Product Manual
LIMITATIONS
1.
The Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test is for in vitro diagnostic use only. The test should be used for
the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens in anterior nasal swab specimens only. The intensity of the te
st
line does not necessarily
correlate to SARS-CoV-2 viral titer i
n the specimen.
2.
Specimens should be tested as quickly as possible after specimen collection.
3. Failure to follow the instructions for use may adversely affect test performance and/or invalidate the test result.
4. A false negative result may occur if the level of antigen in a sample is below the detection limit of the test.
5.
A false negative result may occur if the sample was collected incorrectly or handled.
6.
A false negative result may occur if the swab is not swirled at least 30 seconds or rota
ted five times
7.
A false negative or invalid result may occur if less than 4 drops of fluid are added to the Sample W
ell.
8. A false negative or false positive result may occur if the test result is read before 15 minutes or after 30 minutes
9.
This test detects both viable (live) and non-viable, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Test performan
ce
depends
on the amount of virus (antigen) in the sample and may or may not correlate with viral culture
results performed on the same sam
ple.
10
. The Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test does not differentiate between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
11.
Test results should be correlated with other clinical data available to the phys
ician.
12.
A positive or negative test result does not rule out co-infections with other pathogens such as other v
iral
or bacterial infections.
13.
Negative results are presumptive, do not rule out COVID-19 infection and it may be necessary to obtain
additional testing with a molecular assay, if needed for patient management.
14.
A negative test result is not intended to rule out other viral or bacterial infections.
15. If the differentiation of specific SARS viruses and strains is needed, additional testing is required, in
consultation with state or local public health departments, is required. The performance of this test w
as
established based on the evaluation of a limited number of clinical specimens collect
ed between Marc
h
and Ma
y 2021. Clinical performance has not been established with all circulat
ing variants but is
anticipated to be
reflective of the prevalent variants in circulation at t
he time and location of the clinical
evaluation. Perfo
rmance at the time of testing may vary depending on the variants circ
ulating, including
ne
wly emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 and their prevalence, which change over ti
me.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy
The performance of Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test was established in an all-comers clinical study
conducted between March 2021 and May 2021 with 172 nasal swabs self-collected or pair-collected by
another study participant from 108 individual symptomatic patients (within 7 days of onset) suspected of
COVID-19 and 64 asymptomatic patients. All subjects were screened for the presence or absence of COVID-
19 symptoms within two weeks of study enrollment. The study was conducted in a simulated home setting
environment at two study sites in U.S. All study participants performed the test unassisted and interpreted the
result, using only the product labeling. The Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test results were compared to
an FDA EUA RT-PCR COVID-19 assay to determine test performance in the tables below:
Table 1. Performance of Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test in ALL subjects
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test
RT-PCR method
Positive Negative Total
Positive 39 0 39
Negative 3 130 133
Total 42 130 172
Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) 93% (95%CI: 81% - 99%)
Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) 100% (95%CI: 97% - 100%)
Table 2. Performance of the Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test in Symptomatic subjects
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test
RT-PCR method
Positive Negative Total
Positive 28 0 28
Negative 2 78 80
Total 30 78 108
Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) 93% (95%CI: 78% - 99%)
Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) 100% (95%CI: 95% - 100%)
Table 3. Performance of the Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test in Asymptomatic subjects
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test
RT-PCR method
Positive Negative Total
Positive 11 0 11
Negative 1 52 53
Total 12 52 64
Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) 92% (95%CI: 62% - 100%)
Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) 100% (95%CI: 93% - 100%)
Table 4. Cumulative PPA results by days since symptom onset
Days Since
Symptom Onset
#
Specimens
Tested
# Cumulative Positive
Flowflex COVID-19
Antigen Home Test
Cumulative Positive
RT-PCR
Cumulative
PPA
0 to 1 day 29 6 7 86%
0 to 2 days 64 15 16 94%
0 to 3 days 90 20 21 95%
0 to 4 days 96 21 22 95%
0 to 5 days 100 23 24 96%
0 to 6 days 106 26 28 93%
0 to 7 days 108 28 30 93%
Asymptomatic 64 11 12 92%
Patient Demographics:
A total of 172 patients participated in the clinical study. Ages of patients ranged from 2 years to 93 years.
