G950 ™ Integrated Flight Deck Pilot’s Guide ™ G950 Pilot’s Guide Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street Olathe, KS 66062, U.S.A. p:913.397.8200 f:913.397.8282 Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House, Bulls Copse Road Houndsdown Business Park Southampton, SO40 9RB, U.K. p:44/0870.8501241 f:44/0870.8501251 Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan p:886/02.2642.9199 f:886/02.2642.9099 www.garmin.com Tecnam P2006T Garmin AT, Inc.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ENGINE INDICATION SYSTEM AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX
Copyright © 2010 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. This manual reflects the operation of System Software version 0935.01 or later. Some differences in operation may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to earlier or later software versions. Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 Garmin AT, Inc., 2345 Turner Road SE, Salem, OR 97302, U.S.A. Tel: 503/391.3411 Fax: 503/364.
Limited Warranty LIMITED WARRANTY This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for two years from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts and labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost.
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes WARNING: Navigation and terrain separation must NOT be predicated upon the use of the terrain avoidance feature. The terrain avoidance feature is NOT intended to be used as a primary reference for terrain avoidance and does not relieve the pilot from the responsibility of being aware of surroundings during flight. The terrain avoidance feature is only to be used as an aid for terrain avoidance. Terrain data is obtained from third party sources.
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes WARNING: The United States government operates the Global Positioning System and is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The GPS system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Portions of the Garmin G950 utilize GPS as a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID). Therefore, as with all NAVAIDs, information presented by the G950 can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe.
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes CAUTION: The GDU 1040 PFD and GDU 1040 MFD displays use a lens coated with a special anti-reflective coating that is very sensitive to skin oils, waxes, and abrasive cleaners. CLEANERS CONTAINING AMMONIA WILL HARM THE ANTI-REFLECTIVE COATING. It is very important to clean the lens using a clean, lint-free cloth and an eyeglass lens cleaner that is specified as safe for anti-reflective coatings. CAUTION: The Garmin G950 does not contain any user-serviceable parts.
Revision Information Record of Revisions Part Number 190-01146-00 190-01146-00 Rev. A Revision A Date 2/10/10 Page Range Description i – I-6 Initial release for 9.15 software.
Table of Contents 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Section 1 System Overview Line Replaceable Units............................................ 2 Secure Digital (SD) Cards........................................ 6 System Power-up...................................................... 7 System Operation..................................................... 8 Display Operation. ........................................................ 8 G950 System Annunciations...........................................
Table of Contents 4.7 Abnormal Operation............................................ 115 Stuck Microphone..................................................... 115 COM Tuning Failure................................................... 115 Audio Panel Fail-safe Operation.................................. 115 PFD Failure (Reversionary Mode). .............................. 115 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Section 5 Flight Management Introduction..........................................................
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System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 1 System Overview • GDC 74A Air Data Computer (ADC) • GDU 1040 Multi Function Display (MFD) • GTX 33 Mode S Transponder • GMA 1347 Audio Panel with Integrated Marker Beacon Receiver • GRS 77 Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) • GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Units (IAU) • GMU 44 Magnetometer EIS • GDU 1040 Primary Flight Display (PFD) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 Integrated Flight Deck System presents flight instrumentation, position, navigation, com
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview 1.1 Line Replaceable Units AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • GDU 1040 (2) – The left-hand GDU is configured as a Primary Flight Display (PFD) and the right-hand GDU as a Multi Function Display (MFD). Both feature 10.4-inch LCD screens with 1024 x 768 resolution. The displays communicate with each other through a High-Speed Data Bus (HSDB) Ethernet connection. Each display is also paired with an Ethernet connection to an IAU.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW • GDC 74A (1) – The Air Data Computer (ADC) processes data from the pitot/static system and outside air temperature (OAT) sensor. The ADC provides pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, and OAT information to the G950 System, and it communicates with the primary IAU, displays, and AHRS using an ARINC 429 digital interface.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview GDU 1040 GMA 1347 GDU 1040 Audio Panel FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Primary Flight Display Reversionary Control Reversionary Control EIS Multi-Function Display G GDC 74A A Air Data Computer C r AUDIO PANEL & CNS No. 1 GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit FLIGHT MANAGEMENT System Inegration Processors I/O Processors VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS Glideslope GPS Output OAT Airspeed Altitude Vertical Speed Ve ed GRS 77 AHRS Attitude Rate of Turn Slip/Skid No.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS No. 2 GIA 63W Integrated Avionics Unit System Integration Processors I/O Processors VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS Glideslope System Integration Processors I/O Processors VHF COM VHF NAV/LOC GPS Glideslope (optional) FLIGHT MANAGEMENT KN 63 DME AUDIO PANEL & CNS No.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview 1.2 Secure Digital (SD) Cards FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Ensure the G950 System is powered off before inserting an SD card. NOTE: Refer to Appendix B for instructions on updating the aviation database. EIS The PFD and MFD data card slots use Secure Digital (SD) cards and are located on the upper right side of the display bezels. Each display bezel is equipped with two SD card slots.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.3 System Power-up FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Refer to Appendix A for system-specific annunciations and alerts. The G950 System is integrated with the aircraft electrical system and receives power directly from electrical busses. The PFD, MFD, and supporting sub-systems include both power-on and continuous built-in test features that exercise the processor, RAM, ROM, external inputs, and outputs to provide safe operation.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview 1.4 System Operation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The G950 system alerts the pilot when backup paths are utilized by the LRUs. Refer to the Appendices for further information regarding system-specific alerts. The displays are connected together via a single Ethernet bus for high-speed communication. As shown in Figure 1-1, each IAU is connected to the on-side display.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW If the system fails to detect a display problem, reversionary mode may be manually activated by pressing the display backup button installed in the cockpit. Pressing this button again deactivates reversionary mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview System Status FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The System Status Page displays the statuses, serial numbers, and software version numbers for all detected system LRUs. Active LRUs are indicated by green check marks; failed, by red ‘X’s. Failed LRUs should be noted and a service center or Garmin-authorized dealer informed. Viewing LRU information: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 2) To place the cursor in the ‘LRU Info’ Box, EIS a) Press the LRU Softkey.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pertinent information on all system databases is also displayed on this page. Refer to the Appendices and Additional Features sections for more information about databases. Viewing database information: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 2) To place the cursor in the ‘Database’ Box, a) Press the DBASE Softkey. Or: EIS a) Press the MENU Key. b) Highlight ‘Select Dbase Window’ and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW AHRS Operation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System Overview The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) performs attitude, heading, and vertical acceleration calculations for the G950 System, utilizing GPS, magnetometer, and air data in addition to information from its internal sensors. Attitude and heading information are updated on the PFD while the AHRS receives appropriate combinations of information from the external sensor inputs.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW GPS Receiver Operation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Each Integrated Avionics Unit (IAU) contains a GPS receiver. Internal system checking is performed to ensure both GPS receivers are providing accurate data to the PFD. When both GPS receivers are providing accurate data, the GPS receiver producing the better solution is used by the system. Information collected by the specified receiver (GPS1 for the #1 IAU or GPS2 for the #2 IAU) may be viewed on the AUX - GPS Status Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GPS sensor annunciations are most often seen after system power-up when one GPS receiver has acquired satellites before the other or one of the GPS receivers has not yet acquired an SBAS signal. While the aircraft is on the ground, the SBAS signal may be blocked by obstructions causing one GPS receiver to have difficulty acquiring a good signal.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW RAIM Prediction FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nautical miles for oceanic and enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview Predicting RAIM availability at present position 1) Select the GPS Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) If necessary, press the RAIM Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob. The ‘WAYPOINT’ field is highlighted. 4) Press the MENU Key. 5) With ‘Set WPT to Present Position’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 6) Press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry. EIS 7) Use the FMS Knob to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Estimated Position Uncertainty (EPU)—A statistical error indication; the radius of a circle centered on an estimated horizontal position in which actual position has 95% probability of lying FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP)—Measures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites received and where they are relative to each other) on a range from 0.0 to 9.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview 1.5 G950 Controls FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 controls have been designed to simplify operation of the system and minimize workload and the time required to access sophisticated functionality. Controls are located on the PFD and MFD bezels, and the Audio Panel. PFD and MFD controls and softkeys are discussed in this section.
System Overview 6 11 13 MENU Key 14 PROC Key 15 ENT Key 16 FMS Knob Erases information, cancels entries, or removes menus Press and hold to display the MFD Navigation Map Page (MFD only).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The NAV, CRS/BARO, COM, FMS, and ALT knobs are concentric dual knobs, each having small (inner) and large (outer) control portion. When a portion of the knob is not specified in the text, either may be used. Large (Outer) Knob Small (Inner) Knob EIS Figure 1-16 Dual Concentric Knob Softkey Function FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS The softkeys are located along the bottoms of the displays.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW PFD Softkeys The CDI, IDENT, TMR/REF, NRST, and ALERTS softkeys undergo a momentary change to black text on gray background and automatically switch back to white text on black background when selected. INSET TERRAIN OFF 360 HSI ARC HSI Displays the softkeys for selecting the two HSI formats Press to display the BARO setting as hectopacals HPA STD BARO 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview OBS Selects OBS mode on the CDI when navigating by GPS (only available with active leg) Cycles through GPS, VOR1, and VOR2 navigation modes on the CDI Displays the DME Tuning Window, allowing tuning and selection of the DME (optional) Displays transponder mode selection softkeys Selects standby mode (transponder does not reply to any interrogations) Selects Mode A (transponder replies to interrogations) Selects Mode C – altitude reporting mode (transponder replies to identi
DCLTR-2 DCLTR-2 to the top-level softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview MFD Softkeys FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS MFD softkeys vary depending on the page selected. EIS and Navigation Map Page (default MFD page) softkeys are described here. MAP AUTO DCLTR DCLTR-1 DEST EIS DCLTR-2 AUDIO PANEL & CNS DCLTR-3 TOPO TRAFFIC TERRAIN AIRWAYS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AIRWY ON BACK Select the BACK softkey to return to the top-level softkeys.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1.6 Accessing G950 Functionality Menus FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS The G950 has a dedicated MENU Key that when pressed displays a context-sensitive list of options. This options list allows the user to access additional features or make settings changes which specifically relate to the currently displayed window/page. There is no all-encompassing menu. Some menus provide access to additional submenus that are used to view, edit, select, and review options.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Besides character-by-character data entry, the system also provides a shortcut for entering waypoint identifiers.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW Page Groups Note: Refer to other supporting sections in this Pilot’s Guide for details on specific pages. EIS Page Group MFD FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Information on the MFD is presented on pages which are grouped according to function. The page group and active page title are displayed in the upper center of the screen, below the Navigation Status Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview • Map Page Group (MAP) Navigation Map FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Traffic Map EIS Terrain Proximity FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 1-26 Map Pages • Waypoint Page Group (WPT) Airport/Procedures/Weather Information Pages HAZARD AVOIDANCE - Airport Information (INFO Softkey) - Departure Information (DP Softkey) - Arrival Information (STAR Softkey) AFCS - Approach Information (APR Softkey) Intersection Information ADDITIONAL FEATURES NDB Information VOR Informat
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Auxiliary Page Group (AUX) Trip Planning Utility FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GPS Status System Setup System Status EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 1-28 Auxiliary Pages FLIGHT MANAGEMENT • Nearest Page Group (NRST) Nearest Airports Nearest Intersections Nearest NDB HAZARD AVOIDANCE Nearest VOR Nearest User Waypoints Nearest Frequencies Nearest Airspaces AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 1-29 Nearest Pages APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview In addition to the main page groups accessed exclusively using the FMS Knob, there are pages for flight planning (FPL) and loading procedures (PROC) which are accessed by key. In some instances, softkeys may be used to access the Procedure Loading pages. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Flight Plan pages are accessed using the FPL Key on the MFD. Main pages within this group are selected by turning the small FMS Knob.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Settings The System Setup Page allows management of the following system parameters: • Audio alert voice • Displayed measurement units • MFD Data Bar (Navigation Status Box) fields • Baro transition alert (see Flight Instruments Section) • GPS Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) range • Airspace alerts • Displayed nearest airports FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Time format (local 12- or 24-hr, or UTC) • COM transceiver channel spacing EIS • Arrival alerts AUDIO PANEL &
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview Pilot Profiles FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS System settings may be saved under a pilot profile. When the system is powered on, the last selected pilot profile is shown on the MFD Power-up Screen (Figure 1-5). The G950 can store up to 25 profiles; the currently active profile, the amount of memory used, and the amount of memory available are shown at the top of the System Setup Page in the box labeled ‘Pilot Profile’.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW 6) Press the ENT Key. 7) Use the FMS Knob to enter a new profile name up to 16 characters long and press the ENT Key. 8) With ‘RENAME’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 9) To cancel the process, use the large FMS Knob to select ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. Deleting a profile: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview Display Units FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Units in which various quantities are displayed on the G950 screens can be changed on the System Setup Page. Changing a display units setting: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired field in the ‘Display Units’ box.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW Airspace Alerts • Class B/TMA • Class D • MOA (Military) • Class C/TCA • Restricted • Other airspaces FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Airspace Alert feature provides a message alert when the aircraft is approaching or near a controlled or special-use airspace. The altitude buffer setting increases the range above or below an airspace for which an alert is generated; the default value is 200 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview Enabling/disabling the Alerts Window arrival alert: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Setup Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to select the ON/OFF field in the Arrival Alert Box. 4) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise to turn the airspace alert ON or counterclockwise to turn the alert OFF.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW • True Air Speed (TAS) • Track Angle Error (TKE) • Track (TRK) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Vertical Speed Required (VSR) • Crosstrack Error (XTK) The Navigation Status Box on the PFD is not affected by these changes; flight plan, distance, and bearing information are displayed at all times. EIS Changing the information shown in the MFD Navigation Status Box: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview COM Configuration FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The COM Configuration Box on the System Setup Page allows the pilot to select 8.33 kHz or 25.0 kHz COM frequency channel spacing. Changing COM channel spacing: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the System Setup Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the channel spacing field in the COM Configuration Box.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 1-35 Utility Page Timers HAZARD AVOIDANCE The generic timer can be set to count up or down from a specified time (HH:MM:SS). When the countdown on the timer reaches zero the digits begin to count up from zero. If the timer is reset before reaching zero on a countdown, the digits are reset to the initial value. If the timer is counting up when reset, the digits are zeroed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview The flight timer can be set to count up from zero starting at system power-up or from the time that the aircraft lifts off; the timer can also be reset to zero at any time. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Setting the flight timer starting criterion: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - Utility Page. 2) Press the FMS Knob momentarily to activate the flashing cursor. 3) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the field next to the flight timer.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Reset Maximum Speed—Resets maximum speed readout only • Reset All—Resets flight timer, departure timer, odometers, and groundspeed readouts FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Use the FMS Knob to highlight the desired reset option and press the ENT Key. The selected parameters are reset to zero and begin to display data from the point of reset. Scheduler EIS The scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview 4) Press the CLR Key to clear the message text. If the CLR Key is pressed again, the message is restored. 5) Press the ENT Key to confirm message deletion. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Scheduler messages appear in the Alerts Window on the PFD and cause the ALERTS Softkey label to change to ‘ADVISORY’. Pressing the ADVISORY Softkey opens the Alerts Window and acknowledges the scheduler message.
