400W Series Pilot’s Guide & Reference
Foreword Foreword Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Rd., S.E., Salem, Oregon 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/581.8101 Fax: 503/364.2138 Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road, Hounsdown Business Park, Southhampton, SO40 9RB, U.K. Tel. +44 (0) 870 850 1243 Fax +44 (0) 238 052 4004 Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road, Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan Tel: 886/02.
INTRODUCTION Warnings, Cautions, and Notes Introduction WARNING: The altitude calculated by the 400W-series is geometric height above mean sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure altimeters in aircraft. WARNING: The Jeppesen database incorporated in the 400W-series must be updated regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. Updates are released every 28 days. A database information packet is included in your 400W-series package.
INTRODUCTION Warnings, Cautions, and Notes NOTE: The GNS 400W-series units use a different database than in the legacy units. The databases are incompatible between units. The GNS 400W-series units must use a WAAS enabled database. NOTE: This product, its packaging, and its components contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. This notice is being provided in accordance with California’s Proposition 65.
INTRODUCTION Accessories and Packing List Accessories and Packing List Congratulations on choosing the world’s finest panel-mounted IFR navigation/communication system! The 400W-series represents Garmin’s continued commitment to providing you with the most advanced technology available today — in an accurate, easy-touse design suitable for all of your flying needs.
INTRODUCTION Warranty Limited Warranty This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost.
INTRODUCTION Table of Contents Contents Introduction..................................................................................................i Warnings, Cautions, and Notes.........................................................i Accessories and Packing List...........................................................iii Limited Warranty.............................................................................. iv Model Descriptions...............................................................
INTRODUCTION Activating Flight Plans..............................................................68 Inverting Flight Plans...............................................................69 Create a new flight plan...........................................................69 Crossfill...................................................................................70 Copying Flight Plans................................................................70 Deleting Flight Plans.................................
INTRODUCTION Setup 1 Page..................................................................................170 Airspace Alarms.....................................................................172 CDI Scale / Alarms.................................................................173 Units / Mag Var......................................................................174 Position Format......................................................................175 Map Datum .....................................
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INTRODUCTION Model Descriptions Model Descriptions This guide covers the operation of the GPS 400W, GNC 420W, GNC 420AW, GNS 430W, GNS 430AW. In general, all models will be referred to as the 400Wseries, except where there are physical or operational differences. The 400W-series units are 6.25” wide and 2.66” high. The display is a 240 by 128 pixel color LCD.
TAKEOFF TOUR Key and Knob Functions Key and Knob Functions The 400W-series unit is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primary function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of the primary functions of your 400W-series unit. Experiment with the unit and refer to the Reference sections for more information.
TAKEOFF TOUR Key and Knob Functions Right-hand Keys and Knobs E The enter key (ENT) is used to approve an operation or complete data entry. It is also used to confirm information, such as during power on. d Right-hand Keys and Knobs The large right knob is used to select between the various page groups: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST. With the on-screen cursor enabled, the large right knob allows you to move the cursor about the page.
TAKEOFF TOUR Key and Knob Functions Bottom Row Keys N The nearest (NRST) key (400W/420W only) displays the nearest airports page. Then, turning the small right knob steps through the NRST pages. GPS 400W / GNC 420W C The CDI key (430W only) is used to toggle } O The OBS key is used to select manual or automatic sequencing of waypoints. Pressing the OBS key selects OBS mode, which will retain the current “active to” waypoint as your navigation reference even after passing the waypoint (i.e.
TAKEOFF TOUR Power On Power On Powering up the 400W-Series Unit The Garmin 400W-series provides you accurate navigational data and some models also have communication capability, along with non-precision and precision approach certification in the IFR environment.
TAKEOFF TOUR Instrument Panel Self-Test Check CDI/HSI, RMI and other instruments to verify these indications { } Fuel Figures: May be entered manually if no sensor present Select to Set Fuel Level to Full Capacity Select to display Checklists Page Should match current OBS course selection Instrument Panel Self-Test Once the database has been acknowledged, the instrument panel self-test page will appear.
TAKEOFF TOUR Fuel On Board & Checklists Fuel On Board and Checklists To view the checklists page: The instrument panel self-test page includes selections to set fuel on board (FOB) to full capacity and access the checklists page. This allows you to quickly set fuel to full limits and display any checklists you’ve entered, such as start up or takeoff checklists. 1. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Go To Chklist?” and press ENT. To set fuel on board to full (if not provided by sensor): 1.
TAKEOFF TOUR Acquiring Satellites / Messages Acquiring Satellites/Messages If the 400W-series unit has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may have to “Search the Sky” to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satellite data to establish almanac and satellite orbit information, which can take 5 to 10 minutes.
TAKEOFF TOUR 420W / 430W Only Selecting COM and VLOC Frequencies While the 400W-series unit is acquiring a position, let’s take a minute to dial in the active and standby frequencies you’ll be using for the first phase of your flight. The 400W-series display is divided into separate “windows” (or screen areas), including a COM window, VLOC window, and the GPS window.
TAKEOFF TOUR Page Groups Page Groups d (Large right knob to change page groups) NAV Group WPT Group a (Small right knob to select pages within the group) Default NAV Map Arpt Location Arpt Departure Arpt Runway Intersection Arpt Frequency NDB Arpt Approach VOR Arpt Arrival User Waypoint Terrain NAVCOM Position Satellite Status VNAV Selection of any main page is performed using the large and small right knobs. The large right knob selects the page group: NAV, WPT, AUX or NRST.
TAKEOFF TOUR Page Groups d (Large right knob to change page groups) a (Large right knob to select pages with the group) AUX Group NRST Group Flight Planning Nrst Airport Nrst User Waypnt Utility Nrst Intersection Nrst Center Setup 1 Nrst NDB Nrst Flight Service Setup 2 Nearest VOR Nrst Airspace FPL Group Flight plan pages are selected by pressing the FPL key and using the small right knob to select the desired page.
TAKEOFF TOUR Nav Pages Nav Pages The map page is one of seven, or more, pages available under the NAV group*: • Default NAV page • Map page • Terrain page • NAVCOM page • Position page • Satellite status page • Vertical navigation page To select the desired NAV page, turn the small right knob until the desired page is displayed. If you are currently viewing a page that is not part of the NAV group, you can quickly return to the NAV group using the CLR key.
TAKEOFF TOUR Default Nav Page Default Nav Page During most flights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the primary pages used for navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your flight plan (as defined by the current “from” and “to” waypoints), and six user-selectable data fields.
TAKEOFF TOUR Map Page Map Page The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) relative to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries—and your route displayed as a solid line. Data fields for destination waypoint (WPT), distance to waypoint (DIS), desired track (DTK) and ground speed (GS) appear on the right hand side of the display. These fields are user-selectable to allow you to configure the unit to your own preferences.
TAKEOFF TOUR NAVCOM Page NavCom Page From the default NAV page, simply turn the small right knob to display the map page and again to display the NAVCOM page. The NAVCOM page displays the available frequencies (communications and navigation) for the departure airport, any en route airports that are included in your flight plan, and the final destination airport. When using the direct-to function, frequencies will be listed for the airport nearest to your starting position and the destination airport.
TAKEOFF TOUR Direct-To Navigation Direct-To Navigation The 400W-series unit can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination. A destination can be selected from any page with the direct-to key. 5. Press ENT to confirm the identifier. The “Activate?” function field will be highlighted.
TAKEOFF TOUR IFR Procedures IFR Procedures Once the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the whole range of instrument procedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precision and precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available using the PROC (procedures) key. To display the procedures page, press PROC. The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival are identical.
TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Pages Nearest (NRST) Pages To display the NRST pages: The NRST main page groups provides listings for nearest airports or other facilities. The NRST group provides detailed information on the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created waypoints within 200 NM of your current position.
TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Airport Nearest Airport You may examine both the communication frequencies and runway information directly from the nearest airport page. As discussed earlier for the NAVCOM page, you may also place any displayed frequency into the standby COM or VLOC field by highlighting the frequency with the cursor and pressing ENT.
TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Airspace Nearest Airspace Page To view an airspace alert message: The last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, provides information for up to nine controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your flight path. Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for airspace alert messages.
TAKEOFF TOUR Flight Plans To create a new flight plan: from the nearest airspace page. 1. Press the FPL key and turn the small right knob to select the flight plan catalog. Flight Plans The 400W-series lets you create up to 20 flight plans, with up to 100 waypoints in each flight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using the FPL key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the active flight plan page and the flight plan catalog.
TAKEOFF TOUR Flight Plans identifier field. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, above, until all waypoints for the flight plan have been entered. Once the flight plan is created, it may be activated from an options window. Activating the flight plan will place a copy into “flight plan 00” (the original flight plan still resides in the flight plan catalog). It replaces any flight plan which currently exists in “flight plan 00.” To activate the new flight plan: 1.
