Apollo® 800 Flybuddy™ Pilot’s Operating Manual MORROW ‘A United Parcel Service Company 11 Morrow Inc.
1. Scope of Limited Warranty 1 Morrow warrants to the original consumer purchaser 1l Morrow products will be fie of defects in materials and workmanship, endue normal wse, for the periods described below. The warranty begins on the original retail delivery date, iron the date of first use, whichever occurs earlier. Avionic Lorna receivers are covered for 26 months after delivery of first use, whichever is cardies.
T Morrow™ and Flybuddy™ are trademarks of Il Morrow Inc. Apollo® is a registered trademark of Il Morrow Inc. Copyright © 1990 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the US.A. 11 Morrow Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97302 US.A.
Caution The Fly buddy LORN is a powerful navigation tool, but you should never rely solely on any one piece of navigation equipment. It’s important to maintain a constant awareness of the navigation picture by using all appropriate resources. Your new LORN should be installed only by an FAA certified facility. Each installation is unique, and there are several variables and cautions that an installer must deal with for you to get the maximum benefit from your Fly buddy.
Fly buddy Operation Manual Databases . B-1 Airport Database .. B-1 Database .. B-2 User Database .. B-2 Database .. B-3 Heliport Database . .. B-3 Se abase Database . B-3 Optional Data cards . . B-5 AIRPORT Database . B-6 Database . .. B-6 NDB Database . B-6 Heliport Database . . B-7 Se abase Database .. B-7 Displays, Lights, and Controls B-9 Power Switch . . B-9 Misplay B-9 Knobs .. B-10 Buttons . B-10 Multi-Purpose Controls B-11 Lights . B-13 Modes B-15 Operating Logic B-17 Pages .
Display Fields . B-27 NAV Displays . B-29 Interpreting NAV Displays . B-31 Nearest Way point Listing B-33 Interpreting Database Information . . B-35 Airport and Heliport Databases . B-35 VOR Database . B-37 Database B-37 Se abase Database . B-38 Flight Plans . B-39 Astronautical B-43 LORN Data First Flight . . Start-Up .. .revving L F-1 Direct Navigation . . .. F-3 Gris (LORN Chains) . F-7 Composite Continental U.S. LORN Coverage . F-8 U.S. and Canadian LORN Coverage F-.
Flight Plans . N-11 Entering INFO ona Flight Plan N-16 Editing Flight Plan N-18 Deleting or Inserting a Way point . N -20 Changing Flight Plan Status {Activating a Flight Plan) . .. N-25 User Way points . N-27 Creating a User Way point . . N-27 Editing a User Way point . .. N-29 Deleting a User Way point . . N-31 Entering/Editing Info on a User Way point . N-32 Starting/Stopping Auto Nav Se roll . . .N-35 Displaying the Alternate Solution . . .N-37 Displaying WARN Messages Displaying Alert Messages ..
Latitude/Longitude Calibration . .. .. S-21 Displaying Software and Database Version . . Activating the Display Test . Owner Information . Entering Owner Information Editing Owner Information . . Setting the Auto Nav Scroll Time NAVY Mode Display Customizing Customizing NAV Displays Restoring Default Nav Pages . . . Setting the Countdown Timer Troubleshooting . Difficulty Report . .
Fly buddy Basic Concepts Databases . . .« vvi e e B-1 Airport Database .. B-1 Database . . B-2 User Database . B-2 Database . B-3 Heliport Database B-3 Sc abase Database . B-3 Optional Data cards . .. B-5 AIRPORT Database B-6 Database .. B-6 Database . B-6 Heliport Database . B-7 Se abase Database . . B-7 Displays, Lights, and Controls B-9 Power Switch .. B-9 Misplay B-9 Knobs . B-10 Buttons .
Basic Concepts Databases Databases Your Fly buddy has three internal databases--Airports, Vars, and User. Fly buddy Plus is the data card option, and is available as an upgrade for Fly buddy pilots. With Fly buddy Plus, Airport, VOR, User, NDB, Se abase, and Heliport databases are included on a pilot-replaceable data card. Information on way points, such as runway lengths, frequencies, and available services, are also stored on the data card.
Databases Basic Concepts bearing and distance from your present position, and the latitude/longitude of the airport, The optional data card provides additional information, including available runways and services; ASS, Ground Control, and ILS frequencies. VOR Database This database (drawer) stores Vars. The internal database contains a "folder” for every VOR in the U.S. and Canada. The folders are labeled and organized in alphanumeric order according to VOR identifiers.
Basic Concepts Databases NDB Database This database is only available with the optional data card. It contains a "folder” for every NDB in the data card region. The folders are labeled and organized in alphanumeric order according to NDB identifiers. Each elder contains the latitude/longitude, City/State/Country, and the frequency of the NDB. You cannot change the contents of this database. Heliport Database This database is only available with the optional data card.
Optional Data Card Basic Concepts Optional Data cards Fly buddy Plus is the data card option, and is available as an upgrade for Fly buddy pilots. A unique feature of the Fly buddy Plus is "hot replacement” of the data card. Data cards can be changed or removed without any interruption in navigation. For example, if the pilot flies beyond the bounds of his regional data card, the data card can be removed to allow navigation from the internal database. Data cards are inserted in the slot above the display.
Basic Concepts Optional Data Card AIRPORT Database © Bearing and Distance from.
Q Optional Data Card Basel Concepts Heliport Database © Bearing and Distance from ° Heliport elevation Present Position © Heliport Name and ID © Heliport City, State, and Country © Fuel Availability © UNI COM Frequencies © TAFT Frequencies Se abase Database © Bearing and Distance from Present Position ° Se abase Name and ID © Fuel Availability © Runway lengths © TAFT Frequencies © Se abase elevation © Sec abase City, State, and Country © Runway Names © UNI COM Frequencies January 1991
Basic Concepts Displays, Lights, and Controls Displays, Lights, and Controls . Mods Buttons Warn Light Photo Cell — Data card Slot ‘1 Alert Light 1 Mode Lights S ¢ Sob v “wan rep(GE) (ar) POLL PLETHORA LCO Display Data Knob — Direct-To Button Control Knob -~ Information Button Enter Button L elect Button Power Switch Push on/pull off power switch, LCD Display The display, which uses the latest LCD technology, is comprised of two lines with 16 characters per line.
Displays, Lights, and Controls Basic Concepts Knobs Control knob The Control (large) knob has two functions. First, it is used to change pages (displays). Second, after @ is pressed, editing is active. The Control knob is then used to move the cursor. The cursor is a horizontal line appearing at the bottom of a character position when you’re editing (altering) a display. To move the cursor to the right, turn the Control knob clockwise {cw).