System Overview SYSTEM OVERVIEW Adjusting key backlighting manually: 1) Press the PFD MENU Key to display the PFD Setup Menu. ‘AUTO’ is now highlighted next to ‘PFD DSPL’. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘PFD DSPL’. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Turn the small FMS Knob in the direction of the green arrowhead to display ‘PFD KEY’. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight ‘AUTO’. 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to select ‘MANUAL’ and press the ENT Key. The intensity value is now highlighted.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW System Overview Blank Page 44 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 2 Flight Instruments FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: In the event that the airspeed, attitude, altitude, or heading indications become unusable, refer to the backup instruments. Increased situational awareness is provided by replacing the traditional instruments on the panel with an easyto-scan Primary Flight Display (PFD) that features a large horizon, airspeed, attitude, altitude, vertical speed, and course deviation information.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 20 19 18 17 1 16 15 2 EIS 14 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 13 3 12 11 4 10 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5 9 8 6 ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE 7 1 NAV Frequency Box 11 Turn Rate Indicator 2 Airspeed Indicator 12 Altimeter Barometric Setting 3 True Airspeed 13 Selected Altitude Bug 4 Current Heading 14 Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 5 Selected Heading Bug 15 Altimeter 6 Outside Air Temperature (OAT) 16 Selected Altitude
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 13 1 12 EIS 11 10 2 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 9 3 4 8 6 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 5 7 Flight Plan Window 2 Selected Heading 9 Annunciation Window 3 Wind Data 10 Selected Course 4 Inset Map 11 Vertical Speed Required 5 DME Information Window 12 Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) 6 Bearing Information Windows 13 Current VNV Target Altitude 7 Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height ADDITIONAL FEATURES 8 AFCS Traffic Annunciation HAZ
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments 2.1 Flight Instruments FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Airspeed Indicator NOTE: Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for airspeed criteria and Vspeed values. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS The Airspeed Indicator displays airspeed on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. The true airspeed (TAS) is displayed in knots below the Airspeed Indicator.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Vspeeds (Glide, VX, and VY,) can be changed and their flags turned on/off from the Timer/References Window (Figure 2-5). When active (on), the Vspeeds are displayed at their respective locations to the right of the airspeed scale. By default, all Vspeed values are reset and all flags turned off when power is cycled. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing Vspeeds and turning flags on/off: 1) Select the TMR/REF Softkey. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired Vspeed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Attitude Indicator FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white horizon line. The Attitude Indicator displays the pitch (indicated by the yellow symbolic aircraft on the pitch scale), roll, and slip/skid information.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Altimeter FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Altimeter displays 600 feet of barometric altitude values at a time on a rolling number gauge using a moving tape. Numeric labels and major tick marks are shown at intervals of 100 feet. Minor tick marks are at intervals of 20 feet. The indicated altitude is displayed in the black pointer. The Selected Altitude is displayed above the Altimeter in the box indicated by a selection bug symbol.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Selected and current altitudes can also be displayed in meters (readouts displayed above the normal readouts in feet; Figure 2-10). Note that the altitude tape does not change scale. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying altitude in meters: 1) Select the PFD Softkey to display the second-level softkeys. 2) Select the ALT UNIT Softkey. 3) Select the METERS Softkey to turn on metric altitude readouts. 4) Select the BACK Softkey to return to the top-level softkeys.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Baro Transition Alert is provided to notify the pilot to change the barometric pressure setting when crossing the baro transition altitude. If the aircraft is at least 500 feet below the transition altitude and then climbs through this altitude and the STD BARO Softkey has not been pressed, the barometric pressure setting flashes in light blue until the pressure setting is changed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI, Figure 2-14) displays the aircraft vertical speed using a non-moving tape labeled at 1000 and 2000 fpm with minor tick marks every 500 fpm. The current vertical speed is displayed in the pointer along the tape. Digits appear in the pointer when the climb or descent rate is greater than 100 fpm.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) displays a rotating compass card in a heading-up orientation. Letters indicate the cardinal points and numeric labels occur every 30˚. Major tick marks are at 10˚ intervals and minor tick marks at 5˚ intervals. A digital reading of the current heading appears on top of the HSI, and the current track is represented on the HSI by a magenta diamond.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Arc HSI is a 140˚ expanded section of the compass rose. The Arc HSI contains a Course Pointer, To/From Indicator, a sliding deviation indicator (the To/From and deviation indicators are combined), and a deviation scale. Upon station passage, the To/From Indicator flips and points to the tail of the aircraft, just like a conventional To/From flag.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Navigation angles (track, heading, course, bearing) are corrected to the computed magnetic variation (‘Mag Var’) or referenced to true north (denoted ‘T’), set on the AUX - System Setup Page. When an approach referenced to true north has been loaded into the flight plan, the system generates a message to change the navigation angle setting to ‘True’ at the appropriate time.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Turn Rate Indicator FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Turn Rate Indicator is located directly above the rotating compass card. Tick marks to the left and right of the lubber line denote half-standard and standard turn rates. A magenta Turn Rate Trend Vector shows the current turn rate. The end of the trend vector gives the heading predicted in 6 seconds, based on the present turn rate.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW When a bearing pointer is displayed, its associated information window is also displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) NOTE: If a heading change of greater than 105˚ with respect to the course is made, the CDI on the Arc HSI FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS switches to the opposite side of the deviation scale and displays reverse sensing. The Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) moves left or right from the course pointer along a lateral deviation scale to display aircraft position relative to the course.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Changing navigation sources: 1) Select the CDI Softkey to change from GPS to VOR1 or LOC1. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV1 standby frequency in the upper left corner of the PFD. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the CDI Softkey again to change from VOR1 or LOC1 to VOR2 or LOC2. This places the light blue tuning box over the NAV2 standby frequency. 3) Select the CDI Softkey a third time to return to GPS.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments GPS CDI Scaling FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When GPS is the selected navigation source, the flight plan legs are sequenced automatically and annunciations appear on the HSI for the flight phase. Flight phase annunciations are normally shown in magenta, but when cautionary conditions exist the color changes to yellow. If the current leg in the flight plan is a heading leg, ‘HDG LEG’ is annunciated in magenta beneath the aircraft symbol.
Flight Instruments Enroute (Oceanic if >200 nm from nearest airport) Terminal Approach 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 1.0 nm 2.0 nm 0.3 nm 1.0 nm Terminal FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS CDI Full-scale Deflection SYSTEM OVERVIEW Departure Refer to accompanying approach CDI scaling figures Missed Approach EIS Figure 2-27 Automatic CDI Scaling AUDIO PANEL & CNS • When a departure procedure is active, the CDI is scaled for departure (0.3 nm). • The system switches from departure to terminal CDI scaling (1.
2 nm FAF CDI scale varies if VTF is activated 0.3 nm 1.0 nm 2 nm FAF EIS angle based on database information course width angle set by system CDI Full-scale Deflection 0.3 nm 1.0 nm CDI scale is set to the smaller of 0.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW OBS Mode NOTE: VNV is inhibited while automatic waypoint sequencing has been suspended. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Enabling Omni-bearing Selector (OBS) Mode suspends the automatic sequencing of waypoints in a GPS flight plan (GPS must be the selected navigation source), but retains the current “active-to” waypoint as the navigation reference even after passing the waypoint. ‘OBS’ is annunciated to the lower right of the aircraft symbol when OBS Mode is selected.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS As the aircraft crosses the missed approach point (MAP), automatic approach waypoint sequencing is suspended. ‘SUSP’ appears on the HSI at the lower right of the aircraft symbol. The OBS Softkey label changes to indicate the suspension is active as shown in Figure 2-31. Pressing the SUSP Softkey, deactivates the suspension and resumes automatic sequencing of approach waypoints.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2.2 Supplemental Flight Data Note: Selecting the DFLTS Softkey (a second-level PFD softkey) turns off metric Altimeter display, the Inset FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Map, and wind data display. In addition to the flight instruments, the PFD also displays various supplemental information, including the Outside Air Temperature (OAT), wind data, and Vertical Navigation (VNV) indications.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Wind Data Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 No Data AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Wind direction and speed (relative to the aircraft) in knots can be displayed in a window to the upper left of the HSI. When the window is selected for display, but wind information is invalid or unavailable, the window shows “NO WIND DATA”.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Vertical Navigation (VNV) Indications FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When a VNV flight plan has been activated, VNV indications (VNV Target Altitude, RVSI, VDI) appear on the PFD in conjunction with the “TOD within 1 minute” message and “Vertical track” voice alert. See the Flight Management Section for details on VNV features. VNV indications are removed from the PFD according to the criteria listed in Table 2-2.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments 2.3 PFD Annunciations and Alerting Functions FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following annunciations and alerting functions are displayed on the PFD. Refer to Appendix A for more information on alerts and annunciations. System Alerting EIS Messages appear in the Alerts Window (in the lower right corner of the PFD; Figure 2-36) when a warning, caution, advisory alert, or G950 message advisory occurs.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Marker Beacon Annunciations Outer Marker Middle Marker FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Marker Beacon Annunciations are displayed on the PFD to the left of the Selected Altitude. Outer marker reception is indicated in blue, middle in yellow, and inner in white. Refer to the Audio Panel and CNS Section for more information on Marker Beacon Annunciations.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Altitude Alerting FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Altitude Alerting function provides visual and aural alerts when the aircraft is approaching the Selected Altitude. Whenever the Selected Altitude is changed, the Altitude Alerter is reset. The Altitude Alerter is independent of the installed AFCS.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW Minimum Descent Altitude/Decision Height Alerting FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS For altitude awareness, a barometric Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) can be set in the Timer/References Window and is reset when the power is cycled. When active, the altitude setting is displayed to the lower left of the Altimeter and with a bug at the corresponding altitude along the Altimeter (once the altitude is within the range of the tape).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Alerting is inhibited while the aircraft is on the ground and until the aircraft reaches 150 feet above the setting for the alert. If the aircraft proceeds to climb after having reached the MDA/DH, once it reaches 50 feet above the MDA/DH, alerting is disabled. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The MDA/DH may be set from the PFD. It is synchronized on both PFDs in a 3 Display System. The function is reset when the power is cycled.
Flight Instruments SYSTEM OVERVIEW 2.4 Abnormal Operations Abnormal GPS Conditions FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The annunciations listed in Table 2-3 can appear on the HSI when abnormal GPS conditions occur; see Figure 2-42 for examples. Refer to the Flight Management Section for more information on Dead Reckoning Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Instruments Unusual Attitudes FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the aircraft enters an unusual pitch attitude, red extreme pitch warning chevrons pointing toward the horizon are displayed on the Attitude Indicator, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the horizon line.
Engine Indication System SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 3 Engine Indication System FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The G950 Engine Indication System (EIS) is not available in the Tecnam P2006T. Refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for engine display information and operating limitations. EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146 Rev.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Engine Indication System Blank Page 78 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 4 Audio Panel and CNS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4.1 Overview The Communication/Navigation/Surveillance (CNS) system includes the Audio Panel, communication radios, navigation radios, and Mode S transponder. The System Overview Section provides a block diagram description of the Audio Panel and CNS system interconnection.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS PFD Controls and Frequency Display 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1 9 10 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 11 12 INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS Figure 4-1 PFD Controls, NAV/COM Frequency Tuning Boxes, and NRST Window 80 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Audio Panel and CNS NAV Frequency Box – Displays NAV standby and active frequency fields, volume, and station ID. The frequency of the NAV radio selected for navigation is displayed in green. 5 COM Frequency Box – Displays COM standby and active frequency fields and volume. The selected COM transceiver frequency is displayed in green. 6 COM Knob – Tunes the standby frequencies for the COM transceiver (large knob for MHz; small knob for kHz).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS GMA 1347 Audio Panel Controls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 18 19 20 21 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 17 22 23 24 AFCS Figure 4-2 Audio Panel Controls INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES NOTE: When a key is selected, a triangular annunciator above the key is illuminated. 82 1 COM1 MIC – Selects the #1 transmitter for transmitting.