420W / 430W Only Section 1 - COM Communicating Using the GNC 420W/AW and GNS 430W/AW Some models of the 400W-series feature a digitallytuned VHF COM radio that provides a seamless transition from communication to navigation. The GNC 420W and GNS 430W’s COM radio operates in the aviation voice band, from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, in 25 kHz steps (default). For European operations, a COM radio configuration of 8.33 kHz steps is provided (Section 9 - Aux - Setup 2).
1 - COM Com Window and Tuning 420W / 430W Only COM Window and Tuning Communication frequencies are selected with the tuning cursor in the standby COM frequency field, and using the small and large left knobs to dial in the desired frequency. The standby frequency always appears below the active frequency. The active frequency is the frequency currently in use for transmit and receive operations.
420W / 430W Only 1 - COM Auto-Tuning from Nearest Airport Page 3. Press ENT to place the frequency in the standby field of the COM window. Cursor in VLOC window allows for VOR and ILS operations. See Section 8. Nearest airport page with the Tower frequency (TWR) for the closest airport highlighted. Auto-Tuning The 400W-series auto-tune feature allows you to quickly select any database frequency in the GPS window as your standby frequency.
1 - COM Auto-Tuning from Flight Plan/Database 420W / 430W Only To select a COM frequency for a nearby flight service station (FSS) or center (ARTCC): 1. Select the nearest center or flight service page from the NRST page group. Turn the large right knob until the NRST pages appear. Then, if necessary, turn the small right knob to display the desired NRST page. 2. Press the small right knob to place the cursor on the airport identifier field.
420W / 430W Only 1 - COM Emergency Channel Stuck Microphone when finished. 4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired frequency. 5. Press ENT to place the highlighted frequency in the standby COM window field. Emergency Channel The 420W/430W emergency channel select provides a quick method of selecting 121.500 MHz as the active frequency in the event of an in-flight emergency.
1 - COM Remote Frequency Selection Remote Frequency Selection Control On units configured for remote Com frequency recall*, pressing the remote recall switch will load the next preset Com frequency into the unit’s Standby frequency box and display a temporary pop-up window with the current Preset ID number—e.g., Preset 1 or Preset 12.
2 - NAV PAGES Page Groups / NAV Page Group Section 2 NAV Pages Main Page Groups Default NAV Map Terrain NAVCOM Position Satellite Status The 400W-series main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, AUX and NRST. While viewing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selection process using the small and large right knobs.
2 - NAV PAGES Default Nav Page Default NAV Page The first NAV page is the default NAV page. This page may be quickly selected from ANY page by using the CLR key. To select the NAV group and display the default NAV page, press and hold the CLR key. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI) across the top of the page. Unlike the angular limits on a CDI coupled to a VOR or ILS receiver, full scale limits for this CDI are defined by a GPS-derived distance (2.0, 1.0 or 0.3 NM).
2 - NAV PAGES Default Nav Page Selecting Desired On-Screen Data To select a different data item for any data field: At the bottom of the default NAV page you’ll find six user-definable fields which display the data you’ll need as your flight progresses. By default these fields display: distance to destination (DIS), desired track (DTK), bearing to destination (BRG), ground speed (GS), ground track (TRK) and estimated time en route (ETE).
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Restoring Factory Settings Map Page You can also quickly return all data field settings to their original factory settings. The second NAV page is the map page, which displays your present position using an airplane symbol, along with nearby airports, navaids, user-defined waypoints, airspace boundaries, lakes, rivers, highways and cities. To restore all six data fields to factory default settings: 1.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Symbols Map Range Various symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identifiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the identifiers are enabled). Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map, showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Page Auto Zoom An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an en route range of 200 NM through each lower range, stopping at a range of 1.0 NM as you approach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from the map setup page. The map page also displays a background map showing lakes, rivers, coastlines, highways, railways and towns.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Panning Panning allows you to move the map beyond its current limits without adjusting the map range. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob — a target pointer will flash on the map display. A window will also appear at the top of the map display showing the latitude/longitude position of the pointer, plus the bearing and distance to the pointer from your present position. To select the panning function and pan the map display: 1.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Map Direct-To To designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to destination: 1. Use the panning function (see previous page) to place the target pointer on a waypoint. 2. Press direct-to key to display the select directto waypoint page, with the selected waypoint already listed. 2. Press ENT to display an options menu. 3. “Review Airspace?” should already be highlighted, if not select it with the small right knob.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options Map Page Options Many of the 400W-series functions are menu driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. A map page options menu provides additional settings to customize the map page and additional features related specifically to the map page. To display the map page options menu, press MENU (with the map page displayed).
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options To change a map setup feature: 1. On the Map page, press MENU to bring up the Page Menu. Then, turn the large right knob to highlight “Setup Map?” and press ENT. 2. To change map orientation, turn the small right knob to select “Map” and press ENT. 3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the “Orientation” field and turn the small right knob to select the desired option. Select “North up” to fix the top of the map display to a north heading.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options 7. For airspace boundaries, highways, roads, railroad lines, wind vector, active flight plan course lines, and lat/long grid lines: turn the small right knob to select the appropriate “Group” name (per the chart on the previous page) and press ENT. Use the large right knob to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and turn the small right knob to select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen.
2 - NAV PAGES Map Page Options Data Fields on the Map To change a data field: The “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottom right), without the four data fields along the right-hand side of the screen. Select this option when you wish to display a larger map area. If this option has been selected and the data fields are off, “Data Fields On?” will appear as an option instead. 1. Press MENU on the Map page and then turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?”.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation Restoring Factory Settings Terrain Operation “Restore Defaults?” resets all four user-selectable data fields to their original factory default settings. During power-up of the 400W Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer. At the same time, the Terrain system self-test begins. A failure message is issued if the test fails.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation NOTE: The data contained in the TERRAIN databases comes from government agencies. Garmin accurately processes and cross-validates the data but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data. TERRAIN Alerting TERRAIN uses information provided from the GPS receiver to provide a horizontal position and altitude. GPS altitude is derived from satellite measurements.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation Inhibit Mode To display a 120˚ view: 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU. 2. Select “View 120˚?”. 3. Press ENT. To switch back to a 360˚ view, repeat step 1, select “View 360˚?”, and press ENT. Seven display ranges are available, allowing for a more complete view of the surrounding area. To change the display range: 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press up or down on the RNG key to select the desired range: 1 NM, 2 NM, 5 NM, 10 NM, 25 NM, 50 NM, 100 NM.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation To enable TERRAIN: Enabling Terrain 1. Select the TERRAIN Page and press MENU. “Enable Terrain?” is selected by default. Obstacle Symbol 2. Press ENT. The TERRAIN system is functional again. Unlighted Obstacle < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL Terrain Symbols The symbols shown below are used to represent obstacles and potential impact points on the Terrain Page.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation General Database Information The Garmin TERRAIN system uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the information displayed should never be understood to be all-inclusive. Pilots must familiarize themselves with the appropriate charts for safe flight. NOTE: The data contained in the terrain and obstacle databases comes from government agencies.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Operation To update the terrain or obstacle database: 1. Acquire a new terrain data card from Garmin. 2. Turn off the power to the 400W Series unit. 3. Remove the old terrain data card from and insert the new card into the right-most slot of the 400W Series unit. 4. Turn on the 400W Series unit and verify that the TERRAIN system passes the self-test. The “TER TEST” annunciator will clear after checking and no failure message appears.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance The unit will issue terrain alerts not only when the aircraft altitude is below the terrain elevation but also when the aircraft is projected to come within minimum clearance values of the terrain. This alerting, called Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance (FLTA), is also provided for obstacles. Any potential impact points will be depicted on the display.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) TERRAIN Failure Alert The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent Alert (PDA) when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly below the normal approach path to a runway. The TERRAIN system continually monitors several system-critical items, such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. Should the system detect a failure, a message is annunciated “TERRAIN has failed”. PDA ends when the aircraft is either: • 0.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts “TERRAIN Not Available” Alert The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution become degraded, or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation “TERRAIN NOT AVAILABLE” is displayed on the TERRAIN Page.
2 - NAV PAGES Terrain Alerts Annunciation Pop-Up Alert Description None TERRAIN has failed None TERRAIN has been inhibited None TERRAIN not available due to degraded navigation solution or the aircraft is outside of the database coverage area. Terrain FLTA advisory generated by predicted or present aircraft altitude being below minimum clearance values. Unless there is a change in conditions a TERRAIN AHEAD alert may be generated.
2 - NAV PAGES NAVCOM Page NAVCOM Page The NAVCOM (navigation communications) page provides a list of the airport communication and navigation frequencies at your departure, en route and arrival airports. The NAVCOM page makes selection of the frequencies you’ll need along your flight plan quick and convenient. If you do not have an active flight plan with a departure airport, the NAVCOM page will display the frequencies for the airport nearest your departure position.
2 - NAV PAGES Position Page Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows: “TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only “PT” - part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?” designation. To view usage restrictions for a frequency: 1. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the “Info?” designation directly in front of the desired frequency. 2.
2 - NAV PAGES Position Page NOTE: Do not rely solely on MSA as an absolute measure of safe altitude. Consult current charts and NOTAMs for your area. To change the user-selectable data fields: 1. Press MENU to display the Position page options menu. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Change Fields?” and press ENT. 6. Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page.
