Terrain Proximity feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS, AND NOTES WARNING: The United States government operates the Global Positioning System and is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The GPS system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Portions of the Garmin G1000 utilize GPS as a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID). Therefore, as with all NAVAIDs, information presented by the G1000 can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.
REVISION INFORMATION Record of Revisions Part Number 190-00494-00 190-00494-01 iv Revision Date A October, 2006 B November, 2006 A B February, 2007 May, 2007 Page Range i through I-6 4-7, 4-16, 4-34 5-108 through 5-126 7-33 through 7-45 i through I-6 i through I-6 Description Production release Added ‘SQ’ and ‘RX’ annunciations. Added transponder code entry using the FMS Knob. Added flying an example flight plan to the GPS Navigation section.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Description ..............................................1-1 Line Replaceable Units (LRU) ..............................1-2 G1000 Controls.....................................................1-7 PFD Controls .............................................................1-7 Controls Associated With the MFD ..............................1-9 AFCS Controls .........................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4 GTX 33/33D Mode S Transponders ...................4-29 Transponder Controls ...............................................4-29 Transponder Mode Selection .....................................4-30 Entering a Transponder Code ....................................4-33 IDENT Function .......................................................4-34 Flight ID Reporting ..................................................4-35 4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions ....................4-36 Power-Up ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.3 Terrain Awareness & Warning System (TAWS) 6-50 Displaying TAWS Data ..............................................6-51 TAWS Page .............................................................6-52 TAWS Alerts ............................................................6-55 System Status..........................................................6-63 6.4 Traffic Information Service (TIS) .......................6-64 Displaying TRAFFIC Data ..........................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS G1000 System Message Advisories..............................A-6 AFCS Alerts .............................................................A-17 TAWS ALERTS ..........................................................A-18 Other G1000 Aural Alerts .........................................A-19 SD Card Use ....................................................................B-1 Jeppesen Databases...................................................B-1 Garmin Databases ..............................
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION This section provides an overview of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck as installed in the Cessna Citation Mustang. The G1000 system is an integrated flight control system that presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation, communication, and identification information to the pilot through large-format displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.2 LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS (LRU) • GDU 1040A (2) – Each unit is configured as a PFD that features a 10.4-inch LCD with 1024 x 768 resolution. The unit installed on the left/pilot side is designated as PFD1, and the one installed on the right/copilot side is designated as PFD2. These units communicate with each other, the MFD, and with the on-side GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) connection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GDC 74B (2) – Processes data from the pitot/static system as well as the OAT probe. This unit provides pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed and OAT information to the G1000 system, and it communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, on-side GDU 1040A and on-side GRS 77, using an ARINC 429 digital interface (it also interfaces directly with the on-side GTP 59). The GDC 74B is designed to operate in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GMA 1347D (2) – Integrates NAV/COM digital audio, intercom system and marker beacon controls, and is installed in dual configuration on the outboard side of PFD1 and PFD2. This unit also enables the manual control of the display reversionary mode (red DISPLAY BACKUP button) and communicates with the on-side GIA 63W, using an RS-232 digital interface. • GTX 33 (1) and GTX 33D (1 or 2) – Solid-state transponders that provide Modes A, C and S capability.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GCU 475 (1) – Provides the Flight Management System (FMS) controls for the MFD through an RS-232 digital interface. • GMC 710 (1) – Provides the controls for the GFC 700 AFCS through an RS-232 digital interface allowing communication with both PFDs. • GTP 59 (2) – Provides Outside Air Temperature (OAT) data to the on-side GDC 74B.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW GMC 710 GWX 68 GDU 1040A (PFD #1) GDL 69A GCU 475 GDU 1040A (PFD #2) GDU 1500 (MFD) GMA 1347D #1 GMA 1347D #2 GMU 44 #1 GMU 44 #2 GRS 77 #1 GRS 77 #2 GIA 63W #1 GIA 63W #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/WAAS G/S GDC 74B #1 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GTP 59 #1 GDC 74B #2 VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS/WAAS G/S GTP 59 #2 AFCS Mode Logic Flight Director Servo Management GSA 81 (Pitch Trim) GSA 81 (Pitch) GSA 80 GTX 33D (Roll) GTX 33 GSA 80 (Yaw) GEA 71 #1 GEA 71 #
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.3 G1000 CONTROLS NOTE: The Audio Panel (GMA 1347D) and AFCS controls (GMC 710) are described in the CNS & Audio Panel and AFCS sections respectively. The G1000 system controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, MFD Control Unit, AFCS Control Unit and audio panel. The controls for the PFD and MFD are discussed within the following pages of this section. PFD CONTROLS 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 8 Figure 1-2 PFD Controls 9 13 10 14 11 15 12 190-00494-01 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following list provides an overview of the controls located on the PFD bezel (see Figure 1-2). 1-8 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to toggle the Morse code identifier audio ON and OFF. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Toggles the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 Dual NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW CONTROLS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MFD The controls for the MFD (GDU 1500) are located on both the MFD bezel and the MFD Control Unit (GCU 475). The bottom portion of the MFD bezel features 12 softkeys that are designed to perform various functions depending upon the specific page being displayed. These softkeys are discussed throughout the Pilot’s Guide documentation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6 Joystick – Changes the map range when rotated. Activates the map pointer when pressed. 7 Alphanumeric Keys – Allow the user to enter data quickly, without having to select individual characters with the FMS Knob. 8 Plus (+) Minus (-) Key – Toggles a (+) or (-) character. 9 Decimal Key – Enters a decimal point. 10 SEL Key – The center of this key activates the selected softkey, while the right and left arrows move the softkey selection box to the right and left, respectively.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4 FD Key – Activates/deactivates the flight director in the default pitch and roll modes. If the autopilot is engaged, the FD Key is disabled. 5 XFR Key – Switches the autopilot between the pilot-side and the copilot-side flight directors. This selection also selects which air data computer is communicating with the active transponder and which PFD triggers the altitude alert. Upon power-up, the pilot-side FD is selected. 6 ALT Key – Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Figure 1-5 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347D) NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 1-12 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receiver audio can be added by pressing the COM2 Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5 COM3 MIC – Selects the KHF 1050 transmitter for transmitting (if installed). COM3 is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the HF receiver to be heard. COM3 can be deselected by pressing the COM3 Key, or COM1/COM2 can be added by pressing the COM1/COM2 Key. 6 COM3 – When selected, audio from the HF receiver (if installed) can be heard. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.4 SECURE DIGITAL CARDS NOTE: Refer to the Appendices for instructions on updating the aviation database. NOTE: Ensure that the G1000 system is powered off before inserting the SD card. The GDU 1040A and GDU 1500 data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the top right portion of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots. SD cards are used for aviation database and system software updates as well as terrain database storage.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW NOTE: See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for specific procedures concerning avionics power application and emergency power supply operation. The G1000 system is integrated with the aircraft electrical system and receives power directly from electrical busses. The G1000 PFDs, MFD and supporting sub-systems include both power-on and continuous built-in test features that exercise the processor, RAM, ROM, external inputs and outputs to provide safe operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.6 SYSTEM OPERATION The displays are connected together via a single Ethernet bus, thus allowing for high-speed communication. As shown in Figure 1-1, each GIA 63W is connected to the on-side PFD. This section discusses the normal and reversionary modes of operation as well as the various AHRS modes of the G1000 system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 1-10 Reversionary Mode (Manual) Reversionary mode can be activated manually by pressing the dedicated DISPLAY BACKUP button at the bottom of the audio panel (see Figure 1-11 and refer to the Audio Panel section for further details). Pressing this button again deactivates reversionary mode. Pressing the DISPLAY BACKUP button activates/ deactivates reversionary mode for both the on-side PFD and the MFD.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW In addition to using internal sensors, the GRS 77 AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and magnetic field measurements. If either of these external measurements is unavailable or invalid, the AHRS uses air data information for attitude determination. Four AHRS modes of operation are available (see Figure 1-13) and depend upon the combination of available sensor inputs.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AIR DATA INPUT FAILURE A failure of the air data input has no effect on AHRS output while AHRS is operating in normal mode. A failure of the air data input while the AHRS is operating in reversionary No-GPS mode results in invalid attitude and heading information on the PFD (as indicated by red “X” flags). MAGNETOMETER FAILURE If the magnetometer input fails, the AHRS transitions to one of the reversionary No-Magnetometer modes and continues to output valid attitude information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SOFTKEY FUNCTION The softkeys are located along the bottoms of the displays. The softkeys shown depend on the softkey level or page being displayed. The bezel keys below the softkeys can be used to select the appropriate softkey. When a softkey is selected, its color changes to black text on gray background and remains this way until it is turned off, at which time it reverts to white text on black background.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Displays softkeys for selecting the #1 and #2 AHRS and Air Data Computers Selects the #1 Air Data Computer Selects the #2 Air Data Computer Selects the #1 AHRS Selects the #2 AHRS Displays second-level softkeys for additional PFD configurations Displays the softkeys for selecting the two flight director formats SENSOR ADC1 ADC2 AHRS1 AHRS2 PFD FD FRMT SNGL CUE Selects the single cue flight director format X POINTR Selects the cross pointer flight director format DFLTS Resets PFD to default se
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ON ALT GND VFR CODE 0—7 BKSP IDENT TMR/REF NRST MSG Selects Mode A (transponder replies to interrogations) Selects Mode C – altitude reporting mode (transponder replies to identification and altitude interrogations) Manually selects Ground Mode, the transponder does not allow Mode A and Mode C replies, but it does permit acquisition squitter and replies to discretely addressed Mode S interrogations Automatically enters the VFR code (1200 in the U.S.A.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW ADC1 ADC2 AHRS1 BACK AHRS2 MSG Press the BACK Softkey to return to the top level softkeys. Figure 1-18 SENSOR Softkeys ALT UNIT FD FRMT Select the STD BARO or BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys METERS IN HPA SNGL CUE X POINTR Figure 1-19 PFD Configuration Softkeys 190-00494-01 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW MSG Press the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys. MSG Press the IDENT or BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW CAS ↑ CAS ↓ DCLTR MAP (optional) (optional) SHW CHRT CHKLIST DCLTR-1 DCLTR-2 DCLTR-3 TRAFFIC TERRAIN TOPO AIRWAYS Select the BACK Softkey on this level to return to the top softkey level. (optional) (optional) NEXRAD XM LTNG BACK (Default softkey is dependant on AIRWY ON the selection made in the map setup AIRWY LO options) AIRWAY HI Figure 1-21 MFD Softkeys GPS RECEIVER OPERATION Each GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit (IAU) contains a GPS receiver.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the GPS receiver for which data may be reviewed 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - GPS Status Page. 2) To change the selected GPS receiver: a) Press the desired GPS Softkey. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Use the FMS Knob to highlight the receiver which is not selected and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Each satellite is represented by an oval containing the Pseudo-random noise (PRN) number (i.e., satellite identification number). Satellites whose signals are currently being used are represented by solid ovals. • Satellite signal information status The accuracy of the aircraft’s GPS fix is calculated using Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU), Dilution of Precision (DOP), and horizontal and vertical figures of merit (HFOM and VFOM).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Predicting RAIM availability 1) Select the GPS Status Page. 2) If necessary, select the RAIM Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob. The ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. 5) Enter the desired waypoint: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired waypoint by identifier, facility, or city name and press the ENT Key. Refer to Section 1.7 for instructions on entering alphanumeric data into the G1000.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GPS Satellite Signal Strengths The GPS Status Page can be helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems. As the GPS receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar is displayed for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite PRN number (01-32 or 120-138 for WAAS) below each bar.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD PAGE GROUPS NOTE: Refer to the GPS Navigation, Hazard Avoidance, and Additional Features sections for details on specific pages. The page group and active page title box are displayed in the upper right of the screen. Page Group Active Page Title Figure 1-24 Page Title Box In the bottom right corner of the screen, the current page group, number of pages available in the group, and placement of the current page within the group are indicated.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Map Pages (MAP) Navigation Map Traffic Map Weather Radar Weather Data Link (service optional) Terrain Proximity or TAWS Figure 1-26 Map Pages Waypoint Pages (WPT) Airport Information pages - Airport Information (INFO Softkey) - Departure Information (DP Softkey) - Arrival Information (STAR Softkey) - Approach Information (APR Softkey) - Weather Information (WX Softkey) Intersection Information NDB Information VOR Information Airport Information Pages User Waypoint Information Figure 1-27
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Auxiliary Pages (AUX) Weight Planning Trip Planning Utility GPS Status System Setup XM Satellite pages XM Satellite Pages - XM Information (INFO Softkey) - XM Radio (RADIO Softkey) System Status Figure 1-28 Auxiliary Pages Nearest Pages (NRST) Nearest Airports Nearest Intersections Nearest NDB Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoints Nearest Frequencies Nearest Airspaces Figure 1-29 Nearest Pages 1-32 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW In addition to the main page groups accessed exclusively using the FMS Knobs, there are pages for flight planning (FPL) and loading procedures (PROC) which are accessed by bezel key. In some instances, softkeys may be used to access the Procedure Pages. The Flight Plan Pages are accessed using the FPL Key on the MFD. Main pages within this group are selected by turning the small FMS Knob.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Procedure pages may be accessed at any time on the MFD by pressing the PROC Key. A menu is initialized, and when a departure, approach, or arrival is selected, the appropriate Procedure Loading Page is opened. Turning the FMS Knob does not scroll through the Procedure pages (note the single page icon in the lower right corner).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW MFD SYSTEM PAGES In the Auxiliary (AUX) Page Group, there are two system pages: System Setup (page 5 of 6) and System Status (page 6 of 6). The System Setup Page allows management of various system parameters, while the System Status Page displays the status of all G1000 system LRUs.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW and cannot be changed. When using a local time format, designate the offset by adding or subtracting the desired number of hours. Setting the system time format 1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the time format field in the Date/Time Box. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired system time format (local 12hr, local 24hr, UTC) and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Fuel and fuel flow (pounds, kilograms) Affects fuel and fuel flow displayed on the Trip Planning Page. • Weight (pounds, kilograms) Affects aircraft weights on the Weight Planning Page. • Position (HDDD°MM.MM’, HDDD°MM’SS.S”) Affects all position displays. Changing the NAV ANGLE setting 1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the NAV ANGLE field in the Display Units Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AUDIO ALERTS The Audio Alert Box on the System Setup Page allows the audio alert voice to be set to male or female. Changing the audio alert voice 1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the voice in the Audio Alert Box. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and highlight the desired voice and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW The GPS CDI Box on the System Setup Page displays the following: • Selected CDI range (auto, 2 nm, 1 nm, 0.3 nm) • Current system CDI range (2 nm, 1 nm, 0.3 nm) Changing the CDI range 1) While on the System Setup Page, press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the selected field in the GPS CDI Box. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the range list and press the ENT Key when the desired selection is highlighted.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW SYSTEM STATUS PAGE The System Status Page displays the status and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs. Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed. Active LRUs are indicated by green check marks and failed LRUs are indicated by red “X”s. Failed LRUs should be noted and a Cessna service center or Garmin dealer informed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW UTILITY PAGE For flight planning purposes, timers, trip statistics, and a scheduler feature are provided on the AUX - Utility Page. The timers available include a stopwatch-like generic timer, a total time in flight timer, and a record of the time of departure. Trip statistics—odometer, trip odometer, and average trip and maximum groundspeeds— are displayed from the time of the last reset. Refer to the Additional Features section for a dicussion on the Scheduler feature.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘START?’ and press the ENT Key to start the timer. The field changes to ‘STOP?’. 6) To stop the timer, press the ENT Key with ‘STOP?’ highlighted. The field changes to ‘RESET?’. 7) To reset the timer, press the ENT Key with ‘RESET?’ highlighted. The field changes back to ‘START?’ and the digits are reset.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Resetting trip statistics readouts 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the MENU Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Figure 1-35 Manual Display Backlighting Adjustment 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the selection box. Turn the FMS Knob to select ‘MANUAL’, then press the ENT Key. The intensity value becomes highlighted. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired backlighting, then press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘AUTO’ to the right of ‘MFD DSPL’ or ‘PFD2 DSPL’, respectively, and repeat steps 2 and 3.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SECTION 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: In the event that the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup instruments. NOTE: The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) provides additional readouts and bugs on selected flight instruments. Refer to the AFCS Section for details on these bugs and readouts, as they appear on the display during certain AFCS flight director modes.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 24 23 22 21 20 1 19 18 2 17 16 3 15 4 14 5 13 6 12 7 11 9 8 10 1 NAV Frequency Box 13 Selected Heading Bug 2 Airspeed Indicator 14 Turn Rate Indicator 3 Mach Number 15 Barometric Altimeter Setting 4 Current Heading 16 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 5 Current Track Bug 17 Selected Altitude Bug 6 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) 18 Altimeter 7 Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) 19 Selected Altitude 8 Ram Air Temperature (RAT) 20 COM Frequency
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 16 15 14 1 13 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 1 Traffic Annunciation 2 Flap Speed Reference 3 Selected Heading 4 Wind Data 5 Inset Map 6 DME Information Window 7 Bearing Information Windows 8 Timer/References Window 7 Minimum Descent Altitude/ Decision Height 10 Selected Course 9 11 Required Vertical Speed 12 Current Vertical Speed 13 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) 14 Comparator Window 15 VNV Target Altitude 16 AFCS Status Annunciation Figure 2-2 Primary
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.1 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS AIRSPEED INDICATOR NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for speed criteria and Vspeed values. NOTE: VREF cannot be set above the indicated value for VAPR. The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. The numeric labels and major tick marks on the moving tape are marked at intervals of 10 knots, while minor tick marks on the moving tape are indicated at intervals of 5 knots.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flap extension maximum speed references (for takeoff/approach, TA, and landing, LD, conditions) are displayed as flags (Figure 2-5) to the right of the Airspeed Indicator for altitudes below 18,000 feet. These flags cannot be turned off or modified. Landing Takeoff Vspeeds can be changed and their flags along the right of the airspeed scale turned on/off. By default, all Vspeed values are reset and all flags turned off when power is cycled.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Vspeed flags can be turned on or off and values restored all at once or by category (takeoff and landing). Modifying Vspeeds (on, off, restore defaults): 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired selection. 4) Press the ENT Key. 5) To remove the window, press the CLR Key or the TMR/REF Softkey.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The yellow symbolic aircraft on the Attitude Indicator changes appearance based on selection of AFCS flight director Command Bar format (see the AFCS Section for details). Both PFDs show the same Command Bar format and Aircraft Symbol. Command Bar format may only be changed while on the ground. When the single-cue Command Bar format is selected, the Aircraft Symbol appears as in Figure 2-8. The Aircraft Symbol for the cross-pointer format Command Bars is shown in Figure 2-9.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTIMETER The Altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20 feet. The current altitude is displayed in the black pointer. A magenta Altitude Trend Vector extends up or down the left of the altitude tape, the end resting at the approximate altitude to be reached in 6 seconds at the current vertical speed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The barometric pressure setting is displayed below the Altimeter in inches of mercury (in Hg) or hectopascals (hPa) when metric units are selected. Adjusting the altimeter barometric setting creates discontinuities in VNV vertical deviation, moving the descent path. For large adjustments, it may take several minutes for the aircraft to re-establish on the descent path.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI) The Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI; Figure 2-14) displays the aircraft vertical speed with numeric labels and tick marks at 2000 and 4000 fpm in each direction on the non-moving tape. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 1000 fpm. The current vertical speed is displayed in the pointer, which also points to that speed on the non-moving tape. Digits appear in the pointer when the climb or descent rate is greater than 100 fpm.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR (HSI) The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) displays a rotating compass card in a heading-up orientation. Letters indicate the cardinal points and numeric labels occur every 30˚. Major tick marks are at 10˚ intervals and minor tick marks at 5˚ intervals. The HSI presents heading, turn rate, course deviation, bearing, and navigation source information in a 360˚ compass-rose format.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Adjusting the Selected Course: Turn the CRS Knob to set the Selected Course (for each PFD). Press the CRS Knob to re-center the CDI and return the course pointer to the bearing of the active waypoint or navigation station (see OBS Mode for adjusting a GPS course). The heading displayed on the HSI and all other navigation angles (track, heading, course, bearing) are magnetic when the NAV ANGLE is set to ‘Magnetic’ on the AUX - System Setup Page.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TURN RATE INDICATOR The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass card. Tick marks to the left and right of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the current turn rate. The end of the trend vector gives the heading predicted in 6 seconds, based on the present turn rate.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When a bearing pointer is displayed, its associated information window is also displayed.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COURSE DEVIATION INDICATOR (CDI) The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation scale to display aircraft position relative to the course. If the course deviation data is not valid, the CDI is not displayed. Flight Phase Navigation Source Scale Crosstrack Error CDI Figure 2-23 Course Deviation Indicator The CDI can display two sources of navigation: GPS or NAV (VOR, localizer).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NAV2 Selected for Tuning NAV1 Selected for Tuning LOC1 Selected GPS Selected VOR2 Selected Pressing the CDI Softkey Cycles through Navigation Sources Figure 2-25 Selecting a Navigation Source The CDI has the same angular limits as a mechanical CDI when coupled to a VOR or localizer (LOC). When coupled to GPS, the full scale limits for the CDI are defined by a GPS-derived distance.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The system automatically switches from GPS to LOC navigation source and changes the CDI scaling accordingly when all of the following occur: • A localizer or ILS approach has been loaded into the active flight plan • The final approach fix (FAF) is the active leg, the FAF is less than 15 nm away, and the aircraft is moving toward the FAF • A valid localizer frequency has been tuned • The GPS CDI deviation is less than 1.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Terminal Refer to accompanying approach CDI scaling figures Approach 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm Enroute (Oceanic if >200 nm from nearest airport) 31 nm from Destination Airport Terminal 30 nm from Departure Airport Departure 1.0 nm 0.3 nm CDI Full-scale Deflection When set to ‘Auto’ (default), the GPS CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the current phase of flight (Figure 2-28, Table 2-2).
