C141-E088-01EN MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT DISK DRIVES PRODUCT MANUAL
FOR SAFE OPERATION Handling of This Manual This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using the product. Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the section “Important Alert Items” in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully. FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering damage to their property. Use the product according to this manual.
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Revision History (1/1) Edition Date Revised section (*1) (Added/Deleted/Altered) Details 01 1999-07-20 — — *1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted.
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Preface This manual describes the MHJ Series and MHK Series, 2.5-inch hard disk drives. These drives have a built-in controller that is compatible with the ATA interface. This manual describes the specifications and functions of the drives and explains in detail how to incorporate the drives into user systems. This manual assumes that the reader has a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their implementations in computer systems.
Preface Conventions for Alert Messages This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word. The following are the alert signals and their meanings: This indicates a hazarous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly.
Preface Liability Exception “Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or replacement. Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user misoperation or mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the power supply or cable, problems of the host system, or other causes outside the disk drive.
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Important Alert Items Important Alert Messages The important alert messages in this manual are as follows: A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also, damage to the predate or other property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Task Normal Operation C141-E088-01EN Alert message Page Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk near strong magnetic soures such as loud speakers.
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Manual Organization MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT DISK DRIVES PRODUCT MANUAL (C141-E088) • • • • • • Device Overview Device Configuration Installation Conditions Theory of Device Operation Interface Operations MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT • Maintenance and Diagnosis • Removal and Replacement Procedure DISK DRIVES MAINTENANCE MANUAL (C141-F038) C141-E088-01EN vii
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Contents CHAPTER 1 Device Overview........................................................................ 1-1 1.1 C141-E088-01EN 1-2 1.1.1 Functions and performance 1.1.2 Adaptability 1.1.3 Interface 1.2 CHAPTER 2 Features 1-2 1-2 1-3 Device Specifications 1-4 1.2.1 Specifications summary 1-4 1.2.2 Model and product number 1.3 Power Requirements 1.4 Environmental Specifications 1.5 Acoustic Noise 1.6 Shock and Vibration 1.7 Reliability 1-9 1.8 Error Rate 1-10 1.
Contents CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions..............................................................3-1 3.1 Dimensions 3.2 Mounting 3.3 Cable Connections 3-9 3.3.1 Device connector 3-9 3.3.2 Cable connector specifications 3.3.3 Device connection 3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) 3.4 CHAPTER 4 3-4 Jumper Settings 3-10 3-10 3-11 3-11 3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers 3.4.2 Factory default setting 3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting 3.4.
Contents 4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) 4.6.2 Write circuit 4-10 4.6.3 Read circuit 4-12 4.6.4 Digital PLL circuit 4.7 CHAPTER 5 4-13 4-14 4.7.1 Servo control circuit 4.7.2 Data-surface servo format 4.7.3 Servo frame format 4.7.4 Actuator motor control 4.7.5 Spindle motor control 4-14 4-18 4-18 4-19 4-20 Interface ..................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Physical Interface 5-2 5.1.1 Interface signals 5-2 5.1.
Contents 5.5.2 Phases of operation 5-87 5.5.2.1 Ultra DMA burst initiation phase 5.5.2.2 Data transfer phase 5-87 5-88 5.5.2.3 Ultra DMA burst termination phase 5.5.3 Ultra DMA data in commands 5-88 5-89 5.5.3.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.5.3.2 The data in transfer 5-89 5-90 5.5.3.3 Pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5-90 5.5.3.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands 5-91 5-94 5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.5.4.
Contents CHAPTER 6 Operations ................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Device Response to the Reset 6.1.1 Response to power-on 6.1.2 Response to hardware reset 6-4 6.1.3 Response to software reset 6-5 6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command 6.2 Address Translation 6-7 6.2.1 Default parameters 6-7 6.2.2 Logical address 6.3 Power Save 6-2 6-9 Power save mode 6-9 6.3.2 Power commands 6-11 Defect Management 6-11 6.4.1 Spare area 6.
Contents Illustrations Figures Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Disk drive outerview (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) Configuration of disk media heads 2-3 1 drive system configuration 2-4 2 drives configuration 2-4 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7 Figure 3.8 Figure 3.9 Figure 3.10 Figure 3.11 Figure 3.12 Figure 3.13 Figure 3.14 Figure 3.
Contents Figure 5.4 Protocol for command abort 5-81 Figure 5.5 WRITE SECTOR(S) command protocol 5-82 Figure 5.6 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer 584 Figure 5.7 Normal DMA data transfer 5-85 Figure 5.8 An example of generation of parallel CRC 5-99 Figure 5.9 Ultra DMA termination with pull-up or pull-down 5-100 Figure 5.10 Data transfer timing 5-102 Figure 5.11 Multiword DMA data transfer timing (mode 2) 5-103 Figure 5.12 Starting of Ultra DMA data In Burst transfer 5-104 Figure 5.
Contents Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Self-calibration execution timechart 4-9 Write precompensation algorithm 4-10 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table 5.3 Table 5.4 Table 5.15 Table 5.16 Table 5.17 Table 5.
CHAPTER 1 Device Overview 1.1 Features 1.2 Device Specifications 1.3 Power Requirements 1.4 Environmental Specifications 1.5 Acoustic Noise 1.6 Shock and Vibration 1.7 Reliability 1.8 Error Rate 1.9 Media Defects Overview and features are described in this chapter, and specifications and power requirement are described. The MHJ Series and MHK Series are 2.5-inch hard disk drives with built-in disk controllers.
Device Overview 1.1 Features 1.1.1 Functions and performance The fillowing features of the MHJ Series and MHK Series are described. (1) Compact The MHJ2181AT has 3 disks, and its height is 12.5 mm (0.492 inch). The MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT and MHK2060AT have 1 disk or 2 disks of 65 mm (2.5 inches) diameter, and its height is 9.5 mm (0.374 inch). (2) Large capacity The disk drive can record up to 6.0 GB (formatted) on one disk using the 16/17 MTR recording method and 15 recording zone technology.
1.1 Features 1.1.3 Interface (1) Connection to interface With the built-in ATA interface controller, the disk drives (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) can be connected to an ATA interface of a personal computer. (2) 512-KB data buffer The disk drives (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) uses a 512-KB data buffer to transfer data between the host and the disk media.
Device Overview 1.2 Device Specifications 1.2.1 Specifications summary Table 1.1 shows the specfications of the disk drives (MHJ Series and MHK Series). Table 1.1 Specifications (1/2) Format Capacity (*1) Number of Heads MHJ2181AT MHK2120AT MHK2090AT MHK2060AT 18.1 GB 12.0 GB 9.0 GB 6.0 GB 6 4 3 2 Number of Cylinders (User) 14,784 Bytes per Sector 512 Recording Method 16/17 MTR Track Density 24,300 TPI Bit Density 383 Kbpi Rotational Speed 4,200 rpm ± 1% Average Latency 7.
1.3 Power Requirements Under the CHS mode (normal BIOS specification), formatted capacity, number of cylinders, number of heads, and number of sectors are as follows. Table 1.1 Specifications (2/2) Model Formatted Capacity No. of Cylinder No. of Heads No. of Sectors MHJ2181AT 8,455.20 MB 16,383 16 63 MHK2120AT 8,455.20 MB 16,383 16 63 MHK2090AT 8,455.20 MB 16,383 16 63 MHK2060AT 6,007.35 MB 12,416 15 63 1.2.2 Model and product number Table 1.
Device Overview (3) Current Requirements and Power Dissipation Table 1.3 lists the current and power dissipation. Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation Typical RMS Current Typical Power (*3) MHJ Series MHK Series MHJ Series MHK Series 0.9 A 0.9 A 4.5 W 4.5 W Idle 170 mA 170 mA 0.85 W 0.85 W R/W (on track) (*2) 460 mA 460 mA 2.3 W 2.3 W Seek (*5) 460 mA 460 mA 2.3 W 2.3 W Standby 56 mA 56 mA 0.28 W 0.28 W Sleep 20 mA 20 mA 0.1 W 0.1 W — — 0.047 W/GB 0.
1.4 Environmental Specifications (5) Power on/off sequence The voltage detector circuits (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) monitor +5 V. The circuits do not allow a write signal if either voltage is abnormal. These prevent data from being destroyed and eliminates the need to be concerned with the power on/off sequence. 1.4 Environmental Specifications Table 1.4 lists the environmental specifications. Table 1.
