G1000 TM AFCS Pilot’s Guide for Beechcraft A36/G36
Record of Revisions Revision Date of Revision Revision Page Range A 07/20/05 9-1 – 9-29 B 07/28/05 9-1 – 9-29 Description Initial release Go Around button description change Garmin G1000 AFCS Pilot’s Guide for Beechcraft A36/G36 190-00609-00 Rev.
INTRODUCTION 9.1 INTRODUCTION NOTE: This Pilot’s Guide assumes that the reader is already familiar with the G1000 Integrated Cockpit System. Refer to the G1000 Cockpit Reference Guide and G1000 Pilot’s Guides for further information concerning the G1000 system.
INTRODUCTION GSA 81 AFCS Servos (4) Dedicated AFCS Controls Refer to Figure 2.3.1 located in the System Overview. The GDU 1043 MFD has the following dedicated AFCS keys located on the lower left side of the bezel: • AP Key – Engages/disengages the Autopilot • FD Key – Activates/deactivates the Flight Director only Four GSA 81 servos are used for automatic control of the aircraft flight control surfaces.
INTRODUCTION Additional AFCS Controls The following buttons and switches used by the AFCS are located in the cockpit separately from the PFD and MFD: • AP DISC (Autopilot Disconnect) Button — Disengages the Autopilot and Yaw Damper and interrupts pitch trim operation This button may be used to mute the aural alert associated with an Autopilot disconnect. The AP DISC button is colored red and is located forward of the MET switch on the pilot’s control wheel left grip.
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FD OPERATION 9.2 FLIGHT DIRECTOR OPERATION The Flight Director function provides pitch and roll commands to the AFCS system and displays them on the PFD. With the Flight Director activated, the pilot can hand-fly the aircraft to follow the path shown by the command bars. The Flight Director, when engaged, also provides the commands to the Autopilot. Activating the Flight Director Pressing the FD key or AP key (when FD is not active) activates the Flight Director in default pitch/roll modes.
FD OPERATION AFCS Status Bar Flight Director mode annunciations are displayed on the PFD, whenever the Flight Director is active. Figure 9.2.1 shows each individual AFCS Status Bar field. Roll modes are displayed on the left side and pitch modes are displayed on the right. Armed modes are displayed in white and active modes are displayed in green. Refer to Section 9.3 for Flight Director mode information. Command Bars Upon activation, the Flight Director displays command bars on the PFD. Figure 9.2.
FD MODES 9.3 FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES Flight Director modes are normally selected independently for the pitch and roll axes. Unless otherwise specified, all mode keys are alternate action (i.e. press on, press off). PITCH MODES The GFC 700 AFCS offers the following pitch modes: • • • • • • Pitch Hold (default) Altitude Hold Vertical Speed Flight Level Change Glideslope Go Around While Vertical Speed, Flight Level Change, or default Pitch Hold modes are selected, airspeed is monitored by the Flight Director.
FD MODES Pitch Hold Mode (PIT) Changing the Pitch Reference When the Flight Director is activated (the FD key is pressed), Pitch Hold is selected by default. Pitch Hold mode is indicated by the annunciation ‘PIT’ appearing in the active pitch mode field in green. In Pitch Hold mode, the Flight Director maintains a constant pitch attitude, known as a pitch reference. The pitch reference conforms to the aircraft attitude at the moment of engagement.
FD MODES Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) Altitude Arm/Capture The Altitude Hold mode is engaged by pressing the ALT key. In this mode, the Flight Director establishes the current aircraft altitude as the altitude reference. Changing the Altitude Reference If desired, the pilot can press the CWS button and hand-fly the aircraft to a new altitude reference. When the CWS button is released at the desired altitude, the new altitude is established as the altitude reference.
FD MODES Vertical Speed Mode (VS) Changing the Vertical Speed Reference The Vertical Speed mode is activated by pressing the VS key. The annunciation ‘VS’ appears in the active pitch mode field, along with the vertical speed reference on the right. A separate vertical speed reference box appears directly above or below the Vertical Speed tape depending on the whether the aircraft is climbing or descending. A vertical speed reference bug is displayed on the tape as well.
FD MODES Flight Level Change Mode (FLC) The Flight Level Change mode is selected by pressing the FLC key. This mode acquires and maintains the airspeed reference. The airspeed reference is displayed directly above the airspeed tape and in the pitch reference field to the left of the ‘FLC’ annunciation. The airspeed reference is set to current aircraft airspeed when engaged. NOTE: The Selected Altitude should be set before engaging Flight Level Change mode.
FD MODES Glideslope Mode (GS) Glideslope mode is only available when the Flight Director is operating in the Approach mode. Glideslope mode is automatically armed under the following conditions: • A valid localizer frequency is tuned • The LOC mode is selected on the HSI, with valid deviation indicator • The APR key is pressed NOTE: Pressing the CWS button while the Glideslope mode is active does not cancel the mode. The Autopilot guides the aircraft back to the glideslope upon releasing the CWS button.
FD MODES Go Around Mode (GA) Pressing the GA button engages the Flight Director in a wings level, 7-degree pitch-up attitude. Go Around mode disengages the Autopilot, and cancels all armed modes including Altitude Hold. Other roll modes may be selected after Go Around mode engagement. Subsequent Autopilot engagement is also allowed. An attempt to modify the pitch attitude (e.g with the CWS button or the NOSE UP/NOSE DN keys) results in the Flight Director reverting to Pitch Hold mode.