2 nm 2 nm FAF FAF CDI scale varies if VTF is activated 0.3 nm 1.0 nm angle based on database information course width angle set by system 350 ft 0.3 nm 1.0 nm CDI Full-scale Deflection CDI scale is set to the smaller of 0.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS OBS MODE NOTE: VNV is inhibited while automatic waypoint sequencing has been suspended. Enabling Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode suspends the automatic sequencing of waypoints in a GPS flight plan (GPS must be the selected navigation source), but retains the current “active-to” waypoint as the navigation reference even after passing the waypoint. ‘OBS’ is annunciated to the lower right of the aircraft symbol when OBS Mode is selected.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is suspended. ‘SUSP’ appears on the HSI (to the lower right of the aircraft symbol) in place of ‘OBS’ and the OBS Softkey label changes to SUSP. SUSP Annunciation Pressing the SUSP Softkey Suspends Automatic Waypoint Sequencing Figure 2-32 Suspending Automatic Waypoint Sequencing 190-00494-01 Rev.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.2 SUPPLEMENTAL FLIGHT DATA NOTE: Pressing the DFLTS Softkey (a second-level PFD softkey) turns off metric Altimeter display, the Inset Map, and wind data display. In addition to the flight instruments, the PFD also displays various supplemental information, including temperatures, wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WIND DATA Wind direction and speed (relative to the aircraft) can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window shows “NO WIND DATA”. Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 No Data Figure 2-34 Wind Data Displaying wind data: 1) Press the PFD Softkey. 2) Press the WIND Softkey to display wind data below the Selected Heading.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNV) INDICATIONS When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RSVI, VDI) appear on the PFD in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” message (Figure 2-35) and “Vertical track” voice alert. See the GPS Navigation and AFCS sections for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-3.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.3 PFD ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTING FUNCTIONS The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to the EICAS Section for information on the Crew Alerting System (CAS) and to Appendix A for more information on alerts and annunciations. SYSTEM ALERTING The System Messages Window conveys messages to the flight crew regarding problems with the G1000 System. When a new message is issued, the MSG Softkey flashes to alert the flight crew.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MARKER BEACON ANNUNCIATIONS Marker Beacon Annunciations are displayed on the PFD to the left of the Selected Altitude. Outer marker reception is indicated in blue, middle in amber, and inner in white. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information on Marker Beacon Annunciations.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE/DECISION HEIGHT ALERTING For altitude awareness, a barometric minimum descent altitude (MDA, or Decision Height, DH) can be set in the Timer/References Window. When active, the altitude setting is displayed to the lower left of the Altimeter and with a bug at the corresponding altitude along the Altimeter (once the altitude is within the range of the tape).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ALTITUDE ALERTING The Altitude Alerting function provides visual and audio alerts when approaching the Selected Altitude. Whenever the Selected Altitude is changed, Altitude Alerting is reset. Altitude Alerting is based on the altitude information shown on the PFD selected with the XFR Key on the AFCS Control Unit. Altitude Alerting is independent of the AFCS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2.4 ABNORMAL OPERATIONS ABNORMAL GPS CONDITIONS The annunciations listed in Table 2-3 can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur; see Figure 2-44 for examples. Refer to the GPS Navigation Section for more information on Dead Reckoning Mode.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS UNUSUAL ATTITUDES When the aircraft enters an unusual pitch attitude, red extreme pitch warning chevrons pointing toward the horizon are displayed on the Attitude Indicator, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the horizon line. Nose High Nose Low Figure 2-45 Pitch Attitude Warnings If pitch exceeds +30˚/-20˚ or bank exceeds 65˚, some information displayed on the PFD is removed.
EICAS SECTION 3 ENGINE INDICATION AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (EICAS) NOTE: Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for limitations. The Cessna Citation Mustang’s Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) offers improved flight operations and reduces crew workload by automatically monitoring critical system parameters and providing system alerts during all phases of flight.
EICAS In the event of a display failure, depending on the failed display(s), the remaining display(s) may be reconfigured to present Primary Flight Display (PFD) symbology together with EICAS information (refer to the System Overview for more information about reversionary mode). In reversionary mode, the data is pared down to a single column on any display. The N1, N2, and ITT indicators are presented in the same way, but all other parameters are shown as readouts only.
EICAS 3.1 ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM (EIS) 5 1 1 6 2 5 7 3 8 6 2 3 4 7 9 8 10 10 Figure 3-3 EICAS Display (Normal Mode) 190-00494-01 Rev. B Figure 3-4 EIS Display (Reversionary Mode) 1 Engine Fan Rotation Speed 6 Engine High Pressure Turbine Rotation Speed 2 Oil Pressure and Temperature 7 Electrical Display 3 Fuel Display 8 Pressurization Display 4 CAS Display (refer to Section 3.
EICAS EIS information is presented using horizontal and vertical bar indicators and digital readouts. Green ranges on the instrument scales indicate normal ranges of operation; yellow and red bands indicate caution and warning, respectively. During normal operating conditions, an instrument’s pointer appears in white or green and readout text is green. Refer to each instrument description for additional details on display behavior.
EICAS OIL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE The oil pressure and temperature for each engine are shown below the N1 display under normal display operating conditions. Oil pressure is shown in pounds per square inch (psi) and temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). When oil pressure and temperature are in the normal operating range, no readout is provided. When an abnormal operating condition occurs, the readouts appear in the corresponding color. In reversionary mode, only the readouts are shown.
EICAS ELECTRICAL DISPLAY Voltage and current for the direct current (DC) generators and battery are obtained directly from the electrical system buses. Generator voltages and currents are normally shown along color-coded scales, with readouts below. Battery voltage and current are displayed as readouts. In reversionary mode, battery current is not shown.
EICAS The destination elevation (from -1,000 to 14,000 feet) entered in the PFD Timer/References Window (Figure 3-11) is displayed below the cabin altitude readings. This value is retained by the G1000 on power-down. Setting the destination elevation: 1) Press the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘DEST ELV’ field. 3) Use the small FMS Knob to enter the destination elevation (in 10-ft increments from -1,000 to 14,000 feet).
EICAS 3.2 CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (CAS) NOTE: Aural alerts associated with abnormal conditions and advisories are managed through the Audio Panels. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information. NOTE: If there is a mismatch between databases or software on the PFDs, CAS is inoperative. The Crew Alerting System (CAS) Display is located in the lower left corner of the EICAS Display (on the MFD) under normal display conditions.
EICAS Warning Caution Advisory Description AFT DOOR AFT JBOX CB L-R* AFT JBOX LMT L-R* ANTISKID FAIL BATTERY O’TEMP BATTERY O’TEMP BATT TEMP FAIL CABIN ALT CABIN ALT CABIN ALT CABIN DOOR CHECK DOORS DUCT O’HEAT L-R* ENG A/I COLD L-R* ENG A/I COLD L-R* ENG CTRL SYS L-R* ENGINE FAIL L-R* F/W SHUTOFF L-R* FLAPS FAIL GROUND ESI TOPI AIR LOPI ESDI EMER Inhibits Messages Tailcone baggage door not fully secured Start control circuit breaker (located in aft j-box) tripped Current limiter blown (located in
EICAS Any CAS messages that come up when the system is first powered on are considered already acknowledged. They do not flash or trigger the Master Warning or Master Caution. CAS messages listed in Table 3-2 are shown in the acknowledged state (text corresponding to criticality on a black background). Since red and yellow CAS messages indicate the immediate or future need for corrective action, two momentary buttons are located above each PFD for CAS message acknowledgment: Master Warning and Master Caution.
EICAS CAS DISPLAY INHIBITS Inhibits prevent certain CAS messages from being displayed during the following conditions: • Aircraft on ground (GROUND) • Aircraft in air (AIR) • Emergency bus power (EMER) • Landing (LOPI) • Engine start (Engine Start Inhibit, ESI) • Engine shutdown (Engine Shutdown Inhibit, ESDI) • Takeoff (TOPI) Inhibits affecting each CAS message are indicated with an “X” under the corresponding inhibit column in Table 3-2.
EICAS BLANK PAGE 3-12 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SECTION 4 AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.1 OVERVIEW The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the Audio Panels, communication radios, navigation radios, and Mode S transponders. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description of the Audio Panels and CNS system interconnection.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PFD CONTROLS AND FREQUENCY DISPLAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 4-1 PFD Controls, COM/NAV Frequency Tuning Boxes, and ADF/DME Tuning Window 4-2 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 1 NAV VOL/ID Knob – Controls NAV audio volume level. Press to turn the Morse code identifier audio on and off. Volume level is shown in the NAV frequency field as a percentage. 2 NAV Frequency Transfer Key – Transfers the standby and active NAV frequencies. 3 NAV Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the NAV receiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz). Press to move the tuning box (light blue box) and Frequency Transfer Arrow between NAV1 and NAV2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUDIO PANEL CONTROLS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Figure 4-2 Audio Panel Controls (GMA 1347D) NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 4-4 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting. COM1 receive is simultaneously selected when this key is pressed allowing received audio from the #1 COM receiver to be heard. COM2 receive can be added by pressing the COM2 Key.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 6 COM3 – When selected, audio from the optional #3 COM receiver (HF) can be heard. 7 PA – Selects the passenger address system. The selected COM transmitter is deselected when the PA Key is pressed. 8 TEL – Not used in the Cessna Citation Mustang. 9 MUSIC – Not used in the Cessna Citation Mustang. 10 SPKR – Selects and deselects the on-side flight deck speaker. COM and NAV receiver audio will be heard on the speaker. 11 MKR/MUTE – Selects marker beacon receiver audio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.2 COM OPERATION COM TRANSCEIVER SELECTION AND ACTIVATION NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active. NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS TRANSMIT/RECEIVE INDICATIONS During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second. During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small COM Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the COM Knob to Switch the Tuning Box From One COM Radio to the Other Figure 4-6 Switching COM Tuning Boxes QUICK-TUNING AND ACTIVATING 121.500 MHZ Pressing and holding the COM Frequency Transfer Key for two seconds automatically loads the emergency COM frequency (121.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING THE COM FREQUENCY COM frequencies can be automatically tuned from the following: • Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX) • WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page • NRST – Nearest Airports Page AUTO-TUNING FROM THE PFD COM frequencies for the nearest airports can be automatically tuned from the Nearest Airports Window on the PFD. When the desired frequency is entered, it becomes a standby frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING FROM THE MFD Frequencies can be automatically loaded into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-9, 4-10, and 4-11). Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages: 1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob on the MFD control unit or selecting the appropriate softkey.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS OR: 5) Press the MENU Key on the MFD control unit (Figure 4-9) to display the page menu (Figure 4-10). 6) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 7) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor on the desired selection. 8) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob or the ENT Key. 9) Press the ENT Key to load the COM frequency into the standby field of the selected COM radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS On the WPT - Airport Information Page, the cursor can be placed on the frequency field by pressing the FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. The frequency is transferred to the COM Standby Field with the ENT Key. Selected Airport Identifier and Information Runway Information Press ENT Key to load frequency into PFD1 COM Standby Field. Cursor then advances to the next frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS COM frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-12 NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Airports, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages 190-00494-01 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FREQUENCY SPACING The G1000 COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected, all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup Page of the AUX Page Group. 8.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTOMATIC SQUELCH Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. When Automatic Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is always on. Continuous static noise is heard over the headsets and speaker, if selected. Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.3 NAV OPERATION NAV RADIO SELECTION AND ACTIVATION The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left. A NAV radio is selected for navigation by selecting the CDI Softkey located on the PFD. The active NAV frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green. Selecting the CDI Softkey once selects NAV1 as the navigation radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS NAV radios are selected for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the NAV1, NAV2, ADF, or DME Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All radios can be selected individually or simultaneously. Figure 4-18 Selecting a NAV Radio Receiver NAV RECEIVER MANUAL TUNING The NAV frequency controls and frequency boxes are on the left side of the PFDs.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING THE RADIO TO BE TUNED Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. Press the NAV Knob to Switch the Tuning Box from One NAV Radio to the Other Figure 4-20 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes VOR/LOC ID When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active NAV frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING THE NAV FREQUENCY NAV frequencies can be selected and loaded from the following MFD pages: • NRST – Nearest VOR • WPT – Airport Information • WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX) • NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages. During enroute navigation, the NAV frequency is entered automatically into the NAV standby frequency field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS OR: 6) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key on the MFD control unit to display the page menu. 7) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. 8) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window. 9) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob or the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. The FMS Knob or ENT Key is used to scroll through the list. The cursor is placed on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and loaded into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key. Press the ENT Key to Load the Frequency into the NAV Standby Field.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS While enroute, NAV frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airports, WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key. Figure 4-26 NRST – Nearest Frequencies, WPT – VOR Information, WPT – Airport Information, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages 4-22 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS AUTO-TUNING NAV FREQUENCIES ON APPROACH ACTIVATION NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach. NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the GPS Navigation Section for details. NAV frequencies are automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency Box on approach activation, on both PFD1 and PFD2.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS MARKER BEACON RECEIVER NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be turned off. The marker beacon receiver is used as part of the ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft. The receiver detects the three marker tones – outer, middle, and inner – and provides the marker beacon annunciations located to the left of the Altimeter on the PFD.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ADF/DME TUNING NOTE: When another auxiliary window is turned on, the ADF/DME Tuning Window is replaced on the PFD. See the Flight Instruments Section for displaying the DME and bearing information windows (ADF) and using the ADF as the source for the bearing pointer. The G1000 system tunes the ADF receiver (optional) and DME transceiver (standard). The ADF is tuned by entering the frequency in the ADF standby frequency field of the ADF/DME Tuning Window.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ADF TUNING ADF frequencies in the 190.0-kHz to 1799.5-kHz range are entered in the standby ADF frequency field of the ADF/DME Tuning Window. The G1000 System does not tune the ADF emergency frequency, 2182.0kHz. Tuning an ADF frequency: 1) Select the ADF/DME Softkey to display the ADF/DME Tuning Window. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the selection cursor over the standby ADF frequency field. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to begin data entry and change each digit.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS SELECTING ADF RECEIVER MODE The following modes can be selected: (In all modes NDB audio can be heard by selecting the ADF Key on the Audio Panel.) • ANT (Antenna) – The ADF bearing pointer parks on the HSI at 90 degrees. Best mode for listening to NDB audio. • ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) – The ADF pointer points to the relative bearing of the NDB station.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS DME TUNING NOTE: When turning on the G1000 for use, the system remembers the last frequency used for DME tuning and the NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD state prior to shutdown. The DME transceiver is tuned by selecting NAV1, NAV2, or HOLD in the ADF/DME Tuning Window. DME Modes Figure 4-34 ADF/DME Tuning Window, DME Modes The following DME transceiver pairing can be selected: • NAV1 – Pairs the DME frequency from the selected NAV1 frequency.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.4 GTX 33/33D MODE S TRANSPONDERS The GTX 33 Mode S Transponder and GTX 33D Diversity Mode S Transponder provide Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities. Diversity incorporates antennas mounted on the top and bottom of the aircraft for dependable operation while maneuvering.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS XPDR1 XPDR2 STBY ON ALT GND VFR XPDR IDENT CODE IDENT BACK MSG Selecting the IDENT or BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK MSG Selecting the IDENT Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS GROUND MODE Ground Mode is normally selected automatically when the aircraft is on the ground. The transponder powers up in the last mode it was in when shut down. Ground Mode can be overridden by selecting any one of the Mode Selection Softkeys. A green GND indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ALTITUDE MODE (AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL) Altitude Mode is automatically selected when the aircraft becomes airborne. Altitude Mode may also be selected manually by selecting the ALT Softkey. If Altitude Mode is selected, a green ALT indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box, and all transponder replies requesting altitude information are provided with pressure altitude information.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS ENTERING A TRANSPONDER CODE Entering a transponder code with softkeys: 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys. 2) Select the CODE Softkey to display the Transponder Code Selection Softkeys, for digit entry. 3) Select the digit softkeys to enter the code in the code field. When entering the code, the next softkey in sequence must be selected within 10 seconds, or the entry is cancelled and restored to the previous code.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS VFR CODE The VFR code can be entered either manually or by selecting the XPDR Softkey, then the VFR Softkey. When the VFR Softkey is selected, the pre-programmed VFR code is automatically displayed in the code field of the Transponder Data Box. Selecting the VFR Softkey again restores the previous identification code. The pre-programmed VFR Code is set at the factory to 1200. If a VFR code change is required, contact a Garmin-authorized service center for configuration.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS FLIGHT ID REPORTING The flight crew must enter the Flight ID before flight operation. The number is entered in the Timer/ References Window on the PFD. The Flight ID is not to exceed seven characters. No space is needed when entering Flight ID. When a Flight ID contains a space, the system automatically removes it upon completion of Flight ID entry. If configuration is set to “SAME AS TAIL” the aircraft tail number will always be displayed.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.5 ADDITIONAL AUDIO PANEL FUNCTIONS POWER-UP The Audio Panels perform a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to those in use before the unit was last turned off. The exceptions are the speaker and intercom, which are always selected during power up. MONO/STEREO HEADSETS Stereo headsets are recommended for use in this aircraft.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS INTERCOM Pressing the INTR COM Key on either Audio Panel selects and deselects the intercom on both Audio Panels. The annunciator is lit when the intercom is active. The intercom connects the pilot and copilot together. Either the pilot or copilot may select or deselect the intercom. The MAN SQ Key allows either automatic or manual control of the intercom squelch setting. Pressing the MAN SQ Key enables manual squelch control, indicated by the MAN SQ annunciator.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS PASSENGER ADDRESS (PA) SYSTEM A passenger address system is provided by pressing the PA Key to deliver messages to the passengers. The message is heard by the other pilot on the headset only if the INTR COM Key is enabled. PA messages are one way from the flight deck to the passengers. A Push-to-talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements to the passengers over their headphones.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS CLEARANCE RECORDER AND PLAYER The Audio Panels contain a digital clearance recorder that records up to 2.5 minutes of the selected COM radio signal. Recorded COM audio is stored in separate memory blocks. Once 2.5 minutes of recording time have been reached, the recorder begins recording over the stored memory blocks, starting from the oldest block. Pressing the REC Key enables recording of audio from the COM radio selected for transmission.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.6 AUDIO PANELS PREFLIGHT PROCEDURE NOTE: If the flight crew is using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob, verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at max volume setting. On single-pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the audio system. NOTE: When the MAN SQ Key is pressed, the flight crew is now able to set the ICS squelch manually.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS Setting the Audio Panels during preflight: 1) Verify that the INTR COM Key is selected. 2) Verify that the MAN SQ Annunciator is extinguished. 3) Turn the MSTR Knob (Master Volume Control) on both Audio Panels clockwise two full turns. This will set the headset audio level to max volume (least amount of attenuation). 4) Adjust radio volume levels (COM, NAV, etc.) to a suitable level. 5) Adjust the ICS volume Knob on each Audio Panel to the desired intercom level.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS 4.7 ABNORMAL OPERATION Abnormal operation of the G1000 includes equipment failures of the G1000 components and failure of associated equipment, including switches and external devices. STUCK MICROPHONE If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS REVERSIONARY MODE The red DISPLAY BACKUP Button selects the Reversionary Mode. Reversionary Mode operation displays flight and engine information on both the PFD and MFD, in case of display failure. The pilot side controls the pilot side PFD (PFD1) and the MFD. The copilot side controls the copilot side PFD (PFD2) and the MFD. See the System Overview Section for more information. Figure 4-54 Reversionary Mode Button 190-00494-01 Rev.