Device Overview 1.5 Acoustic Noise Table 1.5 lists the acoustic noise specification. Table 1.5 Acoustic noise specification Item Specification Sound Pressure • Idle mode (DRIVE READY) 30 dBA typical at 1 m Note: Measure the noise from the cover top surface. 1.6 Shock and Vibration Table 1.6 lists the shock and vibration specification. Table 1.6 Shock and vibration specification Item Specification Vibration (swept sine, one octave per minute) • Operating 5 to 500 Hz, 1.
1.7 Reliability 1.7 Reliability (1) Mean time between failures (MTBF) Conditions of 300,000 h Power-on time Operating time CSS operations Power on/off Environment 250H/month or less 3000H/years or less 20% or less of power-on time 50/day or less Total 50,000 or less 1/day or more needed.
Device Overview 1.8 Error Rate Known defects, for which alternative blocks can be assigned, are not included in the error rate count below. It is assumed that the data blocks to be accessed are evenly distributed on the disk media. (1) Unrecoverable read error Read errors that cannot be recovered by maximum read retries of drive without user’s retry and ECC corrections shall occur no more than 10 times when reading 14 data of 10 bits.
CHAPTER 2 Device Configuration 2.1 Device Configuration 2.2 System Configuration This chapter describes the internal configurations of the hard disk drives and the configuration of the systems in which they operate.
Device Configuration 2.1 Device Configuration Figure 2.1 shows the disk drive. The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE), read/write preamplifier, and controller PCA. The disk enclosure contains the disk media, heads, spindle motors, actuators, and a circulating air filter. MHJ21xxAT MHK2xxxAT Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview (the MHJ Series and MHK Series) (1) Disk The outer diameter of the disk is 65 mm. The inner diameter is 20 mm.
2.1 Device Configuration Head 5 4 3 Head 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 MHJ2181AT MHK2120AT MHK2090AT Head 1 0 MHK2060AT Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads (3) Spindle motor The disks are rotated by a direct drive Hall-less DC motor. (4) Actuator The actuator uses a revolving voice coil motor (VCM) structure which consumes low power and generates very little heat.
Device Configuration 2.2 System Configuration 2.2.1 ATA interface Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show the ATA interface system configuration. The drive has a 44-pin PC AT interface connector and supports the PIO transfer at 16.6 MB/s (ATA-3, Mode 4), the DMA transfer at 16.6 MB/s (ATA-3, Multiword Mode 2) and also the U-DMA at 66.6 MB/s (ATA-3, Mode 4). 2.2.2 1 drive connection MHJ2181AT MHK2120AT MHC2032AT MHK2090AT MHC2040AT MHK2060AT Figure 2.3 1 drive system configuration 2.2.
2.2 System Configuration HA (host adaptor) consists of address decoder, driver, and receiver. ATA is an abbreviation of “AT attachment”. The disk drive is conformed to the ATA-4 interface. At high speed data transfer (PIO mode 3, mode 4, or DMA mode 2 U-DMA mode 4), occurence of ringing or crosstalk of the signal lines (AT bus) between the HA and the disk drive may be a great cause of the obstruction of system reliability.
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CHAPTER 3 Installation Conditions 3.1 Dimensions 3.2 Mounting 3.3 Cable Connections 3.4 Jumper Settings This chapter gives the external dimensions, installation conditions, surface temperature conditions, cable connections, and switch settings of the hard disk drives.
Installation Conditions 3.1 Dimensions Figure 3.1 illustrates the dimensions of the disk drive and positions of the mounting screw holes. All dimensions are in mm. Figure 3.
3.1 Dimensions Figure 3.
Installation Conditions 3.2 Mounting (1) Orientation Figure 3.2 illustrates the allowable orientations for the disk drive. gravity (a) Horizontal –1 (b) Horizontal –1 gravity (c) Vertical –1 (d) Vertical –2 gravity (e) Vertical –3 (f) Vertical –4 Figure 3.
3.2 Mounting (2) Frame The MR head bias of the HDD disk enclosure (DE) is zero. The mounting frame is connected to SG. Use M3 screw for the mounting screw and the screw length should satisfy the specification in Figure 3.3. The tightening torque must be 5 kgcm. When attaching the HDD to the system frame, do not allow the system frame to touch parts (cover and base) other than parts to which the HDD is attached. (3) Limitation of mounting Do not use the center hole. For screw length, see Figure 3.3.
Installation Conditions Because of breather hole mounted to the HDD, do not allow this to close during mounting. Locating of breather hole is shown as Figure 3.4 in both MHJ series and MHK series. For breather hole of Figure 3.4, at least, do not allow its around φ3 to block. Figure 3.
3.2 Mounting (4) Ambient temperature The temperature conditions for a disk drive mounted in a cabinet refer to the ambient temperature at a point 3 cm from the disk drive. The ambient temperature must satisfy the temperature conditions described in Section 1.4, and the airflow must be considered to prevent the DE surface temperature from exceeding 60°C. Provide air circulation in the cabinet such that the PCA side, in particular, receives sufficient cooling.
Installation Conditions (5) Service area Figure 3.6 shows how the drive must be accessed (service areas) during and after installation. Mounting screw hole Cable connection Mounting screw hole Figure 3.6 Service area (Sample: MHJ2181AT) Data corruption: Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive is not affected by external magnetic fields. Also, do not press the cover of the disk drive.
3.3 Cable Connections 3.3 Cable Connections 3.3.1 Device connector The disk drive has the connectors and terminals listed below for connecting external devices. Figure 3.7 shows the locations of these connectors and terminals. PCA Connector, setting pins Figure 3.
Installation Conditions 3.3.2 Cable connector specifications Table 3.2 lists the recommended specifications for the cable connectors. Table 3.2 Cable connector specifications ATA interface and power supply cable (44-pin type) Name Model Manufacturer Cable socket (44-pin type) 89361-144 BERG For the host interface cable, use a ribbon cable. A twisted cable or a cable with wires that have become separated from the ribbon may cause crosstalk between signal lines.
3.4 Jumper Settings 3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1) Figure 3.9 shows the pin assignment of the power supply connector (CN1). Figure 3.9 Power supply connector pins (CN1) 3.4 Jumper Settings 3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers Figure 3.10 shows the location of the jumpers to select drive configuration and functions. Figure 3.
Installation Conditions 3.4.2 Factory default setting Figure 3.11 shows the default setting position at the factory. Open Figure 3.11 Factory default setting 3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting Master device (device #0) or slave device (device #1) is selected. 1 Open A C 1 C A Short Open 2 D B 2 D B Open (a) Master drive (b) Slave drive Figure 3.12 Jumper setting of master or slave device Note: Pins A and C should be open.
3.4 Jumper Settings 3.4.4 CSEL setting Figure 3.13 shows the cable select (CSEL) setting. Open 1 C A 2 D B Short Note: The CSEL setting is not depended on setting between pins Band D. Figure 3.13 CSEL setting Figure 3.14 and 3.15 show examples of cable selection using unique interface cables. By connecting the CSEL of the master device to the CSEL Line (conducer) of the cable and connecting it to ground further, the CSEL is set to low level. The device is identified as a master device.
Installation Conditions Figure 3.
CHAPTER 4 Theory of Device Operation 4.1 Outline 4.2 Subassemblies 4.3 Circuit Configuration 4.4 Power-on Sequence 4.5 Self-calibration 4.6 Read/write Circuit 4.7 Servo Control This chapter explains basic design concepts of the disk drive. Also, this chapter explains subassemblies of the disk drive, each sequence, servo control, and electrical circuit blocks.
Theory of Device Operation 4.1 Outline This chapter consists of two parts. First part (Section 4.2) explains mechanical assemblies of the disk drive. Second part (Sections 4.3 through 4.7) explains a servo information recorded in the disk drive and drive control method. 4.2 Subassemblies The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE) and printed circuit assembly (PCA). The DE contains all movable parts in the disk drive, including the disk, spindle, actuator, read/write head, and air filter.
