G1000 Integrated Flight Deck Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev.
Copyright © 2006 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/391.3411 Fax: 503/364.2138 Garmin (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9DL, U.K Tel: 44/0870.8501241 Fax: 44/0870.8501251 Garmin Corporation, No.
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1 G1000 Integrated Flight Deck ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose.........................................................................................................................................................................
Ground Lesson 11....................................................................................................................37 TRAFFIC OPERATION ...................................................................................................................................... 37 Exercise 11.1: Traffic Information Service ................................................................................................................... 37 Ground Lesson 12..........................................
INTRODUCTION G1000 Integrated Flight Deck The G1000 is a completely integrated avionics system, designed to fit a broad range of aircraft models. It is an all-glass fight deck that presents flight instrumentation, location, navigation, communication, and identification data on large-format, high-resolution displays. The digital data presentation on the G1000 puts all flight-critical information literally at the pilot’s fingertips.
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Ground Lesson 1 INTRODUCTION AND G1000 SYSTEM OVERVIEW Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to do the following: • Describe the basic components of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck • Describe the communication between G1000 components Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and supplements • Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and supplements • Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) • Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Exercise 1.
• APV Approach with vertical guidance is an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) term referring to specific ICAO criteria adopted in May 2000. This approach classification allows stabilized descent using vertical guidance without the accuracy required for traditional precision approach procedures. The US has developed criteria for lateral/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV) and LPV approach procedures that meet this approach classification.
5. When filling a flight plan, what suffix is used for a current Global Positioning System (GPS) database with WAAS? “/G” is the suffix used for GPS flight plans. 6. What are the position accuracy improvements with the WAAS? TSO-C129a systems: • Horizontal position accuracy ≈ 50 feet (15m) • Vertical position accuracy ≈ 74 feet (23m) • GPS position update rate = 1 Hz TSO-C146a systems: • Horizontal position accuracy < 10 feet (3m) • Vertical position accuracy < 15 feet (4.
Exercise 1.2: Component Review 1. Define the following equipment abbreviations and acronyms: • AHRS An Attitude and Heading Reference System is a solid-state electrical gyro system. • ADC An Air Data Computer calculates and digitizes pitot, static, and temperature inputs. • TIS The Traffic Information Service is Mode S-carried traffic awareness FAA service.
• GMA 1347 The Audio Panel integrates navigation/communication radio (NAV/COM) digital audio, intercom, and marker beacon controls, and is installed between the displays. This unit also provides manual control of display reversionary. • GDL 69/69A The Datalink Satellite Radio Receiver provides real-time weather information to the G1000 MFD and PFD Inset Map, as well as digital audio entertainment (GDL 69A only).
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Ground Lesson 2 TRANSITION TO THE PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to read, understand, and interpret the six primary flight instruments displayed on the PFD that indicate airspeed, attitude, altitude, vertical speed, turn rate/coordination, and heading. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster Exercise 2.1: Instrumentation Layout In the space provided below, sketch the six primary flight instruments as displayed.
Exercise 2.2: Instrumentation Depiction Assume that the aircraft is flying with the following indications and fill in the appropriate fields on the sketch with this data. Note that some data is not displayed for certain G1000 installations. • Airspeed = 140 KIAS • True Airspeed = 154 KTAS • Altitude = 6760 ft • Vertical Speed = 0 fpm • Heading = 95° • Barometric Altimeter Setting = 30.02 in Hg • Outside Air Temperature = 4°C 10 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev.
Ground Lesson 3 POWER-UP, SELF-TEST, CHECKLIST Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to correctly identify proper alignment of the AHRS/ADC, complete a system self-test, and verify the database data. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 3.1: System Initialization 1.
9. A pilot is planning a fight to KAPA (Centennial Airport, Denver, CO) from KCOU (Columbia, MO). When arriving at the aircraft, the pilot notices that the Jeppesen database is out of date by 3 cycles (84 days). • Can the pilot make the flight under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)? Yes, but one cannot file “/G” on the flight plan form, and the VOR/LOC/GS receivers must be used for navigation.
Ground Lesson 4 TRANSPONDER OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be familiar and comfortable with the operation of the integrated transponder controls located on the PFD of the G1000 System. This includes the selection of the transponder operating mode, squawk code entry, and IDENT activation. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 4.1: Operating Modes and Code Entry 1.
