BlackDiamond User Guide Extreme Networks, Inc. 10460 Bandley Drive Cupertino, California 95014 (888) 257-3000 http://www.extremenetworks.com Published: September 1998 Part number: 101000-00 Rev.
Copyright © Extreme Networks, Inc., 1998. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without permission from Extreme Networks, Inc. Extreme Networks, ExtremeWare, BlackDiamond, Summit, SummitLink, ExtremeWare Vista, Summit Virtual Chassis, and the Extreme Networks logo are trademarks of Extreme Networks. PACE is a trademark of 3Com Corporation.
Contents PREFACE Introduction xv Conventions xvi Related Publications 1 xvii BLACKDIAMOND OVERVIEW BlackDiamond 6800 Components 1-1 Summary of Features 1-3 Full-Duplex 1-4 Load Sharing 1-4 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 1-4 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 1-5 Quality of Service (QoS) 1-5 IP Unicast Routing 1-6 IP Multicast Routing 1-6 Network Configuration Example 1-6 Factory Defaults 1-8 2 ACCESSING THE SYSTEM Understanding the Command Syntax 2-2 Syntax Helper 2-2 Command Completion with Syntax Helper Abbreviated
Names 2-4 Symbols 2-4 Line-Editing Keys 2-5 Common Commands 2-6 Configuring Management Access 2-8 Default Accounts 2-9 Changing the Default Password 2-9 Creating a Management Account 2-10 Viewing Accounts 2-10 Deleting an Account 2-11 Methods of Managing the BlackDiamond 2-11 Using the Console Interface 2-12 Using Telnet 2-12 Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet 2-12 Configuring System IP Parameters 2-13 Using a BOOTP Server 2-13 Manually Configuring the IP Settings 2-14 Disconnecting a Telnet Session 2-
3 CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS Configuring a Slot 3-1 Specifying One or More Ports 3-3 Enabling and Disabling Ports 3-3 Configuring Port Speed and Duplex Setting 3-4 Turning Off Autonegotiation for a Gigabit Ethernet Port Port Commands 3-4 Load Sharing 3-7 Configuring Load Sharing 3-7 Verifying the Load-Sharing Configuration 3-9 Port-Mirroring 3-9 Port-Mirroring Commands 3-10 Port-Mirroring Example 3-10 4 3-4 VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Overview of Virtual LANs 4-1 Benefits 4-1 Types of VLANs 4-2 Port-Based
5 FORWARDING DATABASE (FDB) Overview of the FDB 5-1 FDB Contents 5-1 FDB Entry Types 5-1 How FDB Entries Get Added 5-3 Associating a QoS Profile with an FDB Entry Configuring FDB Entries 5-3 FDB Configuration Examples 5-4 Displaying FDB Entries 5-5 Removing FDB Entries 5-6 6 SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol 6-1 Spanning Tree Domains 6-1 Defaults 6-2 STP Configurations 6-2 Configuring STP on the BlackDiamond 6-5 Configuration Example 6-8 Displaying STP Settings 6-8 Disab
Configuring QoS 7-8 Sample Ingress Mode QoS Configuration 7-9 Sample Egress Mode QoS Configuration 7-10 Displaying QoS Information 7-10 Resetting QoS 7-11 8 IP UNICAST ROUTING Overview of IP Unicast Routing 8-1 Router Interfaces 8-2 Populating the Routing Table 8-3 Dynamic Routes 8-3 Static Routes 8-3 Multiple Routes 8-4 Proxy ARP 8-4 ARP-Incapable Devices 8-4 Proxy ARP Between Subnets 8-5 IP Multinetting 8-5 IP Multinetting Operation 8-6 IP Multinetting Examples 8-7 Configuring IP Unicast Routing 8-9 Ver
Triggered Updates 9-4 Route Advertisement of VLANs 9-4 RIP Version 1 versus RIP Version 2 9-4 Overview of OSPF 9-5 Link-State Database 9-5 Areas 9-5 Area 0 9-6 Stub Areas 9-6 Virtual Links 9-7 Unicast Route Distribution 9-9 Configuring RIP 9-9 RIP Configuration Example 9-11 Displaying RIP Settings 9-13 Resetting and Disabling RIP 9-14 Configuring OSPF 9-14 OSPF Configuration Example 9-17 Configuration for ABR1 9-19 Configuration for IR1 9-19 Displaying OSPF Settings 9-20 Resetting and Disabling OSPF Setting
11 STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS Status Monitoring 11-1 Slot Diagnostics 11-8 Port Statistics 11-9 Port Errors 11-10 Port Monitoring Display Keys 11-11 Logging 11-11 Local Logging 11-13 Real-Time Display 11-13 Remote Logging 11-14 Logging Commands 11-14 RMON 11-16 About RMON 11-17 RMON Features of the BlackDiamond 11-17 Statistics 11-17 History 11-17 Alarms 11-18 Events 11-18 RMON and the BlackDiamond 11-18 Event Actions 11-19 12 USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA Enabling and Disabling Web Access 12-1 Settin
13 SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND BOOT OPTIONS Downloading a New Image 13-1 Rebooting the System 13-2 Saving Configuration Changes 13-3 Returning to Factory Defaults 13-3 Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration 13-4 Using TFTP to Download the Configuration 13-5 Boot Option Commands 13-5 A SUPPORTED STANDARDS B TROUBLESHOOTING LEDs 9 Using the Command-Line Interface VLANs 12 STP 14 INDEX X 10
