G1000 TM pilot’s training guide instructor’s reference
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide – Instructor’s Reference 190-00368-04 Rev.
COPYRIGHT © 2004, 2005 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503.391.3411 Fax 503.364.2138 Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9DL, U.K. Tel: 44/1794.519944 Fax: 44/1794.519222 Garmin Corporation, No.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright ......................................................................................................................................................................................................i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................... ii Introduction .....................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS Ground Lesson 9....................................................................................................................................................................................18 Weather, Terrain and Traffic Awareness Exercise 9.1: Weather, Terrain and TIS Operation 18 Ground Lesson 10 .................................................................................................................................................................................
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INTRODUCTION G1000 Integrated Cockpit System The G1000™ is a completely integrated avionics system designed to fit a broad range of aircraft models. It is an all-glass flight deck that presents flight instrumentation, location, navigation, communication and identification data on large-format, high-resolution displays. The digital data presentation on the G1000 puts all flight-critical information literally at the pilot’s fingertips.
INTRODUCTION This page intentionally left blank 2 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide – Instructor’s Reference 190-00368-04 Rev.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION AND G1000 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to do the following: • • Describe the basic components of the G1000 Integrated Avionics System Describe the communication between G1000 components Resources • • • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and supplements Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and supplements Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Exercise 1.
GROUND LESSONS Exercise 1.2: Component Review 1. Define the following equipment abbreviations and acronyms: • AHRS = Attitude and Heading Reference System: solid-state electrical gyro system • ADC = Air Data Computer: calculates and digitizes pitot, static and temperature inputs • TIS = Traffic Information Service: FAA Mode S carried traffic awareness • Terrain = Non-certified terrain avoidance situational awareness tool 2.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 2 TRANSITION TO THE PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to read, understand and interpret the primary six (6) instruments that are displayed on the PFD and that indicate airspeed, attitude, altitude, vertical speed, turn rate/coordination and heading. Resources • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster Exercise 2.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 3 POWER-UP, SELF-TEST, CHECKLIST Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to correctly identify proper alignment of the AHRS/ADC, complete a system self-test and verify the database data. Resources • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 3.1: System Initialization 1.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 4 TRANSPONDER OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be familiar and comfortable with the operation of the integrated transponder controls located on the PFD of the G1000 system. This includes the selection of the transponder operating mode, squawk code entry and IDENT activation. Resources • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 4.1: Operating Modes and Code Entry 1.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 5 COM RADIO AND AUDIO PANEL OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be comfortable tuning and selecting communication frequencies using the manual and database tuning features of the G1000 system, while properly configuring the selections on the GMA 1347 audio panel. Resources • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 5.1: COM Operation and Methods of Frequency Tuning 1.
GROUND LESSONS Exercise 5.2: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, power up the system. 1. Verify the Jeppesen database effective dates and note those dates in the space provided below. 2. Enter the transponder code “3470” and set the transponder to “ALT” mode. 3. In COM 1, enter 124.30 MHz as the active frequency and 133.00 MHz as the standby frequency. 4. In COM 2, enter 135.325 MHz as the active frequency and 118.90 MHz as the standby frequency. Exercise 5.3: Audio Panel Operation 1.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 6 NAVIGATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to navigate using ground-based Navaids and GPS, while manually tuning VOR/LOC/ILS frequencies and creating direct-to and flight-plan-based GPS navigation. Resources • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 6.1: Land-based Navigational Aids 1. Is the process to manually tune in the NAV frequency the same as it is to manually tune in a COM frequency? Yes. 2.
GROUND LESSONS Exercise 6.3: GPS Navigation 1. Can a direct-to navigation/flight plan be created using the GPS on both the PFD and the MFD or must one or the other be used – and if so, which one? Either one can be used; the data automatically cross-fills. 2. Describe the process for canceling a direct-to GPS navigation. Press the Direct-to key, then the Menu key. This brings up the option “Cancel Direct-to Nav”. Press the ENT key. 3. Describe the process for entering a flight plan.