4.2 Subassemblies Head 5 4 3 Head 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 MHJ2181AT MHK2120AT MHK2090AT Head 1 0 MHK2060AT Figure 4.1 Head structure 4.2.3 Spindle The spindle consists of a disk stack assembly and spindle motor. The disk stack assembly is activated by the direct drive sensor-less DC spindle motor, which has a speed of 4,200 rpm ±1%. The spindle is controlled with detecting a PHASE signal generated by counter electromotive voltage of the spindle motor at starting. 4.2.
Theory of Device Operation 4.3 Circuit Configuration Figure 4.2 shows the disk drive circuit configuration. (1) Read/write circuit The read/write circuit consists of two LSIs; read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) and read channel (RDC). The PreAMP consists of the write current switch circuit, that flows the write current to the head coil, and the voltage amplifier circuit, that amplitudes the read output from the head.
4.3 Circuit Configuration 16 bit Figure 4.
Theory of Device Operation 4.4 Power-on Sequence Figure 4.3 describes the operation sequence of the disk drive at power-on. The outline is described below. a) After the power is turned on, the disk drive executes the MPU bus test, internal register read/write test, and work RAM read/write test. When the self-diagnosis terminates successfully, the disk drive starts the spindle motor. b) The disk drive executes self-diagnosis (data buffer read/write test) after enabling response to the ATA bus.
4.5 Self-calibration Figure 4.3 Power-on operation sequence 4.5 Self-calibration The disk drive occasionally performs self-calibration in order to sense and calibrate mechanical external forces on the actuator, and VCM tarque. This enables precise seek and read/write operations. 4.5.1 Self-calibration contents (1) Sensing and compensating for external forces The actuator suffers from torque due to the FPC forces and winds accompanying disk revolution.
Theory of Device Operation The forces are compensated by adding the measured value to the specified current value to the power amplifier. This makes the stable servo control. To compensate torque varing by the cylinder, the disk is divided into 23 areas from the innermost to the outermost circumference and the compensating value is measured at the measuring cylinder on each area at factory calibration. The measured values are stored in the SA cylinder.
4.6 Read/write Circuit Table 4.1 Self-calibration execution timechart Time elapsed Time elapsed (accumulated) 1 At power-on Initial calibration 2 About 5 minutes About 5 minutes 3 About 5 minutes About 10 minutes 4 About 10 minutes About 20 minutes 5 About 10 minutes About 30 minutes 6 About 15 minutes About 45 minutes 7 About 15 minutes About 60 minutes 8 . . . . Every about 30 minutes 4.5.
Theory of Device Operation signal (WUS) when a write error occurs due to head short-circuit or head disconnection. The Pre AMP sets the write current and bias current which flows through MR devices. 4.6.2 Write circuit The write data is output from the hard disk controller (HDC) with the NRZ data format, and sent to the encoder circuit in the RDC. The NRZ write data is converted from 16-bit data to 17-bit data by the encoder circuit then sent to the PreAMP, and the data is written onto the media.
4.6 Read/write Circuit MEEPR Viterbi Detect 16/17 ENDEC RWCLK SRV_CLK SRV_OUT[1:0] Figure 4.
Theory of Device Operation 4.6.3 Read circuit The head read signal from the PreAMP is regulated by the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit. Then the output is converted into the sampled read data pulse by the programmable filter circuit and the flash digitizer circuit. This clock signal is converted into the NRZ data by the 16/17 GCR decoder circuit based on the read data maximum-likelihood-detected by the Viterbi detection circuit, then is sent to the HDC.
4.6 Read/write Circuit (3) Flash digitizer circuit This circuit is 10-tap sampled analog transversal filter circuit that cosine-equalizes the head read signal to the Modified Extended Partial Response (MEEPR) waveform. (4) Viterbi detection circuit The sample hold waveform output from the flash digitizer circuit is sent to the Viterbi detection circuit. The Viterbi detection circuit demodulates data according to the survivor path sequence.
Theory of Device Operation 4.7 Servo Control The actuator motor and the spindle motor are submitted to servo control. The actuator motor is controlled for moving and positioning the head to the track containing the desired data. To turn the disk at a constant velocity, the actuator motor is controlled according to the servo data that is written on the data side beforehand. 4.7.1 Servo control circuit Figure 4.6 is the block diagram of the servo control circuit.
4.7 Servo Control The major internal operations are listed below. a. Spindle motor start Starts the spindle motor and accelerates it to normal speed when power is applied. b. Move head to reference cylinder Drives the VCM to position the head at the any cylinder in the data area. The logical initial cylinder is at the outermost circumference (cylinder 0). c. Seek to specified cylinder Drives the VCM to position the head to the specified cylinder. d.
Theory of Device Operation Servo frame (60 servo frames revolution) CYL-n (n: even number) Diameter direction Circumference direction Erase: DC erase area Figure 4.
4.7 Servo Control (2) Servo burst capture circuit The servo burst capture circuit reproduces signals (position signals) that indicate the head position from the servo data on the data surface. SERVO A, SERVO B, SERVO C and SERVO D burst signals shown in Figure 4.8 followed the servo mark, cylinder gray and index information are output from the servo area on the data surface via the data head. The servo signals do A/D-convert by Fourierdemodulator in the servo burst capture circuit.
Theory of Device Operation 4.7.2 Data-surface servo format Figure 4.7 describes the physical layout of the servo frame. The three areas indicated by (1) to (3) in Figure 4.7 are described below. (1) Inner guard band The head is in contact with the disk in this space when the spindle starts turning or stops, and the rotational speed of the spindle can be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving. (2) Data area This area is used as the user data area SA area.
4.7 Servo Control (1) Write/read recovery This area is used to absorb the write/read transient and to stabilize the AGC. (2) Servo mark This area gererates a timing for demodulating the gray code and positiondemodulating the servo A to D by detecting the servo mark. (3) Gray code (including index bit) This area is used as cylinder address.
Theory of Device Operation d) If the head is stopped at the reference cylinder from there. Track following control starts. (2) Seek operation Upon a data read/write request from the host, the MPU confirms the necessity of access to the disk. If a read/write instruction is issued, the MPU seeks the desired track. The MPU feeds the VCM current via the D/A converter and power amplifier to move the head.
4.7 Servo Control d) During phase switching, the spindle motor starts rotating in low speed, and generates a counter electromotive force. The SVC detects this counter electromotive force and reports to the MPU using a PHASE signal for speed detection. e) The MPU is waiting for a PHASE signal. When no phase signal is sent for a sepcific period, the MPU resets the SVC and starts from the beginning. When a PHASE signal is sent, the SVC enters the acceleration mode.
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CHAPTER 5 Interface 5.1 Physical Interface 5.2 Logical Interface 5.3 Host Commands 5.4 Command Protocol 5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 5.6 Timing This chapter gives details about the interface, and the interface commands and timings.
Interface 5.1 Physical Interface 5.1.1 Interface signals Figure 5.1 shows the interface signals.
5.1 Physical Interface 5.1.2 Signal assignment on the connector Table 5.1 shows the signal assignment on the interface connector. Table 5.1 Signal assignment on the interface connector Pin No. Signal Pin No.
Interface [signal] ENCSEL [I/O] [Description] I This signal is used to set master/slave using the CSEL signal (pin 28). Pins B and D Open: Sets master/slave using the CSEL signal is disabled. Short: Sets master/slave using the CSEL signal is enabled. MSTR- I MSTR, I, Master/slave setting Pin A, B, C, D open: Master setting Pin A, B Short: Slave setting RESET- I Reset signal from the host. This signal is low active and is asserted for a minimum of 25 µs during power on.
5.1 Physical Interface [signal] [I/O] [Description] CS0- I Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal is used by the host to select the command block registers. CS1- I Chip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal is used by the host to select the control block registers. DA 0-2 I Binary decoded address signals asserted by the host to access task file registers.
Interface [signal] DMARQ [I/O] [Description] O This signal is used for DMA transfer between the host system and the device. The device asserts this signal when the device completes the preparation of DMA data transfer to the host system (at reading) or from the host system (at writing). The direction of data transfer is controlled by the DIOR and DIOW signals. This signal hand shakes with the DMACK-signal.
5.2 Logical Interface 5.2.1 I/O registers Communication between the host system and the device is done through inputoutput (I/O) registers of the device. These I/O registers can be selected by the coded signals, CS0-, CS1-, and DA0 to DA2 from the host system. Table 5.2. shows the coding address and the function of I/O registers. Table 5.