Figures 1-1 1-2 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 6-1 6-2 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 10-1 BlackDiamond 6800 system 1-2 BlackDiamond network configuration example 1-7 Example of a port-based VLAN 4-3 Single port-based VLAN spanning two switches 4-4 Two port-based VLANs spanning two BlackDiamond systems 4-5 Physical diagram of tagged and untagged traffic 4-7 Logical diagram of tagged and untagged traffic 4-8 Network example using GVRP 4-9 Protocol-based VLANs 4-12 Multiple Spanning Tree Domains 6-3 Tag-based STP
XII
Tables 1 2 1-1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-1 4-2 4-3 5-1 5-2 6-1 6-2 7-1 7-2 Notice Icons xvi Text Conventions xvi BlackDiamond Factory Defaults 1-8 Command Syntax Symbols 2-4 Line-Editing Keys 2-5 Common Commands 2-6 Default Accounts 2-9 IP Host Configuration Commands 2-16 Supported MIBs 2-19 SNMP Configuration Commands 2-20 SNMP Reset and Disable Commands 2-22 Ping Command Parameters 2-22 Port Commands 3-5 Port Combinations for the G4X Module 3-8 Port Combinations for the G
7-3 7-4 8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 9-1 9-2 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-6 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 11-1 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 12-1 13-1 XIV PQM Commands 7-8 QoS Configuration Commands 7-8 ESRP Commands 8-11 Basic IP Commands 8-12 Route Table Configuration Commands 8-14 ICMP Configuration Commands 8-15 Router Show Commands 8-18 Router Reset and Disable Commands 8-20 RIP Configuration Commands 9-9 RIP Show Commands 9-13 RIP Reset and Disable Commands 9-14 OSPF Configuration Commands 9-14 OSPF Show Commands 9-20 OSPF Reset and
Preface This Preface provides an overview of this guide, describes guide conventions, and lists other publications that may be useful. INTRODUCTION This guide provides the required information to configure the BlackDiamond™ system and software. This guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting up network equipment.
PREFACE If the information in the “Release Notes” shipped with your switch differs from the information in this guide, follow the “Release Notes.” CONVENTIONS Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide. Table 1: Notice Icons Icon Notice Type Alerts you to... Note Important features or instructions. Caution Risk of personal injury, system damage, or loss of data. Warning Risk of severe personal injury.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS RELATED PUBLICATIONS The BlackDiamond documentation set includes the following: • BlackDiamond Hardware Installation Guide • BlackDiamond Quick Reference Guide • BlackDiamond “Release Notes” Documentation for Extreme Networks products is available on the World Wide Web at the following location: • Extreme Networks home page http://www.extremenetworks.
PREFACE XVIII BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
1 BlackDiamond Overview The BlackDiamond 6800 is a chassis-based system that is designed to be placed in the core of your network. The BlackDiamond system is flexible and scalable, making it easy for you to meet the changing requirements of your network. The combination of BlackDiamond systems and Summit switches delivers a consistent end-to-end network solution that provides non-blocking architecture, wire-speed switching, wire-speed IP routing, and policy-based Quality of Service.
BLACKDIAMOND OVERVIEW MSM module slots I/O module slots ESD wrist strap connector 1 2 51010 3 51020 51010 4 A B 51020 50014 50014 I/O module slots 5 6 52010 7 52010 8 52020 52020 G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST R ER V EN R ST M S SY R ER V EN R ST M S SY G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST G DIA US AT ST 1 1 1 1 1 9 17 25 1 9 17 25 1 9 17 25 1 9 2 2 2 2 2 10 18 26 2 10 18 26 2 10 18 26 2 10 18 3 3 3
SUMMARY SUMMARY OF OF FEATURES FEATURES The features of the BlackDiamond 6800 include the following: • A 10-slot chassis that can be populated with up to 8 input/output (I/O) modules and 2 Management Switch Fabric Modules (MSMs) • MSM and I/O modules are hot-swappable • I/O modules include Gigabit Ethernet or 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports • Redundant, load-sharing, hot-swappable power supplies • Field-replaceable fan tray • Up to 256 switched 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports • Up to 48 switched Gigabit Etherne
BLACKDIAMOND OVERVIEW • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) support • Remote Monitoring (RMON) • Traffic mirroring for all ports For more information on BlackDiamond components, refer to the BlackDiamond Hardware Installation Guide. FULL-DUPLEX The BlackDiamond provides full-duplex support for all ports. Full-duplex allows frames to be transmitted and received simultaneously and, in effect, doubles the bandwidth available on a link.