AUDIO PANEL AND CNS BLANK PAGE 4-44 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION SECTION 5 GPS NAVIGATION 5.1 INTRODUCTION The G1000 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains GPS navigation using the G1000. The most prominent part of the G1000 are the three full color displays: two outside Primary Flight Displays (PFD) and an inside Multi Function Display (MFD). The information to successfully navigate the aircraft using the GPS sensors is displayed on the PFD and the MFD.
GPS NAVIGATION Navigation Status Box Navigation Mode Inset Map Location of: - Direct To Window - Flight Plan Window - Procedures Window - Nearest Airports Window Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD Navigation Status Box Navigation Page Title Map Orientation Navigation Map - Aviation Data - Geographic Data - Topographic Data - Hazard Data Aircraft Icon at Present Position Active Flight Plan Leg Flight Plan Leg Map Range Figure 5-2 GPS Navigation Information on the MFD Navigation Page
GPS NAVIGATION NAVIGATION STATUS BOX The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the PFD contains two fields displaying the following information: PFD Navigation Status Box • Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD > KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g.
GPS NAVIGATION 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to display and scroll through the data options list. 5) Select the desired data. 6) Press the ENT Key. Pressing the DFLTS Softkey returns any field to its default setting. 5.2 USING MAP DISPLAYS Map displays are used extensively in the G1000 to provide situational awareness in flight. Most G1000 maps can display the following information: • Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, etc.
GPS NAVIGATION • North up (NORTH UP) aligns the top of the map display to north (default setting). • Track up (TRK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current ground track. • Desired track up (DTK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the desired course. • Heading up (HDG UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current aircraft heading.
GPS NAVIGATION Map Group Selection Orientation Field Figure 5-6 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired orientation. 5) Select the ENT Key to select the new orientation. 6) Press the FMS Knob to return to the base page. MAP RANGE There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in the lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map.
GPS NAVIGATION AUTO ZOOM Auto zoom allows the G1000 to zoom (in or out) the map displays to the smallest range clearly showing the active waypoint. Auto zoom can be overridden by adjusting the range with the Joystick. The manual range selection remains until the active waypoint changes, a terrain or traffic alert occurs, the aircraft takes off, or the manual override times out (timer set on Map Setup Window).
GPS NAVIGATION Auto Zoom: Off, MFD Only, PFD Only, All On Manual Range Override Expiration Time Maximum Look Forward Time Minimum Look Forward Time Figure 5-8 Map Setup Menu Window - Map Group, Auto Zoom Configuring automatic zoom: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed. 3) Select the ‘Map’ group. 4) Press the ENT Key. 5) Highlight the ‘AUTO ZOOM’ field.
GPS NAVIGATION MAP PANNING Map panning allows the pilot to: • View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range • Highlight and select locations on the map • Review information for a selected airport, NAVAID or user waypoint • Designate locations for use in flight planning • View airspace and airway information When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map display.
GPS NAVIGATION When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was not originally displayed on the map). This feature applies to everything displayed on the map except route lines. When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent information is displayed.
GPS NAVIGATION Panning the map: 1) Press the Joystick to display the Map Pointer. 2) Move the Joystick to move the Map Pointer around the map. 3) Press the Joystick to remove the Map Pointer and recenter the map on the aircraft’s current position. Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint: 1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint. 3) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace: 1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. 2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu. 3) ‘Review Airspace?’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace Information Page for the selected airspace. 4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION MEASURING BEARING AND DISTANCE The pilot can measure the bearing and distance between any two points on the Navigation Map. As an example, the measuring of bearing and distance could be useful to help create a route to avoid a TFR. Measuring bearing and distance between any two points: 1) Press the MENU Key (with the Navigation Map Page displayed). 2) Highlight the ‘Measure Bearing/Distance’ field. 3) Press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION TOPOGRAPHY All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following procedures.
GPS NAVIGATION TOPO DATA On/Off TOPO DATA Range Figure 5-16 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed. NOTE: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g.
GPS NAVIGATION Maximum Displayed Elevation Minimum Displayed Elevation Aircraft Altitude (MSL) Range of Displayed Elevations Ground Elevation at Pointer Location (only visible when Pointer is displayed) Figure 5-17 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE): 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Menu is displayed.
GPS NAVIGATION MAP SYMBOLS This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.
GPS NAVIGATION AVIATION SYMBOLS The following items are configured on the aviation menu: Aviation Symbols (Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), or Large (Lrg) Symbol Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) Active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 Non-active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 2000 250 150 50 3 Off 15 2000 500 300 100 20 100 30 Non-directional Beacon (NDB WAYPOINT) 15 30 VOR (VOR WAYPOINT) 150 300 Class B Airspace/TMA (CLASS B/TMA) 200 500 Class C Airsp
GPS NAVIGATION SYMBOL SETUP All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed totally (turned off). Displaying/removing all land symbols: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option. 3) Highlight the ‘LAND DATA’ field. 4) Select ‘On’ or ‘Off.’.
GPS NAVIGATION 7) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range. 8) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
GPS NAVIGATION MAP DECLUTTER The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information. The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option. Declutter Level DCLTR Softkey Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 5-22 Navigation Map - Declutter Level Indications Decluttering the map: 1) Select the DCLTR Softkey with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The current declutter level is shown.
GPS NAVIGATION Table 5-3 lists the items displayed at each declutter level. The ‘X’ represents map items displayed for the various levels of declutter.
GPS NAVIGATION AIRWAYS Airways are designated Low Altitude Airways and High Altitude Airways. Low Altitude Airways (or Victor Airways) primarily serve smaller piston-engine, propeller-driven airplanes on shorter routes and at lower altitudes. Airways are eight nautical miles wide and start 1,200 feet above ground level (AGL) and extend up to 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL).
GPS NAVIGATION Displaying/removing airways: 1) Select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the AIRWAYS Softkey. Both High and Low Altitude Airways are displayed. 3) Select the AIRWY ON Softkey to display the Low Altitude Airways only. 4) Select the AIRWY LO Softkey to display the High Altitude Airways only. 5) Select the AIRWY HI Softkey to remove the High Altitude Airways. No airways are displayed. OR: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
GPS NAVIGATION The following range items are configurable on the airways menu: Airway Type Symbol Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 200 500 300 High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 500 Table 5-4 Airway Range Information TRACK VECTOR The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error.
GPS NAVIGATION Wind Vector On/Off Nav Range Ring On/Off Track Vector - On/Off - Look Ahead Time Fuel Range - On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time Figure 5-26 Navigation Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RANGE RING Setup WIND VECTOR The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen. Wind vector information is displayed as a white arrow pointing in the direction in which the wind is moving for wind speeds greater than or equal to 1 kt.
GPS NAVIGATION NAV RANGE RING The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 37.5 nm on a 150 nm map). Range (radius) Nav Range Ring Figure 5-28 Navigation Map - Nav Range Ring NOTE: The Nav Range Ring is not displayed on the Waypoint Information pages, Nearest pages, or Direct-to Window map.
GPS NAVIGATION FUEL RANGE RING The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid yellow circle. For more details, see the EICAS section.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.3 WAYPOINTS Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are used for all phases of flight planning and navigation. Communication and navigation frequencies can be entered from various Waypoint Information (WPT), Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning. Refer to the CNS and Audio Panel section for details on auto-tuning.
GPS NAVIGATION Identifier with Duplicates Duplicate Waypoints Duplicate Message Figure 5-31 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier AIRPORTS NOTE: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page Map.
GPS NAVIGATION Airport Information - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region - Lat/Long/Elev - Fuel Available - Time Zone (UTC Offset) Navigation Map Showing Selected Airport Runway Information - Designation - Length/Width/Surface - Lighting Available Airport/Runway Diagram COM/NAV Freq. Info.
GPS NAVIGATION The Airport Frequencies Box uses the descriptions and abbreviations listed in the following table: Communication Frequencies Approach * Control Pre-Taxi Arrival * CTA * Radar ASOS Departure * Ramp ATIS Terminal * Gate AWOS Ground TMA * Tower Center Helicopter Class B * Multicom TRSA * Class C * Other Unicom Clearance Navigation Frequencies ILS LOC * May include Additional Information Table 5-5 Airport Frequency Abbreviations A departure, arrival, or approach can be loaded using the softkey
GPS NAVIGATION The PFD Airport Information Window displays the following information: Airport Information - ID/Type/City - Facility Airport Information - Usage/Time/Elev - Region Airport Information - Lat/Long Figure 5-34 Airport Information Window on PFD The Nearest Airports Page on the MFD is first in the group of NRST pages because of its potential use in the event of an in-flight emergency.
GPS NAVIGATION Viewing information for a nearest airport on the PFD: 1) Press the NRST Softkey to display the Nearest Airports Window. 2) Highlight the airport identifier with the FMS Knob and press the ENT Key to display the Airport Information Window. 3) To return to the Nearest Airports Window press the ENT Key (with the cursor on ‘BACK’) or press the CLR Key. The cursor is now on the next airport in the nearest airports list.
GPS NAVIGATION The Nearest Airports Box on the System Setup Page defines the minimum runway length and surface type used when determining the 25 nearest airports to display on the MFD Nearest Airports Page. A minimum runway length and/or surface type can be entered to prevent airports with small runways or runways that are not appropriately surfaced from being displayed. Default settings are 0 feet (or meters) for runway length and “ANY” for runway surface type.
GPS NAVIGATION INTERSECTIONS NOTE: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection. The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected intersection and surrounding area, the Intersection Information Page displays intersection information in three boxes labeled ‘INTERSECTION’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘NEAREST VOR’.
GPS NAVIGATION NOTE: The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm. Intersection Information - Identifier/Symbol - Bearing/Distance to intersection from aircraft position Navigation Map Showing Nearest Intersection Nearest Intersection Intersection Lat/Long Nearest VOR Info - Identifier/Type (symbol) - VOR Frequency - Bearing/Distance to VOR Figure 5-38 Nearest Intersections Page NDBS The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs.
GPS NAVIGATION NOTE: Compass locator (LOM): a low power, low or medium frequency radio beacon installed in conjunction with the instrument landing system. When LOM is used, the locator is at the Outer Marker; when LMM is used, the locator is at the Middle Marker. Select an NDB: 1) With the NDB Information Page displayed, enter an identifier, the name of the NDB, or the city in which it’s located in the NDB Box. 2) Press the ENT Key. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
GPS NAVIGATION VORS The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS signals (since ILS signals stations can be received on a VOR receiver), or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it’s displayed as VOR-DME.
GPS NAVIGATION The Nearest VOR Page can be used to quickly find a VOR station close to the flight path. In addition, a NAV frequency from a selected VOR station can be loaded from the Nearest VOR Page. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the Nearest VOR Page displays information for up to 25 nearest VOR stations in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST VOR’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’.The list only includes waypoints that are within 200 nm.
GPS NAVIGATION USER WAYPOINTS The G1000 can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the map, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from an existing waypoint or bearing from two existing waypoints. Once a waypoint has been created, it can be renamed, deleted, or moved.
GPS NAVIGATION CREATING USER WAYPOINTS User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the following ways: Creating user waypoints from the User Waypoint Information Page: 1) Press the NEW Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select ‘Create New User Waypoint’. 2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 3) Press the ENT Key. The current aircraft position is the default location of the new waypoint.
GPS NAVIGATION NOTE: If the pointer has highlighted a map database feature, one of three things happens upon pressing the ENT Key: 1) information about the selected feature is displayed instead of initiating a new waypoint, 2) a menu pops up allowing a choice between ‘Review Airspaces’ or ‘Create User Waypoint”, or 3) a new waypoint is initiated with the default name being the selected map item. 3) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 4) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected name.
GPS NAVIGATION A system generated comment for a user waypoint incorporates the reference waypoint identifier, bearing, and distance. If a system generated comment has been edited, a new comment can be generated. Resetting the comment field to the system generated comment: 1) Enter a waypoint name or select the waypoint in the User Waypoint List, then press the ENT Key. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select ‘Auto Comment’. 4) Press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.4 AIRSPACES The G1000 can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C:TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA (Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Interdiction Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR).
GPS NAVIGATION not generated, but if the aircraft is less than 500 feet above/below an airspace and projected to enter it, the pilot is notified with an alert message. The default setting for the altitude buffer is 200 feet. Changing the altitude buffer distance setting: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the altitude buffer field in the Airspace Alerts Box.
GPS NAVIGATION The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, ’VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.
GPS NAVIGATION The following airspace alerts are displayed in the message window on the PFD: Message INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace. ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead less than 10 minutes. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and ahead. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near – less than 2 nm. Comments The aircraft is inside the airspace. Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10 minutes. Special use airspace is near and ahead of the aircraft position.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.5 DIRECT-TO-NAVIGATION The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport. Once a direct-to is activated, the G1000 establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the selected direct-to destination. Course guidance is provided until the direct-to is replaced with a new direct-to or flight plan, or cancelled.
GPS NAVIGATION Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window. Entering a waypoint identifier, facility name, or city as a direct-to destination: 1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed (with the active flight plan waypoint as the default selection or a blank waypoint field if no flight plan is active).
GPS NAVIGATION Any NRST or RECENT waypoints can be selected as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window. Selecting a NRST or RECENT waypoint as a direct-to destination: 1) Press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed (with the active flight plan destination as the default selection or a blank destination if no flight plan is active). 2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan).
GPS NAVIGATION 5) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’. 6) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to. Cancelling a Direct-to: 1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Cancel Direct-To NAV’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. If a flight plan is still active, the G1000 resumes navigating the flight plan along the closest leg.
GPS NAVIGATION A direct-to (when part of a flight plan) with altitude constraints creates a descent path (and provides guidance to stay on the path) from the aircraft’s current altitude to the altitude of the direct-to waypoint. The altitude is reached at the waypoint, or at the specified distance along the flight path if an offset distance has been entered. All VNV altitudes prior to the direct-to destination are removed from the active flight plan upon successful activation of the direct-to.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.6 FLIGHT PLANNING Flight planning on the G1000 consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoint along airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The G1000 allows flight planning to take place from either the MFD or PFD.
GPS NAVIGATION The following could cause the airway update to fail: • Airway identifier, entry waypoint or exit waypoint not found in the new database. • Airway entry/exit waypoint is not an acceptable waypoint for the airway – either the waypoint is no longer on the airway, or there is a new directional restriction that prevents it being used. • Loading the new airway sequence would exceed the capacity of the flight plan.
GPS NAVIGATION Catalog Contents - # Used - # Empty Flight Plan List - Comment Selected Flight Plan Map Selected FPL Info - Departure Waypoint - Destination Waypoint - Total Flight Plan Distance - Enroute Safe Altitude Softkeys Figure 5-56 Flight Plan Catalog Page Creating an active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (only on MFD). 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
GPS NAVIGATION OR: 1) Press the FPL Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the MENU Key. 4) Highlight ‘Create New Flight Plan’. 5) Press the ENT Key to display a blank flight plan for the first empty storage location. 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
GPS NAVIGATION ADDING WAYPOINTS TO AN EXISTING FLIGHT PLAN Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are limited to 99 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in the flight plan exceeds 99, the message “Flight plan is full. Remove unnecessary waypoints.