2 - NAV PAGES Restoring Factory Settings Restoring Factory Settings A “Restore Defaults?” option allows you to reset all data fields to their original factory default settings. This will return the three user-selectable fields at the top of the page AND the reference waypoint fields to default settings. 7. Press the small right knob momentarily to remove the cursor from the page. 8.
2 - NAV PAGES Satellite Status Page Satellite Status Page The Satellite Status Page is helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems. You may wish to refer to this page occasionally to monitor GPS receiver performance and establish a normal pattern for system operation. Should problems occur at a later date, you may find it helpful to have an established baseline from which to compare.
2 - NAV PAGES Satellite Status Page NOTE Operating outside of an SBAS service area with SBAS enabled may cause elevated EPU values to be displayed on the satellite status page. Regardless of the EPU value displayed, the INTEG annunciation is the controlling indication for determining the integrity of the GPS navigation solution. Vertical Navigation Page WARNING: VNAV is to be used for advisory purposes only.
2 - NAV PAGES Vertical Navigation - VNAV 5. Turn the small and large right knobs to select a distance from the target reference waypoint and press ENT. If the target altitude should occur at the target reference waypoint, enter a distance of zero. To create a vertical navigation profile: 1. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the target altitude field. 3. Turn the small and large right knobs to select the target altitude and press ENT. 4.
2 - NAV PAGES Vertical Navigation - VNAV To disable/enable the vertical navigation (VNAV) messages: 1. Press MENU to display the vertical navigation page options menu. With the profile set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the vertical navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical navigation feature: • At one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a message “Approaching VNAV Profile” occurs.
2 - NAV PAGES Dead Reckoning Dead Reckoning Dead reckoning is the process of continuing navigation using your last known position and speed after a loss of GPS navigation while on an active flight plan. CAUTION: Navigation using dead reckoning is therefore only an estimate and should not be used as the sole means of navigation. Use other means of navigation, if possible. Dead reckoning becomes active after a loss of GPS position while you are navigating using an active flight plan.
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3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting a Waypoint Section 3 Direct-To Navigation 3. Press ENT to confirm the selected waypoint, and ENT again to activate the direct-to function. The direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course to a waypoint. Once a direct-to is activated, the unit will establish a point-to-point course line (geodesic path) from your present position to the selected direct-to waypoint.
3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting a Waypoint Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint by Facility Name or City In addition to selecting a direct-to waypoint by identifier, the select direct-to waypoint page also allows you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility name or city location. If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or city, additional entries may be viewed by continuing to turn the small right knob during the selection process. Identifier, Symbol and Region 4.
3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting a Waypoint Selecting a Direct-To Waypoint from the Active Flight Plan Selecting the Nearest Airport as a Direct-To Waypoint If you’re navigating an active flight plan, any waypoint contained in the flight plan may be selected as a direct-to waypoint from the select direct-to waypoint page. (see Section 4 - Flight Plans, for more information on flight plans.) The select direct-to waypoint page always displays the nearest airports (from your present position) on the NRST field.
3 - DIRECT-TO Direct-to Shortcuts Shortcuts Shortcuts are available when using the direct-to key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small and large right knobs to enter the waypoint’s identifier. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint identifier (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing direct-to and ENT. For pages that display a list of waypoints (e.g.
3 - DIRECT-TO Cancelling / Manual Course Cancelling Direct-To Navigation Specifying a Course to a Waypoint Once a direct-to is activated, the unit will provide navigation guidance to the selected waypoint until the direct-to is manually cancelled or replaced by a new active leg or direct-to. Whenever you perform a direct-to, the unit will set a direct geodesic course to the selected waypoint.
3 - DIRECT-TO Selecting Direct-To a Holding Pattern You may select a Direct-To course to a holding pattern that is in your flight plan. To set a direct-to course to a holding pattern: 1. Press the FPL key to reach the active flight plan page. 2. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. Turn the large right knob to highlight the hold leg of the flight plan. 3. Press direct-to. “Activate” will be highlighted. Press ENT to activate a course Direct-To the holding pattern.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Section 4 Flight Plans 4. The 400W-series lets you create up to 20 different flight plans, with up to 100 waypoints in each flight plan. The flight plan page group consists of two pages, accessed by pressing the FPL key. The Active Flight Plan page shows the legs and details in the active flight plan. The Flight Plan Catalog contains flight plans that you have created and saved for future use. The flight plan pages allow you to create, edit and copy flight plans.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog 5. With “Yes” highlighted, press ENT to remove the waypoint. 6. Once all changes have been made, press the small right knob to return to the flight plan catalog. A one-line user comment may be added to any flight plan, which will be displayed on the flight plan catalog, next to the flight plan’s number. By default, as the flight plan is being created, the comment will show the first and last waypoints in the flight plan.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Options Inverting Flight Plans Invert FPL? allows you to reverse the highlighted flight plan and select it for navigation guidance. After travelling along a flight plan, you may wish to reverse the route for navigation guidance back to your original departure point. To activate an existing flight plan in reverse order: 1. From the flight plan catalog, press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 2.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Options Crossfill Crossfill? allows you to transfer a direct-to destination, the active flight plan including VNAV parameters, any stored flight plan or user waypoints to a second 400W-Series or 500W-Series Garmin unit. See Section 9 - Aux Pages - Flight Planning Crossfill Operation for additional details on using the “Crossfill?” option. Copying Flight Plans Copy Flight Plan? allows you to copy the selected flight plan to a new flight plan location.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Options Sort List By Number?/Sort List by Comment? 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Delete Flight Plan?” and press ENT. 3. With “Yes?” highlighted, press ENT to delete the flight plan. Deleting All Flight Plans Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all flight plans from memory.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Flight Plan Catalog Options Active Flight Plan Page The active flight plan page provides information and editing functions for “flight plan 00”— the flight plan currently in use for navigation. Once you have activated a flight plan, the active flight plan page will show each waypoint for the flight plan, along with the desired track (DTK) and distance (DIS) for each leg.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Invert Flight Plan the desired destination waypoint. 2. Select the “Activate Leg?” option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT. I nvert Flight Plan? reverses the active flight plan. This feature is described earlier in this section. 1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed, press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight “Invert Flight Plan?” and press ENT. Delete Flight Plan 3.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options Select Approach Select Approach? allows you to select a published instrument approach for the destination airport, or replace the current approach with a new selection. In many cases, you’ll find it more convenient to select approaches using the PROC key— as described in Section 5 - Procedures. To select an approach for a direct-to or flight plan destination airport: 3. A second window will appear listing available transitions for the approach.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options Select Arrival Select Arrival? allows you to select a published standard terminal arrival route (STAR) for the destination airport, or replace the current arrival with a new selection. To select an arrival for a direct-to or flight plan destination airport: 1. Select the “Select Arrival?” option from the active flight plan page options and press ENT. 2. A window will appear listing the available transitions for your destination airport.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options Remove Approach, Arrival, or Departure Remove Approach? deletes the currently selected approach from the active flight plan. Remove Arrival? deletes the current Arrival (STAR) from the active flight plan. Remove Departure? deletes the current departure (SID) from the active flight plan. To determine the closest point, along the active flight plan, to a selected waypoint: 1.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Options Parallel Track To set a parallel track to your flight plan. Parallel Track? allows you to create a parallel course offset of 1 to 99 NM to the left or right of your current flight plan. After setting a parallel track to your current flight plan, a magenta parallel track line will be drawn offset from the original by the selected distance. The original course line will be drawn in white. The aircraft will navigate to the parallel track course line. 1.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Shortcuts To cancel a parallel track to your flight plan. Shortcuts 1. With the Active Flight Plan Page displayed, press MENU to display the Active Flight Plan Page Options window. A number of shortcuts are available to save time when using the active flight plan page. These shortcuts speed the process of removing approaches, departures, and arrivals, and aid in selecting a specific flight plan leg for navigation guidance. 2.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Shortcuts 2. Press direct-to twice to display an “Activate Leg” confirmation window. This same process may also be used to remove individual waypoints from the active flight plan. To remove a waypoint using the CLR key: 1. With the active flight plan page displayed, press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the identifier for the waypoint you wish to delete. Identifiers will appear in green text. 3.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS Active Flight Plan Shortcuts Flight Plan Transfer Feature (optional with software V 3.20 or later) The Flight Plan Card feature is available for transferring flight plans to the unit via a Garmin proprietary data card. The flight plans may be created on a PC using flight planning software that is compatible with Garmin equipment (Jeppesen FliteStar is an example). In addition to the flight planning software, it is necessary to purchase a flight plan transfer kit from Garmin.
4 - FLIGHT PLANS 6. Once all flight plans have been loaded, power off the unit. 7. Remove the Flight Plan Card from the right card slot and place the Terrain Card back into the empty card slot. NOTE: The Flight Plan Card is only to be used on the ground. It must be removed prior to flight. 8. Apply power to the unit. 9. To activate a newly transferred flight plan, refer to Section Four “Activating Flight Plans.