Interface 5.2.2 Command block registers (1) Data register (X’1F0’) The Data register is a 16-bit register for data block transfer between the device and the host system. Data transfer mode is PIO or DMA mode. (2) Error register (X’1F1’) The Error register indicates the status of the command executed by the device. The contents of this register are valid when the ERR bit of the Status register is 1.
5.2 Logical Interface [Diagnostic code] X’01’: No Error Detected. X’02’: HDC Register Compare Error X’03’: Data Buffer Compare Error. X’05’: ROM Sum Check Error. X’80’: Device 1 (slave device) Failed. Error register of the master device is valid under two devices (master and slave) configuration. If the slave device fails, the master device posts X’80’ OR (the diagnostic code) with its own status (X’01’ to X’05’).
Interface (6) Cylinder Low register (X’1F4’) The contents of this register indicates low-order 8 bits of the starting cylinder address for any disk-access. At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current cylinder number. Under the LBA mode, this register indcates LBA bits 15 to 8. (7) Cylinder High register (X’1F5’) The contents of this register indicates high-order 8 bits of the disk-access start cylinder address.
5.2 Logical Interface (9) Status register (X’1F7’) The contents of this register indicate the status of the device. The contents of this register are updated at the completion of each command. When the BSY bit is cleared, other bits in this register should be validated within 400 ns. When the BSY bit is 1, other bits of this register are invalid.
Interface - Bit 5: The Device Write Fault (DF) bit. This bit indicates that a device fault (write fault) condition has been detected. If a write fault is detected during command execution, this bit is latched and retained until the device accepts the next command or reset. - Bit 4: Device Seek Complete (DSC) bit. This bit indicates that the device heads are positioned over a track. In the IDD, this bit is always set to 1 after the spin-up control is completed. - Bit 3: Data Request (DRQ) bit.
5.3 Host Commands 5.2.3 Control block registers (1) Alternate Status register (X’3F6’) The Alternate Status register contains the same information as the Status register of the command block register. The only difference from the Status register is that a read of this register does not imply Interrupt Acknowledge and INTRQ signal is not reset.
Interface When the BSY bit is 1 or the DRQ bit is 1 (the device is requesting the data transfer) and the host system writes to the command register, the correct device operation is not guaranteed. 5.3.1 Command code and parameters Table 5.3 lists the supported commands, command code and the registers that needed parameters are written. Table 5.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.
Interface Y*: Necessary to set parameters under the LBA mode. N: Not necessary to set parameters (The parameter is ignored if it is set.) N*: May set parameters D: The device parameter is valid, and the head parameter is ignored. D*: The command is addressed to the master device, but both the master device and the slave device execute it. X: Do not care 5.3.
5.3 Host Commands CM: Command register FR: Features register DH: Device/Head register ST: Status register CH: Cylinder High register ER: Error register CL: Cylinder Low register L: LBA (logical block address) setting bit SN: Sector Number register DV: Device address. bit SC: Sector Count register x, xx: Do not care (no necessary to set) Note: 1.
Interface Command block registers contain the cylinder, the head, and the sector addresses of the sector (in the CHS mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) where the error occurred, and remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 0 0 1 0 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 0 0 0 R Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No.
5.3 Host Commands The implementation of the READ MULTIPLE command is identical to that of the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the number of sectors is specified by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command are transferred without intervening interrupts. In the READ MULTIPLE command operation, the DRQ bit of the Status register is set only at the start of the data block, and is not set on each sector.
Interface Figure 5.2 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 0 0 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 0 1 0 0 Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) Transfer sector count 1F1H(FR) xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) *1 5-20 Status information × L × DV End head No.
5.3 Host Commands (3) READ DMA (X’C8’ or X’C9’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except for following events. • The data transfer starts at the timing of DMARQ signal assertion. • The device controls the assertion or negation timing of the DMARQ signal. • The device posts a status as the result of command execution only once at completion of the data transfer.
Interface At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) *1 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × 1F5H(CH) End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) End sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) 00 (*1) 1F1H(ER) Error information L × DV End head No. /LBA [MSB] If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 0 1 0 0 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 0 0 0 R Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) Transfer sector count 1F1H(FR) xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) *1 Status information × L × DV End head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) End cylinder No.
Interface If an error occurs during multiple sector write operation, the write operation is terminated at the sector where the error occured. Command block registers contain the cylinder, the head, the sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or the logical block address (in the LBA mode) of the sector where the error occurred. Then the host can read the command block registers to determine what error has occurred and on which sector the error has occurred.
5.3 Host Commands (6) WRITE MULTIPLE (X’C5’) This command is similar to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command. The device does not generate interrupts (assertion of the INTRQ) signal) on each sector but on the transfer of a block which contains the number of sectors for which the number is defined by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command.
Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 0 0 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 0 1 0 1 Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) Transfer sector count 1F1H(FR) xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information × 1F6H(DH) L × DV End head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) End cylinder No.
5.3 Host Commands A host system can select the following transfer mode using the SET FEATURES command. • Multiword DMA transfer mode 0 to 2 • Ultra DMA transfer mode 0 to 4 At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 0 0 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 1 0 1 R Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No.
Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 0 0 1 1 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 1 1 0 0 Start head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Start cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Start cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Start sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) Transfer sector count 1F1H(FR) xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) *1 Status information × L × DV End head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) End cylinder No.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 0 0 0 1 1F6H(DH) × × × DV 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx x x x x xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information DV xx Note: Also executable in LBA mode.
Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 0 1 1 1 1F6H(DH) × L × DV x x x x Head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Sector No. / LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) Status information × L × DV Head No. /LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA 1F4H(CL) Cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA 1F3H(SN) Sector No.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 0 0 1 1F6H(DH) × × × DV 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) Number of sectors/track 1F1H(FR) xx 0 0 0 1 Max. head No. At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) Number of sectors/track 1F1H(ER) Error infomation DV Max. head No.
Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 1 0 1F6H(DH) × × × DV 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx 1 1 0 0 xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information DV xx Table 5.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.
Interface Table 5.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (4 of 8) Bit 13: Standby timer value. Factory default is 0.
Interface Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (5 of 8) Bit 0 = 1 Mode 3 *9 WORD 80 Bit 15-6: Reserved Bit 5: ATA/ATAPI-5 supported = 1 Bit 4: ATA/ATAPI-4 supported = 1 Bit 3: ATA-3 supported = 1 Bit 2: ATA-2 supported = 1 Bit 1-0: Undefined *10 WORD 82 Bit 15: Undefined Bit 14: '1' = Supports the NOP command. Bit 13: '1' = Supports the READ BUFFER command. Bit 12: '1' = Supports the WRITE BUFFER command.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (6 of 8) Bit 5: '1' = Supports the Power-Up In Standby set. Bit 4: '1' = Supports the Removable Media Status Notification feature set. Bit 3: '1' = Supports the Advanced Power Management feature set. Bit 2: '1' = Supports the CFA (Compact Flash Association) feature set. Bit 1: '1' = Supports the READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED command. Bit 0: '1' = Supports the DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command.
Interface Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (7 of 8) Bit 1 = '1': Mode 1 Bit 0 = '1': Mode 0 *15 WORD 93 Bits 15-14: Reserved Bit 13: '1' = CBLID- is a level higher than VIH. '0' = CBLID- is a level lower than VIL. Bits 12-8: In the case of Device 1 (slave drive), a valid value is set. Bit 12: Reserved Bit 11: '1' = Device asserts PDIAG-. Bit 10, 9: Method for deciding the device No. of Device 1. '00' = Reserved '01' = Using a jumper. '10' = Using the CSEL signal.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.4 Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command (8 of 8) Bit 15-9: Reserved Bit 8: Security level.
Interface (14) SET FEATURES (X’EF’) The host system issues the SET FEATURES command to set parameters in the Features register for the purpose of changing the device features to be executed. For the transfer mode (Feature register = 03), detail setting can be done using the Sector Count register. Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register and saves the parameters in the Features register. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 1 0 1F6H(DH) × × × DV 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx or transfer mode 1F1H(FR) [See Table 5.5] 1 1 1 1 xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information DV xx The host sets X’03’ to the Features register.