GPS NAVIGATION 3) Press the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint. The new waypoint is placed directly in front of the highlighted waypoint. 5) Enter the identifier, facility, or city of the new waypoint. 6) Press the ENT Key. The new waypoint now exists in the flight plan.
GPS NAVIGATION ADDING AIRWAYS TO A FLIGHT PLAN Airways can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose a flight plan (add the desired airway entry point if not already in the flight plan), select the waypoint after the desired airway entry point, select the airway, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. An airway can only be loaded if there is a waypoint in the flight plan that is part of the desired airway and is not part of an arrival or approach procedure.
GPS NAVIGATION Airway Entry Waypoint Selected Airway Selected Exit Point Preview of Selected Airway Airway Exit Points Available Selected Airway Exit Point Figure 5-61 Select Airway Page - Selecting Exit Point Inserted Airway Header - Airway Identifier: [airway identifier].[exit waypoint identifier] (e.g., V4.SLN) Figure 5-62 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION RESTRICTIONS ON ADDING AIRWAYS Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route. Airway “A2” in Europe has a directional restriction over the whole route such that it can be flown only in the direction MTD-ABB-BNE-DEVAL. Airway “UR975” in North Africa has more complicated directional restrictions within the list of airway waypoints AMANO, VAKOR, LIBRO NELDA, DIRKA, GZO, KOSET, and SARKI: • Starting from AMANO, the airway can be flown only to LIBRO.
GPS NAVIGATION DEPARTURE (DP) A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
GPS NAVIGATION Departure Airport Selected Departure Preview of Selected Departure Selected Departure End Point Selected Runway Selected Transition Departure Transition Points Available Departure Transition Points Available Figure 5-65 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition Inserted Departure Header - Departure Identifier: [departure airport]-[departure runway]. [departure transition]. [departure end point] (e.g., KMKC-ALL.TIFTO2.
GPS NAVIGATION ARRIVAL (STAR) A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
GPS NAVIGATION Destination Airport Selected Arrival Selected Transition Transitions Available with DBRY1 Arrival Waypoint Sequence Preview of Selected Arrival Figure 5-68 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Arrival Header - Arrival Identifier: [arrival airport]-[arrival transition]. [arrival].[arrival runway] (e.g., KCOS-ALS.DBRY1.ALL) Figure 5-69 Stored Flight Plan Page - Arrival Inserted 5-66 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION APPROACH (APPR) An Approach Procedure (APPR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan and provides precision or non-precision guidance. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an approach and the transition waypoints.
GPS NAVIGATION Destination Airport Selected Approach Selected Transition Transitions Available with Selected Approach Preview of Selected Approach Approach Waypoint Sequence Load Approach? Figure 5-71 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Approach Header - Approach Identifier: [approach airport].[runway and approach type] Figure 5-72 Stored Flight Plan Page - Approach Inserted FLIGHT PLAN STORAGE The G1000 can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99.
GPS NAVIGATION Selected Flight Plan Preview of Selected Flight Plan Stored Flight Plan Info - Departure Airport - Destination Airport - Total Flight Plan Distance - Enroute Safe Altitude Figure 5-73 Stored Flight Plan Information Storing an active flight plan from the Active Flight Plan Page or the Active Flight Plan Window: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Highlight ‘Store Flight Plan’. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan. 3) Select the ACTIVE Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Activate Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The ‘Activate Stored Flight Plan?’ window is displayed. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, select the ENT Key. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Highlight ‘Delete All’ and press the ENT Key. A ‘Delete all flight plans?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to delete all flight plans. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT PLAN EDITING The active flight plan or any stored flight plan can be edited. The edits made to the active flight plan affect navigation as soon as they are entered.
GPS NAVIGATION Deleting an entire procedure from the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the white header of the procedure to be deleted. 3) Press the CLR Key. The ‘Remove from flight plan?’ window is displayed. 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION Deleting an entire procedure from a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
GPS NAVIGATION 4) Select the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 5) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the comment field. 6) Use the FMS Knobs to edit the comment. 7) Press the ENT Key to accept the changes. ALONG TRACK OFFSETS A waypoint having an “along track offset” distance from an existing waypoint can be entered into a flight plan.
GPS NAVIGATION Entering an along track offset distance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (not required on the PFD) and turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the waypoint for the along track offset. 3) Press the ATK OFST Softkey (MFD only); or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Create ATK Offset Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘Left’ or ‘Right’ and press the ENT Key. The ‘DISTANCE’ field is highlighted. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter a distance from 1-99 nm and press the ENT Key. ‘ACTIVATE PARALLEL TRACK’ is highlighted. 5) Press the ENT Key to activate parallel track. Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to cancel the parallel track activation.
GPS NAVIGATION If the parallel track proposed by the offset direction and distance is not allowed by the system, the activation prompt is displayed, but disabled. Parallel Track cannot be activated if a course is set using direct-to or if the active leg is the first leg of the departure procedure. Attempting to activate parallel track with these conditions results in the message ‘Parallel Track Unavailable Invalid Route Geometry’.
GPS NAVIGATION Cancelling parallel track: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD) 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Parallel Track’, and press the ENT Key. The Parallel Track Window is displayed with ‘CANCEL PARALLEL TRACK?’ highlighted. 3) Press the ENT Key. ACTIVATING A FLIGHT PLAN LEG The G1000 allows selection of a highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the flight plan leg which is currently used for navigation guidance).
GPS NAVIGATION New Active Flight Plan Leg Confirmation Window Figure 5-81 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg INVERTING A FLIGHT PLAN Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point. Inverting the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD) 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Invert Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION FLIGHT PLAN VIEWS Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan; and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view. In the wide view, additional information is displayed: Fuel Remaining (FUEL REM), Estimated Time Enroute (ETE), Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA), and Bearing to the waypoint (BRG).
GPS NAVIGATION Active Flight Plan Narrow View Wide View WIDE Softkey NARROW Softkey LEG-LEG Softkey CUM Softkey Figure 5-83 Active Flight Plan - Wide vs. Narrow View COLLAPSING AIRWAYS The G1000 allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading.
GPS NAVIGATION Collapsing/expanding the airways in the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD) 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Collapse Airways’ or ‘Expand Airways’, and press the ENT key. The airways are collapsed/expanded.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.7 VERTICAL NAVIGATION NOTE: The G1000 supports vertical navigation for all lateral leg types except for CA, CI, FA, FM, HA, HM, PI, VA, VD, VI, VR, and VM. Vertical constraints are not retained in stored flight plans. The G1000 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute and teminal phases of flight. Guidance based on specified altitudes at waypoints in the active flight plan or to a direct-to waypoint is provided.
GPS NAVIGATION TOD items displayed in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box are dashed. VNV remains disabled until manually enabled. Vertical guidance in reversionary mode can only be enabled for a direct-to waypoint. The G1000 allows a vertical navigation direct-to to any waypoint in the active flight plan with an altitude constraint “designated” for vertical guidance.
GPS NAVIGATION ALTITUDE CONSTRAINTS The G1000 system can use altitude constraints associated with lateral waypoints to give guidance for vertical navigation. These altitudes are, depending on the specific instance, manually entered or retrieved from the published altitudes in the navigation database. The navigation database only contains altitudes for procedures that call for “Cross at” altitudes. If the procedure states “Expect to cross at,” then the altitude is not in the database.
GPS NAVIGATION Altitudes that have been designated for use in vertical guidance can be “un-designated”. The altitude is now displayed only as a reference. It is not used to give vertical guidance. Other displayed altitudes may change due to re-calculations or be rendered invalid as a result of manually changing an altitude to a non-designated altitude. Designating a waypoint altitude to be used for vertical guidance: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
GPS NAVIGATION Altitude constraints can be modified or deleted after having been added to the flight plan. In the event an altitude constraint is deleted and the navigation database contains an altitude restriction for the lateral waypoint, the G1000 displays the altitude restriction from the database provided no predicted altitude can be provided. Deleting an altitude constraint: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.8 PROCEDURES The G1000 can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs), and non-precision and precision approaches (APPR) are stored within the database and can be loaded using the Procedures (PROC) Key. The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan.
GPS NAVIGATION Departure Airport Available Procedure Actions Departure Choices Loaded Procedures Departure Preview Figure 5-88 Departure Selection Loaded Departure Selected Departure Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-89 Departure Loading Viewing available departures at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the DP Softkey. The Departure Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor moves to the Transition box. The departure is previewed on the map. 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor moves to the Sequence box. The departure is previewed on the map. 7) Select the INFO Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION Destination Airport Available Procedure Actions Arrival Choices Loaded Procedures Arrival Preview Figure 5-90 Arrival Selection Selected Arrival Loaded Arrival Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-91 Arrival Loading Viewing available arrivals at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor moves to the Runway box. The arrival is previewed on the map. 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor moves to the Sequence box. The arrival is previewed on the map. 7) Select the INFO Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION receiver can be used for supplemental navigation guidance only. If the GPS receiver cannot be used for primary guidance, the appropriate navigation receiver must be used for the selected approach (e.g., VOR or ILS). The final course segment of ILS approaches, for example, must be flown by tuning the NAV receiver to the proper frequency and selecting that NAV receiver on the CDI. The G1000 WAAS GPS allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, and LPV approaches according to the published chart.
GPS NAVIGATION Destination Airport Available Procedure Actions Approach Choices Loaded Procedures Approach Preview Figure 5-92 Approach Selection Selected Approach Loaded Approach LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-93 Approach Loading Viewing available approaches at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the APR Softkey.
GPS NAVIGATION 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor moves to the Transition box. The approach is previewed on the map. 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available transitions. Press the ENT Key to select the transition. The cursor moves to the Sequence box. The approach is previewed on the map. 7) Select the INFO Softkey to return to the Airport Information Page.
GPS NAVIGATION Loading and activating an approach using the MENU Key: 1) From the Approach Loading Page, press the MENU Key. The page menu is displayed with ‘Load & Activate Approach’ highlighted. 2) Press the ENT Key. When GPS is not approved for the selected final approach course, the message ‘NOT APPROVED FOR GPS’ is displayed. GPS provides guidance to the approach, but the HSI must to be switched to a NAV receiver to fly the final course of the approach.
GPS NAVIGATION COURSE TO FIX In a missed approach procedure, the fix immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368FT’) is not part of the published procedure. It is simply a fix that defines a leg which guides the aircraft along the runway centerline until the required altitude to make the first turn on the missed approach is exceeded.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.9 TRIP PLANNING The G1000 allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight planning is also available, based on fuel sensor data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).
GPS NAVIGATION TRIP STATISTICS The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs. • In flight plan mode (FPL) with a stored flight plan selected (NN), and the entire flight plan (CUM) selected, the waypoints are the starting and ending waypoints of the selected flight plan. • In flight plan mode (FPL) with a stored flight plan selected (NN), and a specific leg (NN) selected, the waypoints are the endpoints of the selected leg.
GPS NAVIGATION • Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the current fuel flow. • Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes. This value is obtained by dividing the amount of fuel on board by the current fuel flow. • Fuel on board upon reaching end of selected leg (REM FUEL) - This value is calculated by taking the amount of fuel onboard and subtracting the fuel required for trip.
GPS NAVIGATION Selecting automatic or manual page mode: 1) Select the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual Mode’, and press the ENT Key. Selecting flight plan or waypoint mode: 1) Select the FPL Softkey or the WPTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Flight Plan Mode’ or ‘Waypoints Mode’, and press the ENT Key. Selecting a flight plan and leg for trip statistics: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor in the flight plan number field.
GPS NAVIGATION WEIGHT PLANNING NOTE: All weight planning page data fields displays data rounded to the nearest 10 pounds or 5 kilograms.
GPS NAVIGATION Entering the average passenger weight: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the passenger weight field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to enter the average passenger weight. 3) Press the ENT Key to confirm the entry. The total weight of passengers is calculated by multiplying the number of passengers by the average passenger weight. Entering the cargo weight: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and highlight the ‘CARGO’ field.
GPS NAVIGATION WEIGHT CAUTION AND WARNING CONDITIONS If the zero fuel weight is greater than the maximum allowable zero fuel weight, then the zero fuel weight is displayed in amber. If the aircraft weight is greater than the maximum allowable takeoff weight, then the aircraft weight is displayed in amber. If the estimated landing weight is greater than the maximum allowable landing weight, then the estimated landing weight is displayed in amber.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.10 RAIM PREDICTION RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (4.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches). During oceanic, enroute, and terminal phases of flight, RAIM is available nearly 100% of the time.
GPS NAVIGATION 6) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key. 7) Press the ENT Key with ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’ highlighted to begin the computation. Predicting RAIM availability at the aircraft present position: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob. The RAIM Prediction ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted. 3) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Set WPT to Present Position’, and press the ENT Key. 4) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry.
GPS NAVIGATION Enabling/Disabling SBAS: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob. The SBAS SELECTION ‘WAAS’ field is highlighted. 3) Press the ENT Key to disable SBAS. Press the ENT Key again to enable SBAS. SBAS Status SBAS SELECTION Box - WAAS Enable/Disable RAIM Softkey (displays RAIM PREDICTION) 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.11 NAVIGATING A FLIGHT PLAN The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the WAAS capable GPS system while the G1000 provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active. The example is a flight plan from KMKC to KCOS filed using the TIFTO2 departure, various Victor Airways, and the DBRY1 arrival with the transition at TBE.
GPS NAVIGATION 3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading 290° as seen in Figure 5-103. Note the current CDI flight phase is now ENR (Enroute). When the aircraft reached 30 nm from the departure point, the flight phase changed from TERM to ENR on the HSI and CDI scaling changed to 2.0 nm. Figure 5-103 Assigned Heading of 290º 4) Enter V4 into the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired entry point as shown in Figure 5-104. When the V4 entry point is inserted, it is placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN). Figure 5-104 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. Enter the desired entry point for V4, Topeka VOR (TOP), as shown in Figure 5-105.
GPS NAVIGATION d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-106. Figure 5-106 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-106, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available. f) Select the LD AIRWY Softkey to display the list of available airways for TOP as seen in Figure 5-107.
GPS NAVIGATION h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-108. Figure 5-108 List of Available Exits for V4 i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in Figure 5-108. j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in Figure 5-109. Figure 5-109 Ready to Load V4 k) Press the ENT Key.
GPS NAVIGATION l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-110. Figure 5-110 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan 5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight SLN. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate the leg. c) Select the ACT LEG Softkey. The confirmation window is now displayed as in Figure 5-111. Note the TOP to SLN leg is actually part of V4.
GPS NAVIGATION d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-112, the magenta arrow in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. Figure 5-112 V4 Now Active Leg 6) The aircraft continues on heading 290º. When 2.0 nm from the intercept, the XTK disappears from the HSI and the CDI is positioned on the last dot indicating a 2.0 nm distance from the centerline of the next course.
GPS NAVIGATION 7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-113. Figure 5-113 Turn on to Active Leg 8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box as seen in Figure 5-114. Figure 5-114 Turn to Intercept V244 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 9) As seen in Figure 5-115, V244 is now the active flight plan leg. Figure 5-115 V244 Now Active Leg 5-116 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-116. Figure 5-116 HYS to LAA Leg Active 11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list. c) Press the Direct-to ( ) Key. The Direct-to Window is now displayed as shown in Figure 5-117.
GPS NAVIGATION d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-118. Figure 5-118 Enter VNV Altitude e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC. f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-119. Figure 5-119 Enter VNV Offset Distance g) Enter the offset, or distance from the waypoint at which to reach the selected altitude. In this case, three miles prior to OPSHN is entered.
GPS NAVIGATION h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-120, the magenta arrow indicating the directto OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed. Keep the CDI centered and maintain a track along the magenta line to OPSHN.
GPS NAVIGATION b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-121. Figure 5-121 Proceudures Window c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-122. Figure 5-122 List of Available Approaches d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-122. 5-120 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-123. Figure 5-123 List of Available Transitions f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK is used. g) Press the ENT Key. h) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as seen in Figure 5-124. Figure 5-124 Loaded Approach 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-125. These altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as light blue text, indicating these values are “designated” for use in computing vertical deviation guidance. Note: To no longer use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the following: a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
GPS NAVIGATION 14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.0 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to maintain the -3.0 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps. a) Select the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in Figure 5-126.
GPS NAVIGATION 15) As seen in Figure 5-127, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reached the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-128.
GPS NAVIGATION 16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established which places the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as shown in Figure 5-129. Keep Vertical Deviation Pointer Centered Align Actual Vertical Speed with Required Vertical Speed Figure 5-129 VDI & RVSI Showing Correctly Established Descent 17) When the aircraft is one minute from the bottom of descent (BOD) it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-130. Upon reaching the offset waypoint for OPSHN, the aircraft is at 10,000 feet.
GPS NAVIGATION 18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the PFD as seen in Figure 5-131. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI. Figure 5-131 Turn to intercept OPSHN to FSHER Leg 5-126 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-132. The magenta arrow in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active. Figure 5-132 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg 20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-133).
GPS NAVIGATION Figure 5-133 Approaching PYNON 5-128 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating the approach procedure (see Figure 5-134).
GPS NAVIGATION 22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16. The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK. Figure 5-136 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) 5-130 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-137) when the final approach course becomes active.
GPS NAVIGATION 24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE” 6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-138. Figure 5-138 Descending to the Missed Approach Point In this missed approach procedure, the fix immediately following the MAP (in this case ‘6368FT’) is not part of the published procedure.
GPS NAVIGATION 25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended past the MAP. Select the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing through the missed approach procedure. A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure 5-139. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet. The CDI flight phase now changes from LPV to MAPR as seen on the HSI.
GPS NAVIGATION 26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-140. Figure 5-140 Establishing the Holding Pattern 27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-141. Figure 5-141 Hold Established 5-134 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
GPS NAVIGATION 5.12 ABNORMAL OPERATION This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications. NOTE: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the G1000 stops using GPS.