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5 - PROCEDURES Approaches/Departures/Arrivals Section 5 - Procedures Approaches, Departures, & Arrivals The 400W-series unit allows you to fly non-precision and precision approaches to airports with published instrument approach procedures. All available approaches are stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card, and are automatically updated when you replace the card with a new one. Subscription information for NavData cards is included in your 400W-series package.
5 - PROCEDURES Activating Approaches Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As you select an approach, a “GPS” designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only.
5 - PROCEDURES Basic Approach Operations Basic Approach Operations Annunciation Description LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV) approach. Fly to LPV minimums. A yellow background indicates that the approach is safe to continue but a downgrade to LNAV may occur. LP Localizer Performance with no vertical guidance. Fly to LP minimums. SW V 3.30, or later. LP +V LP +V indicates Localizer Performance with advisory vertical guidance.
5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach Approach operations on the 400W-series will typically begin with the same basic steps: Select Destination “Select” and “Load” the approach “Activate” the approach DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION 1. Select the destination airport using the directto key, or as the last waypoint in the active flight plan. 2. Choose the “Select Approach?” option from the procedures page or from the active flight plan options. 3.
5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach Flying the Procedure Turn 1. Within 31 NM of the destination airport, the 400W-series will switch from “en route” mode to “terminal” mode (as indicated in the lower left corner of the screen). The switch to terminal mode is accompanied by a gradual Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) scale transition from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection. (See example below) 4. Once you are cleared for the approach, press the PROC key, select “Activate Approach?” and press ENT.
5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach 3. As you approach the IAF (LYH), a waypoint alert (“LT TO 205° x S”) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. As the distance (DIS) to the IAF approaches zero, the alert is replaced by a turn advisory (“LT TO 205° NOW”). The unit will guide you automatically, or you can dial the outbound course of 205° into the CDI (or HSI) using the OBS knob and initiate a standard rate turn to this course heading. RW04 31 nm 4.
5 - PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Approach 7. After approximately one minute, make a 180° right turn to a heading of 340° to intercept the inbound course. The unit will sequence to the inbound leg to the FAF, the CDI needle will swing to the opposite side to provide proper sensing along the final course segment and “DTK 025° NOW” will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION RW04 8.
5 - PROCEDURES Missed Approach pended at the MAP. A “from” indication will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue. If a missed approach is required, use the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence. Flying the Missed Approach After you pass the MAP, if the runway isn’t in sight you must execute a missed approach.
5 - PROCEDURES Approach with Hold As you fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timer automatically resets on the outbound side of the hold when you are abeam the hold waypoint. The timer again resets as you turn inbound (within approximately 30° of the inbound course). This allows you to use standard timing (typically one minute) to fly the inbound and outbound legs of the hold. 2. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the destination airport’s identifier (KFVX).
5 - PROCEDURES Approach with Hold given the option and you must manually reselect waypoint sequencing. 5. From the transitions window, select BODRY intersection as the IAF. Also, select “Activate?” to load and activate the approach. 6. Once you activate the approach, the active flight plan page will appear. You may review the approach sequence by pressing the small right knob and turning the large right knob. Press FPL to return to the navigation pages. 8.
5 - PROCEDURES Approach with Hold NOTE: If you need to lose extra altitude or speed by going around the holding pattern again, press OBS to manually suspend waypoint sequencing BEFORE crossing the holding waypoint the second time. If you’ve already passed this waypoint, reactivate the holding pattern. 11. Also as you approach BODRY intersection, a waypoint alert (”NEXT DTK 209°”) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. 14.
5 - PROCEDURES DME Arc Approach 15. As you approach the MAP, a waypoint alert (“ARRIVING WPT”) will appear in the lower right corner. CDI scaling continues to tighten from 0.3 NM to 350 feet, full-scale deflection. 16. As you cross the MAP, “SUSP” will appear above the OBS key, indicating that automatic sequencing of approach waypoints will be suspended at the MAP. A “from” indication will be displayed on the CDI and default NAV page, but course guidance along the final approach course will continue.
5 - PROCEDURES DME Arc Approach DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION 2. Press the PROC key and select the “VOR 22” approach. From the transitions window, select “LEBVY” as the IAF. Also, select “Load?” (or “Activate?”, if already cleared direct to the IAF for the approach). 31 nm (from airport) Billard Muni (Topeka, KS) VOR Rwy 22 4. If you haven’t already activated the approach (in step #2 above), be sure to do so when cleared for the approach. 3.
5 - PROCEDURES DME Arc Approach less at the FAF. The change occurs over 2 NM and is completed by the FAF. 6. Follow the arc, keeping the CDI needle centered. When using an autopilot, the course select on the CDI (or HSI) must be periodically updated with the desired track (DTK) to ensure proper tracking through the arc. Whenever the course select setting and desired track differ by more than 10°, a “Set course to ###°” message will appear on the message page. 9.
5 - PROCEDURES Vectors-To-Final Approach 10. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”, the runway threshold). With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. When viewing the map page, you’ll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP.
5 - PROCEDURES Vectors-To-Final Approach Flying the Vectors Approach 4. Select “Load?” (or “Activate?”, if already on vectors-to-final). To activate vectors-to-final from the procedures page: 1. Select Billard Municipal (KTOP) as your destination, using the direct-to key or as the last waypoint in a flight plan. With “vectors to final” selected, the CDI needle will remain off center until you’re established on the final approach course.
5 - PROCEDURES Vectors-To-Final Approach 2. The unit suspends automatic waypoint sequencing in this case, because VTF was activated while on the “From” side of the Final Approach Fix. 3. ATC instructs you to turn left to a heading of 025°. This places you parallel to the final approach course in the opposite direction. CDI needle deflection is to the left. 6. As the CDI needle centers, make any remaining course corrections to establish yourself on the final approach course. 4.
5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs name will always begin with a “D”, followed by a distance in tenths of nautical miles from the waypoint fix. This example uses the VOR/DME RWY 25 approach into Palmdale, California (KPMD) and includes a teardrop course reversal. Palmdale (CA) AF Plant 42 VOR/DME or GPS Rwy 25 8. As you cross the FAF, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW22”). With the needle centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate.
5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs active flight plan and default NAV pages. Note the magenta line in the bottom figure, which represents the currently active leg of the approach. The distance (DIS) displayed on the above screens is TO the “D13.0” point. The flight plan will automatically sequence to the next leg upon reaching “D13.0”. 3. At 13.0 NM from the IAF, a waypoint alert (“DTK 265° x S”) will appear in the lower right corner of the screen.
5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs on your approach plate, for proper climb and heading instructions. MISSED APPROACH: Palmdale (CA) USAF Plant 42 VOR/DME or GPS Rwy 25 2. Note that within a few seconds of pressing OBS to release suspend mode and start the approach sequence, “SUSP” re-appears above the OBS key as the 400W-series unit returns to suspend mode. This is normal when flying a course from fix to altitude leg and indicates that automatic leg sequencing is suspended.
430W Only 5 - PROCEDURES Course-From-Fix Legs COASTAL ONE DEPARTURE (CSTL1.CCC) DEPARTING BARNES MUNI, 6. As you approach PMD VOR (the missed approach holding point), an alert message in the lower right hand corner of the screen will recommend the holding pattern entry procedure (“HOLD PARALLEL”). As you fly the holding pattern, a timer appears on the default NAV page. The timer automatically resets on each outbound and inbound portion of the holding pattern.
5 - PROCEDURES ILS Approach 430W Only 1. Select the departure (CSTL1) from the procedures page. Then select the departure runway (RW02, in this example) and transition (GEDIC). 4. Once the OBS key is pressed, the 400W-series unit will automatically sequence to each waypoint along the remainder of the departure route, including the selected transition. 2. As you depart the airfield, “NEXT DTK 026°” appears in the lower right corner of the screen and “SUSP” appears directly above the OBS key.
430W Only The automatic switch from GPS to VLOC is not immediate, but instead occurs gradually to prevent abrupt CDI changes when coupled to an autopilot. The CDI selection can also be changed manually by pressing the CDI key. Once the switch from GPS to VLOC has occurred, either automatically or manually, it will not automatically switch again until the approach is reactivated or another approach is selected. To prevent automatic ILS CDI selection, choose the “Manual” ILS CDI setting.
5 - PROCEDURES ILS Approach 430W Only Flying the ILS Approach When you “Activate?” an ILS approach, automatic switching of the external CDI is enabled (unless turned off from the CDI/Alarms Page). When you are established on the inbound course to the FAF, the external CDI guidance will automatically switch from “GPS” (shown in green text) to “VLOC” (shown in white text). If you have forgotten to activate the ILS frequency (step #4 below), automatic selection of “VLOC” will not occur.
430W Only 4. If you haven’t already done so, press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate the ILS frequency. If you forget this step, the GNS 430W will display a reminder message (within 2 NM of the FAF) to activate the ILS frequency. DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION 5 - PROCEDURES ILS Approach 7. Once you have flown approximately one minute past SHUTR intersection, prepare for the procedure turn. 8. Turn right to a heading of 075° to initiate the procedure turn.