Interface Multiword DMA transfer mode X 00100 000 (X’20’: Mode 0) 00100 001 (X’21’: Mode 1) 00100 010 (X’22’: Mode 2) Ultra DMA transfer mode X 01000 000 (X’40’: Mode 0) 01000 001 (X’41’: Mode 1) 01000 010 (X’42’: Mode 2) 01000 011 (X’43’: Mode 3) 01000 100 (X’44’: Mode 4) The host writes the Sector Count register with the desired power management level and executes this command with the Features register X’05’, and then Advanced Power Management is enabled.
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Interface Word 47 Bit 7-0 = 10: Word 59 = 0000: = 01xx: Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt by the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands. The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are disabled. The READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands are enabled. “xx” indicates the current setting for number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt by the READ MULTIPLE and WRITE MULTIPLE commands. e.g.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 1 1 1 1F6H(DH) × L × DV 1 0 0 1 Max head/LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA 1F4H(CL) Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max. LBA 1F3H(SN) Max. sector/Max. LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx VV At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) Status information × × × DV Max head/LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA 1F4H(CL) Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max.
Interface At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) Status information × × × DV Max head/LBA [MSB] 1F5H(CH) Max. cylinder [MSB]/Max. LBA 1F4H(CL) Max. cylinder [LSB]/Max. LBA 1F3H(SN) Max. sector/Max. LBA [LSB] 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information (18) EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC (X’90’) This command performs an internal diagnostic test (self-diagnosis) of the device.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.6 Diagnostic code Code Result of diagnostic X’01’ No error detected. X’03’ Data buffer compare error X’05’ ROM sum check error X’8x’ Failure of device 1 attention: The device responds normally to this command without excuting internal diagnostic test. At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) 1 0 0 1 1F6H(DH) × × × DV 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx 0 0 0 0 Head No.
Interface (19) READ LONG (X’22’ or X’23’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device transfers the data in the requested sector and the ECC bytes to the host system. The ECC error correction is not performed for this command. This command is used for checking ECC function by combining with the WRITE LONG command. Number of ECC bytes to be transferred is fixed to 4 bytes and cannot be changed by the SET FEATURES command.
5.3 Host Commands (20) WRITE LONG (X’32’ or X’33’) This command operates similarly to the READ SECTOR(S) command except that the device writes the data and the ECC bytes transferred from the host system to the disk medium. The device does not generate ECC bytes by itself. The WRITE LONG command supports only single sector operation. The number of ECC bytes to be transferred is fixed to 4 bytes and can not be changed by the SET FEATURES command.
Interface device sets the DRQ bit of Status register, clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. After that, the host system can read up to 512 bytes of data from the buffer.
5.
Interface Sector Count register value Point of timer 0 [X’00’] 30 minutes 1 to 3 [X’01’ to X’03’] 15 seconds 4 to 240 [X’04’ to X’F0’] (Value ×5) seconds 241 to 251 [X’F1’ to X’FB’] 30 minutes 252 [X’FC’] 21 minutes 253 [X’FD’] 30 minutes 254 to 255 [X’FE’ to X’FF’] 21 minutes 15 seconds attention: The automatic power-down is excuted if no command is coming for 30 min.
5.3 Host Commands (24) IDLE IMMEDIATE (X’95’ or X’E1’) Upon receipt of this command, the device sets the BSY bit of the Status register, and enters the idle mode. Then, the device clears the BSY bit, and generates an interrupt. This command does not support the automatic power-down function.
Interface Under the standby mode, the spindle motor is stopped. Thus, when the command involving a seek such as the READ SECTOR(s) command is received, the device processes the command after driving the spindle motor. attention: The automatic power-down is excuted if no command is coming for 30 min.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) X’94’ or X’E0’ 1F6H(DH) × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx × × DV xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information DV xx (27) SLEEP (X’99’ or X’E6’) This command is the only way to make the device enter the sleep mode.
Interface At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents) 1F7H(CM) X’99’ or X’E6’ 1F6H(DH) × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(FR) xx × × DV xx At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read) 1F7H(ST) Status information 1F6H(DH) × × × 1F5H(CH) xx 1F4H(CL) xx 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information DV xx (28) CHECK POWER MODE (X’98’ or X’E5’) The host checks the power mode of the device with this command.
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Interface Table 5.7 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions (1 of 3) Features Resister X’D0’ X’D1’ X’D2’ X’D3’ X’D4’ Function SMART Read Attribute Values: A device that received this subcommand asserts the BSY bit and saves all the updated attribute values. The device then clears the BSY bit and transfers 512-byte attribute value information to the host. * For infomation about the format of the attribute value information, see Table 5.8.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.7 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions (2 of 3) Features Resister X’D5’ Function SMART Read Log Sector: A device which receives this sub-command asserts the BSY bit, then reads the log sector specified in the SN register. Next, it clears the BSY bit and transmits the log sector to the host computer. 01h should be specified in the SC register. SN: Log sector 01h: SMART error log 06h: SMART self test log 80h-9Fh: Host vendor log X’D6’ * See Table 5.
Interface Table 5.7 Features Register values (subcommands) and functions (3 of 3) Features Resister X’DA’ X’DB’ Function SMART Return Status: When the device receives this subcommand, it asserts the BSY bit and saves the current device attribute values. Then the device compares the device attribute values with insurance failure threshold values. If there is an attribute value exceeding the threshold, F4h and 2Ch are loaded into the CL and CH registers.
5.3 Host Commands At command completion (I-O registers setting contents) 1F7H(ST) 1F6H(DH) Status information × × × DV xx 1F5H(CH) Key-failure prediction status (C2h-2Ch) 1F4H(CL) Key-failure prediction status (4Fh-F4h) 1F3H(SN) xx 1F2H(SC) xx 1F1H(ER) Error information The attribute value information is 512-byte data; the format of this data is shown below. The host can access this data using the SMART Read Attribute Values subcommand (FR register = D0h).
Interface Table 5.8 Format of device attribute value data Byte Item 00 01 Data format version number 02 Attribute 1 Attribute ID 03 04 Status flag 05 Current attribute value 06 Attribute value for worst case so far 07 to 0C Raw attribute value 0D 0E to 169 Reserved Attribute 2 to attribute 30 (The format of each attribute value is the same as that of bytes 02 to 0D.
5.3 Host Commands • Data format version number The data format version number indicates the version number of the data format of the device attribute values or insurance failure thresholds. The data format version numbers of the device attribute values and insurance failure thresholds are the same. When a data format is changed, the data format version numbers are updated. • Attribute ID The attribute ID is defined as follows: Attribute ID 0 (Indicates unused attribute data.
Interface • Current attribute value The current attribute value is the normalized raw attribute data. The value varies between 01h and 64h. The closer the value gets to 01h, the higher the possibility of a failure. The device compares the attribute values with thresholds. When the attribute values are larger than the thresholds, the device is operating normally. • Attribute value for the worst case so far This is the worst attribute value among the attribute values collected to date.
5.3 Host Commands Self-test execution status 0 Self-test has been completed normally or has not been executed. 1 Self-test has been stopped by the host computer. 2 Self-test has been suspended by hard or soft reset. 3 Self-test has been aborted by a fatal error. 4 Self-test has been completed abnormally by an unknown meaning. 5 Self-test has been completed abnormally by write test. 6 Self-test has been completed abnormally by serbo test.
Interface • Check sum Two’s complement of the lower byte, obtained by adding 511-byte data one byte at a time from the beginning. • Insurance failure threshold The limit of a varying attribute value. The host compares the attribute values with the thresholds to identify a failure. If an unrecoverable error is detected during execution of a command received by the device from the host computer, the device saves the SMART error log on the disk medium.
5.3 Host Commands Table 5.10 SMART error log data format (2/2) Byte 44 Item Error log 1 Error data Device/Head register 45 Status register 46 to 58 Vendor unique 59 Status 5A, 5B 5C to 1C3 1C4, 1C5 1C6 to 1FE 1FF Total power on time [hour] Error log 2 to Error log 5 (The format of each error log is the same as Byte 02 to 5B.) Number of unrecoverable errors that have occurred. Reserved Check sum • Error log index Indicates the latest error log number.
Interface Status Meaning 0 Unclear status 1 Sleep status 2 Standby status 3 Active status or idle status (BSY bit = 0) 4 Off-line data collection being executed 5 to F Reserved The host computer can issue the SMART Execute Off-line Immediate subcommand (FR Register = D4h) and cause the device to execute a self test. When the self test is completed, the device saves the SMART self test log to the disk medium.