GPS NAVIGATION Distance & Bearing Dead Reckoning Annunciaion Wind Data GPS Navigation Lost Message Track Bug (if shown) Bearing Pointer/ Distance Navigation Data Bar Wind Data All data except Active Leg, TAS, and DTK are in yellow Dead Reckoning Annunciation Subdued Aircraft Symbol Figure 5-142 Dead Reckoning Mode - GPS Derived Data Shown in Yellow NOTE: The Inset Map is removed from the PFD any time aircraft pitch is greater than +30° or less than –20°, or when a 65° bank angle is reached.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SECTION 6 HAZARD AVOIDANCE The G1000 hazard avoidance features are designed to provide advisory information of potential hazards to flight safety associated with weather, terrain, and air traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.1 XM SATELLITE WEATHER (OPTIONAL) NOTE: XM Satellite Weather data provides information for avoiding hazardous weather. It is not meant for use to penetrate hazardous weather. XM Satellite Weather is provided through the GDL 69A, a remote-mounted data-link satellite receiver. Received graphical weather information and associated text is displayed on the Multi Function Display (MFD) and the Primary Flight Display (PFD) Inset Map.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Data Radio ID (for XM Weather) Audio Radio ID (for XM Satellite Radio) Weather Products (Available Products for Service Class Indicated in Green) Select INFO Softkey to Display XM Information page Figure 6-2 XM Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE USING XM SATELLITE WEATHER PRODUCTS The primary map for viewing XM Weather data is the Weather Data Link Page in the Map Page Group. This is the only G1000 map display capable of showing information for all available XM weather products. Viewing the Weather Data Link Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Map Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Weather Data Link Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE This table shows the weather product symbols, the expiration time and the refresh rate. The refresh rate represents the interval at which XM Satellite Radio broadcasts new signals that may or may not contain new weather data. It does not represent the rate at which weather data is updated or new content is received by the Data Link Receiver. Weather data is refreshed at intervals that are defined and controlled by XM Satellite Radio and its data vendors.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Cloud Top (CLD TOP) + Echo Top (ECHO TOP) + Flight Plan Pages + Nearest Page Group + AUX - Trip Planning Page + Weather Information Page Weather Data Link Page NEXRAD Navigation Map Page Weather Product PFD Inset Map This table shows which XM products can be displayed (indicated with a ‘+’ symbol) on specific maps.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER SOFTKEYS ON THE WEATHER DATA LINK PAGE Softkeys control the display of weather information on most MFD pages and the PFD Inset Map (The figure shows the weather product softkeys for the Weather Data Link Page). When a weather product is selected for display, the corresponding softkey label changes to gray to indicate the product is enabled. Unavailable weather products have subdued softkey labels (softkeys are disabled from selection).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Setting up and customizing the Weather Data Link Page: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Weather Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-5). 4) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll though product selections (Figure 6-6). 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll though options for each product (ON/OFF, range settings, etc.). 6) Press the ENT Key to select an option.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Maps other than the Weather Data Link Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-7). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Weather’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-8). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll though product selections (Figure 6-9).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Each active weather product has an associated legend which can be displayed on the Weather Data Link Page. Weather product legends are not interchangeable. Viewing legends for displayed weather products 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the LEGEND Softkey to display the legends for the displayed weather products. OR: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘Weather Legend’ and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD NOTE: NEXRAD cannot be displayed at the same time as map topography and/or terrain. WSR-88D, or NEXRAD (NEXt-generation RADar), is a network of 158 high-resolution Doppler radar systems that are operated by the National Weather Service (NWS). NEXRAD data provides centralized meteorological information for the continental United States and selected overseas locations. The maximum range of a single NEXRAD radar site is 250 nm.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying NEXRAD weather information: 1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey). This step is not necessary on the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey. Composite data from all the NEXRAD radar sites in the United States is shown. This data is composed of the maximum reflectivity from the individual radar sweeps. The display of the information is color-coded to indicate the weather severity level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE REFLECTIVITY Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. Colors on the NEXRAD display directly correlate to the level of detected reflectivity. Reflectivity as it relates to hazardous weather can be very complex. The role of radar is essentially to detect moisture in the atmosphere. Simply put, certain types of weather reflect radar better than others. The intensity of a radar reflection is not necessarily an indication of the weather hazard level.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The following may cause abnormalities in displayed NEXRAD radar images: • Ground clutter • Strobes and spurious radar data • Sun strobes (when the radar antenna points directly at the sun) • Interference from buildings or mountains, which may cause shadows • Metallic dust from military aircraft, which can cause alterations in radar scans ECHO TOPS NOTE: Display of Echo Tops is mutually exclusive with Cloud Tops and NEXRAD.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying Echo Tops information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the ECHO TOPS Softkey. To display the Echo Tops legend, select the LEGEND Softkey when Echo Tops is selected for display. Since Echo Tops and Cloud Tops use the same color scaling to represent altitude, display of these weather products is mutually exclusive. When Echo Tops is activated, NEXRAD and Cloud Tops data are removed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CLOUD TOPS NOTE: Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time. Cloud Tops data depicts cloud top altitudes as determined from satellite imagery. Figure 6-16 Cloud Tops Data Displaying Cloud Tops information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the CLOUD TOPS Softkey. To display the Cloud Tops legend, select the LEGEND Softkey when Cloud Tops is selected for display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE XM LIGHTNING Lightning data shows the approximate location of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. A strike icon represents a strike that has occurred within a two-kilometer region. The exact location of the lightning strike is not displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CELL MOVEMENT Cell Movement data shows the location and movement of storm cells as identified by the ground-based system. Cells are represented by yellow squares, with direction of movement indicated with short, orange arrows. Storm Cells Figure 6-20 Cell Movement Data On most applicable maps, Cell Movement data is selected for display along with NEXRAD. On the Weather Data Link Page, Cell Movement data can be selected independently.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SIGMETS AND AIRMETS SIGMETs (SIGnificant METeorological Information) and AIRMETs (AIRmen’s METeorological Information) are broadcast for potentially hazardous weather considered of extreme importance to all aircraft. A Convective SIGMET is issued for hazardous convective weather. A localized SIGMET is a significant weather condition occurring at a localized geographical position.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Sample SIGMET Text SIGMET/AIRMET Legend Figure 6-23 SIGMET/AIRMET Text and Legend 6-20 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE METARS AND TAFS NOTE: Atmospheric pressure as reported for METARs is given in hectopascals (hPa), except in the United States, where it is reported in inches of mercury (in Hg). Temperatures are reported in Celsius. NOTE: METAR information is only displayed within the installed aviation database service area. METAR (METeorological Aerodrome Report) is the standard format for pre-flight weather briefings. METARs are updated hourly and are considered current.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 5) Press the FMS Knob or the CLR Key to return to the Weather Data Link Page. OR: 1) Select the Weather Information Page. a) Select the first rectangular page in the Waypoint Page Group. b) Select the WX Softkey to select the Weather Information Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob to display the cursor. 3) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired airport and press the ENT Key. 4) Use the FMS Knob or the ENT Key to scroll through the METAR and TAF text.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SURFACE ANALYSIS AND CITY FORECAST NOTE: Surface Analysis and City Forecast data are displayed only within the installed Aviation Database service area. Surface Analysis and City Forecast information is available for current and forecast weather conditions. Forecasts are available for intervals of 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours. Figure 6-27 Surface Analysis Data - 36-Hour Displaying Surface Analysis and City Forecast information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE To display the Surface Analysis and City Forecast legend, select the LEGEND Softkey when Surface Analysis and City Forecast are selected for display. Figure 6-28 Surface Analysis Legend 6-24 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE FREEZING LEVEL Freezing Level data shows the color-coded contour lines for the altitude and location at which the first isotherm is found. When no data is displayed for a given altitude, the data for that altitude has not been received, or is out of date and has been removed from the display. New data appears at the next update. Figure 6-29 Freeze Level Data Displaying Freezing Level information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WINDS ALOFT Winds Aloft data shows the forecasted wind speed and direction at the surface and at selected altitudes. Altitude can be displayed in 3000-foot increments up to 42,000 feet MSL. Displaying Winds Aloft data: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the WIND Softkey. 4) Select the desired altitude level: SFC (surface) up to 42,000 feet. Select the NEXT or PREV Softkey to cycle through the altitude softkeys.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE COUNTY WARNINGS County data provides specific public awareness and protection weather warnings from the National Weather Service (NWS). This can include information on fires, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, flood conditions, and other natural disasters. Flood Warnings Thunderstorm Warnings Figure 6-33 County Flood and Thunderstorm Warnings Displaying County Warning information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the COUNTY Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE CYCLONE The Cyclone weather product shows the current location of cyclones (hurricanes) and their projected tracks. Figure 6-35 Cyclone Data Selected for Display Displaying cyclone (hurricane) track information: 1) Select the Weather Data Link Page. 2) Select the MORE WX Softkey. 3) Select the CYCLONE Softkey. To display the Cyclone legend, select the LEGEND Softkey when Cyclones are selected to be displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.2 AIRBORNE COLOR WEATHER RADAR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Garmin GWX 68 Airborne Color Weather Radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar with 6.5 kilowatts of output power. It combines excellent range and adjustable scanning profiles with a high-definition target display. The pulse width is four microseconds (µs) on all ranges except the 2.5 nm range.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEXRAD AND AIRBORNE WEATHER RADAR Both Airborne Weather Radar and NEXRAD measure weather reflectivity in decibels (dB). A decibel is a logarithmic expression of the ratio of two quantities. Airborne Weather Radar measures the ratio of power against the gain of the antenna, while NEXRAD measures the energy reflected back to the radar, or the radar reflectivity ratio. Both systems use colors to identify the different echo intensities, but the colors are not interchangeable.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE RADAR SIGNAL ATTENUATION The phenomenon of radar signal attenuation affects the operation of weather radar. When the radar signal is transmitted, it is progressively absorbed and scattered, making the signal weaker. This weakening, or attenuation, is caused by two primary sources, distance and precipitation. Attenuation because of distance is due to the fact that the radar energy leaving the antenna is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE RADAR SIGNAL REFLECTIVITY PRECIPITATION Precipitation or objects more dense than water, such as the surface of the earth or solid structures, will be detected by the weather radar. The weather radar will not detect clouds, thunderstorms or turbulence directly. It detects precipitation associated with clouds, thunderstorms, and turbulence. The best radar signal reflectors are raindrops, wet snow, or wet hail. The larger the raindrop, the better the reflectivity.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE GROUND RETURNS The intensity of ground target returns depends upon the angle at which the radar beam strikes the ground target (Angle of Incidence) and the reflective properties of that target. The gain can be adjusted so shorelines, rivers, lakes, and cities are well-defined. Increasing gain too much causes the display to fill in between targets, thus obscuring some landmarks. Cities normally provide a strong return signal.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SAFE OPERATING DISTANCE The following information establishes a minimum safe distance from the antenna for personnel near operating weather radar. The minimum safe distance is based on the FCC’s exposure limit at 9.3 to 9.5 GHz for general population/uncontrolled environments, which is 1 mW/cm2. See Advisory Circular 20-68B for more information on safe distance determination.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PRACTICAL APPLICATION USING THE BASIC TILT SETUP With the antenna tilt set as previously described, any displayed target return should be scrutinized when flying at altitudes between 2,000 and 30,000 feet AGL. If the displayed target advances on the screen to within 5 nautical miles of the aircraft, avoid it. This may be either weather or ground returns that are 2,000 feet or less below the aircraft.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION WEATHER DISPLAY INTERPRETATION When evaluating various target returns on the weather radar display, the colors denote precipitation intensity and rates shown in the table. Weather Mode Color Intensity Black Green Yellow Red Magenta < 23 dBZ 23 dBZ to < 32 dBZ 32 dBZ to < 41 dBZ 41 dBZ to < 50 dBZ 50 dBZ and greater Approximate Precipitation Rate (in/hr.) < .01. .01 - 0.1. 0.1 - 0.5 0.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Along squall lines (multiple cells or clusters of cells in a line, individual cells may be in different stages of development. Areas between closely spaced, intense targets may contain developing clouds not having enough moisture to produce a return. However, these areas could have strong updrafts or downdrafts. Targets showing wide areas of green are generally precipitation without severe turbulence.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE In areas of multiple heavy cells, use the Vertical Scan feature along with antenna tilt management to examine the areas. Remember to avoid shadowed areas behind targets. The Blind Alley at Close Range The Large Storm Behind Figure 6-45 The Blind Alley TORNADOES There are no conclusive radar target return characteristics which will identify a tornado.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Hail shafts are associated with the same radar target return characteristics as tornados. U-shaped cloud edges three to seven miles across can also indicate hail. These target returns appear quite suddenly along any edge of the cell outline. They also change in intensity and shape in a matter of seconds, making vigilant monitoring essential. OPERATION IN WEATHER MODE WARNING: Begin transmitting only when it is safe to do so.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying weather on the Weather Radar Page: 1) Select the Map Page Group. 2) Select the Weather Radar Page. 3) Select the MODE Softkey. 4) To select Weather Mapping Mode: a) While on the ground, select the STANDBY Softkey. A one-minute warm-up period is initiated (countdown is displayed on the screen). After the warm-up is complete, the radar enters the Standby Mode. b) When the aircraft is airborne, select the WEATHER Softkey. OR: a) While on the ground, select the WEATHER Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Vertically scanning a storm cell: NOTE: Vertical scanning of a storm cell should be done with the aircraft wings level to avoid constant adjustment of the Bearing Line. 1) While in the Horizontal Scan view, select the BRG Softkey. This places the cursor in the BEARING field and displays the Bearing Line. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing Line. Press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-49 Vertical Scan Display ADJUSTING ANTENNA TILT ANGLE In order to make an accurate interpretation of a storm cell, the radar beam should be pointed at the wet part of the weather cell to record the proper rainfall intensity (color level). The ideal aiming point is just below the freezing level of the storm. The best way to find this point is to use the Vertical Scan feature.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Adjusting antenna tilt on the Vertical Scan display: 1) Select the TILT Softkey to activate the cursor in the TILT field and display the Tilt Line. If the Tilt Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Tilt Line. Press the ENT Key. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the antenna tilt angle. The selected tilt angle will be implemented when Horizontal Scan is again selected. The Joystick can also be used to adjust tilt.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE ADJUSTING GAIN WARNING: Changing the gain in weather mode will cause precipitation intensity to be displayed as a color not representative of the true intensity. Remember to return the gain setting to Calibrated for viewing the actual intensity of precipitation. 1) Select the GAIN Softkey to activate the cursor in the GAIN field. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to adjust the gain for the desirable level. The gain setting is visible in the GAIN field as a movable horizontal bar in a flashing box.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SECTOR SCAN 1) While in horizontal scan mode, select the BRG Softkey to display the Bearing Line and place the cursor in the BEARING field. If the Bearing Line is not displayed, press the MENU Key and turn the large FMS Knob to select Show Bearing Line. Press the ENT Key. Figure 6-52 Selecting Sector Scan Position 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to place the Bearing Line in the desired position. The location of the Bearing Line will become the center point of the Sector Scan.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-53 40˚ Sector Scan ANTENNA STABILIZATION 1) To activate or deactivate the antenna stabilization, select the MODE Softkey. 2) Select the STAB ON Softkey to activate antenna stabilization or select the STAB OFF Softkey to deactivate. The current stabilization condition is shown in the upper right of the weather radar display. 6-46 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER ATTENUATED COLOR HIGHLIGHT (WATCH™) While in horizontal scan mode, this feature can be used as a tool to determine areas of possible inaccuracies in displayed intensity due to weakening of the radar energy. This weakening is known as attenuation. The radar energy weakens as it passes through areas of intense precipitation, large areas of lesser precipitation, and distance. Issues with the radome will also attenuate the radar energy.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE WEATHER ALERT This feature may be used to indicate the presence of heavy precipitation beyond the currently displayed range and 80 to 320 nm from the aircraft’s present position. Weather Alert targets appear as red bands along the outer range ring at the approximate azimuth of the detected returns. If a Weather Alert is detected within ±10° of the aircraft heading, an alert will be displayed on the PFD in the Messages Window.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE GROUND MAPPING AND INTERPRETATION A secondary use of the weather radar system is for the presentation of terrain. This can be a useful tool for verifying aircraft position. A picture of the ground is represented much like a topographical map that can be used as a supplement to the navigation map on the MFD. Ground Map mode uses a different gain range than Weather mode. Different colors are also used to represent the intensity levels.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.3 TERRAIN AWARENESS & WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) NOTE: The data contained in the TAWS databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data. The Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) is an optional feature to increase situational awareness and aid in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE DISPLAYING TAWS DATA TAWS uses yellow (caution) and red (warning) to depict terrain and obstacles (with heights greater than 200 feet above ground level, AGL) alerts relative to aircraft altitude. Colors are adjusted automatically as the aircraft altitude changes. The colors and symbols shown in the figure and table below are used to represent terrain, obstacles, and potential impact points.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Terrain data can be selected for display independently of obstacle data; however, obstacles for which warnings and cautions are issued are shown when terrain is selected for display and the map range is within the setting limit. Maps other than the TAWS Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page. The maximum display ranges for obstacles on each map are dependent on the range setting made for the Navigation Map.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The TAWS Page is specialized to show terrain, obstacle, and potential impact point data in relation to the aircraft’s current altitude, without clutter from the basemap. Aviation data (airports, VORs, and other NAVAIDs) can be displayed for reference. If an obstacle and the projected flight path of the aircraft intersect, the display automatically zooms in to the closest potential point of impact on the TAWS Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Red Terrain (Warning - Terrain Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Map Range Yellow Terrain (Caution - Terrain Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Black Terrain (No Danger - Terrain More than 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Terrain Legend Figure 6-61 TAWS Page, 360º View Red Terrain (Warning - Terrain Above or Within 100’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Map Range Yellow Terrain (Caution - Terrain Between 100’ and 1000’ Below the Aircraft Altitude) Black Te
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAWS ALERTS Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within TAWS software algorithms. TAWS alerts typically employ a CAUTION or a WARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations are displayed and aural alerts are simultaneously issued. Table 6-6 shows TAWS alert types with corresponding annunciations and aural messages. When an alert is issued, annunciations appear on the PFD and MFD.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Potential Impact Point Alert Annunciation Figure 6-65 TAWS PULL UP Alert Annunciation on the MFD 6-56 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAWS INHIBIT PDA and FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Use caution when inhibiting TAWS as the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS is inhibited, the alert annunciation ‘TAWS INHB’ is shown on the PFD and MFD. Figure 6-66 TAWS Alerting Disabled (TAWS Inhibited) Annunciation Inhibiting/enabling TAWS alerting: 1) Select the TAWS Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select Inhibit TAWS or Enable TAWS, dependending on the current state, and press the ENT Key.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PFD/MFD Alert Annunciation Alert Type MFD Pop-Up Alert Aural Message Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR) “Pull Up” or “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up” or * Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up’* or “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up” * Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC) Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) or “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pul
HAZARD AVOIDANCE EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. The following figure shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE FORWARD LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE The Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA) alert is used by TAWS and is composed of: • REDUCED REQUIRED TERRAIN CLEARANCE AND REDUCED REQUIRED OBSTACLE CLEARANCE Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) alerts are issued when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within the minimum clearance values.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PREMATURE DESCENT ALERTING A Premature Descent Alert (PDA) is issued when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly below the normal approach path to a runway. PDA alerting begins when the aircraft is within 15 nm of the destination airport and ends when the aircraft is either 0.5 nm from the runway threshold OR is at an altitude of 125 feet AGL while within 1.0 nm of the threshold.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE NEGATIVE CLIMB RATE AFTER TAKEOFF ALERT (NCR) The Negative Climb Rate (NCR) After Takeoff alert (also referred to as “Altitude Loss After Takeoff”) provides alerts when the system determines the aircraft is losing altitude (closing upon terrain) after takeoff. The aural message “Don’t Sink” is given for NCR alerts, accompanied by an annunciation and a pop-up terrain alert on the display.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS During G1000 power-up, TAWS conducts a self-test of its aural and visual annunciations. The system test can also be manually initiated. An aural alert is issued at test completion. TAWS System Testing is disabled when ground speed exceeds 30 knots.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.4 TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) Warning: The Traffic Information Service (TIS) is intended for advisory use only. TIS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar site. Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to both Traffic Advisory Systems (TAS) and TIS.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE A Non-threat Advisory, shown as an open white diamond, indicates that an intruding aircraft is at greater than ±1200 feet relative altitude or the distance is beyond 5 nm. A Proximity Advisory indicates that the intruding aircraft is within ±1200 feet and is within 5nm range, but is still not considered a threat. A Traffic Advisory (TA) alerts the crew to a potentially hazardous intruding aircraft. Closing rate, distance, and vertical separation meet TA criteria.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE DISPLAYING TRAFFIC DATA Traffic information can be displayed on the following maps (when TIS is operating): • Trip Planning Page • PFD Inset Map • Navigation Map Page • Nearest Pages • Traffic Map Page • Active Flight Plan Page • VOR Information Page Displaying traffic information (maps other than the Traffic Map Page): 1) Select the MAP Softkey (select the INSET Softkey for the PFD Inset Map). 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey to display traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling display of traffic. The setup menu also controls the map range settings above which traffic data (symbols and labels) are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. Maps other than the Traffic Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 6-73 Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 6-74 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu 6-68 Figure 6-75 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TRAFFIC MAP PAGE The Traffic Map Page is specialized to show surrounding TIS traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current position and altitude, without clutter from the basemap. Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Map range is adjustable with the Joystick from 2 to 12 nm, as indicated by the map range rings. The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE TIS ALERTS When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur: • A single “Traffic” voice alert is generated. • A ‘TRAFFIC’ Annunciation appears to the top left of the Attitude Indicator on the PFD, flashing for 5 seconds and remaining displayed until no TAs are detected in the area. • The PFD Inset Map is automatically displayed with traffic.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Muting the “Traffic Not Available” voice alert: 1) Select the Traffic Map Page. 2) Select the TNA MUTE Softkey. The status is displayed in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. OR: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘‘’Not Available” Mute On’ (shown if TNA muting is currently off) and press the ENT Key. SYSTEM STATUS The G1000 performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up. If TIS passes the test, TIS enters Standby Mode (on the ground) or Operating Mode (in the air).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE System Test Failed No Data Received from Transponder Figure 6-78 TIS Power-up Test Failure The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode. If traffic is selected for display on another map while Standby Mode is selected, the traffic display enabled icon is crossed out (also the case when TIS has failed).