FD MODES ROLL MODES Wings Level/Roll Hold Mode (ROL) The GFC 700 offers the following roll modes: • • • • • Roll Hold Heading Select Navigation Approach Go Around The table below equates each roll mode to the respective key and gives accompanying mode annunciations.
FD MODES Heading Select Mode (HDG) The Heading Select mode acquires and maintains the Selected Heading shown on the PFD. The Selected Heading is adjusted by using the HDG knob on the PFD or MFD. Adjustment is shown by a heading bug on the HSI and by the Selected Heading box. Turns are commanded in the same direction as the bug movement, even if the bug is turned more than 180 degrees from the present heading (e.g. a 270-degree turn to the right).
FD MODES Navigation Mode (GPS, VOR, LOC, or BC) The Navigation mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation receiver on the HSI (e.g. GPS, VOR or LOC). The Flight Director follows GPS roll steering commands when the HSI is in GPS mode, and creates roll steering commands from the Selected Course and deviation when the HSI is in VOR, LOC, or BC modes. The Selected Course is controlled using the CRS knob.
FD MODES Approach Mode (GPS, VAPP or LOC) The Approach mode acquires and tracks the selected navigation receiver on the HSI (GPS, VOR or LOC). This mode uses the selected navigation receiver deviation and desired course inputs to fly the approach. The Approach mode provides greater sensitivity for VOR tracking than Navigation mode, and allows the Autopilot to fly an ILS approach with a glideslope.
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AUTOPILOT 9.4 AUTOPILOT AND YAW DAMPER OPERATION OVERVIEW The Autopilot controls the aircraft pitch and roll attitudes, while following commands received from the Flight Director. Pitch autotrim provides trim commands to the pitch trim servo, to relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch servo. The Yaw Damper reduces Dutch roll tendencies and coordinates turns.
AUTOPILOT Manual Disengagement The Autopilot may also be manually disengaged by pressing the AP DISC button, the GA button, the MET ARM switch, or the AP key on the MFD. Manual disengagement is indicated by a five-second flashing yellow ‘AP’ annunciation and by a two-second Autopilot disconnect aural alert. The AP DISC button or MET ARM switch may be used to cancel the aural alert (the aural alert only lasts 2 seconds).
AUTOPILOT FLIGHT CONTROL Roll Axis Emergency Control Override The GSM 85 servo mounts are equipped with slipclutches that are preset to certain values. This allows the servos to be overridden in case of an emergency. NOTE: Refer to the approved AFMS for specific instructions regarding emergency procedures. Flight Director - Autopilot Interface The Flight Director function provides pitch and roll commands to the GSA 81 servos, based upon the currently active Flight Director modes.
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PROCEDURES 9.5 PROCEDURES NOTE: The diagrams in the following examples are for instructional purposes only and may not be current. This section provides a scenario-based set of procedures showing various GFC 700 modes used during a flight. In this scenario, the aircraft departs Reid-Hillview Airport (KRHV) from runway 13L, en route to Fresno Yosemite International Airport (KFAT). The pilot desires to climb to an altitude of 7,000 feet MSL and fly heading of 070 degrees to intercept airway V107.
PROCEDURES Departure 3. To Climb to Selected Altitude and Fly an Assigned Heading: 1. 2. Upon takeoff, the pilot sets the Selected Altitude to 7,000 feet, using the ALT knob. To have the Autopilot capture this altitude, the pilot may select from Pitch Hold, Vertical Speed, or Flight Level Change. In this example, Vertical Speed is used. 4. As the aircraft climbs to the Selected Altitude, the Flight Director changes from Vertical Speed mode to Altitude Hold mode.
PROCEDURES Intercepting a VOR After climbout, the Autopilot continues to fly the aircraft on a heading of 070 degrees at an altitude of 7,000 feet. The pilot now wishes to intercept airway V107 to Panoche VORTAC (PXN). 2. At a predetermined point, the Flight Director changes from Heading mode to Navigation mode, and the green annunciation ‘VOR’ flashes. The Autopilot begins turning to intercept the Selected Course. 3.
PROCEDURES Flying a Flight Plan/GPS Course Flashes for five seconds, then transitions to ROL As the aircraft closes upon Panoche VORTAC, the pilot chooses to enter and fly a GPS flight plan for the next leg, airway V230. To do this, the pilot enters PXN, CZQ, and KFAT into the active flight plan. The pilot must then press the NAV key to reactivate the Flight Director roll mode to use GPS guidance.
PROCEDURES Flight Level Change Descent 3. While flying the GPS leg from Panoche VORTAC to Clovis VORTAC, the pilot chooses to make a Flight Level Change descent to 3,000 feet in preparation for the approach to KFAT. To make a Flight Level Change descent: 1. The pilot sets the Selected Altitude to 3,000 feet using the ALT knob. Then the pilot pushes the FLC key. This activates the Flight Level Change mode.
PROCEDURES APPROACHES 2. The pilot uses the Heading mode to comply with ATC vectors, as requested. ILS Approach 3. In preparation for the approach and at the pilot’s discretion, the pilot tunes the localizer frequency, then selects the LOC mode on the HSI. 4. When cleared for the approach, the pilot arms the Approach mode by pressing the APR key. LOC and GS appear in the roll and pitch armed field, respectively.
PROCEDURES 4. From this point, the Autopilot flies the ILS. At the Decision Height, the pilot can press the AP DISC button and land the aircraft, or press the GA button to execute a missed approach. At the holding pattern, the pilot commences with the hold. To fly the hold using the Autopilot, the pilot sets Selected Heading using the HDG knob and presses the HDG key. The HDG knob is used for the remainder of the hold to guide the aircraft.
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