Age distribution and the positive results broken down by age of the patient are shown below.
Table 5. Age distribution of patients and specimen positivity
Age Group
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test (N=175)
Total Total Positive Prevalence
2-13 years 18 5 28%
14- 24 years 25 4 16%
25- 64 years 94 21 23%
≥ 65 years 35 9 27%
Total 172 39 23%
Analytical Sensitivity: Limit of Detection (LoD)
The Limit of Detection (LoD) of the Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test was determined using limiting
dilutions of the heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (USA-WA1/2020). Nasal swabs from healthy donors were
collected and eluted with PBS. The swab eluates were combined and mixed thoroughly to create a negative
clinical matrix pool to be used as the diluent. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus was diluted in this negative clinical
matrix pool to generate virus dilutions for testing.
The contrived nasal swab samples were prepared by absorbing 50 µL of each virus dilution onto the swab.
The contrived swab samples were processed and tested according to the package insert.
SARS-CoV-2 Concentration in nasal matrix Number of Positives/Total % Detected
2.5 x 10
3
TCID
50
/mL 60/60 100%
LoD was determined as the lowest virus concentration that was detected ≥ 95% of the time.
Based on this testing, the LoD in nasal matrix was confirmed to be 2.5 x 10
3
TCID
50
/mL
Analytical Specificity: Cross-Reactivity and Microbial Interference
Cross-reactivity was evaluated by testing a panel of related pathogens and microorganisms that are likely to
be present in the nasal cavity. Each organism and virus were tested in the absence or presence of heat-
inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (USA-WA1/2020) at a low concentration.
No cross-reactivity or interference was observed with the following organisms when tested at the
concentration presented in the table below.
Potential Cross Reactant Test Concentration
Cross-Reactivity
Results
Interference Results
Virus
Adenovirus 1.14 x 10
6
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Enterovirus 9.50 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Human coronavirus 229E 1.04 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Human coronavirus OC43 2.63 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Human coronavirus NL63 1.0 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Human Metapneumovirus 1.25 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
MERS-coronavirus 7.90 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Influenza A 1.04 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Influenza B 1.04 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Parainfluenza virus 1 1.25 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Parainfluenza virus 2 3.78 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Parainfluenza virus 3 1.0 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Parainfluenza virus 4 2.88 x 10
6
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Respiratory syncytial virus 3.15 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Rhinovirus 3.15 x 10
5
TCID
50
/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Bacteria
Bordetella pertussis 2.83 x 10
9
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Chlamydia pneumonia 3.5 x 10
7
IFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Chlamydia trachomatis 3.13 x 10
8
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Haemophilus influenzae 1.36 x 10
8
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Legionella pneumophila 4.08 x 10
9
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1.72 x 10
7
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 7.90 x 10
7
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Staphylococcus aureus 1.38 x 10
7
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Staphylococcus epidermidis 2.32 x 10
9
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Streptococcus pneumoniae 1.04 x 10
8
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Streptococcus pyogenes 4.10 x 10
6
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Pneumocystis jirovecii-S.
cerevisiae
8.63 x 10
7
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.87 x 10
8
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
Yeast Candida albicans 1.57 x 10
8
CFU/mL No cross-reactivity No Interference
To estimate the likelihood of cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 of organisms that were not available for wet
testing, in-silico analysis was used to assess the degree of protein sequence homology. The comparison
between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and human coronavirus HKU1 revealed a low homology of 36.7%
across 82.8% of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid sequence. The result suggests that cross-reactivity with
human coronavirus HKU1 cannot be completely ruled out.