5.3 Host Commands (30) SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD (F6h) This command invalidates the user password already set and releases the lock function. The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 5.12 to the device. The device compares the user password or master password in the transferred data with the user password or master password already set, and releases the lock function if the passwords are the same. Although this command invalidates the user password, the master password is retained.
Interface Table 5.12 Contents of security password Word Contents 0 Control word Bit 0: Identifier 0 = Compares the user passwords. 1 = Compares the master passwords.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I-O register contents) 1F7h(CM) 1 1 1 1 1F6h(DH) × × × DV 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(FR) xx 0 0 1 1 xx At command completion (I-O register contents) 1F7h(ST) Status information 1F6h(DH) × × × 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(ER) Error information DV xx (32) SECURITY ERASE UNIT (F4h) This command erases all user data.
Interface At command issuance (I-O register contents) 1F7h(CM) 1 1 1 1 1F6h(DH) × × × DV 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(FR) xx 0 1 0 0 xx At command completion (I-O register contents) 1F7h(ST) Status information 1F6h(DH) × × × 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(ER) Error information DV xx (33) SECURITY FREEZE LOCK (F5h) This command puts the device into FROZEN MODE.
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Interface (34) SECURITY SET PASSWORD (F1h) This command enables a user password or master password to be set. The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 5.13 to the device. The device determines the operation of the lock function according to the specifications of the Identifier bit and Security level bit in the transferred data. (Table 5.14) Issuing this command in LOCKED MODE or FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error. Table 5.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I-O register contents) 1F7h(CM) 1 1 1 1 1F6h(DH) × × × DV 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(FR) xx 0 0 0 1 xx At command completion (I-O register contents) 1F7h(ST) Status information 1F6h(DH) × × × 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(ER) Error information DV xx (35) SECURITY UNLOCK This command cancels LOCKED MODE. The host transfers the 512-byte data shown in Table 5.12 to the device.
Interface LOCKED MODE conceled (in UNLOCK MODE) has no affect on the UNLOCK counter. Issuing this command in FROZEN MODE returns the Aborted Command error.
5.3 Host Commands At command issuance (I-O register contents) 1F7h(CM) 1 1 1 0 0 1F6h(DH) × × × DV 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(FR) xx 1 1 1 xx At command completion (I-O register contents to be read) 1F7h(ST) Status information 1F6h(DH) × × × 1F5h(CH) xx 1F4h(CL) xx 1F3h(SN) xx 1F2h(SC) xx 1F1h(ER) Error information DV xx 5.3.3 Error posting Table 5.15 lists the defined errors that are valid for each command. Table 5.
Interface Table 5.
5.4 Command Protocol 5.4 Command Protocol The host should confirm that the BSY bit of the Status register of the device is 0 prior to issue a command. If BSY bit is 1, the host should wait for issuing a command until BSY bit is cleared to 0. Commands can be executed only when the DRDY bit of the Status register is 1. However, the following commands can be executed even if DRDY bit is 0. • EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC • INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS 5.4.
Interface words, the host should receive the relevant sector of data (512 bytes of uninsured dummy data) or release the DRQ status by resetting. Figure 5.3 shows an example of READ SECTOR(S) command protocol, and Figure 5.4 shows an example protocol for command abort. Figure 5.3 Read Sector(s) command protocol For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X’1F7’) in order to clear INTRQ (interrupt) signal.
5.4 Command Protocol device to 50 ms after the completion of the sector data transfer. Note that the host does not need to read the Status register for the reading of a single sector or the last sector in multiple-sector reading. If the timing to read the Status register does not meet above condition, normal data transfer operation is not guaranteed. When the host new command even if the device requests the data transfer (setting in DRQ bit), the correct device operation is not guaranteed. Figure 5.
Interface a) The host writes any required parameters to the Features, Sector Count, Sector Number, Cylinder, and Device/Head registers. b) The host writes a command code in the Command register. The drive sets the BSY bit of the Status register. c) When the device is ready to receive the data of the first sector, the device sets DRQ bit and clears BSY bit. d) The host writes one sector of data through the Data register. e) The device clears the DRQ bit and sets the BSY bit.
5.4 Command Protocol For transfer of a sector of data, the host needs to read Status register (X’1F7’) in order to clear INTRQ (interrupt) signal. The Status register should be read within a period from the DRQ setting by the device to 50 µs after the completion of the sector data transfer. Note that the host does not need to read the Status register for the first and the last sector to be transferred.
Interface Figure 5.6 Protocol for the command execution without data transfer 5.4.4 Other commands • READ MULTIPLE • SLEEP • WRITE MULTIPLE See the description of each command. 5.4.5 DMA data transfer commands • READ DMA • WRITE DMA Starting the DMA transfer command is the same as the READ SECTOR(S) or WRITE SECTOR(S) command except the point that the host initializes the DMA channel preceding the command issurance.
5.4 Command Protocol f) When the command execution is completed, the device clears both BSY and DRQ bits and asserts the INTRQ signal. Then, the host reads the Status register. g) The host resets the DMA channel. Figure 5.7 shows the correct DMA data transfer protocol. f g d d f e d f e Figure 5.
Interface 5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 5.5.1 Overview Ultra DMA is a data transfer protocol used with the READ DMA and WRITE DMA commands. When this protocol is enabled it shall be used instead of the Multiword DMA protocol when these commands are issued by the host. This protocol applies to the Ultra DMA data burst only. When this protocol is used there are no changes to other elements of the ATA protocol (e.g.: Command Block Register access).
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set Both the host and device perform a CRC function during an Ultra DMA burst. At the end of an Ultra DMA burst the host sends the its CRC data to the device. The device compares its CRC data to the data sent from the host. If the two values do not match the device reports an error in the error register at the end of the command. If an error occurs during one or more Ultra DMA bursts for any one command, at the end of the command, the device shall report the first error that occurred.
Interface g) Ultra DMA data in burst The device should not invert the state of this signal in the period from the moment of STOP signal negation or HDMARDY-signal assertion to the moment of inversion of the first STROBE signal. 5.5.2.2 Data transfer phase a) The Data transfer phase is defined as the period from The Ultra DMA burst initiation phase to Ultra DMA burst termination phase.
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set f) Once the transmitting side has outputted the ending request, the output state of STROBE signal should not be changed unless the receiving side has confirmed it. Then, if the STROBE signal is not in asserted state, The transmitting side should assert the STROBE signal. However, the assertion of the STROBE signal should not cause the data transfer to occur.
Interface 9) The host shall negate STOP and assert HDMARDY- within tENV after asserting DMACK-. After negating STOP and asserting HDMARDY-, the host shall not change the state of either signal until after receiving the first transition of DSTROBE from the device (i.e., after the first data word has been received). 10) The device shall drive DD (15:0) no sooner than tZAD after the host has asserted DMACK-, negated STOP, and asserted HDMARDY-.
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 3) The device shall resume an Ultra DMA burst by generating a DSTROBE edge. b) Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 1) The host shall not pause an Ultra DMA burst until at least one data word of an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred. 2) The host shall pause an Ultra DMA burst by negating HDMARDY-. 3) The device shall stop generating DSTROBE edges within tRFS of the host negating HDMARDY-.
Interface 7) If DSTROBE is negated, the device shall assert DSTROBE within tLI after the host has asserted STOP. No data shall be transferred during this assertion. The host shall ignore this transition on DSTROBE. DSTROBE shall remain asserted until the Ultra DMA burst is terminated. 8) If the host has not placed the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) since first driving DD (15:0) during (6), the host shall place the result of its CRC calculation on DD (15:0) (see 5.5.5).
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set 5) The host shall assert STOP no sooner than tRP after negating HDMARDY-. The host shall not negate STOP again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated. 6) The device shall negate DMARQ within tLI after the host has asserted STOP. The device shall not assert DMARQ again until after the Ultra DMA burst is terminated. 7) If DSTROBE is negated, the device shall assert DSTROBE within tLI after the host has asserted STOP. No data shall be transferred during this assertion.
Interface 5.5.4 Ultra DMA data out commands 5.5.4.1 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.7 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The host shall keep DMACK- in the negated state before an Ultra DMA burst is initiated. 2) The device shall assert DMARQ to initiate an Ultra DMA burst. 3) Steps (3), (4), and (5) may occur in any order or at the same time. The host shall assert STOP.