5 - PROCEDURES ILS Approach DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION 13. As you cross SHUTR, the destination sequences to the MAP (“RW21”, the runway threshold). With the needle on the external CDI (or HSI) centered, fly toward the MAP, observing the altitude minimums dictated by the approach plate. (When viewing the map page, you’ll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta — the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta — and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP.
5 - PROCEDURES LPV Approach DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION NOTE: In addition to using the OBS key to initiate the missed approach sequence, you may wish to press the CDI key to manually switch external CDI output to the GPS receiver. “GPS” will be indicated above the CDI key. Selecting an LPV Approach For this example, we’ll use a flight from Eugene Oregon (KEUG) to Salem Oregon (KSLE) and select the RNAV runway 31 approach. “GLORR” intersection is selected as the IAF.
5 - PROCEDURES LPV Approach 4. After the approach is loaded into the flight plan, you can view the approach waypoints. 5. Press the PROC key to display the Procedures page. With “Activate?” highlighted press ENT to activate the approach. Flying the LPV Approach 1. Within 31 NM of KSLE, the 400W Series unit switches from en route mode to terminal mode and the CDI scale transitions from 2.0 to 1.0 NM, full scale deflection. 2.
5 - PROCEDURES LNAV/VNAV Approach 10. Once the unit crosses the MAP (defined as the runway end waypoint), sequencing will be suspended. Prepare the aircraft for missed approach operation. Press the OBS key to sequence to the Missed Approach procedure. 11. Fly the guidance provided by the unit to the ARTTY intersection and hold. 8. 9. When viewing the Map Page, you’ll note that the final course segment is displayed in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta).
5 - PROCEDURES Flying the LP Approach Flying the LP Approach LP approach capability is available for units with SW Version 3.30, or later. After SW Version 5.10, some LP approaches may provide advisory vertical guidance, indicated as LP +V. An LP approach is flown similarly to an LNAV approach, except the precision is greater as it utilizes the WAAS accuracy. It has similar lateral accuracy as an LPV approach. Angular scaling is similar to a localizer approach.
5 - PROCEDURES RNAV Approach Procedures 10. Fly the guidance provided by the 400W-series unit to the MAHP and hold. RNAV Approach Procedures The GNS 400W Series allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LNAV + V, LP, LP +V, and LPV approaches according to the published chart. HSI Description Minimums Annunciation L/VNAV Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation. RNAV non-precision approach with vertical guidance. Published LNAV/VNAV minimums. Lateral Navigation. RNAV non-precision approach.
5 - PROCEDURES Points to Remember full-scale deflection. This is a new feature with the 400W-series. • For all approaches and departures, make sure to recheck the runway, transition, and all waypoints. If ATC directs you to make a change, recheck each element again. Points to Remember for Localizer or VORbased Approaches • The default factory setting allows the CDI output to automatically switch from the GPS receiver to the LOC receiver. This may be changed to manual in some installations.
5 - PROCEDURES Enabling Autopilot Outputs • When flying a localizer-based approach with automatic CDI switching disabled: will prompt you to enable the autopilot outputs before using your autopilot for an approach. 1. You may select “VLOC” guidance at any point on the approach prior to reaching the FAF. 3. Press PROC. Highlight “Enable A/P APR Outputs?” with the large right knob, if necessary, and press ENT. 2. The localizer frequency must be active to use “VLOC” guidance.
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6 - WPT PAGES WPT Page Group Section 6 WPT Pages To quickly select a WPT page: WPT Page Group The Waypoint (WPT) page group provides information about the thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, runways, frequencies, and procedures stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card. A WPT page is also provided to display information for up to 1,000 user-created waypoints. 1. From any page, press and hold CLR to select the default NAV page.
6 - WPT PAGES Identifier, Facility, Location or City The WPT page group includes ten pages. While viewing any WPT page, turn the small right knob to select a different WPT page. The first six pages provide detailed information for the selected airport: location, runways, frequencies, approaches, arrivals, and departures. The last four pages provide information for intersections, NDBs, VORs and user-created waypoints.
6 - WPT PAGES Duplicate Waypoints Duplicate Waypoints Once the identifier, facility name or location is entered, all six airport pages will display information for the selected airport. As you enter an identifier, facility name or location, the 400W-series Spell’N’Find™ feature will scroll through the database, displaying those waypoints matching the characters you have entered to that point.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Location Airport Location Page (“HEL”), or VFR The airport location page displays the latitude, longitude, and elevation of the selected airport. The airport location page also displays facility name and location, as well as fuel availability, available approaches, radar coverage and airspace type.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Runway Airport Runway Page The airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface type and lighting for the selected airport. A map image of the runway layout and surrounding area is also displayed on the airport runway page. The map image scale appears in the lower left corner and is adjustable using the RNG key. For airports with multiple runways, information for each runway is available. Runway Designations 4.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Frequencies The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport runway page: Frequency Scroll Bar Airport Identifier, Symbol and Type Frequency Type Usage Restrictions Information Airport Frequency Page The airport frequency page displays radio frequencies and frequency types for the selected airport, as well as sector and altitude restrictions (where applicable).
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Frequencies 4. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Approaches Airport Frequency Page Options 2. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the approach (APR) procedure name field. Select Next FPL Apt? As described earlier in this section. Select Destination Apt? As described earlier in this section. Airport Approach Page WAAS approach ID Identifier, Symbol and Type Approach Procedure Name 3. Turn the small right knob to display a window of available approaches for the selected airport.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Approaches NOTE: Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As you select an approach, a “GPS” designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Arrivals After selecting the Approach Channel, the WAAS approach ID will be shown in the top left corner of the map display. To select an approach channel from the Airport Approach Page: 1. Press MENU to display the Airport Approach Page Options. 2. 3. Turn the small or large right knob to highlight “Select Approach Chnl? and then press ENT. Turn the small right knob to change values and the large right knob to move the cursor. After selecting the WAAS approach channel, press ENT.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Arrivals 8. Press ENT. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. Airport Arrival Page Options The following options are available for the airport arrival page, by pressing the MENU key: 4. Press ENT. The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field. 5. Turn the small right knob to display a window of available transitions. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired transition. Load into Active FPL? As described earlier in this section.
6 - WPT PAGES Airport Departure Page 2. Turn the large right knob to place the cursor on the departure (DEP) procedure name field. 6. Press ENT. The cursor moves to the transitions (TRANS) field. 7. Turn the small right knob to display a window of available transitions. Continue turning the small right knob to select the desired transition. 8. Press ENT. To remove the flashing cursor, press the small right knob. 3.
6 - WPT PAGES Intersections Intersection Page NDB Page The intersection page displays the latitude, longitude, region and country for the selected intersection. The intersection page also displays the identifier, radial and distance from the nearest VOR, VORTAC or VOR/ DME. Intersections may only be selected by identifier. There are no Intersection page options. The NDB page displays the facility name, city, region/country, latitude and longitude for the selected NDB.
6 - WPT PAGES VORs VOR Page To select a VOR frequency from the VOR page: The VOR page displays the facility name, city, region/country, magnetic variation, latitude and longitude for the selected VOR. The VOR page also displays the frequency and a weather broadcast indication (if applicable). There are no VOR page options. 1. Select the VOR page from the WPT page group. Magnetic Variation 2. Press the small right knob momentarily to place the cursor on the VOR identifier field.
6 - WPT PAGES User Waypoints User Waypoint Page Creating User Waypoints In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection information contained in your Jeppesen NavData® card, the 400W-series units allow you to store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. The user waypoint page displays the waypoint name (up to five characters long), identifier and radial from two reference waypoints, distance from one reference waypoint, along with the user waypoint’s latitude/longitude position.
6 - WPT PAGES Creating User Waypoints 5. Press ENT to accept the selected position. 6. The cursor moves to “Create?”. Press ENT to add the new waypoint to memory. 7. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. To create a new user waypoint by referencing an existing waypoint: 6. The cursor moves to the distance (DIS) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the distance from the reference waypoint to the new user waypoint. Press ENT to accept the selected distance. 7.
6 - WPT PAGES Creating User Waypoints waypoints which are generated from other equipment in your panel. For example, an EFIS equipped with joystick inputs can be used to create user waypoints which will (if your installation supports this) automatically transfer to your 400W-series unit. Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page The map page and panning target pointer provide a quick means of saving your present position as a userdefined waypoint.
6 - WPT PAGES Modifying User Waypoints 3. Turn the large right knob to highlight the first reference waypoint (REF WPT) field, if you wish to change the reference waypoint. Otherwise, continue turning the large right knob to highlight the radial (RAD) or distance (DIS) field, as desired. 4. Use the small and large right knobs to change the identifier — if desired — of the reference waypoint. The reference waypoint can be an airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or another user waypoint.
6 - WPT PAGES User Waypoint Page Options 3. The top of the user waypoint list will indicate the total number of user waypoints currently used and available memory. If more user waypoints are stored than can be displayed on a single screen, turn the large right knob to scroll through the user waypoint list. 4. Press the small right knob to return to the user waypoint page. Delete User Waypoint? allows you to delete the selected waypoint from memory. To delete a user waypoint: 1.