Basic Concepts Displays, Lights, and Controls You may enter your own information on User way points. For example, if you have created a way point at a private airport, you could include the following information-‘POWER LINES AT NTH END OF RWY" Press INFO again to exit the function. (SEL) (Select) Press this button to edit displays. A cursor appears under the character to be changed.
Displays, Lights, and Controls Basic Concepts Pressing twice Since the Nearest Way point Listing is a feature you may want to use in the event of an emergency, it is important to remember that no matter what mode you are in, pressing the NAV button twice activates the Nearest Way point Listing. If you are in NAV mode, pressing NAV once activates the feature. The Data knob is then turned to display the nearest way point displays.
Basic Concepts Displays, Lights, and Controls Lights WARN (warn light) This light flashes when the LORN signal quality or strength is insufficient for one or all of the stations in the current chain. Once the reason(s) for the warning have been viewed in SYS mode, the WARN light stops flashing and stays on. If a new warning is generated, the light flashes again. Navigation information is NOT reliable when the WARN light is on or flashing.
Displays, Lights, and Controls Basic Concepts Below is an example of an alert message that appears when you arrive at your To way point. This alert clears automatically after you pass the way point. Arrival at. way point Mode Lights The light above a mode button is on to indicate the unit is in that mode.
Basic Concepts Modes Modes Fly buddy has four operating modes--VAN (Navigation), DB (Database), FPL (Flight Plan), and SYS (System). To enter anode, press the button with the mode name on it. The light above the button illuminates to indicate which mode the unit is in. (NAV) (Navigation) mode: Used to display navigation information, such as bearing and distance to your destination. (Database) mode: Used to access airports, Vars, and user created way points.
Basic Concepts Operating Logic Operating Logic Once you understand the basic logic used in operating Fly buddy, the steps involved in a procedure are generally self-evident, and there is no need to memorize them. There are only a few simple processes you must understand. Hint Don’t be timid when you’re learning to use the unit. You cannot hurt it by pressing or turning incorrect combinations of buttons and knobs.
Operating Logic Basic Concepts 3. Turn () to display sub pages pertaining to the page selected with the Control (large) knob. Some pages don’t have sub pages that pertain; in which case, turning the Data knob has no effect. Editing Any piece of navigation equipment must allow for your input. For example, a VOR receiver allows you to enter frequency and a radial. Likewise, Fly buddy allows you to input certain items, such as your route of flight and your destination.
Basic Concepts Q Operating Logic Searching Databases Any page in any of the databases (including data from the optional data cards) may be displayed by entering DB mode, turning the Control knob to display the desired database, and turning the Data knob to display the desired page. The Airport and VOR databases contain over 10,000 way points.
Operating Logic Basic Concepts Searching By City Name Searching by city name is only possible with the data card option. The DB mode display shown below is used to search by city name in the hell (Heliport) database. You may search by city name only in the Airport, Se abase, and Heliport databases. The top line of the display below shows the identifier (AG, the database (helix, the state or providence (BC--British Columbia), and the country (CAN--Canada). The city name appears on the bottom line.
Basic Concepts WARN Displays ‘Warn Displays The following displays may appear when the WARN light is on. Warn messages may be viewed in SYS Mode by turning the Data knob. After Warn messages are displayed, the WARN light stops flashing until a new Warn condition exists. The WARN light remains lighted as long as there is a Warn condition, Some ‘Warn displays automatically clear when the Warn condition is remedied, while others are cleared when viewed.
WARN Displays Basic Concepts The display below indicates degraded accuracy, perhaps due to the aircraft being positioned near a baseline extension. This warning automatically clears when the condition improves, The display below indicates a checksum error in the User database. When a checksum error is detected, the displayed number of affected User way points are deleted. Fly buddy searches for errors each time the unit is turned on. The warning clears after the message is displayed.
Basic Concepts WARN Displays The display below indicates the unit has automatically changed triads, and a slight shift in position may have occurred as result. The warning clears after the message is displayed, or after 30 seconds. Stations Ch: Position §h The display below indicates the TD sensor has failed, and the unit must be returned for servicing. This display will not clear without servicing, TD Sensor allure The display below indicates Fly buddy is searching for a station.
WARN Displays Basic Concepts The display below indicates the station is being tracked, and there are no cycle errors. This display appears on the top line, and one of the three signal information displays described below appears on the bottom line, X station has The display below indicates the signal to noise ration (SNR) is low. The display automatically clears when the condition improves. “Tow SNR The display below indicates the station is in a blink, or out of tolerance, condition.
Basic Concepts Alert Displays Alert Messages The following displays may appear when the ALERT light is on. Alert messages may be viewed in SYS mode. After Alert messages are displayed, the ALERT light stops flashing until anew Alert is generated. For more information on the Alert light, see Basic Concepts, Displays, Lights, and Controls (page B-13). The display below indicates the number of Alert messages. Turn the Data knob to display Alert messages.
Alert Displays Basic Concepts The display below indicates the internal battery used for memory backup is low, and needs to be replaced. Fly buddy must be returned for servicing to replace the battery before memory is lost. The alert message clears when the battery is replaced. 8.
Display Fields Basic Concepts Display Fields Fly buddy allows you to change (customize) the following 4 NAV displays: ¢ Tracksuit ® Bearing/Distance/Track/Ground Speed ° Underground Speed/Distance ° Desired Track/Distance/Flight Time/Bearing The Fly buddy display is divided into four 8 character fields. Some NAVY displays require one field, such as the Magnetic Track indicator. These displays may be placed in any of the four fields. Felt Some displays require 2 fields, such as the CDL.
Basic Concepts NAVY Displays NAV Displays In NAV mode, turning the Control knob displays the Nav pages depicted below, These are the default displays set at the factory. Displays listed as Custom may be customized (altered), and displays listed as Auto Nav may be included in the Auto Nav Scroll. For more information on Auto Nav Scroll, see Basic Concepts, Auto Nav Scroll (page B-43). For more information on customizing NAV displays, sce Basic Concepts, NAV Display Fields (page B-27).
NAV Displays Basic Concepts Desired Track/Distance/Flight Time Auto Nav/ Custom Dtk 238 Position (Latitude/Longitude) Pressing the NAV button when already in NAV mode, or pressing the NAV button twice when in another mode, displays the Nearest Way point page. .