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Switching between TIS modes: 1) Select the Traffic Map Page. 2) Select the STANDBY or OPERATE Softkey to switch between modes. The mode is displayed in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. OR: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘Operate Mode’ or ‘Standby Mode’ (if airborne or on the ground) and press the ENT Key. The annunciations indicate the status of traffic information appear in a banner at the lower left corner of maps on which traffic can be displayed.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.5 HONEYWELL KTA 870 TAS SYSTEM (OPTIONAL) NOTE: TIS is disabled when Traffic Advisory System (TAS) is installed. Refer to the Honeywell KTA 870 Pilot’s Guide for a detailed discussion of the KTA 870 TAS System. The type of traffic systems that is installed is determined by the traffic page softkeys. Figure 6-79 TAS Traffic Softkeys TAS SYMBOLOGY Traffic Advisory System (TAS) is designed to help in detection and avoidance of other aircraft.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE PILOT-INITIATED SELF TEST NOTE: A pilot initiated self test can only be performed when the system is in standby or failed mode. Performing a pilot-initiated self test: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the TEST Softkey. 2) Set the range to 2/6 nm. 3) Select the STANDBY Softkey. 3) Select the TEST Softkey again. 4) The pilot-initiated test will take approximately eight seconds to complete. When completed successfully, traffic symbols display as shown.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE OPERATING MODES The unit must be in operating mode for traffic to be displayed. The ability to switch out of standby into operating mode on the ground is especially useful for scanning the airspace around the airport before takeoff. Switching to operating mode from standby mode: 1) On the Traffic Page, select the OPERATE Softkey or press the MENU Key and turn the small FMS knob to select ‘Operating Mode’.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Displaying traffic on the Traffic Map Page: 1) Turn the large FMS knob to select the Map Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS knob to select the second rectangular page icon. 3) Select the OPERATE Softkey to begin displaying traffic. ‘TAS OPERATING’ is displayed in the Traffic mode field. 4) Select the ALT MODE Softkey to change the altitude volume. Select the desired altitude volume by selecting the BELOW, NORMAL, ABOVE, or UNREST (unrestricted) Softkey.
HAZARD AVOIDANCE Operating Mode Off Scale Traffic Altitude Mode Traffic Advisory, Aircraft is 400’ Below, Climbing “Non-Bearing” Traffic (Bearing Undetermined), Distance 8.0 nm, 1100’ Above, Descending Proximity Traffic, 1000’ Above, Descending Figure 6-81 KTA 870 Traffic Map Page Displaying traffic on the Navigation Map 1) Ensure the KTA 870 system is operating. With the Navigation Map displayed, select the MAP Softkey. 2) Select the TRAFFIC Softkey. Traffic now displays on the map as shown in the figure.
AFCS SECTION 7 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 7.1 AFCS OVERVIEW NOTE: The approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) always supersedes this Pilot’s Guide. The GFC 700 is a digital Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), fully integrated within the G1000 System avionics architecture. The System Overview section provides a block diagram to support this system description.
AFCS AFCS CONTROL UNIT The AFCS Control Unit is positioned above the MFD, and has the following controls: 1 2 3 4 HDG Key APR Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode NAV Key FD Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode Activates/deactivates the flight director only Pressing once turns on the selected flight director in the default vertical and lateral modes. Pressing again deactivates the flight director and removes the Command Bars. If the autopilot is engaged, the key is disabled.
AFCS ADDITIONAL AFCS CONTROLS The following AFCS controls are located separately from the AFCS Control Unit: AP DISC Switch (Autopilot Disconnect) CWS Button (Control Wheel Steering) Disengages the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director and interrupts pitch trim operation An AP DISC Switch is located on each control wheel. This switch may be used to acknowledge an autopilot disconnect alert and mute the associated aural tone.
AFCS 7.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION The flight director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS and displays them on the PFDs. With the flight director active, the aircraft can be hand-flown to follow the path shown by the Command Bars. Maximum commanded pitch (±20°) and roll (Table 7-3) angles, vertical acceleration, and roll rate are limited to values established during AFCS certification. The flight director also provides commands to the autopilot.
AFCS AFCS STATUS BOX Flight director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFDs when the flight director is active. Flight director selection and autopilot and yaw damper statuses are shown in the center of the AFCS Status Box. Lateral flight director modes are displayed on the left and vertical on the right. Armed modes are displayed in white and active in green.
AFCS FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES Flight director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e., press on, press off). In the absence of specific mode selection, the flight director reverts to the default pitch and/or roll modes(s). Mode keys on the AFCS controller are accompanied by annunciator lights (Figure 7-1) which are illuminated when their respective modes are armed or active.
AFCS COMMAND BARS Upon activation of the flight director, Command Bars are displayed in magenta on the PFDs as single cues or cross pointers. The Aircraft Symbol (in yellow) changes to accommodate the Command Bar format; the Command Bars do not override the Aircraft Symbol. The single-cue Command Bars (Figure 7-5) move together vertically to indicate pitch commands and bank left or right to indicate roll commands.
AFCS 7.3 VERTICAL MODES Table 7-2 lists the vertical modes with their corresponding controls and annunciations. The mode reference is displayed next to the active mode annunciation for Altitude Hold, Vertical Speed, and Flight Level Change modes. The NOSE UP/DN Wheel can be used to change the vertical mode reference while operating under Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, or Flight Level Change Mode.
AFCS PITCH HOLD MODE (PIT) When the flight director is activated (the FD Key is pressed) or switched (the XFR Key is pressed), Pitch Hold Mode is selected by default. Pitch Hold Mode is indicated as the active vertical mode by the ‘PIT’ annunciation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter), since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Pitch Hold Mode is activated.
AFCS SELECTED ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTS) Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed with activation of the following modes: • Pitch Hold • Go Around • Vertical Speed • Vertical Path Tracking (if the Selected Altitude is to be captured instead of the VNV Target Altitude) • Flight Level Change The white ‘ALTS’ annunciation indicates Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed (see Figure 7-7 for example).
AFCS ALTITUDE HOLD MODE (ALT) Altitude Hold Mode can be activated by pressing the ALT Key; the flight director maintains the current aircraft altitude (to the nearest 10 feet) as the Altitude Reference. The flight director’s Altitude Reference, shown in the AFCS Status Box, is independent of the Selected Altitude, displayed above the Altimeter. Altitude Hold Mode active is indicated by a green ‘ALT’ annunciation in the AFCS Status Box.
AFCS VERTICAL SPEED MODE (VS) In Vertical Speed Mode, the flight director acquires and maintains a Vertical Speed Reference. Current aircraft vertical speed (to the nearest 100 fpm) becomes the Vertical Speed Reference at the moment of Vertical Speed Mode activation. This mode may be used for climb or descent to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter) since Selected Altitude Capture Mode is automatically armed when Vertical Speed Mode is selected.
AFCS FLIGHT LEVEL CHANGE MODE (FLC) NOTE: The Selected Altitude should be set before selecting Flight Level Change Mode. Flight Level Change Mode is selected by pressing the FLC Key. This mode acquires and maintains the Airspeed Reference (in IAS or Mach) while climbing or descending to the Selected Altitude (shown above the Altimeter). When Flight Level Change Mode is active, the flight director continuously monitors Selected Altitude, airspeed, Mach, and altitude.
AFCS CHANGING THE AIRSPEED REFERENCE The Airspeed Reference (shown in both the AFCS Status Box and above the Airspeed Indicator) may be adjusted by: • Using the NOSE UP/DN Wheel • Pressing the CWS Button, hand-flying the aircraft to attain a new Airspeed Reference, then releasing the CWS Button During climb, the Airspeed Reference units automatically change from IAS to Mach when either the altitude or the airspeed listed in Table 7-3 are attained.
AFCS Airspeed Reference units can be manually toggled between IAS and Mach units using the SPD Key. When the FLC Airspeed Reference is displayed in Mach, the Airspeed Reference Bug is displayed on the Airspeed Indicator at the IAS corresponding to the selected Mach target speed and the current Mach number is shown below the Airspeed Indicator.
AFCS VERTICAL NAVIGATION MODES (VPTH, ALTV) NOTE: VNV is disabled when parallel track or Dead Reckoning Mode is active. NOTE: The Selected Altitude takes precedence over any other vertical constraints. Vertical Navigation (VNV) flight control is available for enroute/terminal cruise and descent operations any time that VNV flight planning is available. Refer to the GPS Navigation Section for more information on VNV flight plans.
AFCS Prior to descent path interception, the Selected Altitude must be set below the current aircraft altitude by at least 75 feet.
AFCS When a descent leg is captured (i.e., vertical deviation becomes valid), Vertical Path Tracking becomes active and tracks the descent profile (Figure 7-15). An altitude capture mode (‘ALTS’ or ‘ALTV’) is armed as appropriate.
AFCS AUTOMATIC REVERSION TO PITCH HOLD MODE Several situations can occur while Vertical Path Tracking Mode is active which cause the flight director to revert to Pitch Hold Mode: • Vertical deviation exceeds 200 feet during an overspeed condition. • Vertical deviation experiences a discontinuity that both exceeds 200 feet in magnitude and results in the vertical deviation exceeding 200 feet in magnitude. Such discontinuities are usually caused by flight plan changes that affect the vertical profile.
AFCS VNV TARGET ALTITUDE CAPTURE MODE (ALTV) NOTE: Armed VNV Target Altitude and Selected Altitude capture modes are mutually exclusive. However, Selected Altitude Capture Mode is armed implicitly (not annunciated) whenever VNV Target Altitude Capture Mode is armed. VNV Target Altitude Capture is analogous to Selected Altitude Capture Mode and is armed automatically after the VNV Key is pressed and the next VNV Target Altitude is to be intercepted before the Selected Altitude.
AFCS GLIDEPATH MODE (GP) NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glidepath Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the glidepath upon release of the CWS Button. Glidepath Mode is used to track the WAAS-based glidepath. When Glidepath Mode is armed, ‘GP’ is annunciated in white in the AFCS Status Box. Selecting Glidepath Mode: 1) Ensure a GPS approach is loaded into the active flight plan.
AFCS GLIDESLOPE MODE (GS) NOTE: Pressing the CWS Button while Glideslope Mode is active does not cancel the mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the glideslope upon release of the CWS Button. Glideslope Mode is available for LOC/ILS approaches to capture and track the glideslope. When Glideslope Mode is armed (annunciated as ‘GS’ in white), LOC Approach Mode is armed as the lateral flight director mode. Selecting Glideslope Mode: 1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned.
AFCS TAKEOFF (TO) AND GO AROUND (GA) MODES Go Around and Takeoff modes are coupled pitch and roll modes and are annunciated as both the vertical and lateral modes when active. In these modes, the flight director commands a constant set pitch attitude and keeps the wings level. The GA Switch is used to select both modes. The mode entered by the flight director depends on whether the aircraft is on the ground. Takeoff Mode provides an attitude reference during rotation and takeoff.
AFCS 7.4 LATERAL MODES The following table relates each GFC 700 lateral mode to its respective control and annunciation. Refer to the vertical modes section for information regarding Go Around and Takeoff modes.
AFCS ROLL HOLD MODE (ROL) NOTE: If Roll Hold Mode is activated as a result of a mode reversion, the flight director rolls the wings level. When the flight director is activated or switched, Roll Hold Mode is selected by default. This mode is annunciated as ‘ROL’ in the AFCS Status Box. The current aircraft bank angle is held, subject to the bank angle condition.
AFCS HEADING SELECT MODE (HDG) Heading Select Mode is activated by pressing the HDG Key. Heading Select Mode acquires and maintains the Selected Heading. The Selected Heading is shown by a light blue bug on the HSI and in the box to the upper left of the HSI. CHANGING THE SELECTED HEADING NOTE: Pressing the HDG Knob synchronizes the Selected Heading to the current heading. The Selected Heading is adjusted using the HDG Knob on either PFD.
AFCS NAVIGATION MODE (GPS, VOR, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Navigation Mode. Pressing the NAV Key selects Navigation Mode. Navigation Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, LOC). The flight director follows GPS roll steering commands when GPS is the selected navigation source.
AFCS CHANGING THE SELECTED COURSE If the navigation source is VOR or localizer or OBS Mode has been enabled when using GPS, the Selected Course is controlled using the CRS Knob corresponding to the selected flight director (CRS1 for the pilot side, CRS2 for the copilot side). Pressing the CWS Button and hand-flying the aircraft does not change the Selected Course while in Navigation Mode. The autopilot guides the aircraft back to the Selected Course (or GPS flight plan) when the CWS Button is released.
AFCS APPROACH MODE (GPS, VAPP, LOC) NOTE: The selected navigation receiver must have a valid VOR or LOC signal or active GPS course for the flight director to enter Approach Mode. Approach Mode is activated when the APR Key is pressed. Approach Mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation source (GPS, VOR, or LOC), depending on loaded approach. This mode uses the selected navigation receiver deviation and desired course inputs to fly the approach.
AFCS LOC Approach Mode allows the autopilot to fly a LOC/ILS approach with a glideslope. When LOC Approach Mode is armed, Glideslope Mode is also armed automatically. LOC captures are inhibited if the difference between aircraft heading and localizer course exceeds 105°. Selecting LOC Approach Mode: 1) Ensure a valid localizer frequency is tuned. 2) Ensure that LOC is the selected navigation source (use the CDI Softkey to cycle through navigation sources if necessary). 3) Press the APR Key.
AFCS BACKCOURSE MODE (BC) NOTE: When making a backcourse approach, set the Selected Course to the localizer front course. Backcourse Mode captures and tracks a localizer signal in the backcourse direction. The mode may be selected by pressing the BC Key. Backcourse Mode is armed if the CDI is greater than one dot when the mode is selected. The flight director creates roll steering commands from the Selected Course and deviation when in Backcourse Mode.
AFCS 7.5 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION NOTE: Refer to the AFM for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures. The Cessna Citation Mustang’s autopilot and yaw damper operate the flight control surface servos to provide automatic flight control. The autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes following commands received from the flight director. Pitch autotrim provides trim commands to the pitch trim servo to relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch servo.
AFCS ENGAGEMENT NOTE: Autopilot engagement/disengagement is not equivalent to servo engagement/disengagement. Use the CWS Button to disengage the pitch and roll servos while the autopilot remains active. NOTE: The autopilot cannot be engaged if the yaw damper has failed. When the AP Key is pressed, the autopilot, yaw damper, and flight director (if not already active) are activated and the annunciator lights on the AFCS controller for the autopilot and yaw damper are illuminated.
AFCS DISENGAGEMENT The autopilot is manually disengaged by pushing the AP Key on the AFCS Control Unit, the GA Switch, or the MEPT ARM Switch. Manual autopilot disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘AP’ annunciation and a three-second autopilot disconnect aural alert. Figure 7-32 Manual Autopilot Disengagement Pushing the AP DISC Switch or YD Key disengages both the yaw damper and the autopilot.
AFCS 7.6 EXAMPLE FLIGHT PLAN NOTE: The diagrams in this section are for instructional purposes only and should not be used for navigation. Numbered portions of accompanying diagrams correspond to numbered procedure steps. This scenario-based set of procedures (based on the example flight plan found in the GPS Navigation Section) shows various GFC 700 AFCS modes used during a flight. In this scenario, the aircraft departs Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport (KMKC), enroute to Colorado Springs Airport (KCOS).
AFCS DEPARTURE Climbing to the Selected Altitude and flying an assigned heading: 1) Before takeoff: a) Use the ALT SEL Knob to set the Selected Altitude to 12,000 feet. b) Push the GA Switch to activate Takeoff Mode. The flight director Command Bars establish a pitch up attitude to follow. c) Press the AP Key to engage the autopilot in a climb, holding the pitch angle commanded in Takeoff Mode and wings level.
AFCS HD GM od e TO M ode 3 Selected Altitude of 12,000 MSL ALT Mode 4 KMKC 2 1 VS e Mod ode M TO Figure 7-36 Departure 190-00494-01 Rev.
AFCS INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL During climb-out, the autopilot continues to fly the aircraft in Heading Select Mode. Airway V4 to Salina VOR (SLN) should now be intercepted. Since the enroute flight plan waypoints correspond to VORs, flight director Navigation Mode using either VOR or GPS as the navigation source may be used. In this scenario, VOR Navigation Mode is used for navigation to the first VOR waypoint in the flight plan. Intercepting a VOR radial: 1) Arm VOR Navigation Mode: a) Tune the VOR frequency.