Audio Panel and CNS SPKR – Selects and deselects the cabin speaker (if installed). COM and NAV receiver audio can be heard on the speaker. 11 MKR/MUTE – Selects marker beacon receiver audio. Mutes the currently received marker beacon receiver audio. Unmutes automatically when new marker beacon audio is received. Also, stops play of recorded COM audio. 12 HI SENS – Press to increase marker beacon receiver sensitivity. Press again to return to low sensitivity.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS 4.2 COM Operation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM Transceiver Selection and Activation NOTE: During PA Mode, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished and the COM active frequency color changes to white, indicating that neither COM transmitter is active. NOTE: When turning on the G950 for use, the system remembers the last frequencies used and the active EIS COM transceiver state prior to shutdown.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Transmit/Receive Indications FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During COM transmission, a white TX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow. On the Audio Panel, when the active COM is transmitting, the active transceiver COM MIC Key Annunciator flashes approximately once per second. During COM signal reception, a white RX appears by the active COM frequency replacing the Frequency Transfer Arrow.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Selecting the Radio to be Tuned FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Press the small COM Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. EIS Press the COM Knob to Switch the Tuning Box From One COM Radio to the Other AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 4-6 Switching COM Tuning Boxes Quick-tuning and Activating 121.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Auto-tuning the COM Frequency FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM frequencies can be automatically tuned from the following: • Nearest Airports Window (PFD) • NRST – Nearest Frequencies Page (ARTCC, FSS, WX) • WPT – Airport Information Page • NRST – Nearest Airspaces Page • NRST – Nearest Airports Page Auto-tuning from the PFD EIS COM frequencies for the nearest airports can be automatically tuned from the Nearest Airports Window on the PFD.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Auto-tuning from the MFD FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Frequencies can be automatically loaded into the COM Frequency Box from pages in the NRST or WPT page group by highlighting the frequency and pressing the ENT Key (Figures 4-10, 4-11, and 4-12). Auto-tuning a COM frequency from the WPT and NRST Pages: 1) From any page that the COM frequency can be auto-tuned, activate the cursor by pressing the FMS Knob or selecting the appropriate softkey.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Nearest Frequencies Menu Nearest Airspaces Menu EIS Nearest Airports Menu Figure 4-10 Nearest Pages Menus AUDIO PANEL & CNS On the WPT - Airport Information Page, the cursor can be placed on the frequency field by pressing the FMS Knob and scrolling through the list. The frequency is transferred to the COM Standby Field with the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS COM frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airspaces, NRST – Nearest Frequencies, and NRST – Nearest Airports Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Frequency Spacing FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 COM radios can tune either 25-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.975 MHz) or 8.33-kHz spacing (118.000 to 136.990 MHz) for 760-channel or 3040-channel configuration. When 8.33-kHz channel spacing is selected, all of the 25-kHz channel spacing frequencies are also available in the complete 3040-channel list. COM channel spacing is set on the System Setup Page of the AUX Page Group. 25-kHz Channel Spacing EIS 8.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Automatic Squelch FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Automatic Squelch quiets unwanted static noise when no audio signal is received, while still providing good sensitivity to weak COM signals. To disable Automatic Squelch, press the VOL/SQ Knob. When Automatic Squelch is disabled, COM audio reception is always on. Continuous static noise is heard over the headsets and speaker, if selected. Pressing the VOL/SQ Knob again enables Automatic Squelch.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4.3 NAV Operation NAV Radio Selection and Activation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The NAV Frequency Box is composed of four fields; two standby fields and two active fields. The active frequencies are on the right side and the standby frequencies are on the left. EIS A NAV radio is selected for navigation by pressing the CDI Softkey located on the PFD. The active NAV frequency selected for navigation is displayed in green.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NAV radios are selected for listening by pressing the corresponding keys on the Audio Panel. Pressing the NAV1, NAV2, DME, or ADF Key selects and deselects the navigation radio source. Selected audio can be heard over the headset and the speakers (if selected). All radios can be selected individually or simultaneously.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting the Radio to be Tuned Press the small NAV Knob to transfer the frequency tuning box and Frequency Transfer Arrow between the upper and lower radio frequency fields. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Press the NAV Knob to Switch the Tuning Box From One NAV Radio to the Other EIS Figure 4-20 Switching NAV Tuning Boxes AUDIO PANEL & CNS VOR/LOC ID When the Morse code Identifier audio is on for a NAV radio, a white ID appears to the left of the active NAV frequency.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Auto-tuning a NAV Frequency from the MFD FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Audio Panel and CNS • WPT – VOR Information • NRST – Nearest Frequencies (FSS, WX) • NRST – Nearest Airports • NRST – Nearest Airspaces NAV frequencies can be selected and loaded from the following MFD pages: • WPT – Airport Information • NRST – Nearest VOR EIS The MFD provides auto-tuning of NAV frequencies from waypoint and nearest pages.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Or: 1) When on the NRST pages, press the MENU Key to display the page menu. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the menu options. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the ENT Key to place the cursor in the desired window. 4) Scroll through the frequency selections with the FMS Knob. 5) Press the ENT Key to load the NAV frequency into the standby field of the selected NAV radio.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS In the example shown, the VOR list is selected with the VOR Softkey or from the page menu. The FMS Knob or ENT Key is used to scroll through the list. The cursor is placed on the frequency with the FREQ Softkey and loaded into the NAV Tuning Box with the ENT Key. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Press the ENT Key to Load the Frequency into the NAV Standby Field.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW While enroute, NAV frequencies can also be auto-tuned from the NRST – Nearest Airports, WPT – Airport Information, WPT – VOR Information, and NRST – Nearest Frequencies Pages on the MFD in a similar manner using the appropriate softkeys or MENU Key, the FMS Knob, and the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Auto-tuning NAV Frequencies on Approach Activation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: The primary NAV frequency is auto-tuned upon loading a VOR or ILS/Localizer approach. NOTE: When an ILS/LOC approach has been activated in GPS Mode, the system switches to NAV Mode as the final approach course is intercepted (within 15 nm of the FAF). See the Flight Management Section for details. NAV frequencies are automatically loaded into the NAV Frequency Box on approach activation.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Marker Beacon Receiver NOTE: The marker beacon indicators operate independently of marker beacon audio and cannot be turned FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS off. The marker beacon receiver is used as part of the ILS. The marker beacon receiver is always on and detects any marker beacon signals within the reception range of the aircraft.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS 4.4 GTX 33 Mode S Transponder FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The GTX 33 Mode S Transponder provides Mode A, Mode C, and Mode S interrogation and reply capabilities.
Audio Panel and CNS ALT GND VFR CODE IDENT BACK FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS ON IDENT SYSTEM OVERVIEW STBY XPDR ALERTS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the top-level softkeys. EIS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IDENT BKSP BACK ALERTS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Selecting the BACK Softkey returns to the mode selection softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Standby Mode (Manual) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Audio Panel and CNS Standby Mode can be selected at any time by selecting the STBY Softkey. In Standby, the transponder does not reply to interrogations, but new codes can be entered. When Standby is selected, a white STBY indication and transponder code appear in the mode field of the Transponder Data Box. In all other modes, these fields appear in green. NOTE: In Standby Mode, the IDENT function is inhibited.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Reply Status When the transponder sends replies to interrogations, a white R indication appears momentarily in the reply status field of the Transponder Data Box. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Reply to Interrogation Figure 4-34 Reply Indication EIS Entering a Transponder Code Entering a transponder code with softkeys: AUDIO PANEL & CNS 1) Select the XPDR Softkey to display the Transponder Mode Selection Softkeys.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS VFR Code FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The VFR code can be entered either manually or by selecting the XPDR Softkey, then the VFR Softkey. When the VFR Softkey is selected, the pre-programmed VFR code is automatically displayed in the code field of the Transponder Data Box. Selecting the VFR Softkey again restores the previous identification code. The pre-programmed VFR Code is set at the factory to 1200.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight ID Reporting NOTE: If the Flight ID is required but the system is not configured for it, contact a Garmin-authorized service FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS center for configuration. When the Flight ID must be entered before flight operation, the identifier is placed in the Timer/References Window on the PFD. The Flight ID is not to exceed seven characters. No space is needed when entering Flight ID.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS 4.5 Additional Audio Panel Functions FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Power-Up The Audio Panel performs a self-test during power-up. During the self-test all Audio Panel annunciator lights illuminate for approximately two seconds. Once the self-test is completed, most of the settings are restored to those in use before the unit was last turned off. Mono/Stereo Headsets EIS Stereo headsets are recommended for use with the G950.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Intercom FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Audio Panel includes a four-position intercom system (ICS) and a stereo music input for the pilot, copilot and up to four passengers. The intercom provides Pilot and Copilot isolation from the passengers and aircraft radios.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Intercom Volume and Squelch FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The PILOT/PASS Knob controls volume or manual squelch adjustment for the pilot and copilot/passenger. The small knob controls the pilot volume and squelch. The large knob controls the copilot/passenger volume and squelch. The VOL and SQ annunciations at the bottom of the unit indicate which function the knob is controlling.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Passenger Address (PA) System FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A passenger address system is available for delivering voice messages over the cabin speaker. When the PA Key is pressed on the Audio Panel, the COM MIC Annunciator is extinguished, and the active COM frequency changes to white, indicating that there is no COM selected. A Push-to-Talk (PTT) must be pressed to deliver PA announcements. The PA Annunciator flashes about once per second while the PTT is depressed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Split COM Operation NOTE: Split COM performance is affected by the distance between the COM antennas and the separation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS of the tuned frequencies. If the selected COM1 and COM2 frequencies are too close together, interference may be heard during transmission on the other radio. During Split COM operation, both the pilot and the copilot can transmit simultaneously over separate radios.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Entertainment Inputs NOTE: Music1 and Music2 audio cannot be completely turned off. Audio level for the crew and passengers FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS can be adjusted by a Garmin-authorized service center. The Audio Panel provides two stereo auxiliary entertainment inputs: Music1 and Music2. The pilot and copilot hear Music1 and the passengers hear Music2. These inputs are compatible with popular portable entertainment devices such as MP3 and CD players. Two 3.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS 4.6 Audio Panel Preflight Procedure FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: If the pilot and/or copilot are using headsets that have a high/low switch or volume control knob, verify that the switch is in the high position and the volume control on the headsets are at maximum volume setting. On single‑pilot flights, verify that all other headsets are not connected to avoid excess noise in the audio system.
