Service Manual

CAUTION
"Antileak" antifreezes are not recommended for
use in Cummins engines. Although these anti-
freezes are chemically compatible with DCA
water treatment, the "antileak" agents may clog
the coolant filters.
IMPORTANT: Fuel heaters used on vehicles
with Cummins PACE or CELECT engine sys-
tems could cause high fuel temperatures that
affect engine performance and operation of the
electronic engine controls. If a fuel heater is
used, make sure it has thermostatic controls. If
the fuel heater has a timer, set the timer to acti-
vate only for a limited period of time before the
engine starts. Make sure the fuel heater is used
only for starting the engine.
Detroit Diesel
Preparations made in advance of winter and mainte-
nance performed during the cold months will help to
ensure efficient engine starting and operation.
1.
Engine oil thickens as it gets colder, slowing
cranking speed. When cold, multigrade oil offers
less resistance to the cranking effort of the en-
gine and permits sufficient rpm to be developed
to start the engine. Refer to "Lubricating Oil Rec-
ommendations" in the Detroit Diesel Owner’s and
Operator’s Guide
for specific recommendations.
2.
When an engine equipped with a DDEC system
is started at temperatures below 25°F (–4°C), the
idle speed automatically increases to 900 rpm.
The injection timing is also advanced to de-
crease white smoke. As the engine oil warms up,
the idle speed gradually decreases. When the oil
temperature reaches 122°F (50°C), both the idle
speed and the injection timing return to normal.
3.
During cold weather, the batteries should be
tested more frequently to ensure ample power
for starting. All electrical connections should be
tight and in good condition to prevent losses
through loose or corroded connections.
4.
The ether start system should be properly
charged and in good working order.
5.
Ethylene-glycol-base antifreeze is recommended.
An inhibitor system is included in this type of an-
tifreeze and the corrosion protection is sufficient
as long as the recommended concentration
range of 30 to 67 percent (antifreeze to water by
volume) is employed. See Group 20 of the
Heavy-Duty Trucks Maintenance Manual for cool-
ing system capacity and quantity of antifreeze
required for the lowest anticipated temperature.
6.
If the engine is to be operated in arctic tempera-
tures, consult the nearest Freightliner dealer or
an authorized Detroit Diesel engine dealer for
information regarding availability of special cold
weather equipment.
Engine Break-In
Every engine is tested on a dynamometer before
shipment, eliminating the need for a break-in period.
Before running the engine for the first time, follow the
instructions in the Engine Operator’s Manual.
Engine Operation
DANGER
Do not operate the engine in an area where flam-
mable vapors such as gasoline or diesel fumes
are present. Shut down the engine when in an
area where flammable liquids or gases are being
handled. Failure to observe these precautions
could result in serious injury or death.
All diesel engines have been built to comply with the
requirements of the Federal (U.S.) Clean Air Act.
Once an engine is placed in service, the responsibil-
ity for meeting both state and local regulations is with
the owner/operator. Good operating practices, regular
maintenance, and correct adjustments are factors
that will help to stay within the regulations. Proper
maintenance of the engine, which is the responsibility
of the owner/operator, is essential to keep the emis-
sion levels low.
Engine Protection
On electronic engines, an engine-protection system
monitors all engine sensors and electronic compo-
nents, and recognizes system malfunctions. If a criti-
cal fault is detected, an amber check-engine warning
lamp and a red stop-engine lamp illuminate.
The standard parameters that are monitored for en-
gine protection are: low coolant level, high coolant
Engines and Clutches
7.7