Datasheet

16
Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS
Each URL component helps define the location of a Web page or resource:
✓ Protocol: Specifies the protocol the browser follows to request the file.
The Web page protocol is http:// (the usual start to most URLs).
✓ Domain: Points to the general Web site (such as www.sun.com) where
the file resides. A domain may host a few files (like a personal Web site)
or millions of files (like a large corporate site, such as www.sun.com).
✓ Path: Names the sequence of folders through which you must navigate
to get to a specific file.
For example, to get to a file in the evangcentral folder that resides in
the developers folder, you use the /developers/evangcentral/
path.
✓ Filename: Specifies which file in a directory path the browser accesses.
Although the URL shown in Figure 1-3 is not publicly accessible, it points to
the domain and offers a path that leads to a specific file named file.html:
http://www.domain.com/mainfolder/subfolder/file.html
Chapter 6 provides the complete details on how you use HTML and URLs to
add hyperlinks to your Web pages, and Chapter 3 shows how to obtain a URL
for your own Web site after you’re ready to move it to a Web server.
(X)HTML’s Component Parts
The following section removes the mystery from the X. This section shows
✓ The differences between HTML and XHTML
✓ How HTML is written (its syntax)
✓ Rules that govern use of HTML (and XHTML)
✓ Names for important pieces and parts of HTML (and XHTML) markup
✓ How to make the best, most correct use of (X)HTML capabilities
HTML and XHTML: What’s the difference?
HTML is Hypertext Markup Language, markup developed in the late 1980s
and early 1990s to describe Web pages. HTML is now enshrined in numerous
standard descriptions (specifications) from the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C). The last HTML specification was done in 1999.
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