Basic Concepts NAV Displays Interpreting NAV Displays Individual NAV displays and NAV fields are depicted and explained below. The top line shows the From and To identifiers for the current leg. In this example, the leg is from OKC ( Will Rogers Airport ) to TYR ( Tyler Ponds Airport ). The lower line displays the next way point after the current leg. In this example, the next way point is CEA. "FP*" only appears if a stored flight plan is active. Bty 253 The Magnetic Bearing display.
NAV Displays Basic Concepts each column of dots represents .05 nautical miles off course. The CDI automatically become more sensitive when the aircraft is within 1 mile of the selected course. ‘When manual sensitivity is in use, the bar is 2 dots high, and appears at the bottom of the Nav line instead of the middle of the line. If the bar is to the right of the symbolic aircraft, the desired course is to the right. The bummer, in this example 0.
Basic Concepts NAV Displays and To way points. The desired track is a magnetic bearing for the current leg, and is computed using the magnetic variation at the From way point. In the example the desired track is 235 degrees, and the distance between the way points is 97.8 nautical miles. Elapsed Flight Time display. The display shows the elapsed flight time since departure. In the example the elapsed time is {) hours, 32 minutes. T Lon 12 Latitude and Longitude display.
NAV Displays Basic Concepts distance are shown on the bottom line. Turn the Data (small) knob to scroll though the nearest way points. Turn the Control (large) knob or change modes to exit the Nearest Way point Listing. For more information, see Normal Procedures, Navigating to a Nearest Way point (Emergency Search) (page N 1).
Interpreting Database Information Basic Concepts Interpreting Database Information The Fly buddy database contains information concerning airports and Vars, Without an optional data card, the latitude and longitude of the way point is the only information available. With an optional data card, additional information is available. Also, with the data card, Nibs, Se abases, Heliports, and associated information is available.
Interpreting Database Information 'VOR Database Basic Concepts The following examples display information for the LAX VOR. LAX 33955.98N vor 118925 .87W pops to LAX Brg 14a3° §92nd LAX Latitude VOR database, Longitude Peasant position ¥ The following displays are only available with the optional data card. LAX CA USA LOS ANGELES LAX 113.60 NDB Database VOR State and Country is California, USA, VOR City is Loa Angola. VOR frequency ls 113.
Basic Concepts Flight Plans Flight Plans Flight plans are specific routes you may store in Fly buddy's memory. Each flight plan may contain up to 10 legs (11 breakpoints, and 10 flight plans may be stored. Flight plan identifiers and legs may be edited (altered). ‘When 10 flight plans are stored, you must delete one of the existing flight plans to create a new flight plan.
Flight Plans Basic Concepts An example of a leg of a flight plan is depicted below. From To The five status options are: Active: Activates the flight plan. Inactive: This deactivates the flight plan; however, the current leg remains in effect. This does not remove the flight plan from storage. Hold: This prevents the sequencing of legs in a flight plan. When the status is changed to active, the legs again sequence, Reverse: This reverses the order of the way points in the flight plan.
Basic Concepts Flight Plans Reverse/Active: This reverses the order of the way points in the flight plan, and activates the flight plan. The From/To/Next NAV page shows the way points as they are used in the active flight plan.
Basic Concepts Auto Nay Scroll Auto Nav Scroll This feature automatically displays each NAV (Navigation) page sequentially for a specified amount of time, from 1to 9 seconds. Two NAV pages, the From/To/Next page and the position (latitude/longitude) page, are not included in Auto Nav scroll. To select the amount of time each page is displayed, please refer to SYS Mode, Setting the Auto Nav Scroll Time (page S 35). Auto Nav scroll is started in NAV mode by pressing ENT.
Basic Concepts LORN Data LORN Data The location of the aircraft is calculated by receiving radio waves from several ground-based transmitters in a LORN . chain. Data concerning the LORN signal for each station in the chain is displayed in SYS mode. A separate page is displayed for each station. Normally, this information is useful only to technicians.
Basic Concepts Alternate Solution Alternate Solution LORN lines of position intersect at two locations. As a result, there are two possible position solutions 10 the unit's calculations. Normally, the unit is able to determine which solution is the correct one; however, on rare occasions, the unit may display the wrong solution. The error is usually easily recognized because considerable magnitude.
How To Use This Section The Action (left) column depicts the steps involved in each procedure. This column can be used by itself as a quick reference for pilots already familiar with the unit. The Explanation (right) column contains an explanation of each step, and a sample of the LCD display that results after completing the step. Depicts the mode the unit is in after completing the step. In this example, the unit is in §YS (System) mode. Action Explanation 5.
Fly buddy First Flight First Flight F-1 Start-Up . F-1 Direct Navigation . F-3 Gris (LORN Chains) F-7 Composite Continental U.S. LORN Coverage . . F-8 U.S. and Canadian Nonrecoverable .
Fly buddy First Flight First Flight WARNING Before routinely using Fly buddy in the air, you should be quite familiar with its operation. Federal Aviation Regulations require pilots to practice SEE AND AVOID. It is therefore critical you do NOT study this manual whiles flying. R is recommended your thirst flight be made during good weather in a low traffic area. Otis important you understand leatherette First Flight section before you fly.
First Flight Buddy 2. Pressing SYS places the uniting SYS 4. (SEL (System) mode. The WARN message page is displayed. WARN messages are displayed until the chosen GRI is acquired, and the unit is tracking the required . stations. SYS Turn the Control (large) knob to display the GRI page. Pressing SEL causes a cursor (line) to appear, allowing you to change the GIRL.
Buddy First Flight 6. The GRIN s entered. ) Direct Navigation This procedure is used to fly directly to a way point stored in the Airport (tarp, VOR, NDB, or User database. Warning Be sure the WARN light is out before proceeding. Action Explanation L @ The unit is in NAV mode, and the Direct-To page is ready for way point entry. The cursor is under the first character in the way point identifier. The current database is shown in the lower-left corner.
First Flight 3. Data knob i@ 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 as required. Fly buddy Turn the Data (small) knob to display either the vor, ndb, rapt (airport), or user database. Turn the Control (large) knob to move the cursor under the first character in the way point identifier. NAV Enter Dlr te Wpt vor . aBB. Turn the Data (small) knob to select the first character in the way point identifier. NAV Enter Ditto Wot vor Page Select the remaining characters in the way point identifier.
Fly buddy @) First Flight A direct course to the way point is entered. The Control knob is used to change NAV pages. See Basic Concepts—Interpreting Nav Displays (page interpret the navigation information.
Fly buddy First Flight Gris (LORN Chains) VFR coverage areas for North American chains are depicted on the next three pages. Below is a list of all the chains Fly buddy Plus recognizes. For information on coverage areas outside of North America, refer to the LORN Reference Guide (part # 560 0063). US West Coast 9940 North Central US. .. 8290 {New Chain Scheduled to be fully operational Spring 1991) South Central US. ..