GROUND LESSONS Exercise 6.5: Instrument Approaches 1. When first selecting an approach, what is the default option that appears when the PROC key is selected? “Select Approach” 2.
GROUND LESSONS Exercise 6.6: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, power up the system. 1. Verify the Jeppesen database effective dates and note those dates in the space provided below. 2. Enter the transponder code “5455” and set the transponder to “ALT” mode. 3. In COM 1, enter the ATIS frequency for KAPA as the active frequency and the ground control frequency as the standby frequency. 4.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 7 MULTI FUNCTION DISPLAY (MFD) OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to locate, use and configure data on the MFD during flight operations. Resources • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 7.1: MFD Configuration and Controls 1. Which main type of data is presented on the default MFD display? Map data. 2.
GROUND LESSONS 10. A pilot is on a flight from KAPA (Centennial Airport, Denver, CO) to KGJT (Grand Junction Airport, Grand Junction, CO) over the mountains. Weather is predicted to be MVFR with scattered rain over the entire route of flight. How would one configure the MFD to give the best presentation of data for this flight? Assume that a GDL-69 weather datalink is installed in the aircraft.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 8 PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to configure and interpret data presented on the PFD during all phases of flight operations. Resources • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 8.1: PFD Configuration and Controls 1. Where is the control for cycling between the GPS, VOR1, VOR2, LOC1, and LOC2 CDI selections that appear on the HSI? On the PFD, as the CDI softkey. 2.
GROUND LESSONS 11. A pilot is flying through the Rocky Mountains and decide to land at KASE in Aspen, CO. The RNAV (GPS) 15 approach via radar vectors is assigned. It is daytime, although visibility is limited to a few miles with cloud tops at 10,000 feet MSL. What options should be selected to display on the PFD map inset? Going into Aspen, one should focus on the approach as well as on the other key item – terrain.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 9 WEATHER, TERRAIN AND TRAFFIC AWARENESS Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to accurately interpret terrain awareness and Traffic Information Service (TIS) data while both incorporating this information into the aeronautical decision making process and understanding the limitations of these systems. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide Exercise 9.1: Weather, Terrain and TIS Operation 1.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 10 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to navigate using ground-based Navaids and GPS while manually tuning VOR/LOC/ILS frequencies and creating direct-to and flight-plan-based GPS navigation. Resources • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 Cockpit Poster G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 10.1: Emergencies and Failure Modes 1.
GROUND LESSONS 6b. What are the next actions that should be taken concerning the completion of the flight? Note that, depending on the circumstances, the following action items may occur in a different order. 1. Activate the autopilot if it is not already activated; set it to Roll and Pitch mode. 2. Notify ARTCC both of the failure and of the need to deviate. Do not hesitate to ask for no-gyro turns if the aircraft must be hand-flown. 3.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 11 DATA WEATHER LINK Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to understand and interpret weather information displayed in the cockpit. The pilot will be able to use this information as supporting information to enhance the decision making process before and during the flight. Resources • • • • G1000 Pilot’s Guide G1000 PC-based Simulator www.xmradio.com www.wxworx.com Exercise 11.1: Weather and Digital Audio Entertainment 1.
GROUND LESSONS 3. List the weather products and corresponding update rates that are available through XM Weather. NEXRAD 5 min. Cloud Tops 15 min. Cell Movement 12 min. County Warnings 5 min. METARs 12 min. AIRMETs 12 min. TAFs 12 min. SIGMETs 12 min. Lightning 5 min. Echo Tops 7.5 min. TFRs 12 min. Winds Aloft 12 min. Surface Analysis 12 min. 4. Reported/forecast products use a date/time stamp.
GROUND LESSONS Ground Lesson 12 GFC 700 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS) Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to understand the operation of the Garmin Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and use the Autopilot throughout various phases of flight. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide Exercise 12.1: Flight Director and Autopilot Operation 1. List all parts (LRUs) associated with the GFC 700.