Exercise 4.2: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, review the start-up process and verify the Jeppesen database effective dates. Also, practice entering various transponder codes and changing the operating mode using the PFD softkeys. 14 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev.
Ground Lesson 5 COM RADIO AND AUDIO PANEL OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be comfortable manually and automatically tuning and selecting communication frequencies, while properly configuring the selections on the GMA 1347 Audio Panel. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 5.1: COM Operation and Methods of Frequency Tuning 1.
Exercise 5.2: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, power up the system. 1. Verify the Jeppesen database effective dates and note those dates in the space provided below. 2. Enter the transponder code “3470” and set the transponder to ‘ALT’ mode. 3. In COM1, enter 124.30 MHz as the active frequency and 133.00 MHz as the standby frequency. 4. In COM2, enter 135.325 MHz as the active frequency and 118.90 MHz as the standby frequency.
Exercise 5.3: Audio Panel Operation 1. Which key should be pressed on the Audio Panel (GMA 1347) to monitor a COM radio frequency without transmitting? Press the COM Key for the selected radio (COM1 or COM2) to monitor the desired communication radio. 2. If available, describe how the split COM feature works and provide a sample scenario of its use. Split COM allows the pilot to use COM1 while the copilot uses COM2. This proves very helpful for talking to an FSS enroute without leaving the ARTCC frequency.
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Ground Lesson 6 NAVIGATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to navigate using ground-based NAVAIDs and GPS while manually tuning VOR/LOC/ILS frequencies and creating GPS direct-tos and flight plans. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 6.1: Land-based Navigational Aids 1.
7. With the NAV radio receiving the tuned VOR station, the corresponding Bearing Information Window displays the distance to bearing. What source provides the distance information? The GPS-derived great circle distance is displayed (note that this is not a DME distance). 8. How and where can the pilot select the DME information displayed on the PFD? 1. 2. 20 Press the PFD Softkey on the PFD. Press the DME Softkey. The DME Information Window will be displayed next to the HSI.
Exercise 6.2: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, power up the system and configure the G1000 as needed for the following IFR clearance out of KAPA (Centennial Airport, Denver, CO): “N12345 is cleared to the Goodland, KS, airport, via the Thurman VOR, Byers VOR, then direct. Climb and maintain eight thousand, expect one-two thousand in ten minutes. Departure frequency is 126.75, squawk 3470.
Exercise 6.3: GPS Navigation 1. Can a direct-to/flight plan be created using GPS on both the PFD and the MFD or must one or the other be used (if so, which one)? Either display can be used for creating a GPS direct-to or flight plan; the data automatically cross-fills to the other display. 2. Describe the process for canceling a direct-to. 1. 2. 3. 4. Press the Direct-to Key. Press the MENU Key. Use the FMS Knob to highlight the option “Cancel Direct-to Nav”. Press the ENT Key. 3.
Exercise 6.4: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC based Simulator, power up the system. 1. Verify the Jeppesen database effective dates and note those dates in the space provided below. 2. Enter the transponder code “1252” and set the transponder to ‘ALT’ mode. 3. In COM1, enter the ATIS frequency for KAPA as the active frequency and the ground control frequency as the standby frequency. 4.
Exercise 6.5: Instrument Approaches 1. When first selecting an approach, what is the default option that appears when the PROC Key is pressed? “Select Approach” is the first option displayed when the PROC Key is pressed. 2.
9. What key must be pressed to add a departure procedure (DP or SID) and/or arrival procedure (AP or STAR) to a flight plan? Pressing the PROC Key gives access to a list of options that includes adding a departure or arrival procedure. Note that softkeys on the Flight Plan Page also allow addition of a departure or an arrival procedure. 10.
Exercise 6.6: Practice (Optional) Using the G1000 PC-based Simulator, power up the system. 1. Verify the Jeppesen database effective dates and note those dates in the space provided below. 2. Enter the transponder code “5455” and set the transponder to ‘ALT’ mode. 3. In COM1, enter the ATIS frequency for KAPA as the active frequency and the ground control frequency as the standby frequency. 4.