Audio Panel and CNS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4.7 Abnormal Operation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Abnormal operation of the G950 includes equipment failures of the G950 components and failure of associated equipment, including switches and external devices. Stuck Microphone If the push-to-talk (PTT) Key becomes stuck, the COM transmitter stops transmitting after 35 seconds of continuous operation. An alert appears on the PFD to advise the crew of a stuck microphone.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Audio Panel and CNS Blank Page 116 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 5 Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 5.1 Introduction The G950 is an integrated flight, engine, communication, navigation and surveillance system. This section of the Pilot’s Guide explains flight management using the G950. EIS The most prominent part of the G950 are the full color displays: one Primary Flight Display (PFD) and a Multi Function Display (MFD).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Navigation Status Box Navigation Mode Inset Map AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Location of: - Direct To Window - Flight Plan Window - Procedures Window - Nearest Airports Window - Timer/Reference Window Figure 5-1 GPS Navigation Information on the PFD FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Navigation Status Box Map Orientation Navigation Page Title Navigation Map HAZARD AVOIDANCE - Aviation Data - Geographic Data - Topographic Data - Hazard Data Aircraft Icon at Present
Flight Management • Distance (DIS) and Bearing (BRG) to the next waypoint or flight plan annunciations (e.g., ‘TOD within 1 minute’) • Bearing (BRG) The symbols used in the PFD status bar are: Symbol Description Active Leg FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Navigation Status Box located at the top of the MFD contains four data fields, each displaying one of the following items: SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Active flight plan leg (e.g., ‘D-> KICT’ or ‘KIXD -> KCOS’) or flight plan annunciations (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 5.2 Using Map Displays FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Map displays are used extensively in the G950 to provide situational awareness in flight. Most G950 maps can display the following information: • Airports, NAVAIDs, airspaces, airways, land data (highways, cities, lakes, rivers, borders, etc.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Desired track up (DTK UP) aligns the top of the map display to the desired course. • Heading up (HDG UP) aligns the top of the map display to the current aircraft heading. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: When panning or reviewing active flight plan legs in a non-North Up orientation, the map does not show the map orientation nor the wind direction and speed. Note: Map orientation can only be changed on the Navigation Map Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Map Range FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS There are 28 different map ranges available, from 500 feet to 2000 nm. The current range is indicated in the lower right corner of the map and represents the top-to-bottom distance covered by the map. When the map range is decreased to a point that exceeds the capability of the G950 to accurately represent the map, a magnifying glass icon is shown to the left of the map range.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW • Flight plans that have a combination of long and short legs cause the range to increase and decrease as waypoints sequence. To avoid this, auto zoom can be disabled or the maximum/minimum times can be adjusted. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • The ‘time out’ time (configurable on the Map Setup Page for the Map Group) determines how long auto zoom is overridden by a manual adjustment of the range knob. At the expiration of this time, the auto zoom range is restored.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Map Panning Map panning allows the pilot to: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • View parts of the map outside the displayed range without adjusting the map range • Highlight and select locations on the map • Review information for a selected airport, NAVAID or user waypoint • Designate locations for use in flight planning • View airspace and airway information AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS When the panning function is selected by pressing the Joystick, the Map Pointer flashes on the map d
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW When the Map Pointer is placed on an object, the name of the object is highlighted (even if the name was not originally displayed on the map). When any map feature or object is selected on the map display, pertinent information is displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS When the Map Pointer crosses an airspace boundary, the boundary is highlighted and airspace information is shown at the top of the display. The information includes the name and class of airspace, the ceiling in feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL), and the floor in feet MSL.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Reviewing information for an airport, NAVAID, or user waypoint: 1) Place the Map Pointer on a waypoint. 2) Press the ENT Key to display the Waypoint Information Page for the selected waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the GO BACK Softkey, the CLR Key, or the ENT Key to exit the Waypoint Information Page and return to the Navigation Map showing the selected waypoint.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Viewing airspace information for a special-use or controlled airspace: 1) Place the Map Pointer on an open area within the boundaries of an airspace. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the ENT Key to display an options menu. 3) ‘Review Airspaces’ should already be highlighted, if not select it. Press the ENT Key to display the Airspace Information Page for the selected airspace. EIS 4) Press the CLR or ENT Key to exit the Airspace Information Page.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Measuring Bearing and Distance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Distance and bearing from the aircraft’s present position to any point on the viewable navigation map may be calculated using the ‘Measure Bearing and Distance’ selection from Navigation Map page menu. The bearing and distance tool displays a dashed Measurement Line and a Measure Pointer to aid in graphically identifying points with which to measure.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Topography FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS All navigation maps can display various shades of topography colors representing land elevation, similar to aviation sectional charts. Topographic data can be displayed or removed as described in the following procedures.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TOPO DATA Range EIS TOPO DATA On/Off AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-15 Navigation Map Setup Menu - TOPO DATA Setup The topographic data range is the maximum map range on which topographic data is displayed. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Note: Since the PFD Inset Map is much smaller than the MFD navigation maps, items are removed on the PFD Inset Map two range levels smaller than the range selected in the Map Setup pages (e.g.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Maximum Displayed Elevation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Management Aircraft Altitude (MSL) Minimum Displayed Elevation Range of Displayed Elevations AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Ground Elevation at Pointer Location (only visible when Pointer is displayed) Figure 5-16 Navigation Map - TOPO SCALE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Displaying/removing the topographic scale (TOPO SCALE): 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Map Symbols FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This section discusses the types of land and aviation symbols that can be displayed. Each listed type of symbol can be turned on or off, and the maximum range to display each symbol can be set. The decluttering of the symbols from the map using the DCLTR Softkey is also discussed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Aviation Symbols The following items are configured on the aviation menu: Aviation Symbols FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS (Text label size can be None, Small, Medium (Med), or Large (Lrg)) EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) Active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 Non-active Flight Plan Leg (ACTIVE FPL) 2000 2000 2000 250 150 50 3 Off 15 2000 500 300 100 20 100 30 Non-directional Beac
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Symbol Setup All pages with maps can display land symbols (roads, lakes, borders, etc). Land symbols can be removed totally (turned off). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying/removing all land symbols: 1) Press the MENU Key with the Navigation Map Page displayed. The Page Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map Setup’ option. 2) Press the ENT Key. The Map Setup Group Menu is displayed and the cursor flashes on the ‘Map’ option.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 9) Press the ENT Key to accept the selected range. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 10) Press the FMS Knob to return to the Navigation Map Page.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Map Declutter The declutter feature allows the pilot to progressively step through four levels of removing map information. The declutter level is displayed in the DCLTR Softkey and next to the Declutter Menu Option. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Declutter Level DCLTR Softkey EIS Navigation Map Page Menu Figure 5-21 Navigation Map - Declutter Level Indications AUDIO PANEL & CNS Decluttering the map: Press the DCLTR Softkey with the Navigation Map Page displayed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Table 5-3 lists the items displayed at each declutter level. The ‘X’ represents map items displayed for the various levels of declutter.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Airways FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Low Altitude Airways (or Victor Airways) primarily serve smaller piston-engine, propeller-driven airplanes on shorter routes and at lower altitudes. Airways are eight nautical miles wide and start 1,200 feet above ground level (AGL) and extend up to but not including 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL). Low Altitude Airways are designated with a “V” before the airway number (hence the name “Victor Airways”) since they run primarily between VORs.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Airways may be displayed on the map at the pilot’s discretion using either a combination of AIRWAY Softkey presses, or menu selections using the MENU Key from the Navigation Map Page. The Airway range can also be programmed to only display Airways on the MFD when the map range is at or below a specific number. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying/removing airways: 1) Press the MAP Softkey. 2) Press the AIRWAYS Softkey. Both High and Low Altitude Airways are displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW The following range items are configurable on the airways menu: Airway Type Symbol Low Altitude Airway (LOW ALT AIRWAY) High Altitude Airway (HI ALT AIRWAY) 300 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Default Maximum Range (nm) Range (nm) 200 500 500 Table 5-4 Airway Range Information EIS Track Vector AUDIO PANEL & CNS The Navigation Map can display a track vector that is useful in minimizing track angle error.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Wind Vector On/Off EIS Nav Range Ring On/Off Track Vector - On/Off - Look Ahead Time AUDIO PANEL & CNS Fuel Range - On/Off - Fuel Reserve Time Figure 5-25 Navigation Map Setup Menu -TRACK VECTOR, WIND VECTOR, NAV RANGE RING, FUEL RANGE RING Setup Wind Vector FLIGHT MANAGEMENT The map displays a wind vector arrow in the upper right-hand portion of the screen.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nav Range Ring The Nav Range Ring shows the direction of travel (ground track) on a rotating compass card. The range is determined by the map range. The range is 1/4 of the map range (e.g., 37.5 nm on a 150 nm map).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Fuel Range Ring FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The map can display a fuel range ring which shows the remaining flight distance. A dashed green circle indicates the selected range to reserve fuel. A solid green circle indicates the total endurance range. If only reserve fuel remains, the range is indicated by a solid yellow circle.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Navigation Information Display FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Navigation Information Display operates in two modes, automatic mode and destination mode. The mode is toggled by pressing the AUTO or DEST Softkey. The display defaults in automatic mode (softkey label displays ‘AUTO’). In destination mode, the softkey label displays ‘DEST’. Figure 5-31 shows the various modes of operation for the display.
AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management ADDITIONAL FEATURES Auto Mode, KMCI to KICT Flight Plan Loaded Destination Mode, KMCI to KICT Flight Plan Loaded Auto Mode, No Flight Plan Loaded Destination Mode, No Flight Plan Loaded Figure 5-31 Navigation Information Display Modes of Operation INDEX APPENDICES The next section describes the four Data Boxes within the Navigation Information Display.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Nearest Airport Box FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Nearest Airport Box is displayed in automatic and destination mode. When no airports are within 200 NM of the aircraft position, the Nearest Airport Box displays “NONE WITHIN 200 NM”. When the aircraft position is within 200 NM of an airport, the fields shown in Figure 5-32 are displayed in the Nearest Airport Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Nearest Frequency Box FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Nearest Frequency Box is displayed in the automatic mode and not displayed in the destination mode. When no nearest frequencies are detected, the Nearest Frequency Box displays “NONE WITHIN 200 NM”.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1 2 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3 4 5 6 EIS 7 8 9 AUDIO PANEL & CNS 10 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-34 Destination Airport Box 3 Position From; distance and bearing from Destination Airport (visible when the destination mode is active, or when the Nearest Airport is same as the destination airport, or when no ARTCC frequencies are detecetd 4 Vertical Speed Required.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Time Box FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Time Box is always visible. 1 2 EIS 3 1 Estimated Time Enroute; visible when destination is set 2 Estimated Time of Arrival; sum of the present time and ETE, visible when destination is set 3 Flight Time (total time since takeoff) ‘FLT’ if in-air timer is selected on AUX Utility Page, otherwise ‘PWR’.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.3 Waypoints FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Waypoints are predetermined geographical positions (internal database) or pilot-entered positions, and are used for all phases of flight planning and navigation. Communication and navigation frequencies can be tuned “automatically” from various Waypoint Information (WPT) pages, Nearest (NRST) pages, and the Nearest Airports Window (on PFD). This auto-tuning feature simplifies frequency entry over manual tuning.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Identifier with Duplicates AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Duplicate Waypoints Duplicate Message FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Airports Figure 5-30 Waypoint Information Window - Duplicate Identifier Note: ‘North Up’ orientation on the Airport Information Page cannot be changed; the pilot needs to be aware of proper orientation if the Navigation Map orientation is different from the Airport Information Page Map.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Airport Information Navigation Map Showing Selected Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - ID/Facility/City - Usage Type/Region - Lat/Long/Elev - Fuel Available - Time Zone (UTC Offset) Runway Information - Designation - Length/Width/Surface - Lighting Available EIS Airport/Runway Diagram COM/NAV Freq. Info.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Viewing a destination airport: From the Airport Information Page press the MENU Key. Select ‘View Destination Airport’. The Destination Airport is displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pressing the ENT Key displays the PFD Airport Information Window for the highlighted airport. Pressing the ENT Key again returns to the Nearest Airports Window with the cursor on the next airport in the list. Continued presses of the ENT Key sequences through the information pages for all airports in the Nearest Airports list.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Navigation Map Showing Nearest Airport Nearest Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Nearest Airports - ID/Type - Bearing/Distance Airport Information EIS - Facility/City/Elevation Runway Information - Designation/Surface - Length/Width AUDIO PANEL & CNS COM/NAV Freq. Info.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing runway information for a specific airport: 1) With the Nearest Airports Page displayed, press the RNWY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Select Runway Window’; and press the ENT Key. The cursor is placed in the ‘RUNWAYS’ Box. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the desired runway. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. See the Audio Panel and CNS Section for frequency selection and the Procedures section for approaches.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Intersections Note: The VOR displayed on the Intersection Information Page is the nearest VOR, not necessarily the VOR FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS used to define the intersection. The Intersection Information Page is used to view information about intersections.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Nearest Intersections Page can be used to quickly find an intersection close to the flight path. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest intersections in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST INT’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘REFERENCE VOR’. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The selected intersection is indicated by a white arrow. Up to eleven Intersections are visible at a time.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management NDBs FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The NDB Information Page is used to view information about NDBs. In addition to displaying a map of the currently selected NDB and surrounding area, the page displays NDB information in four boxes labeled ‘NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, ‘FREQUENCY’, and ‘NEAREST AIRPORT’.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW The Nearest NDB Page can be used to quickly find a NDB close to the flight path. In addition to displaying a map of the surrounding area, the page displays information for up to 25 nearest NDBs in three boxes labeled ‘NEAREST NDB’, ‘INFORMATION’, and ‘FREQUENCY’. Navigation Map Showing Selected NDB FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A white arrow before the NDB identifier indicates the selected NDB. Up to eleven NDBs are visible at a time.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management VORs FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The VOR Information Page can be used to view information about VOR and ILS signals (since ILS signals can be received on a NAV receiver), or to quickly auto-tune a VOR or ILS frequency. Localizer information cannot be viewed on the VOR Information Page. If a VOR station is combined with a TACAN station it is listed as a VORTAC on the VOR Information Page and if it includes only DME, it is displayed as VOR-DME.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the FMS Knob or press the VOR Softkey. 2) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box. 3) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Or: 1) With the Nearest VOR Page displayed, press the MENU Key. 2) Highlight ‘Select VOR Window’, and press the ENT Key. 3) Press the ENT Key or turn either FMS Knob to select an identifier in the Nearest VOR Box.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management User Waypoints FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 can create and store up to 1,000 user-defined waypoints. User waypoints can be created from any map page (except PFD Inset Map, AUX-Trip Planning Page, or Procedure Pages) by selecting a position on the map using the Joystick, or from the User Waypoint Information Page by referencing a bearing/distance from an existing waypoint, bearings from two existing waypoints, or latitude and longitude.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Navigation Map Showing Selected User Waypoint Selected User Waypoint FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Nearest User Wpt List - Identifier - Bearing/Distance from aircraft position EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS User Waypoint Info - Comment - Lat/Long Reference Wpt Info FLIGHT MANAGEMENT - Identifier - Radial/Distance Figure 5-43 Nearest User Waypoint Page HAZARD AVOIDANCE Creating User Waypoints User waypoints can be created from the User Waypoint Information Page in the following ways
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 6) If desired, change the storage method of the waypoint to “TEMPORARY” or “NORMAL” by moving the cursor to “TEMPORARY” and pressing the ENT Key to check or uncheck the box. 7) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Or: 1) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 2) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters). 3) Press the ENT Key. The message ‘Are you sure you want to create the new User Waypoint AAAAAA?’ is displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Note: If the pointer has highlighted a map database feature, one of three things happens upon pressing FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS the ENT Key: 1) information about the selected feature is displayed instead of initiating a new waypoint, 2) a menu pops up allowing a choice between ‘Review Airspaces’ or ‘Create User Waypoint’, or 3) a new waypoint is initiated with the default name being the selected map item. 3) Enter a user waypoint name (up to six characters).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 4) With ‘YES’ highlighted, press the ENT Key. 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Changing the location of an existing waypoint to the aircraft present position: 1) Enter a waypoint name or select the waypoint in the User Waypoint List, then press the ENT Key. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select ‘Use Present Position’. 4) Press the ENT Key twice. The new waypoint’s location is saved.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Deleting User Waypoints Deleting a single user waypoint: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field. 2) Press the DELETE Softkey or press the CLR Key. ‘Yes’ is highlighted in the confirmation window. 3) Press the ENT Key. 4) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor. Or: EIS 1) Highlight a User Waypoint in the User Waypoint List, or enter a waypoint in the User Waypoint field.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 5.4 Airspaces MOA (Military) Class D Airspace Restricted Area Class B Airspace EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 can display the following types of airspaces: Class B/TMA, Class C/TCA, Class D, Restricted, MOA (Military), Other Airspace, Air Defense Interdiction Zone (ADIZ), and Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR).