Buddy First Flight U.8. and Canadian LORN Coverage 1200 e U.S. West Coast GRI 9940 North Central U.S, GRI 8290 South Central U.S.
First Flight Buddy Ll W 5930 Labrador Sea GRI 7930 Canadian West Coast GRI 5990 o . Southeast U.S. GRI 7980 Northeast U.S.
How To Use This Section The Action (left) column depicts the steps involved in each procedure. This column can be used by itself as a quick reference for pilots already familiar with the unit. The Explanation (right) column contains an explanation of each step, and a sample of the LCD display that results after completing the step. Depicts the mode the unit is in after completing the step. In this example, the unit is in DB (Database) mode. Action Explanation L (8) The unit is in DB mode. Turn the ‘\@5 Cont
Fly buddy Normal Procedures Navigating to a Nearest Way point (Emergency Search) . . N-1 Using the From/To /Next NAV Page (Lightweight) N-3 Finding a Disappointing N-7 Searching by Identifier N-7 Searching by City Name Displaying Way point Information . N-10 Flight Plans . N-11 Entering INFO on a Flight Plan . .N-16 EditingaFlightPlan . . N-18 Deleting or Inserting a Way point . N-20 Changing Flight Plan Status (Activating a Flight Plan) . .. N-25 Counterpoints .. N-27 Creating a User Way point . .. ..
Normal Procedures Navigating to & Nearest Way point Listing Navigating to a Nearest Way point (Emergency Search) Fly buddy locates the ten nearest airports, § nearest Vars, and the 5 nearest user way points. With the data card, the 5 nearest Nibs are also displayed. Action Explanation 1 @@ In NAV mode, press the Nav button again to activate the Nearest ‘Way point Listing. The nearest airport is displayed.
Navigating to a Nearest Warpaint Listing Normal Procedures airport. I no user way points exist, they will not be displayed. Only way points within 600 nm are displayed. 3 (D The page for entering the way point identifier appears. The editing function is active; however the selected way point identifier is already displayed. The Nearest ‘Way point Listing is no longer active. NAV Enter Dir to wpt ver . gvo 4, (tent) A direct course to the way point is entered.
Navigating to a Nearest Warpaint Listing Normal Procedures airport. I no user way points exist, they will not be displayed. Only way points within 600 nm are displayed. 3 (D The page for entering the way point identifier appears. The editing function is active; however the selected way point identifier is already displayed. The Nearest ‘Way point Listing is no longer active. NAV Enter Dir to wpt ver . gvo 4, (tent) A direct course to the way point is entered.
Normal Procedures Using the From/To/Next NAV Page Using the From/To /Next NAV Page (Two Leg Flight) This procedure is used 1o enter a way point stored in one of the databases as the From, To, or Next way point. In the sample displays shown in this procedure, a new From way point is entered. The same method is used to enter a new To or Next way point. The From/To/Next NAV page automatically displays the current leg when a Flight Plan is active. Action Explanation 1.
Using the From/To/Next NAV Page Normal Procedures ‘@ ‘Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the desired identifier, NAV EVO to PDX Turn the Data knob. The page allowing entry of the identifier appears. (If "direct" was the previous From way point identifier, question marks appear in place of the database name, and the cursor is under the question marks--in which case skip step S.) NAV Ent ‘é'r. From Wpt rapt ° ¢vo Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the database name.
Normal Procedures 9. Repeat step 8. Using the From/To/Next NAV Page Tara the Control knob to move the cursor under the way point identifier. NAV Enter From Wp vor. Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the way point identifier. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character. NAV Enter From Wpt vor ‘LAA Choose the remaining characters in the way point identifier. Press ENT to enter the way point.
Normal Procedures Finding a Way point in DB Mode Finding a Way point in DB Mode These procedures are used to display a way point contained in one of the databases. After displaying the way point, pressing the INFO button displays information on the way point, or pressing the Direct-To button allows entry of the displayed way point as the To way point. When flying directly to a way point, it is not necessary to display the way point in DB mode.
Finding a Way point in DB Mode Normal Procedures 3. N Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the way point identifier. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character. DB __ CAE enter ¥o dent 4. Repeat step 3. Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to ENT activate the search. The way point is displayed. DB CBM 38938 49N “8B26 . 31W V.
Normal Procedures Finding a Way point in DB Mode Searching by City Name Airports, Se abases, and Heliports may be displayed alphanumerically by city name. Action Explanation L (oB) @@i 2 (sEL ) In DB mode, turn the Control knob to display the desired City Search database . DB AB2 Hell BG GAN ACTIVE PASS Pressing SEL activates the search function, DB AB2 Hell BC CAN ACTIVE PASS Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the way point identifier.
Finding & Warpaint In DB Mode Normal Procedures 4. Repeat step 3. ENT Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to activate the search. The way point is displayed. DB 106 “hell KY USA WINCHESTER Note The small knob may also be used to scroll through all of the way points in the selected database in alphanumeric order by city; however, this is normally impractical due to the large size of the databases. Displaying Way point Information Action 1.
Normal Procedures Flight Plans Flight Plans Creating a Flight Plan For more information on flight plans, see Basic Concepts, . Flight Plans, (page B 39). Action Explanation L s In FPL mode, turn the Control knob to display the page for naming a new flight plan. This page does not appear if the maximum of 10 flight plans already exist. FPL Press 'SEL' to name ‘flight Plan . 2. @ Pressing SEL displays the page for entering the flight plan name. The identifier may contain a maximum of six characters.
Flight Plans 4. Repeat step 3. Normal Procedures Choose the remaining characters in the name. Press ENT to enter the flight plan name. FPL Pressing SEL displays the page for entering the From identifier for the leg. The leg number and database name appear on the bottom line. FPL 6. If necessary, turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the database name. FPL 7. Turn the Data knob to display the desired database.
Normal Procedures Repeat step 9. ENT Fight Slang Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the space for the first identifier character. FPL Turn the Data knob to display the desired character. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor to the next space. i e FPL PAE. : Avior Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to enter the identifier as the From way point for the leg. The cursor moves to the space for the To identifier.
13. Notional Procedures If necessary, turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the database name. FPL Turn the Data knob to display the database for the second way point. FPL Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the identifier space. . FPL _ 14. Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the identifier. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character.