GROUND LESSONS 9. An aircraft has just departed from an airport and is performing a runway heading climbout. Following the departure procedure, the plane climbs to 4000 feet, then turns to a heading of 270 degrees. The final cruising altitude is 9000 feet. How would the pilot configure the Autopilot to follow all of the departure procedure up to the final cruising altitude? Upon takeoff, set the Selected Altitude to 9,000 feet using the ALT knob on the PFD.
PROCEDURES Procedure 1 GPS APPROACH NO PROCEDURE TURN An approach where there is typically no procedure turn required to get established on the inbound course to the FAF is the first example. We use GPS RWY 12 at KPRC to show how the G1000 sequences through an approach and what type of annunciation and range factor changes can be expected. This example is based upon and active flight plan from KFLG (Flagstaff, AZ Pulliam Airport) to KPRC (Prescott, AZ Love Airport). See figure 1. 1.
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 1 Approach with No Procedure Turn 26 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide – Instructor’s Reference 190-00368-04 Rev.
PROCEDURES Procedure 2 FLYING THE MISSED APPROACH As the MAP is passed, if the runway is not in view, a missed approach must be performed. The G1000 continues to give guidance along an extension of the final course segment (FAF to MAP) until manual initiation of the missed approach procedure. 1. As the plane crosses the MAP, the waypoint message ‘ARRIVING AT WAYPOINT’ is displayed in the navigation status bar on the PFD.
PROCEDURES Procedure 3 FLYING THE PROCEDURE TURN The procedure turn portion of the approach is stored as one of the legs of the approach. For this reason the G1000 requires no special operations from the pilot (other than flying the procedure turn itself) beyond what is required for any other type of approach. This example is based upon a flight from KILG (Wilmington, DE New Castle County) to KMIV (Millville, NJ Municipal). The approach into KMIV will be NDB or GPS RWY 14 with the RNB transition.
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 2 Flying the Procedure Turn 190-00368-04 Rev.
PROCEDURES Procedure 4 FLYING THE DME ARC The GPS overlay for a DME arc approach uses additional Jeppesen provided waypoints to define the arc. When cleared for a DME arc approach, do either of the following to intercept the arc: • • Follow a specified radial inbound to intercept the IAF. Follow ATC vectors, which allow interception of the arc at any point along the arc. This example is based upon a flight from KSAF (Santa Fe, NM Municipal) to KFMN (Farmington, NM Four Corners Regional).
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 3 Flying the DME Arc and Vectors to the DME Arc 190-00368-04 Rev.
PROCEDURES Procedure 5 VECTORS TO THE DME ARC This example is en route from KSAF to KFMN on a heading of 294°, 25 miles out and ATC gives vectors to intercept the arc outbound from HIDOX. See figure 3 1. If the approach has not already been activated, be sure to do so when cleared for the approach. 2. ATC instructs to turn left to a heading of 270° to intercept the arc. 3. Prior to intercepting the arc the leg must be activated since the arc was not intercepted at the IAF. 4.
PROCEDURES Procedure 6 FLYING AN APPROACH WITH A HOLD This example is based upon a missed approach from KSOP (Moore County, NC). Now the pilot has decided to divert to KIGX (Chapel Hill, NC) instead. The RNAV (GPS) RWY 9 approach into KIGX is selected. The RNAV (GPS) RWY 9 approach begins with a holding pattern at the IAF, FIKKA. See figure 4. 1. Press the Direct-to key. 2. Turn the small and large FMS knobs to enter the destination airports identifier (KIGX). 3. Press the ENT key twice.
PROCEDURES 16. As the plane crosses the MAP, ‘SUSP’ is displayed in the HSI and directly above the SUSP softkey, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints is suspended at the MAP. A ‘FROM’ indication is displayed on the CDI, but course guidance along the final approach course continues. Do NOT follow this extended course. If a missed approach is required, follow the missed approach procedures as published on the approach plate.