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW An altitude buffer is also provided which “expands” the vertical range above or below an airspace. For example, if the buffer is set at 500 feet, and the aircraft is more than 500 feet above/below an airspace, an alert message is not generated, but if the aircraft is less than 500 feet above/below an airspace and projected to enter it, the pilot is notified with an alert message. The default setting for the altitude buffer is 200 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Nearest Airspaces Page can be used to quickly find airspaces close to the flight path. In addition, a selected frequency associated with the airspace can be loaded from the Nearest Airspaces Page. In addition to displaying a map of airspace boundaries and surrounding area, the Nearest Airspaces Page displays airspace information in four boxes labeled ‘AIRSPACE ALERTS’, ‘AIRSPACE, AGENCY’, ‘VERTICAL LIMITS’, and ‘FREQUENCIES’.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Pressing the PFD ALERTS Softkey displays the message window on the PFD. The following airspace alerts are displayed in the message window: Comments The aircraft is inside the airspace. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Special use airspace is ahead of aircraft. The aircraft penetrates the airspace within 10 minutes. Special use airspace is near and ahead of the aircraft position. Special use airspace is within 2 nm of the aircraft position. EIS Message INSIDE ARSPC – Inside airspace.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 5.5 Direct-to-Navigation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Direct-to method of navigation, initiated by pressing the Direct-to Key on either the MFD or PFD, is quicker to use than a flight plan when the desire is to navigate to a single point such as a nearby airport. Once a direct-to is activated, the G950 establishes a point-to-point course line from the present position to the selected direct-to destination.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Direct-to Point Info VNV Constraints - Altitude at Arrival - Along Track Offset FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - Identifier/Symbol/City - Facility Name Direct-to Point Info - Bearing/Distance - Desired Course EIS Activation Command Figure 5-49 Direct-to Window - PFD AUDIO PANEL & CNS Any waypoint can be entered as a direct-to destination from the Direct-to Window.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting an active flight plan waypoint as a direct-to destination: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Management 2) Turn the small FMS Knob counter-clockwise to display a list of flight plan waypoints (the FPL list is populated only when navigating a flight plan). 1) While navigating an active flight plan, press the Direct-to Key. The Direct-to Window is displayed with the active flight plan waypoint as the default selection. 3) Select the desired waypoint. 4) Press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination: 1) Press the NRST Softkey on the PFD; or turn the FMS Knob to display the Nearest Airports Page and press the FMS Knob. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Select the desired airport (the nearest one is already selected). 3) Press the Direct-to Key. 4) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed on ‘ACTIVATE?’. 5) Press the ENT Key again to activate the direct-to.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Page Menu FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS - Cancel Direct-To Navigation Figure 5-51 Direct-to Window - Cancelling Direct-to Navigation HAZARD AVOIDANCE When navigating a direct-to, the G950 sets a direct great circle course to the selected destination. The course to a destination can also be manually selected using the course field (‘COURSE’) on the Direct-to Window. Selecting a manual direct-to course: 1) Press the Direct-to Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A direct-to with altitude constraints creates a descent path (and provides guidance to stay on the path) from the aircraft’s current altitude to the altitude of the direct-to waypoint. The altitude is reached at the waypoint, or at the specified distance along the flight path if an offset distance has been entered. All VNV altitudes prior to the direct-to destination are removed from the active flight plan upon successful activation of the direct-to.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Removing a VNV altitude constraint: 1) Press the Direct-to Key to display the Direct-to Window. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Clear Vertical Constraints’ highlighted, press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.6 Flight Planning Flight Plan Leg Type FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight planning on the G950 consists of building a flight plan by entering waypoints one at a time, adding waypoints along airways, and inserting departures, airways, arrivals, or approaches as needed. The G950 allows flight planning information to be entered from either the MFD or PFD.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management The following could cause the airway update to fail: • Airway identifier, entry waypoint or exit waypoint not found in the new database. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Airway entry/exit waypoint is not an acceptable waypoint for the airway – either the waypoint is no longer on the airway, or there is a new directional restriction that prevents it being used. • Loading the new airway sequence would exceed the capacity of the flight plan.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Active Flight Plan Comment FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Active Flight Plan Leg Active Flight Plan Waypoint List - Waypoint ID - Desired Track to Waypoint - Distance to Waypoint - Airway Identifier EIS Figure 5-54 Active Flight Plan Window on PFD AUDIO PANEL & CNS Catalog Contents - # Used - # Empty FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Flight Plan List - Comment HAZARD AVOIDANCE Selected Flight Plan Map Selected FPL Info AFCS - Departure Waypoint - Destination Waypoint - Total Flight Plan D
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Creating an active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor (only on MFD). 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window. (Turning it clockwise displays a blank Waypoint Information Window, turning it counter-clockwise displays the Waypoint Information Window with a waypoint selection submenu allowing selection of active flight plan, nearest, recent, user, or airway waypoints).
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight plans can be imported from an SD Card or exported to an SD Card from the Stored Flight Plan Page. Importing a Flight Plan from an SD Card FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Insert the SD card containing the flight plan in the top card slot on the MFD. 2) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 3) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 4) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Note: If the imported flight plan contains a waypoint with a name that duplicates the name of a waypoint FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS already stored on the system, the system compares the coordinates of the imported waypoint with those of the existing waypoint. If the coordinates are different, the imported waypoint is automatically renamed by adding characters to the end of the name. Exporting a Flight Plan to an SD Card 1) Insert the SD card into the top card slot on the MFD.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Adding Waypoints to an Existing Flight Plan FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Waypoints can be added to the active flight plan or any stored flight plan. Choose the flight plan, select the desired point of insertion, enter the waypoint, and it is added in front of the selected waypoint. Flight plans are limited to 99 waypoints (including waypoints within airways and procedures). If the number of waypoints in the flight plan exceeds 99, the message “Flight plan is full.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Adding a waypoint to a stored flight plan: 1) On the Flight Plan Catalog Page, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Highlight the desired flight plan. 3) Press the EDIT Softkey; or press the ENT Key, turn the large FMS Knob clockwise to select “EDIT” and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed. 4) Select the point in the flight plan to add the new waypoint.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Creating and adding user waypoints to the active flight plan: 1) Press the Joystick to activate the panning function on the Active Flight Plan Page and pan to the map location of the desired user waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the LD WPT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Load Waypoint’, and press the ENT Key. The user waypoint is created with a name of USRxxx (using the next available in sequence) and is added to the end of the active flight plan.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW 4) Turn the small FMS Knob one click clockwise and select the LD AIRWY Softkey, or press the MENU Key and select “Load Airway”. The Select Airway Page is displayed. The LD AIRWY Softkey or the “Load Airway” menu item is available only when a valid airway entry waypoint has been chosen (the waypoint ahead of the cursor position). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Management 5) Turn the FMS Knob to select the desired airway from the list, and press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Inserted Airway Header - Airway Identifier: [airway identifier].[exit waypoint identifier] (e.g., V4.SLN) EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-63 Active Flight Plan Page - Airway Inserted Restrictions on Adding Airways HAZARD AVOIDANCE Some airways have directional restrictions on all or part of the route.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Adding Procedures to a Stored Flight Plan FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 allows the pilot to insert pre-defined instrument procedures from the navigation database into a flight plan. The procedures are designed to facilitate routing of traffic leaving an airport (departure), arriving at an airport (arrival), and landing at an airport (approach). See the procedures section for more details.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Departure (DP) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Departure Procedure (DP) is loaded at the departure airport in the flight plan. Only one departure can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of a departure, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Departure Airport Selected Departure Selected Runway Selected Transition AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Departure Transition Points Available Preview of Selected Departure FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Departure End Point HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-66 Departure Loading Page - Selecting Transition Inserted Departure Header APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS - Departure Identifier: [departure airport]-[departure runway]. [departure transition].
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Arrival (STAR) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) is loaded at the destination airport in the flight plan. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Destination Airport Selected Arrival Selected Transition Transitions Available with DBRY1 AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Arrival Waypoint Sequence FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Preview of Selected Arrival HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-69 Arrival Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Arrival Header APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS - Arrival Identifier: [arrival airport]-[arrival transition]. [arrival].[arrival runway] (e.g., KCOS-TBE.DBRY1.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Approach (APPR) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS An Approach Procedure (APPR) can be loaded at any airport that has an approach available. Only one approach can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. The route for a selected approach is defined by designating transition waypoints.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Destination Airport Selected Approach Selected Transition EIS Transitions Available with Selected Approach FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS Approach Waypoint Sequence Preview of Selected Approach Load Approach? HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-72 Approach Loading Page - Selecting the Transition Inserted Approach Header ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS - Approach Identifier: [approach airport].[runway and approach type] (e.g.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Plan Storage FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 can store up to 99 flight plans, numbered 1 through 99. The active flight plan is erased when the G950 is powered off or when another flight plan is activated. Details about each stored flight plan can be viewed on the Flight Plan Catalog Page and on the Stored Flight Plan Page. Viewing information about a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key on the MFD to display the Active Flight Plan Page.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Sort Flight Plans FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The stored flight plans can be sorted alphanumerically based on the flight plan name (comment) assigned to each flight plan. Sorting by flight plan name (comment): 1) Press the FPL Key and turn the small FMS Knob to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Highlight ‘Sort By Comment’ and press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 3) Press the COPY Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Copy Flight Plan’, and press the ENT Key. The ‘Copy to Flight Plan XX?’ window is displayed. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4) With ‘OK’ highlighted, press the ENT Key to copy the flight plan. To cancel the request, press the CLR Key, or highlight ‘CANCEL’ and press the ENT Key. Delete a Stored Flight Plan Individual or all stored flight plans can be deleted from the G950 memory.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Deleting Flight Plan Items FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Individual waypoints, entire airways, and entire procedures can be deleted from a flight plan. Some waypoints in the final approach segment (such as the FAF or MAP) can not be deleted individually. Attempting to delete a waypoint that is not allowed results in a window displaying ‘Invalid flight plan modification.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Deleting an individual waypoint from a stored flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Press the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page. 2) Turn the small FMS Knob clockwise one click to display the Flight Plan Catalog Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor and turn the FMS Knob to highlight the flight plan to be edited. 4) Press the EDIT Softkey; or press the MENU Key, select ‘Edit Flight Plan’ and press the ENT Key. The Stored Flight Plan Page is displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW entered from 1 to 99 nm in increments of 1 nm. Entering a negative offset distance results in an along track offset waypoint inserted before the selected waypoint, whereas entering a positive offset distance results in an along track offset waypoint inserted after the selected waypoint. Multiple offset waypoints are allowed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Parallel Track FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Parallel Track (PTK) feature allows creation of a parallel course offset of 1 to 50 nm left or right of the current flight plan. When Parallel Track is activated, the course line drawn on the map pages shows the parallel course, and waypoint names have a lower case “p” placed after the identifier. Using direct-to, loading an approach, a holding pattern, or editing and activating the flight plan automatically cancels Parallel Track.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Offset Direction Offset Distance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activation Prompt EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-77 Parallel Track Window Original Track HAZARD AVOIDANCE Parallel Track Parallel Track Waypoints AFCS - TIFTO-p - TOP-p - SLN-p - HYS-p - LAA-p Activating Parallel Track affects the entire active flight segment (e.g., enroute) ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES Figure 5-78 Parallel Track Active 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track with the message ‘Parallel Track Unavailable Approach Leg Active’. If the offset direction and distance results in an unreasonable route geometry the status indicates that the system is unable to activate the parallel track because of invalid geometry.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Activating a Flight Plan Leg The G950 allows selection of a highlighted leg as the “active leg” (the flight plan leg which is currently used for navigation guidance). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activating a flight plan leg: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management EIS New Active Flight Plan Leg AUDIO PANEL & CNS Confirmation Window Figure 5-82 Active Flight Plan Page - New Active Leg FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Inverting a Flight Plan Any flight plan may be inverted (reversed) for navigation back to the original departure point. Inverting the active flight plan: HAZARD AVOIDANCE 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD).