Normal Procedures Flight Plans 15. Repeat step 14. Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to enter the identifier in the flight plan. The cursor is under the character space . for the way point in the second leg. The database for the identifier appears on the bottom line, right. _ ___FRL SILVER to ze-. 2 user o part 16. Repeat steps Choose the identifiers for the 11-15. remaining legs. A maximum of 10 legs (11 way points) may be entered. FPL WIF part spry 17.
Fight Slang 18. Normal Procedures Turn the Data knob to view the various legs, the main Flight Plan page, and the Status page. Leg four of the flight plan is depicted below. FPL to DAG 42 107n0m Entering INFO on a Flight Plan This procedure is used to enter information on a stored flight plan. Any desired changes can be made later using the same procedure. Action Explanation In FPL mode, turn the Control knob to display the desired flight plan. FPL COAST .
Normal Procedures 3.@ 5. Repeat step Flight Plans Pressing SEL activates the editing function, causing a cursor to appear on an otherwise blank page. FPL Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the information to be entered. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor to the next space. FPL Choose the remaining characters in the information. Press ENT to store the information. FPL ZOLOFT OVER WILD LIFE BY PAG CITY Press INFO to exit the information function.
Flight Plans Normal Procedures Editing a Flight Plan Action Explanation In FPL mode, turn the Control . knob to display the Flight Plan robe changed. Turn the Data knob to display the leg to be edited. Pressing SEL activates the editing function. The database for the From way point is displayed to the right of the leg number on the bottom line. The database for the To way point is display on the far right, bottom line.
Normal Procedures Flight Plans Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the desired database name. FrL ‘ s43 gar pt rapt Turn the Data knob to display the desired database. Turn the Control knob to nave the cursor under the way point identifier. Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the identifier. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character.
Flight Plans 8. Repeat step 7. G Normal Procedures Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to save the changes, FPL Deleting or Inserting a Way point Action L @D Explanation In FPL mode, turn the Control knob to display the desired flight plan. _FPL Turn the Data knob to display the leg that is to be deleted or have a new way point inserted as the To way point.
Normal Procedures S.@ Flight Plans Pressing SEL activates the editing function, The database for the From way point is displayed to the right of the leg number on the bot torn line. The database for the To way point is display on the far right, bottom line. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the To way point identifier. FPL $30 to EUG 3 prats oar pt Turn the Data knob to display “insert" if inserting a way point or "deli" if deleting the way point from the flight plan.
Flight Plans Normal Procedures 6. @ If deleting, the way point is deleted from the flight plan, The sample display below only appears if a warpaint is being inserted. If necessary, turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the To way point database name. FPL 8. = Turn the Data knob to display the . desired database. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the first identifier character.
Normal Procedures Flight Plans Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the identifier. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character. 11. Repeat step 10. Choose the remaining characters in the identifier. Press ENT to enter ENT the new leg. Deleting a Flight Plan This procedure is used to delete a stored flight plan, and all of the legs and information it contains. Action Explanation In FPL mode, turn the Control knob to display the flight plan to be deleted.
Fight Plans Z.@ 3.@ Normal Procedures Pressing SEL activates the editing function. FPL The flight plan is deleted. The next flight plan in alphanumeric order is displayed. . FPL WORK ~ 51.
Normal Procedures Fight Plans Changing Flight Plan Status (Activating a Flight Plan) This procedure is used to change the status of a stored flight plan. The five status options are Hold, Inactive, Active, Reverse/active, and Reverse. For more information on flight plan status, see Basic Concepts, Flight Plans, (page B 39). Action Explanation In FPL mode, tarn the Control knob to display the desired flight plan. FPL ISLAND: 165nm BLI ~ to ELN N 2. Turn the Data knob to display the Status page.
Flight Plans Normal Procedures 4, Turn the Data knob to display the D desired status. The new status is entered.
Normal Procedures User Pollutants User Way points Creating a User Way point . For more information on User way points, see Basic Concepts, User Database, (page B 2). Action l.@ Explanation In DB, turn the Control knob to display the User database. If the User database is empty (contains no breakpoints, the "open” way point page appears (shown in step 2). This page is used to create a new way point. It is unnecessary to complete step 2 if the open way point page is now displayed.
User Way points s (58 Normal Procedures Pressing SEL activates editing, The present latitude/longitude is assigned to the way point. DB #£000 . edit Hint If you want to quickly establish a way point as you fly over a position, you may choose to accept the automatically assigned numerical identifier instead of naming the way point. Pressing ENT at this point in the procedure eliminates the need to execute steps 4 and Repeat step 4.
Normal Procedures User Way points of the way point, it is not necessary to edit the position coordinates (latitude/longitude). Press ENT when the display is correct. The way point is stored, and the open way point page appears. Editing a User Way point This procedure is used to change the identifier or latitude/longitude coordinates of a way point in the User database. Action . 1. Explanation 1n DB mode, turn the Control knob to display the User database.
User Way points Normal Procedures Pressing SEL activates the search feature. Use the Data and Control knobs to display the desired identifier. Press ENT to display the way point. DB SPIRIT 36016.76N user 122905.50W Pressing SEL twice activates the editing function. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the character to be changed. Turn the Data knob to display the desired character. DB 11T edit Pressing ENT stores the changes in the User database.
Normal Procedures User Way points Deleting a User Way point Action Explanation In DB mode, turn the Control knob SEL display the User database. (If the open way point page is displayed, turn the Data knob to display any User way point. If the desired way point is displayed, skip step 2.) DB SPIRIT user. 122907.50W Pressing SEL activates the search feature. Use the Data and Control knobs to display the desired identifier. Press ENT to display the way point.
User Way points Normal Procedures 4. @ The way point is deleted. The next User way point in the database is displayed, and the search feature is activated. @ Entering/Editing INFO on a User Way point There are two INFO pages for each User way point. The first page may not be edited. Action Explanation mode, turn the Control knob . to display the User database. (If the open way point page is displayed, turn the Data knob to display any User way point. If the desired way point is displayed, skip step 2.
Normal Procedures User Way paints Pressing SEL activates the search feature. Use the Data and Control knobs to display the desired identifier, Press ENT to display the way point. DB HELM User The first INFO page appears. This page may not be edited. The bearing and distance appear on the bottom line. The arrow shows the approximate relative bearing to the way point. The arrow only appears if the ground speed is 20 knots or more. The DB light flashes while the INFO function is active. DB P Poss .
User Pollutants 5. (SeL) 6. 6. Repeat step 6. Normal Procedures Pressing SEL activates the editing function. DB Turn the Data knob to display the first character in the information. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the next character position. DB S$. Chase the remaining characters in the information. Press ENT when the display is correct. DB SPIRIT LAKE MT ST HE LENS Press INFO to exit the information function. The DB light stops flashing and remains on.