PROCEDURES Procedure 7 FLYING A COURSE FROM FIX TO DISTANCE, OR COURSE FROM FIX TO DME DISTANCE Certain approach, departure and arrival procedures in the Jeppesen database contain course from fix flight plan legs. The G1000 is able to load these legs into the flight plan along with the rest of the procedure data, and to provide navigation along these legs.
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 5 Course from Fix to Distance or Course from Fix to DME Distance 36 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide – Instructor’s Reference 190-00368-04 Rev.
PROCEDURES Procedure 8 FLYING A COURSE FROM FIX TO ALTITUDE ‘Course from fix to altitude’ legs shows the specific target altitude on the active flight plan. This example is based upon a flight from KSMO (Santa Monica Municipal) to KPMD (Palmdale, CA) with VOR/DME RWY 25 approach selected, which includes a course from fix to altitude leg. In this instance, the leg corresponds to the initial phase of the missed approach, which reads “Climb to 5000 outbound via PMD VOR R-282”. See figure 5. 1.
PROCEDURES Procedure 9 FLYING A COURSE FROM FIX TO MANUAL SEQUENCE ‘Course from fix to manual sequence’ legs are displayed on the Active Flight Plan Page and the Navigation Map Page with “man seq” in place of a waypoint identifier. An example of this type of course leg appears in the COASTAL TWO DEPARTURE from Westfield, Massachusetts (Barnes Municipal).
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 6 Flying a Course from Fix to Manual Sequence 190-00368-04 Rev.
PROCEDURES Procedure 10 FLYING THE ILS APPROACH NOTE: When an ILS approach is loaded, the ILS frequency is automatically placed in the NAV Frequency window. Refer to the NAV/COM Pilot’s Guide for details. Precision approaches can be performed with the built in Nav (VOR/localizer/glideslope) receivers. Prior to reaching the FAF the CDI should be set to NAV1 or NAV2. The G1000 automatically switches the external CDI output from GPS to NAV1 or NAV2 as the final approach course is intercepted.
PROCEDURES 13. As the plane crosses the FAF, the destination sequences to the RW09map (RW09, the runway threshold). Keeping the CDI needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. 14. As the plane approaches the MAP, the waypoint message ‘ARRIVING AT WAYPOINT’ is displayed. Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. 15.
PROCEDURES Procedure 11 FLYING THE VECTORS APPROACH In some cases ATC tells one to expect vectors onto the final approach course instead of flying the full approach. The two options below can be used to select “vectors to final”: • • When the approach is first selected choose ‘VECTORS’ from the transitions window. Load a full approach including the IAF from the transition window. When cleared, press the PROC key and select ‘ACTIVATE VECTORS TO FINAL’.
Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. PROCEDURES Figure 8 Flying the Vectors Approach 190-00368-04 Rev.
APPENDIX THE G1000 INTEGRATED AVIONICS SYSTEM AND CONSIDERATIONS OF ITS USE TO ENHANCE THE AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING (ADM) PROCESS AND SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (SRM). The Garmin G1000 Integrated Avionics System has brought a number of improvements in cockpit technology to the General Aviation (GA) aircraft. These improvements range from longer life and greater reliability of the primary instruments to a simplified pilot interface.
APPENDIX While managing frequencies for ground-based Navaids is important, proper use of the GPS flight plan function can also prove beneficial. Rather than performing continuous direct-to navigation with the GPS, taking the time on the ground to enter a full flight plan allows the G1000 to enhance the navigation experience.
APPENDIX Traffic Collision and Avoidance Systems (TCAS) represent another technological advance that has been made in the area of traffic avoidance. Originally developed for large commercial aircraft, TCAS technology is now starting to trickle down features and capabilities to the GA fleet. For example, the GTX 33 Mode-S transponder can be used as an optional component in G1000equipped aircraft and brings Traffic Information Service (TIS) data directly to the cockpit.
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