AFCS FLYING A FLIGHT PLAN/GPS COURSE NOTE: Changing the navigation source cancels Navigation Mode and causes the flight director to revert back to Roll Hold Mode (wings rolled level). As the aircraft closes on Salina VOR, GPS is used to navigate the next leg, airway V244. The aircraft is currently tracking inbound on Airway V4. Flying a GPS flight plan: 1) Enter Salina VOR (SLN) into the GPS flight plan.
AFCS DESCENT While flying the arrival procedure, the aircraft is cleared for descent in preparation for the approach to KCOS. Three methods are presented for descent: • Flight Level Change descent – Flight Level Change Mode can be used to descend to the Selected Altitude at a constant airspeed. This descent method does not account for flight plan waypoint altitude constraints.
AFCS Vertical Path Tracking descent to VNV Target Altitude: 1) Select VNV flight control: a) Press the VNV Key to arm Vertical Path Tracking Mode. The white annunciation ‘VPTH’ appears. b) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude at least 75 feet below the flight plan’s VNV Target Altitude of 10,000 feet.
AFCS Non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode: 1) Command a non-path descent using Flight Level Change Mode: a) Using the ALT SEL Knob, set the Selected Altitude below the current aircraft altitude to an altitude (in this case, 9,400 feet) at which to level off between VNV flight plan altitudes. b) Press the FLC Key before the planned TOD during an altitude hold while VPTH is armed. The Airspeed Reference defaults to the current aircraft airspeed.
AFCS VP TH M od e Planned TOD 2 BOD ALT Mode 1 FL C Selected Altitude of 9,400 MSL VNAV Target Altitude of 10,000 MSL Pla n ne M od e 3 dD esc en ALT Mode tP ath TOD 4 VP TH Mo d VNAV Target Altitude of 9,000 MSL e 5 BOD ALT Mode Selected Altitude 3 nm OPSHN HABUK Figure 7-41 Non-path Descent 190-00494-01 Rev.
AFCS APPROACH Flying an ILS approach: 1) Transition from GPS Navigation Mode to Heading Select Mode. a) Load the Runway 35L ILS approach for KCOS into the flight plan and select ‘VECTORS’ for the transition. b) Use the HDG Knob to set the Selected Heading after getting vectors from ATC. c) Press the HDG Key. The autopilot turns the aircraft to the desired heading. d) Use Heading Select Mode to comply with ATC vectors as requested. 2) Arm LOC Approach and Glideslope modes.
AFCS Flying a WAAS precision approach: 1) Arm flight director modes for a precision approach: a) Make sure the navigation source is set to GPS (use CDI Softkey to change navigation source). b) Load the Runway 35R LPV approach for KCOS into the flight plan. 2) Press the APR Key once clearance for approach has been acquired. GPS Approach Mode is activated and Glidepath Mode is armed. 3) Once the glidepath is captured, Glidepath Mode becomes active.
AFCS GO AROUND/MISSED APPROACH NOTE: As a result of calculations performed by the system while flying the holding pattern, the display may re-size automatically and the aircraft may not precisely track the holding pattern. Flying a missed approach: 1) Push the GA Switch at the Decision height and apply full power to execute a missed approach. The flight director Command Bars establish a nose-up climb to follow.
AFCS 4 MOGAL GPS NAV Mode 3 2 GA Mode KCOS 1 Figure 7-44 Go Around/Missed Approach 190-00494-01 Rev.
AFCS 7.7 AFCS ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS AFCS STATUS ALERTS The annunciations in Table 7-6 (listed in order of increasing priority) can appear on the PFDs above the Airspeed and Attitude indicators. Only one annunciation may occur at a time, and messages are prioritized by criticality.
AFCS OVERSPEED PROTECTION While Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, Vertical Path Tracking, or an altitude capture mode is active, airspeed is monitored by the flight director and pitch commands are limited for overspeed protection. Overspeed protection is provided in situations where the flight director cannot acquire and maintain the mode reference for the selected vertical mode without exceeding the certified maximum autopilot airspeed.
AFCS BLANK PAGE 7-50 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SECTION 8 ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: The availability of SafeTaxi, ChartView, or FliteCharts in electronic form does not preclude the requirement to carry paper charts aboard the aircraft. See AC 120-76A for more information.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Any map page that displays the navigation view can also show the SafeTaxi airport layout within the maximum configured range.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Configuring SafeTaxi range: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the ‘Map Setup’ Menu Option and press the ENT Key. Figure 8-2 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to ‘SAFETAXI’. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the range of distances.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SAFETAXI CYCLE NUMBER AND REVISION SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the G1000, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available. The Power-up Page shows the SafeTaxi database is current when the ‘SafeTaxi Expires’ date is shown in white. When the SafeTaxi cycle has expired, the ‘SafeTaxi Expires’ date appears in yellow.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The SafeTaxi Region, Version, Cycle, Effective date and Expires date of the database cycle can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. SafeTaxi information appears in blue and yellow text. The ‘EXPIRES’ date appears in blue when data is current and in yellow when expired (Figures 8-5 and 8-6). SafeTaxi ‘REGION NOT AVAILABLE’ appears in blue if SafeTaxi data is not available on the database card (Figure 8-6). Expired SafeTaxi data is never disabled.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The other two possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-6. The ‘EFFECTIVE’ date is the beginning date for this database cycle. ‘EXPIRES’ date is the revision date for the next database cycle. ‘NOT AVAILABLE’ indicates that SafeTaxi is not available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.2 CHARTVIEW ChartView resembles the paper version of Jeppesen terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed in full color with high-resolution. The MFD depiction shows the aircraft position on the moving map in the plan view of approach charts and on airport diagrams. The ChartView database subscription is available from Jeppesen, Inc.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. OR: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to ‘Show Chart’. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available from the Navigation Map Page by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. Figure 8-11 Waypoint Information Page OPTIONS Menu If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the flight plan, it appears on the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting a chart: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Flight Plan Page, or Nearest Airports Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. The airport diagram or approach chart will be displayed on the Airport Information Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select either the Airport Identifier Box or the Approach Box. 4) Turn the small and large FMS Knob to enter the desired airport identifier. 5) Press the ENT Key to complete the airport selection.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the CHRT Softkey switches between the ChartView diagram and the associated map in the WPT page group. In the example shown, the CHRT Softkey switches between the DeKalb Peachtree (KPDK) Airport Diagram and the navigation map on the WPT – Airport Information page. Select CHRT Softkey to Switch Between ChartView and WPT Airport Information Page Figure 8-13 CHRT Softkey, Airport Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey will have no effect. The aircraft position is shown in magenta on the ChartView diagrams when the location of the aircraft is within the chart boundaries. In the example shown, the aircraft is taxiing on Taxiway Alpha on the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) airport.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-14, the Class B Chart is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the Charlotte Class B Airspace Chart (Figure 8-15). Figure 8-15 Airport Information Page, Class B Chart Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-16 Departure Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Chart Not To Scale Zoom and Scroll Through the Chart With the Joystick Aircraft Not Shown Icon Figure 8-17 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-18 Approach Information Page 8-14 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver, when available. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the XM Weather subscription is current. WX Info When Available WX Softkey Selected Figure 8-19 Weather Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled. Recent NOTAMS applicable to the current ChartView cycle are included in the ChartView database. Selecting the NOTAM Softkey shows the local NOTAM information for selected airports, when available. When NOTAMS are not available, the NOTAM Softkey label appears subdued and is disabled as shown in Figure 8-19. The NOTAM Softkey may appear on the Airport Information Page and all of the chart page selections.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Local NOTAM on This Airport NOTAM Softkey Selected Figure 8-21 Airport Information Page, Local NOTAMs Selecting the NOTAM Softkey again removes the NOTAMS information. Selecting the GO BACK Softkey reverts to the previous page (Navigation Map Page, Nearest Pages, or Flight Plan Page). 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-7). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the entire approach chart on the screen. By selecting the ALL Softkey from another view, the approach chart is shown in its entirety. Entire Chart Shown Figure 8-22 Approach Information Page, ALL View 8-18 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the HEADER Softkey shows the header view (approach chart briefing strip) on the screen. Approach Chart Briefing Strip Figure 8-23 Approach Information Page, Header View Selecting the PLAN Softkey shows the approach chart two dimensional plan view. Approach Chart Plan View Figure 8-24 Approach Information Page, Plan View 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the PROFILE Softkey displays the approach chart descent profile strip. Approach Chart Descent Profile Strip Figure 8-25 Approach Information Page, Profile View, Full Screen Width Selecting the MINIMUMS Softkey displays the minimum descent altitude/visibility strip at the bottom of the approach chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If the chart scale has been adjusted to view a small area of the chart, selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey changes the chart size to fit the available screen width. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-27 Airport Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the FULL SCN Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the AIRPORT, INFO, or FREQUENCIES Box (INFO Box shown). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the INFO Box choices.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW ChartView can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the G1000 softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-30 Arrival Information Page, Day View Figure 8-31 Arrival Information Page, Night View 8-24 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHARTVIEW CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE ChartView database is revised every 14 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. ChartView is disabled 70 days after the expiration date and is no longer available for viewing upon reaching the disables date. When turning on the G1000, the Power-up Page indicates any of nine different possible criteria for ChartView availability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Examples of four possible Power-up Page conditions are shown in Figure 8-32. ‘ChartView Disables’ plus a date in white, indicates chart data is current. This indication for normal operation shows how long the charts may be viewed. ‘Chart data update available.’ in white, indicates the chart data cycle has expired within the past week and the next chart cycle is available. ‘Chart data is out of date!’ in yellow, indicates charts are still viewable, but approaching the disable date.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled. The ChartView time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The database ‘CYCLE’ number, ‘EXPIRES’, and ‘DISABLES’ dates of the ChartView subscription appear in either blue or yellow text. When the ChartView ‘EXPIRES’ date is reached, ChartView becomes inoperative 70 days later. This is shown as the ‘DISABLES’ date.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The other three possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-34. The ‘EXPIRES’ date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The ‘DISABLES’ date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable. ‘REGION’ and ‘CYCLE’ ‘NOT AVAILABLE’ in blue, indicate that no ChartView data is available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.3 FLITECHARTS FliteCharts resemble the paper version of National Aeronautical Charting Office (NACO) terminal procedures charts. The charts are displayed with high-resolution and in color for applicable charts. FliteCharts database subscription is available from Garmin. Available data includes: • Arrivals (STAR) • Approaches • Departure Procedures (DP) • Airport Diagrams FLITECHARTS SOFTKEYS FliteCharts functions are displayed on three levels of softkeys.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES TERMINAL PROCEDURES CHARTS Selecting Terminal Procedures Charts: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Nearest Airport Page, or Flight Plan Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. OR: 1) Press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the OPTIONS Menu to ‘Show Chart’. 3) Press the ENT Key to display the chart.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES When a chart is not available from the Navigation Map Page by selecting the SHW CHRT Softkey or selecting a Page Menu Option, charts may be obtained from the WPT Pages or Flight Plan Pages. Figure 8-39 Waypoint Information Page OPTIONS Menu If a chart is available for the destination airport, or the airport selected in the flight plan, it appears on the screen.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting a chart: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, Flight Plan Page, or Nearest Airports Page, select the SHW CHRT Softkey. The airport diagram or approach chart will be displayed on the Airport Information Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select either the Airport Identifier Box or the Approach Box. 4) Turn the small and large FMS Knob to enter the desired airport identifier. 5) Press the ENT Key to complete the airport selection.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the CHRT Softkey switches between the FliteCharts diagram and the associated map in the WPT page group. In the example shown, the CHRT Softkey switches between the Charlotte, NC (KCLT) Airport Diagram and the navigation map on the WPT – Airport Information page. Select CHRT Softkey to Switch Between FliteCharts and WPT Airport Information Page Figure 8-41 CHRT Softkey, Airport Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the INFO Softkey returns to the airport diagram when the view is on a different chart. If the displayed chart is the airport diagram, the INFO Softkey will have no effect. Another source for additional airport information is from the INFO Box above the chart (Figure 8-41) or to the right of the chart (Figure 8-42) for certain airports. This information source is not related to the INFO Softkey. When the INFO Box is selected using the FMS Knob, the G1000 softkeys are blank.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES In the example shown in Figure 8-42, ‘ALTERNATE MINIMUMS’ is selected. Pressing the ENT Key displays the IFR Alternate Minimums Chart (Figure 8-43). Figure 8-43 Airport Information Page, ALTERNATE MINIMUMS Selected from INFO View Selecting the DP Softkey displays the Departure Procedure Chart if available. Figure 8-44 Departure Information Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the STAR Softkey displays the Standard Terminal Arrival Chart if available. Figure 8-45 Arrival Information Page Selecting the APR Softkey displays the approach chart for the airport if available. Figure 8-46 Approach Information Page 8-36 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the WX Softkey shows the airport weather frequency information, when available, and includes weather data such as METAR and TAF from the XM Data Link Receiver. Weather information is available only when an XM Data Link Receiver is installed and the XM Weather subscription is current. Selecting Additional Information: 1) While viewing the Airport Taxi Diagram, select the WX Softkey to display the information windows (AIRPORT, INFO). 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CHART OPTIONS Selecting the CHRT OPT Softkey displays the next level of softkeys, the chart options level (Figure 8-35). Selecting the ALL Softkey shows the entire chart on the screen. Entire Chart Shown Figure 8-48 Airport Information Page, ALL View Selected 8-38 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FIT WIDTH Softkey fits the width of the chart in the display viewing area. In the example shown, the zoomed-in chart is replaced with the full width chart. Select FIT WDTH Softkey to Show Full Chart Width Figure 8-49 Approach Information Page, FIT WDTH Softkey Selected 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Selecting the FULL SCN Softkey alternates between removing and replacing the data window to the right. Select FULL SCN Softkey to Switch Between Full Screen Chart and Chart With Info Window Figure 8-50 Airport Information Page, Full Screen and Info Window Selecting the BACK Softkey, or waiting for 45 seconds reverts to the chart selection softkeys. 8-40 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES DAY/NIGHT VIEW FliteCharts can be displayed on a white or black background for day or night viewing. The Day View offers a better presentation in a bright environment. The Night View gives a better presentation for viewing in a dark environment. When the CHART SETUP Box is selected the G1000 softkeys are blank. Selecting Day, Night, or Automatic View: 1) While viewing a terminal chart press the MENU Key to display the Page Menu OPTIONS.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 8-52 Approach Information Page, Day View Figure 8-53 Approach Information Page, Night View 8-42 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES FLITECHARTS CYCLE NUMBER AND EXPIRATION DATE FliteCharts data is revised every 28 days. Charts are still viewable during a period that extends from the cycle expiration date to the disables date. FliteCharts is disabled 180 days after the expiration date and are no longer available for viewing upon reaching the disables date. When turning on the G1000, the Power-up Page indicates any of five different possible criteria for chart availability.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES Examples of four possible Power-up Page messages are shown in Figure 8-54. ‘FliteCharts Expires’ plus a date in white, indicates the chart database is current. ‘Chart data is out of date!’ in yellow, indicates charts are still viewable, but approaching the disable date. When the 180 day grace period has expired, ‘Chart data is disabled.’ in yellow indicates that the FliteCharts database has expired and is no longer viewable.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: A subdued softkey label indicates the function is disabled. FliteCharts time critical information can also be found on the AUX - System Status page. The FliteCharts database ‘REGION’, ‘CYCLE’ number, ‘EFFECTIVE’, ‘EXPIRES’, and ‘DISABLES’ dates of the subscription appear in either blue or yellow text. Dates shown in blue are current data. Dates shown in yellow indicate the data is not within the current subscription period.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES The other three possible AUX - System Status page conditions are shown in Figure 8-56. The ‘EXPIRES’ date, in yellow, is the revision date for the next database cycle. The ‘DISABLES’ date, in yellow, is the date that this database cycle is no longer viewable. ‘REGION’ and ‘CYCLE’ ‘NOT AVAILABLE’ in blue, indicate that FliteCharts database is not available on the database card or no database card is inserted.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.4 XM RADIO ENTERTAINMENT (OPTIONAL) NOTE: Refer to the Hazard Avoidance Section for information about XM Weather products. The optional XM Radio entertainment feature of the GDL 69A Data Link Receiver is available for the passengers’ enjoyment. The GDL 69A can receive XM Satellite Radio® entertainment services at any altitude throughout the Continental U.S.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: The LOCK Softkey on the XM Information Page (Auxiliary Page Group) is used to save GDL 69A activation data when the XM services are initially set up. It is not used during normal XM Radio operation, but there should be no adverse effects if inadvertently selected during flight. Refer to the GDL 69/69A XM Satellite Radio Activation Instructions (190-00355-04, Rev F or later) for further information.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES USING XM RADIO The XM Radio Page provides information and control of the audio entertainment features of the XM Satellite Radio. Selecting the XM Radio Page: 1) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the Auxiliary Page Group. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the displayed AUX - XM Information Page. 3) Select the RADIO Softkey to show the XM Radio Page where audio entertainment is controlled. Active Channels Channel List Categories Field Figure 8-58 XM Radio Page 190-00494-01 Rev.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES ACTIVE CHANNEL AND CHANNEL LIST The Active Channel Box on the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected channel that the XM Radio is using. The Channels List Box of the XM Radio Page shows a list of the available channels for the selected category. Channels can be stepped through one at a time or may be selected directly by channel number. Selecting a channel from the channel list: 1) While on the XM Radio Page, press the CHNL Softkey.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES CATEGORY The Category Box of the XM Radio Page displays the currently selected category of audio. Categories of channels such as jazz, rock, or news can be selected to list the available channels for a type of music or other contents. One of the optional categories is ‘PRESETS’ to view channels that have been programmed. Selecting a category: 1) Select the CATGRY Softkey on the XM Radio Page. 2) Select the CAT + and CAT - Softkeys to cycle through the categories.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES PRESETS Up to 15 channels from any category can be assigned a preset number. The preset channels are selected by selecting the PRESETS and MORE Softkeys. Then the preset channel can be selected directly and added to the channel list for the Presets category. Setting a preset channel number: 1) On the XM Radio Page, while listening to an Active Channel that is wanted for a preset, select the PRESETS Softkey to access the first five preset channels (PS1 - PS5).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.5 SCHEDULER The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., “Hot Section Inspection” or “Phase 1 Maintenance Check”) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MMM-YY) and press the ENT Key. b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8.6 ABNORMAL OPERATION GDL 69/69A DATA LINK RECEIVER TROUBLESHOOTING Some quick troubleshooting steps listed below can be performed to find the possible cause of a failure.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES If a failure still exists, the following messages may provide insight as to the possible problem: Message CHECK ANTENNA UPDATING NO SIGNAL LOADING OFF AIR --- Message Location XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Weather Datalink Page - center of page XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field XM Radio Page - active channel field Description Data Link Receiver antenna error; service requi
APPENDIX A ANNUNCIATIONS AND ALERTS CAS MESSAGES Inhibits Warning Caution Advisory Description ESI TOPI AIR LOPI ESDI EMER GND Messages X X X X AFT DOOR AFT JBOX CB L-R* AFT JBOX LMT L-R* ANTISKID FAIL BATTERY O’TEMP BATTERY O’TEMP BATT TEMP FAIL CABIN ALT CABIN ALT CABIN ALT CABIN DOOR CHECK DOORS DUCT O’HEAT L-R* ENG A/I COLD L-R* ENG A/I COLD L-R* ENG CTRL SYS L-R* ENGINE FAIL L-R* F/W SHUTOFF L-R* FLAPS FAIL FUEL BOOST L-R* FUEL FLTR BP L-R* FUEL LVL LO L-R* FUEL PRES LO L-R* GEN OFF L-R OIL P
APPENDIX A Name Inhibit EMER ESI TOPI AIR LOPI ESDI GND Emergency Bus Mode Inhibit Engine Start Inhibit Takeoff Operation Phase Inhibit In-Air Inhibit Landing Operation Phase Inhibit Engine Shutdown Inhibit On-Ground Inhibit Red annunciation window text signifies warnings; yellow, cautions; and white, annunciation advisories. See the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for recommended pilot actions. COMPARATOR ANNUNCIATIONS The Comparator monitors critical values generated by redundant sensors.