Exercise 6.7: Vertical Navigation (VNAV) 1. Where does one go to program a VNAV flight plan on the G1000? In the flight plan, assign VNAV target altitudes to programmed waypoints for enroute and descent phases of flight. Altitudes may also be loaded from the database. The G1000 calculates Top Of Decent (TOD) and Bottom Of Decent (BOD) based on ground speed. 2. Are any VNAV messages provided to the pilot? TOD and BOD message are displayed in the PFD Navigation Data Box. 3.
Exercise 6.8: Charts 1. How does one view the Safe-Taxi diagram on the MFD as well as on the PFD? The Safe-Taxi diagram can be viewed by enabling it in the Navigation Map Setup: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. On the MFD, press and hold down the CLR Key. This returns the MFD to the default MAP – Navigation Map Page. Press the MENU Key. Select the “Map Setup” option and press the ENT Key. Use the small FMS Knob to select the “Aviation” group and press the ENT Key. Using the large FMS Knob, scroll down to “SafeTaxi”.
Ground Lesson 7 MULTI FUNCTION DISPLAY (MFD) OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to locate, use, and configure data on the MFD during flight operations. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 7.1: MFD Configuration and Controls 1. Which main type of data is presented on the default MFD page display? Map data is the main data type presented on the default Navigation Map Page. 2.
8. Which page should be accessed in order to change the navigation data field options at the top of the MFD display? The AUX - System Setup Page provides options for changing the navigation information displayed in the MFD Navigation Data Box. 9. Which key can be pressed and held for two seconds to quickly return to the Navigation Map Page? Pressing and holding the CLR Key returns the MFD to its default screen. 10.
Ground Lesson 8 PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to configure and interpret data presented on the PFD during all phases of flight operations. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 8.1: PFD Configuration and Controls 1.
9. Where is the control for the Altimeter barometric pressure setting located? The BARO Knob is located on the right-hand side of the PFD (in some installations, exists as the large outer knob of the CRS/BARO Knob). 10. What are the ranges of viewable tape in the Altimeter and Airspeed Indicator? The Altimeter has 600 feet viewable at a time; 60 knots are viewable on the Airspeed Indicator at any one time. 11. A pilot is flying through the Rocky Mountains and decides to land at KASE in Aspen, CO.
Ground Lesson 9 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to determine the types of emergencies with associated component failures and take appropriate action during emergencies or failures. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 Cockpit Poster • G1000 PC-based Simulator Exercise 9.1: Emergencies and Failure Modes 1.
6. During a cross country flight, an AHRS failure occurs (failure indicated by a red “X” over the Attitude Indicator). Note: the aircraft is equipped with a GFC 700 AFCS.
Ground Lesson 10 TERRAIN AWARENESS/TAWS Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to accurately interpret terrain awareness and TAWS data while both incorporating this information into the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process and understanding the limitations of these systems. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide Exercise 10.1: TAWS Operation 1.
6. During which phase of flight is PDA active? PDA functions only during descent to land. 7. The NCR is only active during the departure phase of the flight. What condition(s) must exist to activate this alert? 1. Height above the terrain must be less than 700 feet. 2. The aircraft is less than 2 nm from the departure airport. 3. The aircraft heading change from the departure heading is less than 110°. 8. Does the “Five-Hundred” alert have any pop-up text? No 9.
Ground Lesson 11 TRAFFIC OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to accurately interpret traffic data while both incorporating this information into the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process and understanding the limitations of these systems. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Exercise 11.1: Traffic Information Service 1.
7. When a Traffic Advisory is issued, is one allowed to deviate from the ATC assigned instructions? No, the traffic display is intended to assist the pilot in visual acquisition of these aircraft in VMC. TIS is not intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relive the pilot responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft. TIS shall not be for avoidance maneuvers during IMC or at other times when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft.
Ground Lesson 12 WEATHER OPERATION Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to understand and interpret weather information displayed in the cockpit. The pilot will be able to use this supporting information to enhance the decision-making process before and during the flight. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide • G1000 PC-based Simulator • www.xmradio.com • www.wxworx.com Exercise 12.1: Weather and Digital Audio Entertainment 1.