6 - WPT PAGES User Waypoint Page Options To rename a user waypoint from the user waypoint list: To delete a user waypoint from the user waypoint list: 1. Select the user waypoint list. 1. Select the user waypoint list. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired user waypoint. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired user waypoint. 3. Use the small and large right knobs to change the name of the user waypoint. (Enter the new name directly over the old name.
7 - NRST PAGES NRST Page Group Section 7 NRST Pages To quickly select a NRST page: NRST Page Group Section 2 introduced the 400W-series main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. This fourth page group (NRST) provides detailed information for the 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints within 200 NM of your current position.
7 - NRST PAGES NRST Pages / Scrolling Not all 25 nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints can be displayed on the corresponding NRST page at one time. The nearest airport page displays detailed information for three nearest airports, with a scroll bar along the right-hand side of the page indicating which part of the list is currently being viewed. The nearest airspace page displays detailed information for up to three special use or controlled airspace alerts.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airports Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint The NRST pages can be used in conjunction with the direct-to function to quickly set a course to a nearby facility. This feature can be a real time saver compared to retrieving information from the database using the WPT pages. More importantly, it instantly provides navigation to the nearest airport in case of an in-flight emergency. To select a nearby airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint as a direct-to destination: 1.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airports To quickly tune the common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) from the nearest airport page: 1. Select the nearest airport page. 2. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 3. Turn the large right knob to scroll through the list, highlighting the COM frequency associated with the desired airport.
7 - NRST PAGES VORs, NDBs and Intersections Nearest VOR Page 6. To return to the nearest airport page, verify that “Done?” is highlighted by the flashing cursor and press ENT (or press CLR). The nearest VOR page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance to the 25 nearest VORs (within 200 NM of your present position). For each VOR listed, the nearest VOR page also indicates the frequency and may be used to quickly tune the VLOC receiver to the nearby VOR.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest ARTCC 4. Press ENT to place the selected frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window. Nearest User Waypoint Page The nearest user waypoint page displays the name, bearing and distance to the 25 nearest user waypoints (within 200 NM of your present position). Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page 5. Press the VLOC flip-flop key to activate the selected frequency. 6. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. To view additional information for a nearby VOR: 1.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest FSS Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page To quickly tune an ARTCC’s frequency from the nearest center page: 1. Select the nearest center page. 2. Press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 3. Turn the small right knob to scroll through the list, selecting the desired ARTCC. The nearest flight service station page displays the facility name, bearing to and distance to the five nearest FSS points of communication (within 200 NM of your present position).
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces To quickly tune an FSS’s frequency from the nearest flight service station page: 1. Select the nearest flight service station page and press the small right knob to activate the cursor. 2. Turn the small right knob to scroll through the list, selecting the desired FSS. Nearest Airspace Page The last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, will alert you to as many as nine controlled or special use airspaces near or in your flight path.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces space page, additional details will be provided—including controlling agency, communication frequencies and floor/ceiling limits. To view additional details for an airspace listed on the nearest airspace page: 1. Select the nearest airspace page. Note that the airspace alerts are based on threedimensional data (latitude, longitude and altitude) to avoid nuisance alerts.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces 6. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. 4. Press ENT to place the selected frequency in the standby field of the COM window. To view and quickly tune the frequency for a controlling agency: “Done?” Field (return to previous page) “Frequency?” Field (display frequency page) Airspace Name and Type Status and Time to Entry Floor/Ceiling Limits 1.
7 - NRST PAGES Nearest Airspaces • 5000 ft msl (5000 feet mean sea level) • 5000 ft agl (5000 feet above ground level) • MSL (at mean sea level) • NOTAM (see Notice to Airmen) * • Unknown * • Unlimited * • See Chart * • Surface * * Not shown in this example All airspace alert messages, except for prohibited areas, may be turned on or off from the airspace alarms page.
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GNS 430W Only Section 8 VLOC (VOR/Localizer/Glideslope) Receiver Operations VLOC Window and Tuning The GNS 430W includes digitallytuned VOR/localizer and glideslope receivers with the desired frequency selected on a VLOC window, along the left-hand side of the display. Frequency selection is performed by pressing the small left knob and turning the small and large left knobs to select the desired frequency.
8 - VLOC RECEIVER Auto-Tuning GNS 430W Only To select a VOR/localizer/ILS frequency: Auto-Tuning 1. If the tuning cursor is not currently in the VLOC window, press the small left knob momentarily. A frequency may also be quickly selected from the database by simply highlighting the desired frequency on the VOR page or the nearest VOR page and pressing the ENT key. This process is referred to as auto-tuning.
GNS 430W Only 6. Press the small right knob to remove the flashing cursor. NOTE: For duplex COM operations, the VLOC receiver may be auto-tuned from the nearest flight service station page. When selecting a VOR or ILS approach, manual tuning of the VLOC receiver is not required. Once the approach procedure is “Loaded” or “Activated”, the GNS 430W will automatically place the proper frequency in the standby field of the VLOC window.
8 - VLOC RECEIVER Auto-tuning / CDI Key GNS 430W Only CDI Key The GNS 430W’s CDI key is used to couple the GPS or VLOC receiver to the external CDI (or HSI). When the external CDI (or HSI) is being driven by the GPS receiver, “GPS” will appear at the bottom left corner of the page, directly above the CDI key. When the external CDI (or HSI) is being driven by the VLOC receiver, “VLOC” will appear instead.
9 - AUX PAGES AUX Page Group Section 9 AUX Pages 2. Turn the large right knob to select the AUX page group. “AUX” will appear in the lower right corner of the screen. AUX Page Group Section 2 introduced the 400W-series main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX, NRST—and described each page in the NAV group. The third page group (AUX) allows you to change unit settings, customizing operation to your preferences.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning Flight Planning Page The flight planning page provides access to E6B functions for fuel planning, trip planning, density altitude/true airspeed/winds aloft calculations and a “Crossfill” function to transfer flight plans/user waypoints to a second 400W-series unit. When a flight planning item is selected, the corresponding page will appear providing additional information and features. To select, highlight with cursor and press ENT.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning Density Alt / TAS / Winds— indicates the theoretical altitude at which your aircraft will perform depending upon several environmental conditions, including indicated altitude (IND ALT), barometric setting (BARO) and total air temperature (TAT; the temperature, including the heating effect of speed, read on a standard outside temperature gauge). This computes true airspeed (TAS), based upon the factors above and the calibrated airspeed (CAS).
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning 6. The flashing cursor moves to the fuel flow (FF) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the fuel flow rate. Press ENT when finished. Note that if a fuel system is providing current fuel flow, the fuel flow field will default to this value. OR 3b. For flight plan fuel planning, turn the small right knob to select the desired flight plan by number (already stored in memory. “00” is the active flight plan).
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning highlight the desired data. Press ENT to select the data configuration. NOTE: Fuel planning figures can be entered and displayed based upon one of three possible configurations: Trip Planning To perform trip planning operations: 1. Select “Trip Planning” from the flight planning page. 2. The current trip planning “leg mode” is displayed at the top of the page: “POINT TO POINT” or “FPL LEG” (for a flight plan leg).
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning Density Alt / TAS / Winds To calculate density altitude, true airspeed, winds aloft: 1. Select “Density Alt / TAS / Winds” from the flight planning page. 4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the departure time (DEP TIME) field. 5. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the departure time. Press ENT when finished. (Departure time may be entered in local or UTC time, depending upon unit settings.) 6. The flashing cursor moves to the ground speed (GS) field.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning 6. The flashing cursor moves to the aircraft heading (HDG) field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the aircraft heading from the directional gyro or compass. Press ENT when finished. 7. With all variables entered, the following information will be provided: • DEN ALT— Density altitude • TAS— True airspeed • WIND— Wind direction and speed NOTE: The databases of the 400/500 series and the 400W/500W are incompatible, so you may not mix systems.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning manual transfer, the pilot must force another transfer. default Nav Page. Active Flight Plan information is automatically transferred between units when the “Auto” method is selected above. To transfer flight plans or user waypoints to/from a second 400W (or 500W) Series unit: • Flight Plan—transfers any stored flight plan to/from a second 400W-Series (or 500W-Series) unit, by selecting the flight plan by number.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning OR 5b. For a specified user waypoint (“User Waypoint” data option), the waypoint identifier field is highlighted. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the identifier of the desired user waypoint. Press ENT when finished. 6. The flashing cursor moves to the “CROSS-SIDE” field. Turn the small right knob to select “To” or “From” and press ENT. 7. The flashing cursor moves to the “Initiate Transfer?” confirmation field. Press ENT to transfer the selected data.