APPENDIX A REVERSIONARY SENSOR ANNUNCIATIONS Reversionary sensor selection is annunciated in the Reversionary Sensor Window, as shown in Figure A-2. These annunciations reflect reversionary sensors selected on one or both PFDs. Pressing the SENSOR Softkey gives access to ADC1, ADC2, AHRS1, and AHRS2 Softkeys. These softkeys allow manual switching of sensors. In the case of certain types of sensor failures, the G1000 may make some sensor selections automatically. The GPS sensor cannot be switched manually.
APPENDIX A NOTE: Upon power-up of the G1000 system, certain windows remain invalid as G1000 equipment begins to initialize. All windows should be operational within one minute of power-up. Should any window continue to remain flagged, the G1000 system should be serviced by a Garmin-authorized repair facility.
APPENDIX A System Annunciation Comment Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning. Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS. Indicates a configuration module failure. This annunciation will only be seen when the autopilot is engaged. The annunciation indicates an AHRS monitor has detected an abnormal flight parameter, possibly caused by strong turbulence. In this case, the situation should correct itself within a few seconds.
APPENDIX A System Annunciation Comment GPS information is either not present or is invalid for navigation use. Note that AHRS utilizes GPS inputs during normal operation. AHRS operation may be degraded if GPS signals are not present (see AFM). Other Various Red X Indications A red “X” through any other display field (such as engine instrumentation display) indicates that the field is not receiving valid data.
APPENDIX A MFD & PFD MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message SW MISMATCH – GDU software version mismatch. Xtalk is off. CAS INOP – No Dispatch. Software correction required. PFD1 COOLING – PFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD2 COOLING – PFD2 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. MFD1 COOLING – MFD1 has poor cooling. Reducing power usage. PFD1 KEYSTK – PFD1 [key name] Key is stuck. PFD2 KEYSTK – PFD2 [key name] Key is stuck. MFD1 KEYSTK – MFD [key name] Key is stuck.
APPENDIX A DATABASE MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain database error exists. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 terrain database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 obstacle database error exists. PFD2 DB ERR – PFD2 obstacle database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 airport terrain database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 airport terrain database error exists.
APPENDIX A GMA 1347D MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message GMA1 FAIL – GMA1 is inoperative. GMA2 FAIL – GMA2 is inoperative. GMA XTALK – GMA crosstalk error has occurred. GMA1 CONFIG – GMA1 config error. Config service req’d. GMA2 CONFIG – GMA2 config error. Config service req’d. MANIFEST – GMA1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GMA2 software mismatch, communication halted. GMA1 SERVICE – GMA1 needs service. Return unit for repair. GMA2 SERVICE – GMA2 needs service. Return unit for repair.
APPENDIX A GIA 63W MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message HW MISMATCH – GIA hardware mismatch. GIA1 communication halted. HW MISMATCH – GIA hardware mismatch. GIA2 communication halted. MANIFEST – GIA1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GIA2 software mismatch, communication halted. COM1 TEMP – COM1 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM2 TEMP – COM2 over temp. Reducing transmitter power. COM1 SERVICE – COM1 needs service. Return unit for repair. COM2 SERVICE – COM2 needs service.
APPENDIX A GIA 63W MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message GPS1 SERVICE – GPS1 needs service. Return unit for repair. GPS2 SERVICE – GPS2 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV1 SERVICE – NAV1 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV2 SERVICE – NAV2 needs service. Return unit for repair. NAV1 RMT XFR – NAV1 remote transfer key is stuck. NAV2 RMT XFR – NAV2 remote transfer key is stuck. G/S1 FAIL – G/S1 is inoperative. G/S2 FAIL – G/S2 is inoperative. G/S1 SERVICE – G/S1 needs service.
APPENDIX A GTX 33 & GTX 33D MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message MANIFEST – GTX2 software mismatch, communication halted. XPDR1 SRVC – XPDR1 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR2 SRVC – XPDR2 needs service. Return unit for repair. XPDR1 FAIL – XPDR1 is inoperative. XPDR2 FAIL – XPDR2 is inoperative. Comments The transponder has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced. The #1 transponder should be serviced when possible. The #2 transponder should be serviced when possible.
APPENDIX A GRS 77 MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message GEO LIMITS – AHRS1 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. GEO LIMITS – AHRS2 too far North/ South, no magnetic compass. MANIFEST – GRS1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GRS2 software mismatch, communication halted. Comments The aircraft is outside geographical limits for approved AHRS operation. Heading is flagged as invalid. The #1 AHRS has incorrect software installed. The G1000 system should be serviced.
APPENDIX A GDC 74B MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message ADC1 ALT EC – ADC1 altitude error correction is unavailable. ADC2 ALT EC – ADC2 altitude error correction is unavailable. ADC1 AS EC – ADC1 airspeed error correction is unavailable. ADC2 AS EC – ADC2 airspeed error correction is unavailable. MANIFEST – GDC1 software mismatch, communication halted. MANIFEST – GDC2 software mismatch, communication halted. Comments GDC1 or GDC2 is reporting that the altitude error correction is unavailable.
APPENDIX A MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGE ADVISORIES Message Comments FPL WPT LOCK – Flight plan waypoint Upon power-up, the G1000 system detects that a stored flight plan waypoint is is locked. locked. This occurs when an aviation database update eliminates an obsolete waypoint. The flight plan cannot find the specified waypoint and flags this message. This can also occur with user waypoints in a flight plan that is deleted.
APPENDIX A MISCELLANEOUS MESSAGE ADVISORIES (CONT.) Message PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: bad geometry. PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: invalid leg type. PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: past IAF. UNABLE V WPT – Can’t reach current vertical waypoint. VNV – Unavailable. Unsupported leg type in flight plan. VNV – Unavailable. Excessive crosstrack error. VNV – Unavailable. Excessive track angle error. VNV – Unavailable. Parallel course selected.
APPENDIX A AFCS ALERTS System Status Field Figure A-5 AFCS System Status Field The following alert annunciations appear in the AFCS System Status field on the PFD. Condition Pitch Failure Annunciation Description Pitch axis control failure. AP is inoperative. Roll Failure Roll axis control failure. AP is inoperative. MET Switch Stuck, or Pitch Trim Axis Control Failure System Failure If annunciated when AP is engaged, take control of the aircraft and disengage the autopilot.
APPENDIX A TAWS ALERTS Annunciations appear on the PFD and MFD. Pop-up alerts appear only on the MFD.
APPENDIX A TAWS SYSTEM STATUS ANNUNCIATIONS PFD/MFD TAWS Page Annunciation MFD Pop-Up Alert Aural Message TAWS System Test Fail None “TAWS System Failure” TAWS Alerting is disabled None None No GPS position or excessively degraded GPS signal None System Test in progress None “TAWS Not Available” “TAWS Available” will be heard when sufficient GPS signal is re-established.
APPENDIX A BLANK PAGE A-20 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
APPENDIX B SD CARD USE The G1000 System uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD cards are required for database storage as well as Jeppesen aviation and ChartView database updates. JEPPESEN DATABASES The Jeppesen aviation database is updated on a 28-day cycle. The ChartView database is updated on a 14day cycle. If the ChartView database is not updated within 70 days of the expiration date, ChartView will no longer function.
APPENDIX B 4) After the update completes, the PFD starts in normal mode. 5) Turn the G1000 System OFF and remove the SD card. 6) Repeat steps 1 through 4 for the other PFD and the MFD. The MFD and PFD databases are now updated. Remove the SD card when finished. 7) Verify that the correct update cycle is loaded during startup of the MFD.
APPENDIX B The obstacle database contains data for obstacles, such as towers, that pose a potential hazard to aircraft. Obstacles 200 feet and higher are included in the obstacle database. It is very important to note that not all obstacles are necessarily charted and therefore may not be contained in the obstacle database. This database is updated on a 56-day cycle. NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies.
APPENDIX B Figure B-4 Database Information on the Splash Screen 3) Acknowledge the Power-up Page agreement by pressing the ENT Key or the right most softkey. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the AUX Page group on the MFD. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the System Status Page. 6) Press the DBASE Softkey to place the cursor in the ‘DATABASE’ box. 7) Turn either FMS Knob to scroll through the database list and check that all databases are current and there are no errors. 8) Power down the G1000.
APPENDIX C GLOSSARY ACC ACT, ACTV ADC ADF ADI AF AFCS AFM AFMS AFRM AGL AHRS AIM AIRMET ALRT ALT ALT, ALTN AMPS ANNUNC ANT AP AP DISC APR APT ARINC ARSPC ARTCC ARV AS ASB ASOS ATC ATCRBS ATIS ATK AUTOSEQ AUX AWOS B ALT BARO BATT BC 190-00494-01 Rev.
APPENDIX C CVR CVRG CWS CYL Cockpit Voice Recorder coverage control wheel steering cylinder D ALT DB, DBASE dBZ DCLTR, DECLTR DEC FUEL deg DEIC, DEICE DEP Desired Track density altitude database decibels ‘Z’ (radar return) declutter decrease fuel degree de-icing departure The desired course between the active “from” and “to” waypoints.
APPENDIX C FMS FOB FPL fpm FREQ FRZ FSS ft Fuel Flow Fuel On Board G/S, GS GA gal, gl GBOX GDC GDL GDU GEA GEO GFC GIA GLS Flight Management System Fuel On Board flight plan feet per minute frequency freezing Flight Service Station foot/feet The fuel flow rate, expressed in units of fuel per hour. The total amount of usable fuel on board the aircraft.
APPENDIX C kHz km kt kilohertz kilometer knot L left, left runway LAT latitude LBL label lb pound LCD Liquid Crystal Display LCL local LED Light Emitting Diode Left Over Fuel On Board The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan or direct-to. Left Over Fuel Reserve The amount of flight time remaining, based on the amount of fuel on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan or directto, and a known consumption rate.
APPENDIX C PTK PTT PWR parallel track Push-to-Talk power QTY quantity R RAD RAIM right, right runway radial Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring random access memory reference remaining (fuel remaining above Reserve) required reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot) reverse, revision, revise Constant Radius Turn to Fix Radio Magnetic Indicator remote range runway roll read only memory revolutions per minute reset fuel reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot) right reversionary receive RAM REF REM RE
APPENDIX C TRUNC TTL TURN TX truncated total procedure turn transmit UNAVAIL USR UTC UTM/UPS unavailable user Coordinated Universal Time Universal Transverse Mercator / Universal Polar Stereographic Grid V, Vspeed velocity (airspeed) VA Heading Vector to Altitude VAPP VOR approach VAR variation VD Heading Vector to DME Distance Vdc volts, direct current VERT vertical Vertical Figure of Merit A measure of the uncertainty in the aircraft’s vertical position.
APPENDIX D FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS If a particular aspect of G1000 operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers. WHAT IS WAAS? The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal errors.
APPENDIX D For RAIM to work correctly, the GPS receiver must track at least five satellites. A minimum of six satellites is required to allow RAIM to eliminate a single corrupt satellite from the navigation solution. RAIM ensures that satellite geometry allows for a navigation solution calculation within a specified protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic and en route, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
APPENDIX D Normal (OBS not activated) • Automatic sequencing of waypoints OBS • Manual sequencing - ‘holds’ on selected waypoint • Manual course change on HSI not possible • Manually select course to waypoint from HSI • Always navigates ‘TO’ the active waypoint • Indicates ‘TO’ or ‘FROM’ waypoint • Must be in this mode for final approach course • Cannot be set for final approach course or published holding patterns When OBS mode is active, the G1000 allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a w
APPENDIX D WHEN DOES THE CDI SCALE CHANGE? When set to ‘Auto’ (default), the GPS CDI scale automatically adjusts to the desired limits based upon the current phase of flight. CDI scaling changes in the following circumstances: • Once a departure procedure is activated, the CDI is scaled for departure (0.3 nm).
APPENDIX D After flying the missed approach procedure, the pilot may reactivate the same approach for another attempt by pressing the PROC Key. Once the clearance is given for another attempt, activate the approach by highlighting ‘ACTIVATE APPROACH’ using the large FMS Knob and pressing the ENT Key. The G1000 provides navigation along the desired course to the waypoint and rejoins the approach in sequence from that point.
APPENDIX D BLANK PAGE D-6 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
APPENDIX E GENERAL TIS INFORMATION INTRODUCTION NOTE: Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to TIS. The Traffic Information Service (TIS) provides traffic advisory information to non-TAS/TCAS-equipped aircraft. TIS is a ground-based service providing the relative locations of all ATCRBS Mode-A and Mode-C transponder equipped aircraft within a specified service volume. The TIS ground sensor uses real-time track reports to generate traffic notification.
APPENDIX E WARNING: Garmin is not responsible for Mode S geographical coverage. Operation of the ground stations is the responsibility of the FAA. Refer to the AIM for a Terminal Mode S radar site map. NOTE: TIS is unavailable at low altitudes in many areas of the United States. This is often the case in mountainous regions. TIS information is collected during a single radar sweep. Collected information is then sent through the Mode S uplink on the next radar sweep.
APPENDIX F DISPLAY SYMBOLS AIRPORT BASEMAP Item Symbol Item Symbol Item Symbol Interstate Highway Unknown Airport State Highway Non-towered, Non-serviced Airport US Highway Towered, Non-serviced Airport National Highway Non-towered, Serviced Airport Small City or Town Towered, Serviced Airport Medium City Restricted (Private) Airport Large City Heliport TRAFFIC NAVAIDS Item Symbol Intersection Non-Threat Traffic (hollow diamond) LOM (compass locator at outer marker) NDB (Non-directi
APPENDIX F LINE SYMBOLS Item Symbol ICAO Control Area Class B Airspace Mode C Tower Area Warning Area Alert Area Caution Area Danger Area Prohibited Area Restricted Area Training Area Unknown Area Class C Terminal Radar Service Area Mode C Area Military Operations Area (MOA) State or Province Border International Border Road Railroad Lattitude/Longitude OBSTACLE DATABASE Obstacle Symbol Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle < 1000 ft AGL > 1000 ft AGL < 1000 ft AGL > 1000 ft AGL Obstacle Color Obstacle
APPENDIX F TERRAIN COLOR CHART Potential Impact Point Projected Flight Path 100' Threshold Unlighted Obstacle 1000' Terrain Color Red (WARNING) Yellow (CAUTION) Black (NO DANGER) Terrain Location Terrain above or within 100 ft below aircraft altitude Terrain between 100 ft and 1000 ft of aircraft altitude Terrain more than 1000 ft below aircraft altitude Potential Impact Points Figure F-2 TAWS Symbols & Colors MISCELLANEOUS Item Symbol Item ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency User Waypoint Default
APPENDIX F BLANK PAGE F-4 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Cessna Citation Mustang 190-00494-01 Rev.
INDEX A Activate a Flight Plan-------------------------------------5-69 Active Channel --------------------------------------------8-50 Active frequency ------------------------------------ 4-6, 4-16 ADF -------------------------------------------------------4-25 ADF ADF mode --------------------------------------- 4-25, 4-27 ANT mode -----------------------------------------------4-27 Volume---------------------------------------------------4-25 ADF/BFO ---------------------------------------------------4-
INDEX Chart not available --------------------------------- 8-8, 8-30 Chart options -------------------------------------- 8-18, 8-38 CHART SETUP Box -------------------------------- 8-23, 8-41 Clearance Recorder ---------------------------------------4-39 Closest Point -----------------------------------------------5-82 CLR Key -----------------------------------------------------4-35 Code selection softkeys -------------------------- 4-29, 4-33 CODE Softkey ----------------------------------------------4-
INDEX FMS Knob --------------------------------------------------4-35 FPA -------------------------------------------------5-84, 5-123 Frequency Nearest --------------------------------------------------5-45 Frequency spacing ----------------------------------------4-14 Frequency transfer arrow --------------------------------- 4-7 Frequently asked questions------------------------------- D-1 Fuel ---------------------------------------------------------- 3-5 Effiency ----------------------------------------
INDEX MISCOMP --------------------------------------------------- A-2 Missed Approach5-54, 5-96, 5-97, 5-105, 5-108, 5-132, 5133 Missed approach ------------------------------------------7-46 Mistrim ---------------------------------------------------- A-17 MKR/MUTE ------------------------------------------------4-24 Mode S -------------------------------------- 1-22, 4-29, 4-31 Mode selection softkeys -----------4-29, 4-30, 4-31, 4-33 Morse code identifier-------------------------------------4-18 MSTR Knob
INDEX Sector scan -------------------------------------------------6-45 Secure Digital (SD) card ----------------------------------- B-1 Selected Altitude2-2, 2-8, 7-9, 7-10, 7-12, 7-13, 7-16, 720 Selected Altitude Capture Mode7-9, 7-10, 7-11, 7-12, 7-16, 7-23 Selected Course --------------- 2-3, 2-11, 7-28, 7-30, 7-31 Selected Heading ---------------------- 2-3, 2-11, 7-2, 7-26 Selecting a COM radio ------------------------------------ 4-6 Sensor ------------------------------------------------- A-2, A-3 S
INDEX VFR code ---------------------------------------------------4-34 VNAV -------------------------------------------------------5-53 VNAV Target Altitude ----------------------------- 7-16–7-19 VNAV Target Altitude Capture Mode ------------------7-20 VNV ------------------------------------------5-123, A-16, C-6 VNV guidance Disabling ------------------------------------------------5-83 Enabling -------------------------------------------------5-83 VNV indications, PFD -----------------------------------