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set HSTROBE edge no more frequently than tCYC for the selected Ultra DMA Mode. The host shall not generate two rising or falling HSTROBE edges more frequently than 2 tCYC for the selected Ultra DMA mode. 3) The host shall not change the state of DD (15:0) until at least tDVH after generating an HSTROBE edge to latch the data. 4) The host shall repeat steps (1), (2) and (3) until the data transfer is complete or an Ultra DMA burst is paused, whichever occurs first. 5.5.4.
Interface 5.5.4.4 Terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst a) Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following stops shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.10 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The host shall initiate termination of an Ultra DMA burst by not generating HSTROBE edges. 2) The host shall assert STOP no sooner than tSS after it last generated an HSTROBE edge.
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set b) Device terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst The following steps shall occur in the order they are listed unless otherwise specifically allowed (see 5.6.4.11 and 5.6.4.2 for specific timing requirements): 1) The device shall not initiate Ultra DMA burst termination until at least one data word of an Ultra DMA burst has been transferred. 2) The device shall initiate Ultra DMA burst termination by negating DDMARDY-.
Interface 13) The host shall neither negate STOP nor HSTROBE until at least tACK after negating DMACK-. 14) The host shall not assert DIOW-, CS0-, CS1-, DA2, DA1, or DA0 until at least tACK after negating DMACK. 5.5.5 Ultra DMA CRC rules The following is a list of rules for calculating CRC, determining if a CRC error has occurred during an Ultra DMA burst, and reporting any error that occurs at the end of a command. a) Both the host and the device shall have a 16-bit CRC calculation function.
5.5 Ultra DMA Feature Set Note: Since no bit clock is available, the recommended approach for calculating CRC is to use a word clock derived from the bus strobe. The combinational logic shall then be equivalent to shifting sixteen bits serially through the generator polynominal where DD0 is shifted in first and DD15 is shifted in last. DD0–DD15 16 CRCOUT CRCIN Combination logic F1–f16 16 Latch 16 16 Word clock Figure 5.8 An example of generation of parallel CRC Table 5.
Interface 5.5.6 Series termination required for Ultra DMA Series termination resistors are required at both the host and the device for operation in any of the Ultra DMA Modes. The following table describes recommended values for series termination at the host and the device. Table 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6 Timing 5.6.1 PIO data transfer Figure 5.10 shows of the data transfer timing between the device and the host system.
Interface Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.2 Multiword DMA data transfer Figure 5.11 shows the multiword DMA data transfer timing between the device and the host system. Delay time from DIOR-/DIOW- assertion to DMARQ negation Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.3 Transfer of Ultra DMA data Figures 5.12 to 5.21 define the timings concerning every phase for the Ultra DMA Burst. Table 5.18 includes the timing for each Ultra DMA mode. 5.6.3.1 Starting of Ultra DMA data In Burst The timing for each Ultra DMA mode is included in 5.6.3.2. Note : The definitions of STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signals are valid before the assertion of DMACK signal. Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.2 Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements Table 5.
Interface Table 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.3 Sustained Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: DD (15:0) and DSTROBE are shown at both the host and the device to emphasize that cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to be considered stable at the host until some time after they are driven by the device. Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.3.4 Host pausing an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Notes: 1) The host may assert STOP to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no sooner than tRP after HDMARDY- is negated. 2) If the tSR timing is not satisfied, the host may receive zero, one or two more data words from the device. Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.5 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated. Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.3.6 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, HDMARDY- and DSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated. Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.7 Initiating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are not in effect until DMARQ and DMACK are asserted. Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.3.8 Sustained Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: DD (15:0) and HSTROBE signals are shown at both the device and the host to emphasize that cable setting time as well as cable propagation delay shall not allow the data signals to be considered stable at the device until some time after they are driven by the host. Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.9 Device pausing an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Notes: 1) The device may negate DMARQ to request termination of the Ultra DMA burst no sooner than tRP after DDMARDY- is negated. 2) If the tSR timing is not satisfied, the device may receive zero, one or two more data words from the host. Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.3.10 Host terminating an Ultra DMA data out burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated. Figure 5.
5.6 Timing 5.6.3.11 Device terminating an Ultra DMA data in burst 5.6.3.2 contains the values for the timings for each of the Ultra DMA Modes. Note: The definitions for the STOP, DDMARDY- and HSTROBE signal lines are no longer in effect after DMARQ and DMACK are negated. Figure 5.
Interface 5.6.4 Power-on and reset Figure 5.22 shows power-on and reset (hardware and software reset) timing. (1) Only master device is present Power-on Reset RESET– (2) Master and slave devices are present (2-drives configulation) PDIAG- negation 31 Figure 5.
CHAPTER 6 Operations 6.1 Device Response to the Reset 6.2 Address Translation 6.3 Power Save 6.4 Defect Management 6.5 Read-Ahead Cache 6.
Operations 6.1 Device Response to the Reset This section describes how the PDIAG- and DASP- signals responds when the power of the IDD is turned on or the IDD receives a reset or diagnostic command. 6.1.1 Response to power-on After the master device (device 0) releases its own power-on reset state, the master device shall check a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to confirm presence of a slave device (device 1).
6.1 Device Response to the Reset 31 sec. 30 sec. Figure 6.
Operations 6.1.2 Response to hardware reset Response to RESET- (hardware reset through the interface) is similar to the power-on reset. Upon receipt of hardware reset, the master device checks a DASP- signal for up to 450 ms to confirm presence of a slave device. The master device recognizes the presence of the slave device when it confirms assertion of the DASP- signal. Then the master device checks a PDIAG- signal to see if the slave device has successfully completed the self-diagnostics.
6.1 Device Response to the Reset 6.1.3 Response to software reset The master device does not check the DASP- signal for a software reset. If a slave device is present, the master device checks the PDIAG- signal for up to 15 seconds to see if the slave device has completed the self-diagnosis successfully.
Operations 6.1.4 Response to diagnostic command When the master device receives an EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command and the slave device is present, the master device checks the PDIAGsignal for up to 6 seconds to see if the slave device has completed the selfdiagnosis successfully. The master device does not check the DASP- signal.
6.2 Address Translation 6.2 Address Translation When the IDD receives any command which involves access to the disk medium, the IDD always implements the address translation from the logical address (a host-specified address) to the physical address (logical to physical address translation). Following subsections explains the CHS translation mode. 6.2.
Operations 6.2.2 Logical address (1) CHS mode Logical address assignment starts from physical cylinder (PC) 0, physical head (PH) 0, and physical sector (PS) 1 and is assigned by calculating the number of sectors per track that is specified by the INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command. If the last sector of a physical track is used, the track is switched and the next logical sector is placed in the initial sector of the subsequent physical track. Figure 6.5 shows an example of 6 heads configuration.
6.3 Power Save (2) LBA mode Logical address assignment in the LBA mode starts from physical cylinder 0, physical head 0, and physical sector 1. If the last sector of a physical track is used, the track is switched and the next LBA is assigned to the initial sector of the subsequent physical track. Figure 6.6 shows an example of 4 heads configuration (assuming there is no track skew). 230 506 231 507 232 508 229 505 230 506 228 504 229 505 505 229 506 230 458 1010 459 1011 6 5 506 230 Figure 6.
Operations The drive moves from the Active mode to the idle mode by itself. Regardless of whether the power down is enabled, the device enters the idle mode. The device also enters the idle mode in the same way after power-on sequence is completed. And, the automatic power-down is executed if no command is coming for 30 min. (default) (1) Active mode In this mode, all the electric circuit in the device are active or the device is under seek, read or write operation.
6.4 Defect Management When one of following commands is issued, the command is executed normally and the device is still stayed in the standby mode. • Reset (hardware or software) • STANDBY command • STANDBY IMMEDIATE command • INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command • CHECK POWER MODE command (4) Sleep mode The power consumption of the drive is minimal in this mode. The drive enters only the standby mode from the sleep mode.
Operations 6.4.1 Spare area Following two types of spare area are provided for every physical head. 1) Spare cylinder for sector slip: used for alternating defective sectors at formatting in shipment (4 cylinders) 2) Spare cylinder for alternative assignment: used for automatic alternative assignment at read error occurrence. (4 cylinders) 6.4.