9 - AUX PAGES Flight Planning 4. To edit the time field, turn the large right knob to highlight the field. Use the small and large right knobs to edit the new date or time—entering the new value directly over the old figure. Press ENT when finished. To delete a scheduled message: 1. Select “Scheduler” from the flight planning page. 2. The flashing cursor highlights the first message field. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired message field. 3.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page GNS unit. To Enable Flight Plan Crossfill from the GTN Unit 1. From the Default NAV Page, Active Flight Plan page, or the User Waypoint page press MENU. Highlight “GTN Crossfill?” and then press ENT. OR 2. On the Aux Flight Planning page scroll down to “Manual GTN Crossfill” with the large or small right knob, and then press ENT. With the Link field highlighted, turn the small right knob to show “Enabled”, and then press ENT.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page ability is near 100% in Oceanic, En Route and Terminal phases of flight. Because the FAA’s TSO requirements for non-precision approaches specify significantly better satellite coverage than other flight phases, RAIM may not be available when flying some approaches. The 400W-series unit automatically monitors RAIM during approach operations and warns you if RAIM is not available. In such cases, use the GNS 430W’s VLOC receiver instead for the approaches.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page Database Versions — The Database Versions Page displays the current Jeppesen database type, effective date, and expiration date, along with the version and type of built-in land database. Terrain Database Versions — The Terrain Database Versions Page displays the current terrain and obstacle database types, version, cycle, effective date, and expiration date. 2. As you complete each checklist item, press ENT to move to the next item on the list.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page To insert a checklist step into an existing checklist: 1. With the checklists page displayed, turn the large right knob to select the desired checklist and press ENT. Flight Timers To view, use or reset the generic timer: 1. Select “Flight Timers” from the utility page. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the existing checklist entry which will immediately follow the new checklist step. 3. Turn the small and large right knobs to enter the new checklist step.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page To record or reset the departure time: (The reset mode field will indicate “Pwr-on” or “GS>30kt”.) 1. Select “Flight Timers” from the utility page. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the reset mode field, under “Departure Time”. (The reset mode field will indicate “Pwr-on” or “GS>30kt”.) 3. Turn the small right knob to select the desired reset mode. (“Pwr-on” will record a departure time when the 400W-series unit is turned on.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page • Reset Odometer?— Resets odometer readout only • Reset All?— Resets all trip statistics readouts 3. The flashing cursor moves to the arrival date field. Use the small and large right knobs to enter the date for which you wish to determine RAIM availability. Press ENT when finished. 4. 3. Turn the large right knob to select the desired reset option and press ENT. RAIM Prediction To predict RAIM availability: The flashing cursor moves to the arrival time field.
9 - AUX PAGES Utility Page Sunrise / Sunset Software / Database Versions To calculate sunrise and sunset times at any waypoint or your present position: 1. Select “Sunrise / Sunset” from the utility page. The software, database, and terrain database version pages display software version information for each of the various subsystems contained within the 400W-series unit, as well as database versions for the Jeppesen NavData® card and built-in land data.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 Setup 1 Page To select a setup item from the setup 1 page: The Setup 1 page provides access to airspace alarms, CDI scale adjustment, an arrival alarm, units of measure settings, position formats, map datums and settings for local or UTC time display. When a setup item is selected, the corresponding page will appear providing access to the various unit settings. 1. Press the small right knob momentarily, to activate the flashing cursor. 2.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 more than 500 feet above or below an airspace, you will not be notified with an alert message; if you are less than 500 feet above or below an airspace and projected to enter it, you will be notified with an alert message. The default is 200 feet. CDI / Alarms— allows you to define the scale for the 400W-series unit on-screen course deviation indicator. The scale values represent full scale deflection for the CDI to either side. The default setting is “Auto”.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 An arrival alarm, provided on the CDI / Alarms Page, may be set to notify you with a message when you have reached a user-defined distance to the final destination (the direct-to waypoint or the last waypoint in a flight plan). Once you have reached the set distance (up to 99.9 units), an “Arrival at [waypoint]” message is displayed. Units / Mag Var— allows you to configure the displayed data to standard or metric units of measure.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 NOTE: When an approach has been loaded into the active flight plan, airspace alert messages will be disabled within 30 NM of the destination airport. CDI Scale / Alarms Select “CDI / Alarms” from the Setup 1 page. 2. The flashing cursor highlights the “Selected CDI” field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired CDI scale. The selected scale and any lower scale settings will be used during the various phases of flight. 3. Press ENT to accept the selected scale.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 1 Units / Mag Var To change the units of measure: To set the magnetic variation: 1. Select “Units / Mag Var” from the Setup 1 page. 1. Select “Units / Mag Var” from the Setup 1 page. 2. Turn the large right knob to highlight the desired units of measure category. The following categories, and corresponding units of measure, are available: 2. The flashing cursor highlights the heading mode field.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 Position Format Map Datum To change the position format: 1. Select “Position Format / Map Datum” from the Setup 1 page. NOTE: Per TSO C146a, the WGS-84 map datum is used. Date / Time To display local time or UTC: 1. Select “Date / Time” from the Setup 1 page. 2. The flashing cursor is on the position format field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired position format. The following position formats are available: 2.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 the United States, all local time offsets will use be minus, or behind UTC.) 4. Press ENT to accept the selected offset. To select, highlight with cursor and press ENT. Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any setup 1 page option, a “Restore Defaults?” menu selection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected item only).
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 The following setup items are available: Display— allows you to adjust the display for optimum viewing in any condition. Automatic backlighting is available which uses a built-in photocell (at the top left corner of the display bezel) to make the proper display adjustments without any user intervention. Automatic contrast adjustment varies the screen contrast level based upon current unit temperature.
9 - AUX PAGES Setup 2 4. Turn the large right knob to highlight the right (decimal) part of the frequency field. 2. The flashing cursor highlights the backlight mode field. Turn the small right knob to select the desired mode: Auto or Manual. Press ENT to accept the selection. 5. Turn the small right knob to enter the desired frequency. 6. Repeat for any remaining desired frequencies, then press the small right knob to finish.
9 - AUX PAGES Nearest Airport Criteria To set the minimum runway length and runway surface: 1. Select “Nearest Airport Criteria” from the Setup 2 page. surface types or shorter runway lengths, you may be excluding airports from the list that are more than adequate for an emergency landing! SBAS Selection To enable WAAS operation, in the Setup 2 page select the SBAS item and then select WAAS. If WAAS 2.
10 - FDE Section 10 Fault Detection & Exclusion Training CD for complete details on using the FDE prediction program. The Garmin 400W-series software incorporates a Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) algorithm, thus providing a basis for approval per FAA Notice N8110.60 requirements for “GPS as a Primary Means of Navigation for Oceanic/Remote Operations”. The FDE consists of two distinct features, fault detection and fault exclusion.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Section 11 Messages, Abbreviations, and Navigation Terminology Messages The 400W-series unit uses a flashing “MSG” annunciator at the bottom of the screen (directly above the MSG key) to alert you of any important information or warnings. While most messages are advisory in nature, warning messages may require your intervention. Whenever the “MSG” annunciator flashes, press the MSG key to display the message, when pilot workload allows.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Bad geometry, parallel offset not activated — parallel offset is not activated because of flight plan geometry. Basemap database integrity error — The 400W-series unit has detected a failure in the built-in basemap (land data) database. Land data does not appear on the Map Page. Other unit functions continue to work normally, however the 400W-series unit should be taken to your Garmin dealer for service at your earliest convenience.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS COM transmitter power has been reduced — (GNS 430W/GNC 420W only) Excessive unit temperature and/or an insufficient voltage level has been detected. The COM transceiver transmit power has been automatically reduced to compensate for the condition. For excessive temperatures, check for adequate ventilation or check cooling air flow. If the message persists, contact your Garmin dealer for assistance.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS G/S needs service — (GNS 430W only) A failure in the glideslope receiver has been detected. The glideslope receiver may still be usable, but the unit should be returned (at your earliest convenience) to your Garmin dealer for service. GAD configuration required — The GAD 42 Interface Adapter has lost the configuration information stored in its internal memory.