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Plan Views FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Information about flight plans can be viewed in more than one way. The active flight plan can be configured to show cumulative distance over the length of the flight plan or the distance for each leg of the flight plan; and the active flight plan can be viewed in a narrow or wide view.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Active Flight Plan Wide View AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Active Flight Plan Narrow View FLIGHT MANAGEMENT WIDE Softkey, NARROW Softkey LEG-LEG Softkey, CUM Softkey Figure 5-84 Active Flight Plan - Wide vs. Narrow View HAZARD AVOIDANCE The G950 allows airways on the active flight plan to be collapsed or expanded from the Active Flight Plan Page/Window. When airways have been collapsed, it is indicated on the airway heading.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Q3.FEPOT Airway FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Collapsed View Expanded View EIS Figure 5-85 Expanded/Collapsed Airways AUDIO PANEL & CNS Collapsing/expanding the airways in the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 2) Press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Collapse Airways’ or ‘Expand Airways’, and press the ENT Key. The airways are collapsed/expanded.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 5.7 Vertical Navigation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: The G950 supports vertical navigation for all lateral leg types except for CA, CI, FA, FM, HA, HM, PI, VA, VD, VI, VR, and VM. Vertical constraints are not retained in stored flight plans. EIS The G950 system Vertical Navigation (VNV) feature provides vertical profile guidance during the enroute and teminal phases of flight.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Canceling vertical navigation results in vertical deviation (V DEV), vertical speed required (VS REQ), and time to top of descent/bottom of descent (TIME TO TOD/BOD) going invalid. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and Required Vertical Speed Indication (RVSI) on the PFD are removed, and the V DEV, VS REQ, and TIME TO TOD items displayed in the CURRENT VNV PROFILE box are dashed. VNV remains disabled until manually enabled.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 3) Press the VNV Direct-To Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘VNV Direct-To’, and press the ENT Key. An ‘Activate vertical Direct-to to: NNNNNFT at XXXXXX?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) Press the ENT Key. Vertical guidance begins to the altitude constraint for the selected waypoint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 5) Press the FMS Knob to remove the flashing cursor.
Flight Management Light Blue Text Light Blue Subdued Text The system cannot use this altitude in determining vertical speed and deviation guidance because of an invalid constraint condition. Small Text Altitude is designated for use in giving vertical speed and deviation guidance. Altitude has been retrieved from the navigation database or has been entered manually and matches a published altitude in the navigation database.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management An altitude constraint is invalid if: • Meeting the constraint requires the aircraft to climb FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Meeting the constraint requires the maximum flight path angle or maximum vertical speed to be exceeded • The altitude constraint results in a TOD behind the aircraft present position • The constraint is within a leg type for which altitude constraints are not supported • The altitude constraint is added to the FAF of an approach that provides vertical guidan
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Reverting a manually entered altitude constraint back to the navigation database value: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page on the MFD. 2) Press the FMS Knob, and turn to highlight the desired waypoint altitude constraint. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the CLR Key. A ‘Remove or Revert to published VNV altitude of nnnnnFT?’ confirmation window is displayed. 4) Select ‘REVERT’ and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 5.8 Procedures FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 can access the whole range of instrument procedures available. Departures (DPs), arrivals (STARs), and non-precision and precision approaches (APPRs) are stored within the database and can be loaded using the Procedures (PROC) Key. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS The selected procedure for the departure or arrival airport is added to the active flight plan.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Departure Airport Available Procedure Actions FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS Departure Preview AUDIO PANEL & CNS Loaded Procedures Departure Choices Figure 5-89 Departure Selection FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Departure Loaded Departure HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys Figure 5-90 Departure Loading APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Viewing available departures at an airport: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key. EIS Flight Management 5) Turn the small FMS Knob to view the available runways. Press the ENT Key to select the runway. The cursor moves to the Transition box (only if there are available transitions). The departure is previewed on the map.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Arrivals FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) can be loaded at any airport that has one available. Only one arrival can be loaded at a time in a flight plan. If an arrival is loaded when another arrival is already in the active flight plan, the new arrival replaces the previous arrival. The route is defined by selection of an arrival, the transition waypoints, and a runway.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Loaded Arrival AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Selected Arrival Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-92 Arrival Loading Viewing available arrivals at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), select the STAR Softkey. The Arrival Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport Information Page.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Removing an Arrival from the Active Flight Plan When plans change while flying IFR, arrivals can be easily removed from the Active Flight Plan. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Removing an arrival from the active flight plan: 1) Press the FPL Key to display the Active Flight Plan Page (MFD) or the Active Flight Plan Window (PFD). 2) Press the MENU Key, and highlight ‘Remove Arrival’. 3) Press the ENT Key. A confirmation window is displayed listing the arrival procedure.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 WAAS GPS allows for flying LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, and LPV approaches according to the published chart. LNAV+V is a standard LNAV approach with advisory vertical guidance provided for assistance in maintaining a constant vertical glidepath similar to an ILS glideslope on approach. This guidance is displayed on the G950 PFD in the same location as the ILS glideslope using a magenta diamond.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Available Procedure Actions Destination Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS Approach Preview AUDIO PANEL & CNS Loaded Procedures Approach Choices Figure 5-93 Approach Selection FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Selected Approach Loaded Approach HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Procedure Loading Page Selection Softkeys LOAD or ACTIVATE? Annunciation Figure 5-94 Approach Loading APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Viewing available approaches at an airport: 1) From the Airport Information Page (first page in the WPT group), press the APR Softkey. The Approach Information Page is displayed, defaulting to the airport displayed on the Airport information Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) To select another airport, press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor, enter an identifier/facility name/city, and press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Activating an Approach A previously loaded approach can be activated from the Procedures Window. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Activating a previously loaded approach: 1) Press the PROC Key. The Procedures Window is displayed with ‘Activate Approach’ highlighted. 2) Press the ENT Key to activate the approach. EIS In many cases, it may be easiest to “load” the full approach while still some distance away, enroute to the destination airport.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Missed Approach Activating a missed approach in the active flight plan: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1) Press the PROC Key. 2) Turn the FMS Knob to highlight ‘ACTIVATE MISSED APPROACH’. 3) Press the ENT Key. The aircraft automatically sequences to the MAHP. Or: EIS Press the Go-Around Button.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.9 Trip Planning FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 allows the pilot to view trip planning information, fuel information, and other information for a specified flight plan or flight plan leg based on automatic data, or based on manually entered data. Weight planning is also available, based on fuel data and the active flight plan (to estimate remaining fuel).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Trip Statistics FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Management In flight plan mode (FPL) with a stored flight plan selected (NN), and the entire flight plan (CUM) selected, the waypoints are the starting and ending waypoints of the selected flight plan. The trip statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW Fuel Statistics FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The fuel statistics are calculated based on the selected starting and ending waypoints and the trip planning inputs. Some of the calculated trip statistics are dashed when the selected leg of the active flight plan has already been flown. • Fuel efficiency (EFFICIENCY) - This value is calculated by dividing the current ground speed by the current fuel flow. • Time of fuel endurance (TOTAL ENDUR) - This time is shown as hours:minutes.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Selecting automatic or manual page mode: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Flight Management Selecting flight plan or waypoint mode: Press the AUTO Softkey or the MANUAL Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Auto Mode’ or ‘Manual Mode’, and press the ENT Key. Press the FPL Softkey or the WPTS Softkey; or press the MENU Key, highlight ‘Flight Plan Mode’ or ‘Waypoints Mode’, and press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.10 RAIM Prediction FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) is a GPS receiver function that performs a consistency check on all tracked satellites. RAIM ensures that the available satellite geometry allows the receiver to calculate a position within a specified RAIM protection limit (2.0 nm for oceanic, 2.0 nm for enroute, 1.0 nm for terminal, and 0.3 nm for non-precision approaches).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 4) Enter the identifier, facility, or city name of the departure waypoint; or select a waypoint from the submenu of waypoints and press the ENT Key to accept the waypoint entry. 5) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival time and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 6) Turn the FMS Knobs to enter an arrival date and press the ENT Key. 7) Press the ENT Key with ‘COMPUTE RAIM?’ highlighted to begin the computation.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SBAS Status SBAS SELECTION Box - WAAS Enable/Disable EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS RAIM Softkey (displays RAIM PREDICTION) FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SBAS Softkey (displays SBAS Selection) Figure 5-100 SBAS Display - Active HAZARD AVOIDANCE Enabling/Disabling SBAS: 1) Select the AUX-GPS Status Page. 2) Press the SBAS Softkey. 3) Press the FMS Knob. The SBAS SELECTION ‘WAAS’ field is highlighted. AFCS 4) Press the ENT Key to disable SBAS.
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management SBAS Status SBAS SELECTION Box AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS - WAAS Enable/Disable RAIM Softkey FLIGHT MANAGEMENT (displays RAIM PREDICTION) SBAS Softkey (displays SBAS Selection) INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-101 SBAS Display - Active 238 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.11 Navigating a Flight Plan FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following discussion is an example of navigating a flight plan with the WAAS capable GPS system while the G950 provides vertical guidance through descents. A lateral flight plan (LNAV) would be navigated in much the same way, but would not include vertical guidance when the final approach course is active. nOTE: The following example flight plan is for instructional purposes only.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) ATC now assigns routing to join V4. A heading of 290º is assigned to intercept V4. The aircraft turns to heading 290° as seen in Figure 5-103. Figure 5-103 Assigned Heading of 290º HAZARD AVOIDANCE 4) Enter V4 into the flight plan. INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. 240 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW b) The desired entry point for V4 (TOP) must be entered. Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the desired flight plan insertion point (SLN) as shown in Figure 5-104. When the V4 entry point (TOP) is inserted, it is placed immediately above the highlighted waypoint (SLN). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-104 Begin Adding V4 to the Flight Plan c) Turn the small FMS Knob to display the Waypoint Information Window.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS d) Press the ENT Key. TOP is inserted into the flight plan as in Figure 5-106. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-106 TOP Inserted into the Flight Plan e) With SLN still highlighted as in Figure 5-106, turn the small FMS Knob clockwise. The Waypoint Information Page is displayed and the LD AIRWY Softkey is now available.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW h) Press the ENT Key. The list of available exits for V4 is now displayed as in Figure 5-108. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-108 List of Available Exits for V4 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT i) If necessary, turn either FMS Knob to select the desired exit. In this case Salina VOR (SLN) is selected as in Figure 5-108. j) Press the ENT Key. The selected airway and exit are displayed, and the prompt “LOAD?” highlighted as in Figure 5-109.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS l) V4 is now loaded into the flight plan as shown in Figure 5-110. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-110 V4 is Loaded in the Flight Plan 5) Making V4 the active leg of the flight plan. a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. HAZARD AVOIDANCE b) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight SLN. The TO waypoint of the leg is selected in order to activate the leg. AFCS c) Press the ACT LEG Softkey.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS d) Verify the displayed leg is the desired leg and press the ENT Key. Note in Figure 5-112, the magenta arrow in the flight plan window and magenta line on the map indicating V4 is now the active flight plan leg. Note the phase of flight remained in Terminal (TERM) mode up to this point because a departure leg was active. Since a leg after the departure is now active, the current CDI flight phase is ENR (Enroute) and CDI scaling has changed to 2.0 nm.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 7) As the CDI approaches center, the aircraft turns onto the active leg as seen in Figure 5-113. Figure 5-113 Turn on to Active Leg ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE 8) At SLN, Victor Airway 244 (V244) is intercepted. Turn prompts are displayed in the PFD Navigation Status Box as seen in Figure 5-114.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 9) As seen in Figure 5-115, V244 is now the active flight plan leg. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-115 V244 Now Active Leg HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 10) At Lamar VOR (LAA) V263 is intercepted. See Figure 5-116. Figure 5-116 HYS to LAA Leg Active 11) ATC grants clearance to proceed direct to the OPSHN intersection to begin the arrival procedure. ATC advises to expect an altitude of 10,000 feet at OPSHN. HAZARD AVOIDANCE a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor. b) Turn the large FMS Knob to select OPSHN in the flight plan list. ) Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW d) Turn the large FMS Knob to place the cursor in the VNV altitude field as shown in Figure 5-118. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-118 Enter VNV Altitude FLIGHT MANAGEMENT e) An altitude of 10,000 feet is entered as requested by ATC. f) Press the ENT Key. The cursor is now displayed in the VNV offset field as shown in Figure 5-119.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS h) Press the ENT Key twice to activate the direct-to. Note, in Figure 5-120, the magenta arrow indicating the directto OPSHN after the offset waypoint for OPSHN. The preceding offset waypoint indicates the offset distance and altitude that were previously entered. The remaining waypoints in the loaded arrival procedure have no database specified altitudes, therefore, dashes are displayed.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW b) ‘SELECT APPROACH’ should be highlighted as shown in Figure 5-121. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-121 Procedures Window c) Press the ENT Key. A list of available approaches for the destination airport is displayed as in Figure 5-122. HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES Figure 5-122 List of Available Approaches APPENDICES d) Turn either FMS Knob to select the LPV approach for 35R as shown in Figure 5-122.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS e) Press the ENT Key. A list of available transitions for the selected approach is displayed as in Figure 5-123. Figure 5-123 List of Available Transitions FLIGHT MANAGEMENT f) Turn either FMS Knob to select the desired transition. In this case, the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) at HABUK is used. g) Press the ENT Key.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-124 Barometric Minimums Set FLIGHT MANAGEMENT i) With ‘LOAD?’ highlighted, again press the ENT Key. The selected approach is added to the flight plan as seen in Figure 5-125. HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES Figure 5-125 Loaded Approach INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management 13) Note the altitude constraints associated with each of the approach waypoints as seen in Figure 5-126. These altitudes are loaded from the database and are displayed as light blue text, indicating these values are “designated” for use in computing vertical deviation guidance. EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: To no longer use the displayed altitude for calculating vertical deviation guidance, perform the following: a) Press the FMS Knob to activate the cursor.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 14) As the aircraft approaches OPSHN, it may be desirable to adjust the speed, or steepness of the upcoming descent. The default Flight Path Angle (FPA) is -3.0 degrees and a required vertical speed is computed to maintain the -3.0 FPA. To change the vertical flight path, perform the following steps. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS a) Press the VNV PROF Softkey to place the cursor in the target vertical speed field (VS TGT) as shown in Figure 5-127.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 15) As seen in Figure 5-128, the aircraft is approaching TOD. Note the target vertical speed required to reach the selected altitude. The Vertical Deviation Indicator (VDI) and the Required Vertical Speed Indicator (RVSI) are now displayed on the PFD as shown in Figure 5-129.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 16) Upon reaching TOD, a descent vertical speed is established by placing the VSI pointer in line with the RVSI as shown in Figure 5-130. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Align Actual Vertical Speed with Required Vertical Speed EIS Keep Vertical Deviation Pointer Centered AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 5-130 VDI & RVSI Showing Correctly Established Descent FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 17) When the aircraft is one minute from the bottom of descent (BOD) it is annunciated as shown in Figure 5-131.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 18) The aircraft is approaching OPSHN. The upcoming turn and next heading are annunciated at the top left of the PFD as seen in Figure 5-132. Initiate the turn and maneuver the aircraft on a track through the turn radius to intercept the magenta line for the OPSHN to FSHER leg and center the CDI.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 19) After passing OPSHN, the next leg of the arrival turns magenta as shown in Figure 5-133. The magenta arrow in the flight plan list now indicates the OPSHN to FSHER leg of the arrival procedure is now active. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 5-133 Tracking the OPSHN to FSHER Leg HAZARD AVOIDANCE 20) The flight continues through the arrival procedure to PYNON (see Figure 5-134).