6.4 Defect Management (2) Alternate cylinder assignment A defective sector is assigned to the spare sector in the alternate cylinder. This processing is performed when the alternate assignment is specified in the FORMAT TRACK command or when the automatic alternate processing is performed at read error occurrence. Figure 6.8 shows an example where (physical) sector 5 is detective on head 0 in cylinder 0.
Operations An unrecoverable write error occurs during write error retry, automatic alternate assignment is performed. 6.5 Read-Ahead Cache After read command which involes read data from the disk medium is completed, the read-ahead cache function reads the subsequent data blocks automatically and stores the data to the data buffer. When the next command requests to read the read-ahead data, the data can be transferred from the data buffer without accessing the disk medium.
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache • READ SECTOR (S) • READ MULTIPLE • READ DMA When caching operation is disabled by the SET FEATURES command, no caching operation is performed. (2) Data that are object of caching operation Follow data are object of caching operation. 1) Read-ahead data read from the medium to the data buffer after completion of the command that are object of caching operation.
Operations − READ MULTIPLE − WRITE SECTOR(S) − WRITE MULTIPLE − WRITE VERIFY SECTOR(S) 3) Caching operation is inhibited by the SET FEATURES command. 4) Issued command is terminated with an error. 5) Soft reset or hard reset occurs, or power is turned off. 6) The device enters the sleep mode. 7) Under the state that the write data is kept in the data buffer for write command as a caching data, new write command is issued. (write data kept until now are invalidated) 6.5.
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache 2) Transfers the requested data that already read to the host system with reading the requested data from the disk media. Stores the read-requested data upto this point HAP Empty area Read-requested data DAP 3) After reading the requested data and transferring the requested data to the host system had been completed, the disk drive stops command execution without performing the read-ahead operation.
Operations 1) At receiving the sequential read command, the disk drive sets the DAP and HAP to the start address of the segment and reads the requested data from the load of the segment. HAP Mis-hit data Empty area DAP 2) The disk drive transfers the requested data that is already read to the host system with reading the requested data.
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache b. Sequential hit When the previously executed read command is the sequential command and the last sector address of the previous read command is sequential to the lead sector address of the received read command, the disk drive transfers the hit data in the buffer to the host system.
Operations 4) Finally, the cache data in the buffer is as follows. Read-ahead data Start LBA Last LBA c. Non-sequential command immediately after sequential command When a sequential read command (first read) has been executed, the first read operation should be stopped if a non-sequential read command has been received and then, ten or more of the non-sequential read commands have been received. (Refer to 6.5.3.1.
6.5 Read-Ahead Cache 3) The cache data for next read command is as follows. Cache data Start LBA Last LBA 6.5.3.4 Partially hit A part of requested data including a lead sector are stored in the data buffer. The disk drive starts the data transfer from the address of the hit data corresponding to the lead sector of the requested data, and reads remaining requested data from the disk media directly. The disk drive does not perform the read-ahead operation after data transfer.
Operations 3) The cache data for next read command is as follows. Cache data Start LBA Last LBA 6.6 Write Cache The write cache function of the drive makes a high speed processing in the case that data to be written by a write command is physically sequent the data of previous command and random write operation is performed. When the drive receives a write command, the drive starts transferring data of sectors requested by the host system and writing on the disk medium.
6.6 Write Cache The drive uses a cache data of the last write command as a read cache data. When a read command is issued to the same address after the write command (cache hit), the read operation to the disk medium is not performed. If an error occurs during the write operation, the device retries the processing. If the error cannot be recovered by retry, automatic alternate assignment is performed. For details about automate alternate assignment, see item (3) of Section 6.4.2.
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Glossary Actuator Head positioning assembly. The actuator consists of a voice coil motor and head arm. If positions the read-write (R-W) head. AT bus A bus between the host CPU and adapter board ATA (AT Attachment) standard The ATA standard is for a PC AT interface regulated to establish compatibility between products manufactured by different vendors. Interfaces based on this standard are called ATA interfaces.
Glossary MTBF Mean time between failures. The MTBF is calculated by dividing the total operation time (total power-on time) by the number of failures in the disk drive during operation. MTTR Mean time to repair. The MTTR is the average time required for a service person to diagnose and repair a faulty drive.
Glossary Status The status is a piece of one-byte information posted from the drive to the host when command execution is ended. The status indicates the command termination state. VCM Voice coil motor. The voice coil motor is excited by one or more magnets. In this drive, the VCM is used to position the heads accurately and quickly.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations HDD Hard disk drive A ABRT AIC AMNF ATA AWG Abored command Automatic idle control Address mark not found AT attachment American wire gage B BBK BIOS Bad block detected Basic input-output system C CORR CH CL CM CSR CSS CY Corrected data Cylinder high register Cylinder low register Command register Current sense register Current start/stop Cylinder register I IDNF IRQ14 ID not found Interrupt request 14 L LED Light emitting diode M MB MB/S MPU Mega-byte Mega-byte per se
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Index 1-drive connection 2-4 2-drive connection 2-4 16/17 MTR MEEPRML 4-10 16/17 MTR MEEPRM 4-13 A Acceleration mode 4-21 Acoustic noise 1-7 Acoustic noise specification 1-8 Active mode 6-10 Actuator 2-3, 4-3 Actuator motor control 4-19 Adaptability 1-2 Adaptive equalizer circuit 4-12 ADC 4-17 A/D converter 4-17 Address translation 6-7, 6-8 AGC circuit 4-12 Air circulation system 2-3 Air filter 4-3 Alternate assignment, automatic 6-13 Alternate cylinder assignment 6-13 Alternate Status register 5-13 Alterna
Index Data transferring command 5-79, 5-81 Data transfer timing 5-102 DE 2-3 Default parameter 6-7 Defect management 6-11 Device configuration 2-1 Device connection 3-10 Device connector 3-9 Device Control register 5-13 Device/Head register 5-10 Device overview 1-1 Device response to reset 6-2 DF 5-12 Diagnostic code 5-9 Dimension 3-2, 3-3 Disk 2-2, 4-2 Disk enclosure 2-2 Disk media 2-3 DMA data transfer command 5-84 DRDY 5-11 Driver 4-17 Driver circuit 4-17 DRQ 5-12 DSC 5-12 E Environmental specification 1
Index Mean time to repair 1-9 Media defect 1-10 Microprocessor unit 4-14 Mis-hit 6-16 Model and product number 1-5 Model name and product number 1-5 Mounting 3-4 Move head to reference cylinder 4-15 MPU 4-14 MTBF 1-9 MTTR 1-9 Multiword DMA data transfer timing 5-103 Multiword mode 2 2-4 N NIEN 5-13 No hit 6-16 Noise and vibration 1-2 O Operation 6-1 Operation sequence 4-7 Operation to move head to reference cylinder 4-19 Other command 5-84 Outer guard band 4-18 Outerview 2-2 Outline 4-2 P PAD 4-19 Parameter
Index Servo B 4-19 Servo burst capture 4-17 Servo burst capture circuit 4-17 Servo C 4-19 Servo circuit 4-4 Servo control 4-14 Servo control circuit 4-14 Servo D 4-19 Servo format, data-surface 4-18 Servo frame format 4-18 Servo mark 4-19 SET FEATURES 5-40 SET MULTIPLE MODE 5-42 Shock 1-8 Slave 1-3 Slave drive setting 3-12 SLEEP 5-55 Sleep mode 6-11 SMART 5-57 Spare area 6-12 Specification summary 1-4 Spindle 4-3 Spindle motor 2-3 Spindle motor control 4-17, 4-20 Spindle motor control circuit 4-17 Spindle m
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Comment Form We would appreciate your comments and suggestions regarding this manual. Manual code C141-E088-01EN Manual name MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT DISK DRIVES PRODUCT MANUAL Please mark each item: E(Excellent), G(Good), F(Fair), P(Poor). General appearance Technical level Organization Clarity Accuracy ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) Illustration Glossary Acronyms & Abbreviations Index ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) Comments & Suggestions List any errors or suggestions for improvement.
MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT DISK DRIVES PRODUCT MANUAL C141-E088-01EN MHJ2181AT, MHK2120AT, MHK2090AT, MHK2060AT DISK DRIVES PRODUCT MANUAL C141-E088-01EN