Normal Procedures Starting Auto Nav Scroll Starting/Stopping Auto Nav Scroll For an explanation of Auto Nav Scroll, see Basic Concepts--Auto Nav Scroll! (page B 43), To Adjust the amount of time each page is displayed, see SYS Mode, Setting Auto Nav Time (page S 35). Action Explanation 1. (Nav Display any page in NAV mode. 2. (ENT Auto Nav Scroll is started. To stop the scroll, press SEL or ENT or turn either knob.
Normal Procedures Displaying the Alternate Solution Displaying the Alternate Solution This procedure is used to manually select the alternate latitude and longitude solution, For an explanation of Alternate Solution, see Basic Concepts Alternate Solution (page B 47). Action Explanation L (nav) In NAV mode, turn the Control knob to display the Position (latitude/longitude) page. NAV Lat: 0 39980 00N Lon 085240 00W ) Pressing SEL displays the alternate solution, if one is available. NAV tat? Lon?2 7106902 .
How To Use This Section The Action (left) column depicts the steps involved in each procedure. This column can be used by itself as a quick reference for pilots already familiar with the unit. The Explanation (right) column contains an explanation of each step, and a sample of the LCD display that results after completing the step. Depicts the mode the unit is in after completing the step. In this example, the unit is in SYS (System) mode. Action L {ENT Explanation Turn the Data knob to select the GRI.
Fly buddy System Mode Displaying WARN Messages Displaying Alert Messages .. S$-3 GRI, Triad, and Coloradan Entertaining S-5 Manual Triad Selection . . 5-6 Displaying Coloradan . 5-8 Gris (LORN Chains) Composite Continental U.S. Nonrecoverable . . $-10 U.S. and Canadian Nonrecoverable . S-11 Manually Adjusting CDI Sensitivity . . $-13 Setting the Arrival Alert Radius . . Manually Adjusting Magnetic Variation . Ground Speed Selection .
SYS Mode Displaying WARN Messages Displaying WARN Messages The Warn page is the first page displayed when entering SYS mode if the WARN light is on. If the WARN light is off, this page does not appear. For an explanation of Warn messages, see Basic Concepts — Warn Displays (page B 21). Warning Do not navigate with the unit when the WARN light is on. Action Explanation 1. (8YS In SYS mode, the Warn page is displayed (provided the WARN light is on). svs 5. Warn Messages Turn Small knob. R 2.
SYS Mode Displaying ALERT Messages Displaying Alert Messages The Alert page is the first page displayed when entering SYS mode if the ALERT light is on; however, if the WARN light is also on, the Warn page appears before the Alert page. If the Alert light is off, the Alert page does not appear. For an explanation of Alert messages, see Basic Concepts, Alert Messages (page B 25). Action Explanation L (&vS) Quinsy mode, tarn the Control knob \ (if necessary) to display the Alert page.
SYS Mode GRI, Triad, and LORN Data GRI, Triad, and LORN Data Coverage areas for North American Gris are shown at the end of this section (page S 9). For coverage areas outside of North America, refer to Il Morrow’s LORN Reference Guide (part # 560-0063). Entering a New GRI Action Explanation L (5v8) ey Incommode, turn the Control knob (if necessary) to display the GRI page. 2. (SEL function. 3. @ Turn the Data knob to select the GRI.
GRI, Triad, and LORN Data SYS Mode Manual Triad Selection Normally, auto (automatic) triad selection should be used, but there may be occasions when manual triad selection will be needed. Action Explanation L E® Quinsy mode, turn the Control knob to display the GRI page. NORTHEAST US 2. 2= Turn the Data knob to display the triad page. 3 Pressing SEL enables the editing @ function.
SYS Mode 4. GRI, Triad, and LORN Data Turn the Data knob to display "manual®. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the character representing the first secondary in the triad. Triad manual MwY _MwXYz Turn the Data knob to display the desired secondary. Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the character representing the other secondary in the triad.
GR, Trad, and LORN Data 8YS Mode 7. @E (&m) Turn the Data knob to display the desired secondary. Press ENT to enter the new triad. To return to auto triad selection, repeat this procedure, selecting press ENT. Secondary selection does not apply when auto triad selection is in use. _SY§ Trl manual MXW L MWXY.Z: Displaying LORN Data Action Explanation Incommode, turn the Control knob (if necessary) to display the GRI page. SYS GRI 960 NORTHEAST US: Turn the Data knob to display the LORN data pages.
SYS Mode Gri, Triad, and LORN Data Gris (LORN Chains) VFR coverage areas for North American chains are depicted on the next three pages. Below is a list of all the chains Fly buddy Plus recognizes. For information on coverage areas outside of North America, refer to the LORN Reference Guide (part # 560 0063). US. West Coast . 9940 Centralizers, . .. 8290 {New Chain Scheduled to be fully operational Spring 1991) Southeastern. ..
SYS Mods Gii, Triad, and LORN Data U.S. and Canadian LORN Coverage U.8. West Coast GRI 9940 North Central U.S. GRI §290 100W South Central U.5.
Gri, Triad, and LORN Data SYS Mode Ead £ Canadian East Coast Labrador Sea GRI 7930 Canadian West Coast Southeast U.S. GRI 7980 Northeast U.
SYS Mode Manually Adjusting CDI Sensitivity Manually Adjusting CDI Sensitivity 1f automatic CDI sensitivity is not desired, use this procedure to manually adjust the sensitivity. When manual sensitivity . sinusitis, the deviation bar on the CDI display is two dots high, and is at the bottom of the display line, For more information on CDI sensitivity, see Basic Concepts—Interpreting NAV Displays (page B 31). Action Explanation 8YS mode, turn the Control knob @?ij to display the CDI Sensitivity page.
Manually Adjusting CDI Sensitivity SYS Mode 4 Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the desired character in the nautical miles per mark setting, i SYS CDI Sensitivity: man Set the desired value using the Data and Control knobs. Press ENT to enter the new value. To return to automatic sensitivity, repeat this procedure choosing "auto”. Sensitivity .
SYS Mode Setting the Arrival Alert Radius Setting the Arrival Alert Radius The ALERT light flashes upon entering the Arrival Alert radius of the To way point, and automatically clears when departing the radius. The default radius is 1.00nm, and may be adjusted between 0.10nm and 9.99nm. Action Explanation L (§vs) Quinsy mode, turn the Control knob N/ to display the Arrival Alert page. 2. @ Pressing SEL activates the editing function. Set the desired value using the Data and Control knobs.