3. List all XM Weather Products and their corresponding update rates. NEXRAD Cell Movement METARs TAFs Lightning TFRs Surface Analysis 5 min 12 min 12 min 12 min 5 min 12 min 12 min Cloud Tops County Warnings AIRMETs SIGMETs Echo Tops Winds Aloft 15 min 5 min 12 min 12 min 7.5 min 12 min 4. Reported/forecast products use a date/time stamp.
10. A pilot is on a VFR flight from KXYZ to KABC. Currently, the altitude is 9,500 feet, 50 miles from KABC. Weather is predicted to be MVFR at the destination airport. Using the MFD, describe the steps that must be taken to receive a METAR and/or TAF at the destination airport. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Select the Weather Data Link Page. Press the METAR Softkey to display colored flags at the airports. Press the LEGEND Softkey to see descriptions of graphic symbols and color codes.
Exercise 12.2: Lightning Detection 1. When flying an aircraft with a WX-500 Stormscope installed, where can the lightning data be displayed? Stormscope information can be shown on the PFD Inset Map and on the MFD Navigation Map and Stormscope pages. 2. How is WX-500 data presented by the G1000 System? Stormscope lightning information is shown as lightning bolts and “+” (plus) symbols of various sizes. 3.
Exercise 12.3: Weather Radar 1. Does the GWX 68 Airborne Weather Radar allow you to operate while on the ground? Yes, however, a caution will appear alerting the pilot to follow all safety precautions. WARNING: Begin transmitting only when it is safe to do so. If it is desired to transmit while the aircraft is on the ground, no personnel or objects should be within 11 feet of the antenna. 2. Describe WATCH.
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Ground Lesson 13 GFC 700 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS) Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to understand the operation of the Garmin Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and use the autopilot throughout various phases of flight. Resources • G1000 Pilot’s Guide Exercise 13.1: Flight Director and Autopilot Operation 1. List all parts (LRUs) associated with the GFC 700 in the aircraft being flown.
7. When the go-around control is pressed, what flight director and autopilot functions can be expected? Pressing the go-around control engages the flight director in the wings level, nose up attitude and the autopilot disengages automatically. 8. List several ways the autopilot can be disengaged. When there is a system failure, automatic disengagement occurs. Manual disengagement is accomplished by pressing the AP DISC Button, the MET ARM Switch, the AP Key on the MFD, or the go-around control. 9.
Appendix CONSIDERATIONS ON USING THE G1000 INTEGRATED FLIGHT DECK TO ENHANCE THE AERONAUTICAL DECISION MAKING (ADM) PROCESS AND SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (SRM) The Garmin G1000 Integrated Flight Deck has brought a number of improvements in cockpit technology to General Aviation (GA) aircraft. These improvements range from longer life and greater reliability of the primary instruments to a simplified pilot interface.
emergency. Nonetheless, it is imperative that the pilot double-check all autopilot inputs in order to avoid mode confusion and monitor them to ensure that the intended operation is taking place. If equipped with a GFC 700 AFCS, it is also important for pilots to understand the capabilities and limitations of the system. For example, loosing number two Integrated Avionics Unit (GIA #2) causes the autopilot to be disabled; however, the flight director function will still be available.
WEATHER AWARENESS In this discussion so far, the focus has been on SRM. Now, attention will be turned to leveraging the various data inputs from the on-board weather sensors, datalinks, traffic awareness, and terrain awareness functions. Proper understanding of both the operation of these various tools and their integration with the pilot’s aeronautical decision making (ADM) process can bring significant safety gains to the GA feet.
TRAFFIC AWARENSS Traffic Collision and Avoidance Systems (TCAS) represent another technological advance that has been made in the area of traffic avoidance. Originally developed for large commercial aircraft, TCAS technology is now starting to trickle down features and capabilities to the GA feet. For example, the GTX 33 Mode-S Transponder can be used as an optional component in G1000-equipped aircraft and brings Traffic Information Service (TIS) data directly to the cockpit.
FINAL THOUGHTS In conclusion, as GA aircraft and pilots transition to 21st-century technology, the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck provides a number of safety-enhancing benefits. Although automation in the cockpit should be embraced, both its positive and negative impacts on the safety of flight should be recognized and understood. Proper autopilot use is key to enhancing safety by reducing pilot workload; this is particularly true in certain emergency situations.
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