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management Figure 5-134 Approaching PYNON 260 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 21) Upon passing PYNON the approach procedure automatically becomes active. The approach may be activated at any point to proceed directly to the IAF. In this example, the aircraft has progressed through the final waypoint of the arrival and the flight plan has automatically sequenced to the IAF as the active leg, activating the approach procedure (see Figure 5-135).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 22) The IAF is the next waypoint. At the TOD, establish a descent vertical speed as previously discussed in Step 16. The aircraft altitude is 9,000 feet upon reaching HABUK. INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figure 5-137 Descending Turn to the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) 262 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 23) After crossing FALUR the next waypoint is the FAF. The flight phase changes to LPV on the HSI indicating the current phase of flight is in Approach Mode and the approach type is LPV. CDI scaling changes accordingly and is used much like a localizer when flying an ILS approach. The RVSI is no longer displayed and the VDI changes to the Glidepath Indicator (as shown in Figure 5-138) when the final approach course becomes active.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 24) After crossing CEGIX, the aircraft continues following the glidepath to maintain the descent to “AT or ABOVE” 6,370 feet at the Missed Approach Point (MAP) (RW35R) as seen in Figure 5-139.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 25) Upon reaching the MAP, it is decided to execute a missed approach. Automatic waypoint sequencing is suspended past the MAP. Press the SUSP Softkey on the PFD to resume automatic waypoint sequencing through the missed approach procedure. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS A direct-to is initiated to MOGAL, which is the Missed Approach Hold Point (MAHP) as seen in Figure 5-140. The aircraft is climbing to 10,000 feet.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 26) The aircraft continues climbing to “AT or ABOVE” 10,000 feet at MOGAL. A holding pattern is established at the MAHP (MOGAL) as shown in Figure 5-141. Figure 5-141 Establishing the Holding Pattern APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE 27) The aircraft maintains 10,000 feet while following the magenta line through the hold as in Figure 5-142.
Flight Management SYSTEM OVERVIEW 5.12 Abnormal Operation This section discusses the Dead Reckoning mode of operation and the subsequent indications. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: Dead Reckoning Mode only functions in Enroute (ENR) or Oceanic (OCN) phase of flight. In all other phases, an invalid GPS solution produces a “NO GPS POSITION” annunciation on the map and the G950 stops using GPS.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Management FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Distance & Bearing EIS Current Track Indicator Dead Reckoning Annunciaion Wind Data AUDIO PANEL & CNS GPS Navigation Lost Message FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Bearing Pointer/ Distance Nav Data Bar All data except Active Leg, TAS, and DTK are in yellow HAZARD AVOIDANCE Wind Data Dead Reckoning Annunciation AFCS Navigation Information Display All GPSderived data is yellow ADDITIONAL FEATURES Subdued Aircraft Symbol APPENDICES Figure 5-143 Dead Re
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 6 Hazard Avoidance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Hazard avoidance features available for the G950 are designed to aid situational awareness and provide advisory information with regard to potential hazards to flight safety associated with terrain and air traffic. Terrain Avoidance • Terrain Proximity Traffic • Traffic Information Service (TIS) EIS 6.1 Terrain Proximity AUDIO PANEL & CNS Warning: Do not use Terrain Proximity information for primary terrain avoidance.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance to the surrounding terrain and obstacles. In this way, the pilot can view predicted dangerous terrain and obstacle conditions. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displaying Terrain Proximity Data The symbols and colors in Figure 6-1 and Table 6-1 are used to represent obstacles and aircraft altitude when the Terrain Proximity Page is selected for display. Terrain Proximity uses black, yellow, and red to represent terrain information relative to aircraft altitude.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW obstacle data are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Terrain data can be selected for display independently of obstacle data; however, obstacles recognized by Terrain Proximity as yellow or red are shown when terrain is selected for display and the map range is within the setting limit.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Additional information about obstacles can be displayed by panning over the display on the map. The map panning feature is enabled by pressing the RANGE Knob. The map range is adjusted by turning the RANGE Knob. If the map range is adjusted while panning is enabled, the map is re-centered on the Map Pointer.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW Showing/hiding aviation information on the Terrain Proximity Page: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Show Aviation Data’ or ‘Hide Aviation Data’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance 6.2 Traffic Information Service (TIS) FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS WARNING: The Traffic Information Service (TIS) is intended for advisory use only. TIS is intended to help the pilot locate traffic visually. It is the responsibility of the pilot to see and maneuver to avoid traffic. NOTE: TIS is available only when the aircraft is within the service volume of a TIS-capable terminal radar EIS site.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW Displaying TRAFFIC Data Traffic information can be displayed on the following maps (when TIS is operating): • PFD Inset Map • Trip Planning Page • Nearest Pages • Traffic Map Page • Active Flight Plan Page FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • Navigation Map Page Displaying traffic information (maps other than the Traffic Map Page): EIS 1) Press the MAP Softkey. 2) Press the TRAFFIC Softkey.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Navigation Map Page Setup Menu provides a means in addition to the softkey for enabling/disabling display of traffic. The setup menu also controls the map range settings above which traffic data (symbols and labels) are decluttered from the display. If a map range larger than the map range setting is selected, the data is removed from the map. Maps besides the Traffic Map Page use settings based on those selected for the Navigation Map Page.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 6-9 Navigation Map Page Menu EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 6-10 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu Figure 6-11 Navigation Map Page Setup Menu, Traffic Group HAZARD AVOIDANCE AFCS ADDITIONAL FEATURES APPENDICES INDEX 190-01146-00 Rev.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance Traffic Map Page FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Traffic Map Page is specialized to show surrounding TIS traffic data in relation to the aircraft’s current position and altitude, without clutter from the basemap. Aircraft orientation on this map is always heading up unless there is no valid heading. Map range is adjustable with the RANGE Knob from 2 to 12 nm, as indicated by the map range rings.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW TIS Alerts When the number of TAs on the Traffic Map Page increases from one scan to the next, the following occur: • A single “Traffic” voice alert is generated. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • A ‘TRAFFIC’ Annunciation appears to the top left of the Attitude Indicator on the PFD, flashing for 5 seconds and remaining displayed until no TAs are detected in the area. • The PFD Inset Map is automatically displayed with traffic.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance Muting the “TIS Not Available” voice alert: 1) Select the Traffic Map Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 2) Press the TNA MUTE Softkey. The status is displayed in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. Or: a) Press the MENU Key. b) Select ‘‘’Not Available” Mute On’ (shown if TNA muting is currently off) and press the ENT Key. EIS System Status AUDIO PANEL & CNS The G950 performs an automatic test of TIS during power-up.
Hazard Avoidance SYSTEM OVERVIEW Mode Traffic Mode Annunciation (Traffic Map Page) TIS Operating OPERATING TIS Failed* FAIL AUDIO PANEL & CNS STANDBY (also shown in white in center of page) Traffic Display Enabled Icon (Other Maps) EIS TIS Standby FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The traffic mode is annunciated in the upper left corner of the Traffic Map Page. When the aircraft is on the ground, TIS automatically enters Standby Mode.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Hazard Avoidance The annunciations to indicate the status of traffic information appear in a banner at the lower left corner of maps on which traffic can be displayed (Table 6-5). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Traffic Status Banner Annunciation TA OFF SCALE EIS TA X.
Automatic Flight Control System SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 7 Automatic Flight Control System FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Note: Refer to the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for the installed autopilot. 7.1 S-TEC Fifty Five X Autopilot (Optional) Flight Director Mode Annunciation EIS Note: Only the additional ‘FD’ mode annunciation that may appear in the G950 AFCS Status Box is discussed AUDIO PANEL & CNS below. This mode annunciation is not analogous to both the G950 and the S-TEC Fifty Five X.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Automatic Flight Control System Blank Page 284 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Additional Features SYSTEM OVERVIEW Section 8 Additional Features Additional features of the system include the following: FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS • SafeTaxi® diagrams • Scheduler SafeTaxi diagrams provide detailed taxiway, runway, and ramp information at more than 700 airports in the United States. By decreasing range on an airport that has a SafeTaxi diagram available, a close up view of the airport layout can be seen.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Additional Features FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS During ground operations the aircraft’s position is displayed in reference to taxiways, runways, and airport features. In the example shown, the aircraft is on taxiway Bravo approaching the High Alert Intersection boundary on KSFO airport. Airport Hot Spots are outlined in magenta. When panning over the airport, features such as runway holding lines and taxiways are shown at the cursor.
Additional Features SYSTEM OVERVIEW Configuring SafeTaxi range: 1) While viewing the Navigation Map Page, press the MENU Key to display the PAGE MENU. 2) Turn the large FMS Knob to highlight the Map Setup Menu Option and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS EIS AUDIO PANEL & CNS Figure 8-2 Navigation Map PAGE MENU, Map Setup Option 3) Turn the FMS Knob to select the Aviation Group and press the ENT Key. 4) Turn the large FMS Knob to scroll through the Aviation Group options to SAFETAXI.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Additional Features SafeTaxi Database Cycle Number and Revision FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SafeTaxi database is revised every 56 days. SafeTaxi is always available for use after the expiration date. When turning on the system, the Power-up Page indicates whether the databases are current, out of date, or not available. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS SafeTaxi Database FLIGHT MANAGEMENT Figure 8-4 Power-up Page, SafeTaxi Database HAZARD AVOIDANCE Power-up Page Display Definition Normal operation.
Additional Features SYSTEM OVERVIEW The SafeTaxi database cycle number shown in Figure 8-5, 09S4, is deciphered as follows: 09 – Indicates the year 2009 S – Indicates the data is for SafeTaxi FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 4 – Indicates the fourth issue of the SafeTaxi database for the year The SafeTaxi EFFECTIVE date 02–JUL–09 is the beginning date for the current database cycle. SafeTaxi EXPIRES date 27–AUG–09 is the revision date for the next database cycle.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Additional Features AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Figure 8-6 illustrates possible SafeTaxi database conditions that may appear on the AUX - System Status Page. The EFFECTIVE date is the beginning date for this database cycle. If the present date is before the effective date, the EFFECTIVE date appears in yellow and the EXPIRES date appears in blue. The EXPIRES date is the revision date for the next database cycle.
Additional Features SYSTEM OVERVIEW 8.2 Scheduler FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Scheduler feature can be used to enter and display reminder messages (e.g., Change oil, Switch fuel tanks, or Altimeter-Transponder Check) in the Alerts Window on the PFD. Messages can be set to display based on a specific date and time (event), once the message timer reaches zero (one-time; default setting), or recurrently whenever the message timer reaches zero (periodic).