8YS Mode Manually Adjusting Magnetic Variation Manually Adjusting Magnetic Variation Fly buddy automatically accounts for magnetic variation when computing bearings and tracks. If desired, this procedure is used to manually enter the magnetic variation. Action Explanation 1. @ Quinsy mode, turn the Control knob O to display the Mag Variation page. i SYS _ Mag Variation auto 20%E 2.
Manually Adjusting Magnetic Variation SYS Mode @ 4, o Display the desired variation value using the Control and Data knobs. Press ENT to enter the setting. To return to "auto” variation, repeat this procedure, selecting "auto”.
SY$ Mode Ground Speed Lactation Ground Speed Selection This procedure is used to choose the units for grand speed displays. The selections are kis (knots), mph (miles per . hour), or kph (kilometers per hour). The default setting is kis. Action 2 (gEL 3. Explanation In SYS Mode, turn the Control knob to display the Ground speed selection page. svs Pressing SEL activates the editing function. Turn the Data knob to display the desired Ground speed units. Press ENT to save the selection.
§YS Mode Latitude/Longitude Calibration Latitude/Longitude Calibration This procedure is used 10 calibrate the unit to a known latitude/longitude. Normally, position errors are so slight they are insignificant; however, if highly precise navigation is required, the unit may be calibrated. When the unit is powered-up with calibration factors entered, the display below appears as a reminder. Press any button to continue. Explanation In SYS mode, turn the Control knob to display the LL Calibration page.
Latitude/Longitude Calibration $YS Mode 4. Repeat Step 3. ENT Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the value to be changed. Tara the Data knob to display the desired value. The maximum adjustment allowed is minutes. SYS Edit other values as required. Press ENT to save the changes. To remove calibration factors, set the latitude/longitude calibration to +0.00. to.
SYS Mode Displaying Software and Database Version Displaying Software and Database Version If you need to call your dealer or the factory about a problem, it will be helpful if you write down your units’ version number a described on these pages. A form is provided in the Troubleshooting section. Action Explanation @ 1. @ Incommode, turn the Control knob 10 display the SW Vera (Software Version) page. SYS P~ 2, Turn the Data knob to display the TD Sensor SW Vera page. SYSOPS e 3.
8YS Mode Activating the Display Test Activating the Display Test Action Explanation In SYS mode, turn the Control knob to display the Test page. SYS To test display coo Press TENT! Pressing ENT activates the test.
SYS Mode Owner Information Owner Information Fly buddy allows the owner to input up to three and one-half pages of personal information. This is designed to . discourage theft. The information may not be changed without the proper six letter password, also entered by the owner. Eatery of this information is optional, but highly recommended. Caution To change the owner information, you must remember your password. The password can only be cleared by II Morrow technicians.
Owner Information $YS Mode After 3 seconds the display below appears. SYS Turn the Data knob to select the first character in the password, turn the Control knob to move the cursor to the next character space. Characters are not displayed after the cursor is moved. To review the characters, turn the Control knob. SYS Press ENT. The screen below is displayed for 3 seconds. After 3 seconds the display below appears.
SYS Mode Owner information Use the Data and Control knobs to confirm your password. Pressing ENT saves the password. (If a mistake is made, Fly buddy will ask you to try again.) If the passwords match, the editing function is enabled. The display below appears for 3 seconds, After 3 seconds, the display below appears, sys Pressing SEL activates editing.
Owner information 10.Repeat steps 7 SYS Mode Turn the Data and Control knobs to select characters, Press ENT to save the information. $YS Turn the Data knob to display other owner information pages. SYS Enter the Owner Address, Owner through 9. Phone Number, and Owner Aircraft Number displays. SYS Editing Owner Information Owner information is protected by a password that you choose. To activate the owner information editing function, the password must be entered exactly.
Owner information Explanation Quinsy mode, turn the Control knob to display the Owner Name page. SYS. The password must be entered to enable editing. After pressing SEL, The display below appears for 3 seconds. SY$ After 3 seconds the display below appears. _SY5 Turn the Data knob to select the first character in the password, turn the Control knob to move the cursor to the next character space.
Cowrie Information SYS Mode Characters selected are not displayed after the cursor is moved. To review the characters, turn the Control knob. sYs Pressing ENT enters the password. (If an incorrect password is entered, Fly buddy will ask you to try again.) If the correct password is entered, the display below appears for 3 seconds. editing enabled After 3 seconds the Owner Name page is displayed. SYS Turn Data knob to display the Owner information page to be edited.
8Y8 Mode Owner Formation 6. Pressing SEL activates editing. Use the Data and Control knobs to edit the display. Press ENT to save the changes.
8YS Mode Setting the Auto Nav Scroll Time Setting the Auto Nav Scroll Time Each NAV page may be displayed from 1 to 9 seconds during Auto Nav Scroll. Action Explanation In SYS mode, turn the Control knob to display the Automaton time page. _svs 2 secondhand Pressing SEL activates the editing function. SYS_ Automaton time Linus conductance Turn the Data knob to display the desired value. Press ENT to enter the value.
SY$ Mode NAV Mode Display Customizing NAVY Mode Display Customizing Navigation displays may be customized by the pilot. Fly buddy displays are divided into four different fields, and each Navigate requires either one or two fields. For more information, refer to Basic Concepts, Display Fields (page B 27). Customizing NAV Displays Action Explanation L (sys In SAYS Mode, turn the Control U knob to display the Nav mode programming page. I 8Y8 i v display Programming pgs 2.
NAV Mods Display Customizing SYS Mode Turn Control knob to move the cursor under the field to be = changed. Turn the Data knob to display the desired Nav information. 4 S.Repeat step 4. Edit other fields as necessary. Press @ ENT to save the changes. Restoring Default Nav Pages This procedure is used to restore customized Nav displays to their default (factory) configuration. Default pages are listed in Basic Concepts--Interpreting Nav Displays (page B 29). Action Explanation 1.
$YS Mode *® NAV Mode Display Customizing Turn Data knob to display the restore page. Pressing ENT restores the default Nav Pages.
SYS Mode Setting the Countdown Timer Setting the Countdown Timer The countdown timer can be set in hours, minutes, and seconds. When the timer reaches 00:00:00 the ALERT light flashes. After viewing the alert in SYS mode, the alert clears. A maximum time of 99:59:59 may be entered. Note The timer does not display every second as it counts down. Action Explanation In SYS mode, turn the Control knob to display the Countdown Timer page. The setting that was last used appears. — .
Setting the Countdown Timer SYS Mode 3. o Turn the Control knob to move the cursor under the hours, minutes, or seconds setting, Display the desired values using the Data and Control knobs. Press ENT to start the timer.