Compared the sequence homology between the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and the structural
proteins of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and with given the substantial homology rate (91.5%), there is
high probability of cross-reactivity between the nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. The
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test does not differentiate between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Endogenous Interfering Substances
The following substances, naturally present in respiratory specimens or that may be artificially introduced into
the nasal cavity or nasopharynx, were evaluated. In addition to the materials that are found in the nasal cavity,
substances that are commonly found on the hands were also tested. Each substance was tested in the
absence or presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus (USA-WA1/2020) at a low concentration. The performance of
Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test was not affected by any of the potentially interfering substances listed
in the table below at the concentrations tested.
Interfering Substance Source/Item
Test
Concentration
Cross-Reactivity
Results
Interference
Results
Biotin Sigma/ B4501 3500 ng/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Chloraseptic Throat Lozenge
(Menthol/Benzocaine)
Chloraseptic 1.5 mg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Cough Lozenge (Menthol) Ricola 1.5 mg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Dyclonine Hydrochloride Sigma/PHR1849 1.5mg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Fluticasone propionate Flonase 5% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Mucin Sigma/M3895 0.5% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Mupirocin Sigma/M7694 10 mg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Nasal Drops (Phenylephrine) Equate (Walmart) 15% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Nasal Spray (Cromolyn) NasalCrom 15% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Nasal Spray (Homeopathic) ALKALOL 1:10 Dilution No cross-reactivity No interference
Nasal Spray (Oxymetazoline HCl) Afrin 15% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Naso GEL (NeilMed) NeilMed 5% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Sore Throat Phenol Spray Equate (Walmart) 15% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir Phosphate) Tamiflu 5 mg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Tobramycin Sigma/LRAC4285 4 µg/mL No cross-reactivity No interference
Whole Blood In-house 4% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Zicam Zicam 5% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Potential Interfering Household
Items
Source /Item
Test
Concentration
Cross-Reactivity
Results
Interference
Results
Body & Hand Lotion Aveeno 0.5% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Body Lotion, with 1.2%
dimethicone
Aveeno 0.5% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Hand Lotion Bath & Body 5% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Hand Sanitizer with Aloe, 62%
ethyl alcohol
Hand in Hand 5% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Hand Sanitizer cream lotion Dove 15% v/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Hand Sanitizer, 80% ethanol, fast
drying
Allied Photo
Chemical
15% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
Hand soap liquid gel SoftSoap 10% w/v No cross-reactivity No interference
High Dose Hook Effect
No high dose hook effect was observed when tested with up to a concentration of 1.0 x 10
6
TCID50/mL of
heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus (USA-WA1/2020) with the Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test.
Usability Study
A total of 431 subjects were enrolled in the study and were instructed to self-collect or collect a sample from
a child, complete the required procedural steps, and interpret the test results unassisted in a simulated home-
setting. The overall success of every task completed by all subjects enrolled was determined by unassisted
professional observation. Subjects performed 96.2% (409/425) of steps/tasks correctly compared to
healthcare professional users.
After the completion of the test, the subject (or Parent/Legal Guardian) completed a test usability and
satisfaction questionnaire. Specifically, 98.8% of subjects indicated that it was easy to see and understand
the test results. Untrained lay users missed 7.9% of results compared to a healthcare provider, suggesting
that lay users should carefully inspect the test cassette for faint lines. The Invalid Test Rate for the clinical
study: the overall invalid result rate was 0% (0/172), this indicated that all the users had added sufficient
sample volume (4 drops) onto the test cassettes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Shuo Su, Gary Wong, Weifeng Shi, et al. Epidemiology, Genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of
coronaviruses. Trends in Microbiology, June 2016, vol. 24, No. 6: 490-502
2.
Susan R. Weiss, Julian L. Leibowitz, Coronavirus Pathogenesis, Advances in Virus Research, Volume
81: 85-164
Index of Symbols
Manufacturer Date of manufacture
Contains sufficient for <n> tests
REF
Catalogue number
IVD
In vitro diagnostic medical device Use-by date
Consult instructions for use LOT Batch code
Temperature limit Do not reuse
ACON Laboratories, Inc.
San Diego, CA 92121, USA
aconlabs.com
Customer Support: 1-800-838-9502
Number: 1151390301
Effective Date: 2021-10-20