User Guide

Abraham Lincoln (Americans): From humble beginnings and largely self-
taught, Lincoln rose to become one of America’s greatest Presidents. Directing
the nation through the Civil War, his will, intellect, and political skill were critical
for the survival of the fledgling democracy. Most often associated with the
emancipation of slaves, the reunification of the country and the preservation of
democracy are his lasting contributions.
In Civilization, Abraham Lincoln and the Americans are most likely to become
a democracy. While they look to expand, they are not overly aggressive.
Alexander the Great (Greeks): Alexander inherited the throne of Macedonia in
336 BC and quickly gained control of all Greece. At the head of an allied Greek
army, he set out on one of the greatest military campaigns of history. Within
twelve years he had conquered the enormous Persian empire to the east, Egypt to
the south, and the western part of modern India. Only the reluctance of his men
to continue ended the conquests. He died prematurely of fever at the age of 33,
but in this short span established himself as one of the greatest generals of all
time.
If you encounter Alexander and the Greeks, they can be expected to expand
aggressively.
Elizabeth I (English): Queen of England for 45 years, she inherited a strife-torn,
failing nation and built it into a first-rate European power. Her main adversaries
were the Spanish under Philip II, who went into a steady decline after the defeat
of their Armada in 1588. Elizabeth was known for important domestic reforms as
well as shrewd diplomatic and military maneuvers. Her reign was marked by a
general flowering of the English economy and culture. She presided over the
beginnings of the British empire, not quite living to see the establishment of
English colonies in North America.
Elizabeth is a formidable foe, aggressively expanding and competently
growing at home.
Genghis Khan (Mongols): After uniting the Mongol tribes, he conquered the
Chin Empire of northern China by 1215. For the next nine years his armies
moved westward, overrunning all in their path and reaching well into eastern
Europe. The Mongol hordes were armies of mounted bowmen who were
outstanding riders and marksmen. Their recurved bow design was technologically
ahead of Western weapons, being both compact and powerful. From his capital at
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Leader Biographies
The civilizations that oppose you are ruled by well-known figures from history.
For example, if you encounter the Greeks, they are ruled by Alexander the Great.
The strengths and weaknesses of the leader are reflected in how that person
manages his or her civilization. Alexander, who conquered most of the known
world in his time, may be expected to be similarly aggressive if he appears as one
of your rivals. Each rival leader in Civilization is rated in three categories:
Aggression, Development, and Militarism. Within each category there is a scale of
behavior. The leader may be at one end or the other, or neutral.
Aggression: This measures how likely the leader is to go to war with his
neighbors. Aggressive leaders are likely to choose war even when involved in
several wars already. Friendly leaders are likely to make peace even when not at
war elsewhere.
Development: Expansionist leaders are interested in expanding the size of their
civilizations and devote resources to building Settlers and sending them out to
found new cities. Perfectionist leaders, the other end of the scale, are more
interested in building up individual cities and improving the terrain around them.
While they do expand, they do so at a much slower rate than their opposites.
Militarism: Militaristic leaders seek to acquire technology that leads to better
weapons. Civilized leaders seek technologies that are most useful in improving
their civilizations economically and politically.
You can learn about the personality of a leader of any civilization with which
you have established an embassy from your Intelligence Advisor. Press the Info
button for the civilization and look under the leader’s name. Listed there are the
personality characteristics of the leader. For any category that is not mentioned,
the leader is neutral. For example, Elizabeth I is listed only as Expansionist. That
indicates she is neutral regarding Aggression and Militarism. Be aware that these
personality traits are only tendencies and that all leaders are capable of any type of
action, depending on circumstances.
The leaders and civilizations that you may encounter are listed below. For each
there is a brief biographical note and a hint or two on what to expect if you
encounter them.
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CIVILIZATION
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CIVILIZATION
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