Fly buddy Troubleshooting Troubleshooting To Ensure Trouble Free Operation Avoid high cockpit temperatures when the aircraft is not in use. Extreme heat shortens the life of any electronic equipment. Periodically check all antenna, power, and ground connections. Caution DO NOT clean the face plate with chemical cleaning agents, solvents, or harsh detergents. A mild detergent solution and a soft cloth may be used to clean the face plate. DO NOT wax or paint the antenna.
Troubleshooting Fly buddy Difficulty Report If your unit is malfunctioning, iry to record the information below before contacting the factory or dealer. The best information you can provide is better than nothing. The Latitude & Longitude where the problem occurred? Serial Number (on back of unit)? Software Version? (See SYS Mode, Displaying Software and Database Version, page S 23.) Database Date? (See SYS Mode, Displaying Software and Database Version, page S 23.
(Same as above). Fly buddy Troubleshooting IN-FLIGHT Indication Problem @ Wainwright If flying through clouds, rain, snow, Displayed Warn etc., the likely problem is message is precipitation static (P-STAT). "Low SIR" Action After landing inspect (or install) static wicks per aircraft manufacturers specifications. Also, check the static bonding straps on all control surfaces, If the problem continues, skin mapping may be necessary. . Problem (Same as above).
Troubleshooting Fly buddy IN-FLIGHT (CONT.) Indication WARN light is on. Displayed Warn message is " Degraded Accuracy.” WARN light is on, Displayed Warn message is "Station not found.” WARN light is on. Displayed message is "Station has blink," Problem Flying over a LORN transmitter may cause the WARN light to come on temporarily. Action Fly away from transmitter. Problem A station the unit is tracking has gone off the air temporarily . Action Wait a few minutes; the station will normally come back on.
Buddy Troubleshooting Indication Problem The WARN light is The unit is malfunctioning. on and the Warn message is "TD Sensor Failure," Action Return to dealer for service. Problem Bearing and Mistake was made in entering the distance displays Latitude/Longitude coordinates of appear to be wrong. a User way point, or the wrong way point is selected. Action Verify that coordinates of the User way point are accurate. Check the hemispheric identifier, Check the "From" and "To" way points.
Troubleshooting Fly buddy Indication Problem Triad does not Poor LOP crossing angles, or weak select automatically. signals. Action Select best triad manually, then reset to automatic selection. Problem Present Position The Alternate Solution is display appears to displayed. be wrong. Action Select the other solution. See Normal Procedures, Displaying the Alternate Solution (page N 37). Hint Verify your position by activating the Nearest ‘Way point Listing.
Buddy Troubleshooting ON THE GROUND Indication Problem WARN light stays ‘Wrong GRI is selected. on after power-up. Action Change to appropriate Groin SYS mode. Problem (Same as above). Required secondary is shut down. Action Check LORN signals in SYS mode to see if unit is receiving signals from each station. Verify the unit is using the appropriate triad. Select another GRI or triad (if available). Problem (Same as above). Signal is weak due to distance from transmitters. Action Check signal levels.
Troubleshooting Fly buddy ON THE GROUND (CONT.) Indication Problem WARN light stays Aircraft may be parked near on after power-up something interfering with the (continued). signal (APU, hanger, high-voltage lines). Action Move the aircraft. The unit usually does not work inside a hanger. ‘WARN light is on Noise generated from the aircraft after run-up. alternator or magneto. Action Contact II Morrow dealer or factory.
Appendix Glossary Glossary ACCURACY, ABSOLUTE: A measure of the ability to determine true geographic position (Latitude and Longitude). ACCURACY, REPEATABLE: A measure of the ability to RETURN to a specific position or location, ACQUISITION: The process of "locating” the LORN signal among background noise, and then tracking the signal. ALTERNATE SOLUTION: There are two solutions to the Loan's calculations. Normally the unit automatically displays the correct solution.
Glossary Appendix LORN coverage area, separate from all of the transmitter stations. CROSSING ANGLE: The angle formed by two intersecting Lops (Lines of Position). CROSS-RATE INTERFERENCE: Signal interference caused by over-lapping coverage areas from two or more LORN chains. CROSS TRACK DISTANCE: The distance, left or right, away from the desired course. CYCLE SELECTION: The process of determining the correct cycle of the 100 kHz carrier to track for Time Difference measurement.
Appendix Glossary GEOMETRIC DILUTION OF PRECISION (DOPING: A factor used to express all geometric causes of error in a fix. GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE: The shortest distance between points along the curved surface of the earth. GROUND WAVE: A radio wave that travels near or along the Earth’s surface. GROUP REPETITION INTERVAL (GRIN: The number used to identify a particular LORN chain. The four digit number indicates the time coded delay.
Glossary Appendix SEARCH: The process of finding and sorting the 100 kHz carrier wave signals. SECONDARY STATIONS: The two to five secondary transmitting stations in a LORN chain which transmit in sequence at fixed, predetermined, intervals, Secondary Stations transmit groups of pulses that are used to determine the position of the receiver. SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNEER: The ratio of the LORN signal level to the level of background noise.
Buddy Index Index Data card A See Optional Data card Alert Messages B-25 | B-27 Displaying $-3 | Display Test Alienate Solution ..B 47 Activating $-25 Displaying N-37 | Displays B-9 Arrival Alert Radius LCD B-9 Setting . F Auto Nav Scroll . First F-1 Starting Direct Navigation ..F-3 Time Setting Start-Up .supervenes F-1 C Flight Plans . N-11,B -39 CDI Sensitivity Changing Status .. .N-25 Adjusting 5-13 | Creating Deleting Controls B-9 Deleting/Inserting Buttons . a Way point N-20 Control Knob .
Index Buddy I Navigating to Nearest Interpreting Database Way point Information (Emergency Search) N 1 Database Navigation Displays Duplicate NDB Interpreting B-31 Identifiers B-38 Heliport Database NDB Database Se abase Database .B 38 Nearest Way point .. B-33 o VOR Database | Operating L Displaying Pages .. B17 Editing B-18 Latitude/Longitude . §-21 Pages Calibration §-21 Searching Lights vvvoeeenn. B-9 Databases B-19 Alert Light .. B-13 | Optional Data card B-5 Mode Lights . .B-14 Airport Database ..
Fly buddy Index U User Way points N-27 Creating N-27 N-31 Editing N-29 Entering/Editing N-32 w ‘Warn Messages B-21 Displaying S-1 Receiver Warn Messages B-21 ‘Way point Search City Name N-9 Identifier N-7 Displaying Way point N-10 January 1931 -3