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Invalid closest pt of FPL — A closest point cannot be created from the waypoint entered on the “Closest point of flight plan” window. This occurs when the selected waypoint is beyond the limits of all legs in the flight plan, too far away, or when a unique waypoint name for the closest point cannot be created. Invalid FPL modification — An attempt was made to modify the final course segment (FAF to MAP) of an instrument approach.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS OBS key stuck — The OBS key is stuck in the enabled (or pressed) state. Try pressing the OBS key again to cycle its operation. Check for proper operation of both the internal and remote keys (if present). If the message persists, contact your Garmin dealer for assistance. OBS not available — The OBS mode could not be activated, because 1) no destination waypoint has been selected, or 2) the GPS receiver cannot currently determine its position.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS TCAD altitude data invalid — If the Ryan TCAD has an altitude failure, the TCAD will announce an altitude failure aurally (“TCAD ALTITUDE DATA INVALID”) but continue operating. The relative altitude for the targets will be invalid. User card format unknown — A data card has been inserted, but the format of the card is not recognized. TERRAIN configuration conflict — The current HTAWS/Terrain configuration is not supported by the hardware.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Turn Advisory and Arrival Annunciations File contains wpts only — The Flight Plan file did not contain any Route Points but one or more User Waypoints were imported successfully. The following annunciator messages may appear in the lower right corner of the 400W-series unit display: ARRIVING WPT — Arriving at the destination waypoint for the active leg (waypoint alert). DTK xxx° xx S — Waypoint alert. Prepare to turn to the indicated heading upon waypoint passage.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Abbreviations DB— Database The following is a list of abbreviations used on the 400Wseries unit and their meanings: ACTV— Active DEN— Density ALT— Altitude DEPT— Departure guidance APR— Approach DIS— Distance APT— Airport DME— Distance Measuring Equipment ARSPC— Airspace DTK— Desired Track DEP— Departure ARTCC— Air Route Traffic Control Center ARVL— Arrival AUX— Auxiliary AVGAS— Aviation-grade Gasoline AVTN— Aviation EFF— Efficiency ELEV— Elevation EN
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS G/S— Glideslope lb— Pounds gl— gallons LCL— Local GPS— Global Positioning System LFOB— Left-over Fuel On Board GS— LNAV — Lateral Navigation only Ground Speed LNAV+V — Lateral Navigation with advisory vertical guidance HAL— Horizontal Alarm Limit LOC— Localizer HDG— Heading LP — HFOM— Horizontal Figure of Merit LPV — Lateral Precision Performance with Vertical Guidance hg— HPL— Horizontal Protection Level LP +V — Lateral Precision Performance
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS MSG— Message SBAS— Space-Based Augmentation System MSL— Mean Sea Level SID— mul— Multicom NATNL— National Sml— Small NAV— Navigation SQ— Squelch NAVAID— Navigational Aid SRFC— Surface NDB— Non-Directional Radio Beacon STAR— Standard Terminal Arrival Route NM— SUA— Special Use Airspace Nautical Miles NRST— Nearest Standard Instrument Departure SPD— Speed SUSP— Waypoint sequencing suspended NUM— Number °T— Degree True OBS— Omnibearing Sele
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS VAL— Vertical Alarm Limit VAR— Variation VER— Version VFOM— Vertical Figure of Merit VFR— Visual Flight Rules VLOC— VOR/Localizer Receiver VNAV— Vertical Navigation VOL— Volume VOR— VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range VPL — Vertical Protection Level VS— Vertical Speed VSR— Vertical Speed Required WAAS — Wide Area Augmentation System WPT— Waypoint WX— Weather XTK— Crosstrack Error 192 190-00356-00 Rev J
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS Navigation Terms miles per gallon). The following navigation terms are used on the 400W-series and in this Pilot’s Guide: ENDUR (endurance)— Flight endurance, or total available flight time based upon available fuel. WPT 2 NORTH DTK DIS ESA (en route safe altitude)— The recommended minimum altitude within ten miles, left or right, of your desired course on an active flight plan or directto.
11 - MESSAGES ABBREVIATIONS & NAV TERMS LFOB (left-over fuel onboard)— The amount of fuel remaining on board after the completion of one or more legs of a flight plan (or a direct-to). TRK (track)— The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Also referred to as “ground track”. VSR (vertical speed required)— The vertical speed necessary to descend from current position and altitude to a defined target position and altitude, based upon your current ground speed.
APPENDIX A NavData Card Use Appendix A NavData Card Use To remove the NavData card: The Jeppesen NavData® card supplied with your 400W-series unit can be installed or removed when the 400W-series unit is off. Insert the card with the swing arm handle at the bottom and the label facing to the left (see illustration right).
APPENDIX B Specifications Appendix B Specifications PHYSICAL Unit Size: 6.25”W x 11.00”D x 2.69”H (159 mm x 279 mm x 68 mm) Unit Weight with tray: 400W 5.0 lbs (2.27 kg) 420W/420AW 5.5 lbs (2.49 kg) 430W/430AW 6.2 lbs (2.
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A Appendix C Troubleshooting Q&A This section is designed to answer some of the common questions regarding the 400W-series capabilities and operation. If you have a problem operating the unit, read through this appendix and refer to the reference section noted. If you don’t find answers to your particular question here, use the index to find the appropriate section elsewhere in this manual.
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A What happens when I select an approach? Can I store a flight plan with an approach, departure or arrival? Whenever you load an approach, departure or arrival into the active flight plan, a set of approach, departure or arrival waypoints is inserted into the flight plan—along with a header line describing the instrument procedure you selected.
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A flag for the active-to waypoint. If an external course input is not available, you may select the OBS course onscreen, via a “Select OBS Course” pop-up window. With OBS mode cancelled, the CDI will always display a “TO” indication for the next waypoint once you’ve crossed the active waypoint (provided the active waypoint is not the last waypoint). Refer to Section 5 - Flying the Missed Approach for an example using the OBS key.
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A How do I skip a waypoint in an approach, departure, or arrival? The 400W-series unit allows you to manually select any approach, departure or arrival leg as the active leg of your flight plan. This procedure is performed from the active flight plan page by highlighting the desired waypoint and pressing direct-to twice, then ENT to approve the selection (see illustration right).
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A Why does my CDI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? Full-Scale deflection and defined path for normal approach Sensitivity must change from ±1 NM FSD to either ±0.3 NM or ±2° FSD, whichever is less at the FAF. Change occurs over 2 NM and is completed at the FAF. Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the cross-track distance to the desired course, in OBS mode not an angular relationship to the destination.
APPENDIX C Troubleshooting Q & A What is the correct missed approach procedure? How do I select the missed approach holding point? The 400W-series unit does not automatically sequence past the MAP. Waypoint sequencing to the first waypoint in the missed approach procedure will be enabled when the OBS key is pressed after crossing the MAP. All published missed approach procedures must be followed, as indicated on the approach plate.
APPENDIX D Index Index Symbols 3D navigation 8, 56 A Abbreviations 120, 122, 123, 129, 130, 131, 181, 189 Accessories iii Acquiring satellites 8, 55 Activate flight plan 22, 68 Active flight plan 21, 67, 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 83, 125, 134, 155, 159, 160 Active leg 13, 30, 72, 77, 93, 98, 188, 200 Airport Approach 117, 120, 124, 125, 197 Arrival 126 Departure 127 Frequency 122 Runway 121 Airspace 36, 144, 181, 185 Alarm 170, 172 Alert 20, 138, 145, 146, 147, 173 Frequencies 36 Alarms 170, 171, 173 Alerts Ter
APPENDIX D Index Course from fix to altitude 101 Course from fix to distance 100 Course from fix to DME distance 100 Course from fix to manual sequence 103 Create flight plan 21 Creating user waypoints 131 Crossfill 73, 159 Cross-side 161 Crossfill 70, 135, 155, 159, 183 CRSR 3, 189 CTAF 123, 139, 140, 189 Cursor 3 EFIS 133 Emergency channel 2, 27 ENDUR 156, 189 ENR 85 ENT 3 Enter 3 Environmental 196 En route 51 EPU 56, 189, 193 F D Database i, iii, 32, 41, 45, 46, 49, 84, 125, 159, 160, 162, 163, 195, 1
APPENDIX D Index GPS 400W 1 Great circle 193 GTN Crossfill 162 H HFOM 56 Hold 91, 188 HSI 61, 152, 198 I Ident audio and volume 149 IFR 17 IFR procedures 17 ILS 104, 173 ILS CDI Selection 105, 114, 171, 173 Inhibit terrain 43 Inside airspace 20 Instrument panel self-test 6 Integ 8, 164, 190, 197 Interfaces 196 Intersection 129, 141 J Jeppesen 195 K Key descriptions 2 Key stuck 182 King autopilot 115 Knob descriptions 2 L LFOB 156 LNAV/VNAV Approach 85, 110, 112 Localizer 149, 196 Localizer Approach 114
APPENDIX D Index P Packing list iii Page groups 10, 29 Panning 35 Parallel track 77 PDA 48 Position 52, 172, 175 Power on 5 Power up 5 Premature descent alerting 48 Preset Com frequency 177 PROC 4 Procedures 4, 17 Procedure turn 86 PTT 182 R Railroads 37 RAIM 164, 168, 197 Range 3 Reference waypoint 53, 131 Remote frequency control 28, 177 REQ 156 Reset all 168 Reset max speed 167 Reset odometer 168 Reset trip 167 Restore defaults 78 Restoring factory settings 32, 54, 176 Rivers and Lakes 37 RNG 156 Roll s
APPENDIX D Index VLOC 2, 9, 114, 149, 186, 187 Ident audio 149 Tuning 149 VNAV 56, 181 Volume 23 VOR 130, 141, 149, 196 VSR 58, 194 W WAAS approach ID 126 Warranty iv Waypoint 117, 200 Airport 120 Airport frequency 122 Airport runway 121 Approach 124 Arrival 126 City 118 Departure 127 Duplicate 119 Facility 118 Identifier 118 Intersection 129 Modify user 133 NDB 129 User 131, 142 VOR 130 WGS 84 172 Winds 155, 158 Wind vector 37, 39 Wx broadcast 130 190-00356-00 Rev J 207
APPENDIX D Index Blank Page 208 190-00356-00 Rev J
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