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Additional Features 9) For event-based messages: a) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired date (DD-MM-YY) and press the ENT Key. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS b) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to the next field. c) Use the FMS Knob to enter the desired time (HH:MM) and press the ENT Key. 10) Press the ENT Key again or use the large FMS Knob to move the cursor to enter the next message. Deleting a scheduler message: 1) Select the AUX - Utility Page.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Annunciations and Alerts Note: The P2006T aircraft Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) supersedes information found in this FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS document. The G950 Alerting System conveys alerts using the following: EIS • Annunciation Window: The Annunciation Window displays abbreviated annunciation text. Text color is based on alert levels described in the following section. The Annunciation Window is located to the right of the Altimeter and Vertical Speed Indicator.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A • Audio Alerting System: The G950 System issues audio alert tones when specific system conditions are met. See the Alert Level Definitions Section for more information. Should the #1 GIA 63W fail, audio and voice alerts are not generated. The annunciation tone may be tested from the AUX - System Status Page. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Testing the system annunciation tone: 1) Use the FMS Knob to select the AUX - System Status Page. 2) Press the ANN TEST Softkey.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Alert Level Definitions The G950 Alerting System uses four alert levels. • WARNING: This level of alert requires immediate attention. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Warning alert text is shown in red in the Annunciation Window and is accompanied by a continuous chime and a flashing WARNING Softkey annunciation (see Figure A-3). Pressing the WARNING Softkey acknowledges the presence of the warning alert and stops the aural chime.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A Aircraft Alerts FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The following alerts are configured specifically for the the P2006T aircraft. See the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) for information regarding pilot responses.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW G950 System Annunciations NOTE: Upon power-up, certain windows remain invalid as G950 equipment begins to initialize. All windows FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS should be operational within one minute of power-up. If any window continues to remain flagged, the G950 System should be serviced by a Garmin-authorized repair facility.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A System Annunciation Comment System Annunciation FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Attitude and Heading Reference System is aligning. Display system is not receiving vertical speed input from the air data computer. AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS Display system is not receiving attitude information from the AHRS. Display system is not receiving valid heading input from AHRS. Display system is not receiving altitude input from the air data computer.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW G950 System Message Advisories FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS This section describes various G950 system message advisories. Certain messages are issued due to an LRU or an LRU function failure. Such messages are normally accompanied by a corresponding red ‘X’ annunciation as shown previously in the G950 System Annunciation section. Note: This Section provides information regarding G950 message advisories that may be displayed by the system.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A Database Message Advisories INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 aviation database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 aviation database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 basemap database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 basemap database error exists. MFD1 DB ERR – MFD1 terrain database error exists. PFD1 DB ERR – PFD1 terrain database error exists.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Comments The PFD and MFD have different aviation database versions installed. Crossfill is off. Install correct aviation database version in both displays. The PFD and MFD have different aviation database types installed (Americas, European, etc.). Crossfill is off. Install correct aviation database type in both displays. The PFD and MFD have different terrain database versions installed. Crossfill is off. Install correct terrain database version in both displays.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A Comments The GIA1 and/or GIA2 self-test has detected a problem in the unit. The G950 system should be serviced. A GIA mismatch has been detected, where only one is WAAS capable. The GIA1 and/or GIA 2 has incorrect software installed. The G950 system should be serviced. The system has detected an over temperature condition in COM1 and/or COM2. The transmitter operates at reduced power. If the problem persists, the G950 system should be serviced.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Comments Abort approach due to loss of GPS navigation. Vertical guidance generated by WAAS is unavailable, use LNAV only minimums. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Displayed after passing the first waypoint of a true north approach when the nav angle is set to ‘AUTO’. A failure has been detected in the GPS1 and/or GPS2 receiver. The receiver may still be available. The G950 system should be serviced. EIS A failure has been detected in the NAV1 and/or NAV2 receiver.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A GRS 77 Message Advisories Comments The #1 AHRS is not receiving true airspeed from the air data computer. The AHRS relies on GPS information to augment the lack of airspeed. The G950 system should be serviced. AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 using backup The #1 AHRS is using the backup GPS path. Primary GPS path has failed. The G950 GPS source. system should be serviced when possible. AHRS1 GPS – AHRS1 not receiving The #1 AHRS is not receiving any or any useful GPS information.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW GDC 74A Message Advisories Comments GDC1 is reporting that the altitude error correction is unavailable. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message ADC1 ALT EC – ADC1 altitude error correction is unavailable. ADC1 AS EC – ADC1 airspeed error correction is unavailable. MANIFEST – GDC1 software mismatch, communication halted. GDC1 is reporting that the airspeed error correction is unavailable. The GDC 74A has incorrect software installed. The G950 system should be serviced.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Message ARSPC AHEAD – Airspace ahead less than 10 minutes. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near and ahead. ARSPC NEAR – Airspace near – less than 2 nm. APPR INACTV – Approach is not active. SLCT FREQ – Select appropriate frequency for approach. SLCT NAV – Select NAV on CDI for approach. PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: bad geometry. PTK FAIL – Parallel track unavailable: invalid leg type.
Appendix A SYSTEM OVERVIEW Flight Plan Import/Export Messages In some circumstances, some messages may appear in conjunction with others. ‘User waypoint database full. Not all loaded.’ AFCS ‘Flight plan successfully exported.’ ‘Flight plan export failed.’ HAZARD AVOIDANCE ‘One or more user waypoints renamed.’ FLIGHT MANAGEMENT ‘Some waypoints not loaded. Waypoints locked.’ AUDIO PANEL & CNS ‘Too many points. Flight plan truncated.’ EIS ‘File contained user waypoints only.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix A Voice Alerts FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Voice alerts are provided to the G950 by the #1 GIA 63W; should this unit fail, audio and voice alerts are not generated.
Appendix B SYSTEM OVERVIEW SD Card Use and Databases FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The G950 System uses Secure Digital (SD) cards to load and store various types of data. For basic flight operations, SD cards are required for database storage as well as Jeppesen navigation and ChartView database updates. CAUTION: Do not load Jeppesen navigation data (except ChartView) onto Garmin Supplemental Data Cards.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix B EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 3) Press the ENT Key to start the database update. A prompt similar to the following is displayed: Figure B-2 Database Update Confirmation AUDIO PANEL & CNS 4) After the update completes, the PFD continues to power-up normally. 5) Turn the G950 System OFF and remove the SD card. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT 6) Repeat steps 1 through 4 for the MFD. The MFD and PFD databases are now updated. Remove the SD card when finished.
Appendix B SYSTEM OVERVIEW Since these databases are not stored internally in the PFD or MFD, a Supplemental Data Card containing identical database versions must be kept in each display unit. A Supplemental Data Card should be inserted into the bottom card slot of the PFD and the MFD and not removed except for updating the card. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The Garmin database updates can be obtained by following the instructions detailed in the ‘Aviation Databases’ section of the Garmin website (www.garmin.com).
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix B Blank Page 312 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Appendix C SYSTEM OVERVIEW Glossary auxiliary Automated Weather Observing System B ALT BARO BATT BC Bearing barometric altitude barometric setting battery backcourse The compass direction from the present position to a destination waypoint.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix C Course FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Course to Steer AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS CR CRG CRNT Crosstrack Error HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT CRS CRS CRSR CTA CTRL Cumulative CVR CVRG CWS CYL APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS D ALT DB, DBASE dBZ DCLTR, DECLTR DEC FUEL deg DEIC, DEICE DEP Desired Track INDEX DEST DF DFLT DGRD 314 The line between two points to be followed by the aircraft. The recommended direction to steer in order to reduce course error or stay on course.
Appendix C G/S, GS GA gal, gl GBOX GDC GDL GDU GEA GEO GFC GIA GLS glideslope go-around gallon(s) gearbox Garmin Air Data Computer Garmin Satellite Data Link Garmin Display Unit Garmin Engine/Airframe Unit geographic Garmin Flight Control Garmin Integrated Avionics Unit Global Navigation Satellite Landing System GMA Garmin Audio Panel System GMT Greenwich Mean Time GMU Garmin Magnetometer Unit GND ground gph gallons per hour GPS Global Positioning System Grid MORA Grid Minimum Off-Route Altitude; one degr
GRS GS GTX Garmin Reference System Ground speed Garmin Transponder HA HDG Heading Hold Terminating at Altitude heading The direction an aircraft is pointed, based upon indications from a magnetic compass or a properly set directional gyro. Hold Terminating at Fix Horizontal Figure of Merit mercury high High Sensitivity Hold with Manual Termination A measure of the uncertainty in the aircraft’s horizontal position.
Appendix C Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T INDEX pressure altitude Passenger Address Proximity Advisory passenger(s) personal computer Primary Flight Display Procedure Turn to Course Intercept pitch position parts per million Present Position pressure procedure(s), procedure turn pounds per square inch Procedure Turn APPENDICES P ALT PA PA PASS PC PFD PI PIT, PTCH POSN PPM P.
EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix C PTK PTT PWR parallel track Push-to-Talk power SEL, SLCT SFC SIAP QTY quantity R RAD RAIM REQ RES REV RF RMI RMT RNG RNWY ROL ROM rpm RST FUEL RSV RT RVRSNRY RX right, right runway radial Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring random access memory reference remaining (fuel remaining above Reserve) required reserve (fuel reserve entered by pilot) reverse, revision, revise Constant Radius Turn to Fix Radio Magnetic Indicator remote range runway roll
Appendix C APPENDICES INDEX Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T ADDITIONAL FEATURES transfer transponder cross-talk cross-track AFCS 190-01146-00 Rev. A XFER, XFR XPDR XTALK XTK HAZARD AVOIDANCE velocity (airspeed) Heading Vector to Altitude VOR approach variation Heading Vector to DME Distance volts, direct current vertical A measure of the uncertainty in the aircraft’s vertical position.
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix C Blank Page 320 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Appendix D SYSTEM OVERVIEW Frequently Asked Questions FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS If a particular aspect of G950 operational capability is not addressed by these commonly asked questions or in the index, contact Garmin (see the copyright page or back cover for contact information) or a Garmin-authorized dealer. Garmin is dedicated to supporting its products and customers. What is WAAS? EIS The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) uses a system of ground stations to correct any GPS signal errors.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix D Why might there be no approaches available for a flight plan? FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Approaches are available for the final destination airport in a flight plan or as a direct-to (keep in mind that some VOR/VORTAC identifiers are similar to airport identifiers). If a destination airport does not have a published approach, the G950 indicates “NONE” for the available procedures.
Appendix D SYSTEM OVERVIEW When OBS mode is active, the G950 allows the pilot to set a desired course to/from a waypoint using the CRS/BARO Knob and HSI (much like a VOR). FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The most common application for using the OBS Softkey is the missed approach. The G950 suspends automatic waypoint sequencing (indicated by a ‘SUSP’ annunciation placed on the HSI) when the missed approach point (MAP) is crossed.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix D Why does the HSI not respond like a VOR when OBS mode is active? FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Unlike a VOR, the CDI scale used on GPS equipment is based on the crosstrack distance to the desired course, not on the angular relationship to the destination. Therefore, the CDI deflection on the GPS is constant regardless of the distance to the destination and does not become less sensitive when further away from the destination.
Appendix E SYSTEM OVERVIEW General TIS Information FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS NOTE: Aircraft without an operating transponder are invisible to TIS. NOTE: TIS is not intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot of the responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft. TIS should not be used for avoidance maneuvers during instrument meterorlogical conditions (IMC) or when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft.
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix E WARNING: Garmin is not responsible for Mode S geographical coverage. Operation of the ground stations is the responsibility of the FAA. Refer to the AIM for a Terminal Mode S radar site map. EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TIS information is collected during a single radar sweep. Collected information is then sent through the Mode S uplink on the next radar sweep. Because of this, the surveillance information is approximately five seconds old.
Appendix F SYSTEM OVERVIEW Map Symbols Airports Basemap Symbol Item Interstate Highway Non-towered, Non-serviced Airport State Highway Towered, Non-serviced Airport US Highway Symbol EIS Unknown Airport FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Item National Highway Non-towered, Serviced Airport AUDIO PANEL & CNS City Towered, Serviced Airport State/Province Border Restricted (Private) Airport Heliport FLIGHT MANAGEMENT International Border Road NAVAIDS Railroad Symbol HAZARD AVOIDANCE Item Latitude/Long
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix F Hazard Avoidance Features FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Feature Miscellaneous Symbol Terrain Proximity display enabled ARTCC Frequency or FSS Frequency Traffic display enabled Map Pointer (when panning) EIS Loss of hazard avoidance feature (a white X is shown over the symbol to indicate not available; e.g.
Appendix F SYSTEM OVERVIEW Obstacle Database Unlighted Obstacle Lighted Obstacle < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL < 1000’ AGL > 1000’ AGL Obstacle Location FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Red obstacle is above or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow obstacle is between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude EIS Gray obstacle is more than 1000 ft below aircraft altitude AUDIO PANEL & CNS Table G-1 Obstacle Colors Terrain Avoidance Colors and Symbols Aircraft Altitude 100 ft Threshold FLIGHT MANAGEM
INDEX APPENDICES ADDITIONAL FEATURES AFCS HAZARD AVOIDANCE FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS SYSTEM OVERVIEW Appendix F Blank Page 330 Garmin G950 Pilot’s Guide for the Tecnam P2006T 190-01146-00 Rev.
Index B Backlighting-------------------------------------------------- 42 Barometric setting, Altimeter----------------------46, 52–53 Bearing/distance, measuring------------------------------129 Bearing information--------------------------------47, 58–59 C EIS Calibrated Airspeed-----------------------------------------231 CAUTION-----------------------------------------------------295 Caution alerts-----------------------------------------------296 CDI---------------------------- 225, 239, 250, 258,
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Index FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Direct-to-- 151, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 214, 215, 248, 250, 265 Display backup----------------------------------------------- 83 Display controls----------------------------------------- 18–25 DME information window---------------------------------- 59 E EIS Emergency Frequency--------------------------------------115 Engine Indication System (EIS)------------------------ 77–78 Entering Flight ID------------------------------------ 102, 107 Entertainment
Index ADDITIONAL FEATURES T R Terrain--------------------------------------------------------301 Color indications-----------------------------------------329 Terrain-SVS---------------------------------------------------283 Timer Departure--------------------------------------------------- 40 Flight-------------------------------------------------------- 40 TOPO DATA------------------------------------- 130, 131, 140 Top of Descent (TOD)-------------------------- 255, 256, 262 INDEX Garmin G950 Pilot
SYSTEM OVERVIEW Index FLIGHT MANAGEMENT AUDIO PANEL & CNS EIS FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS TOPO SCALE-------------------------------------------------132 Track----------------------------------------------------------- 55 Traffic Advisory (TA)----------------------------------------- 71 Traffic Annunciation----------------------------------------- 47 Traffic Information Service (TIS)-------------------- 325–326 Voice alerts------------------------------------------------- 71 Transponder-------------------------
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