SUMMARY OF FEATURES • It eases the change and movement of devices on networks. If a device in VLAN marketing is moved to a port in another part of the network, all you must do is specify that the new port belongs to VLAN marketing. For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 4. SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) The BlackDiamond supports the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which is a bridge-based mechanism for providing fault tolerance on networks.
BLACKDIAMOND OVERVIEW IP UNICAST ROUTING The BlackDiamond can route IP traffic between the VLANs that are configured as virtual router interfaces. Both dynamic and static IP routes are maintained in the routing table. The following routing protocols are supported: • RIP version 1 • RIP version 2 • OSPF For more information on IP unicast routing, refer to Chapter 8. IP MULTICAST ROUTING The BlackDiamond can use IP multicasting to allow a single IP host to transmit a packet to a group of IP hosts.
NETWORK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE When used as a server switch, the BlackDiamond supports 10/100 Mbps segments and Gigabit Ethernet segments, handling traffic to and from servers in the data center. This application ensures sufficient bandwidth between servers and to segments. Conversely, the BlackDiamond can support Gigabit Ethernet segments and 10/100 Mbps server links to optimize client-to-server traffic.
BLACKDIAMOND OVERVIEW FACTORY DEFAULTS Table 1-1 shows factory defaults for the BlackDiamond features.
2 Accessing The System This chapter provides the following required information to begin managing the BlackDiamond: • Understanding the command syntax • Line-editing commands • Command history substitution • Configuring the system for management • System management methods • Configuring SNMP • Checking basic connectivity In order for configuration changes to be retained through a power cycle or reboot, you must issue a SAVE command after you have made the change.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING THE COMMAND SYNTAX This section describes the steps to take when entering a command. Refer to the sections that follow for detailed information on using the command-line interface. To use the command-line interface, follow these steps: 1 When entering a command at the prompt, ensure that you have the appropriate privilege level. Most configuration commands require you to have the administrator privilege level. 2 Enter the command name.
UNDERSTANDING THE COMMAND SYNTAX ABBREVIATED SYNTAX Abbreviated syntax is the shortest, most unambiguous, allowable abbreviation of a command or parameter. Typically, this is the first three letters of the command. COMMAND SHORTCUTS All named components of the system configuration must have a unique name. Components are named using the create command. When you enter a command to configure a named component, you do not need to use the keyword of the component.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM You can specify a range of slots and ports. For example, port 2:3-4:5 indicates slot 2, port 3 through slot 4, port 5. NAMES All named components of the system configuration must have a unique name. Names must begin with an alphabetical character and are delimited by whitespace, unless enclosed in quotation marks. SYMBOLS You may see a variety of symbols shown as part of the command syntax.
LINE-EDITING KEYS Table 2-1: Command Syntax Symbols (continued) Symbol Description braces { } Enclose an optional value or a list of optional arguments. One or more values or arguments can be specified. For example, in the syntax show vlan { | all} you can specify either a particular VLAN or the keyword all. If you do not specify an argument, the command will show all VLANs. Do not type the braces.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM COMMAND HISTORY The BlackDiamond “remembers” the last 49 commands you enter. You can display a list of these commands by using the following command: history COMMON COMMANDS Table 2-3 describes common commands used to manage the system. Commands specific to a particular feature are described in the other chapters of this guide. Table 2-3: Common Commands Command Description create account [admin | user] {} Creates a user account.
COMMON COMMANDS Table 2-3: Common Commands (continued) Command Description config vlan ipaddress {} Configures an IP address and subnet mask for a VLAN. enable bootp vlan [ | all] Enables BOOTP for one or more VLANs. enable idletimeout Enables a timer that disconnects all sessions (both Telnet and console) after 20 minutes of inactivity. The default setting is disabled. clear session Terminates a Telnet session from the system.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM CONFIGURING MANAGEMENT ACCESS The BlackDiamond supports the following two level levels of management: • User • Administrator A user-level account has viewing access to all manageable parameters, with the exception of the following: • User account database • SNMP community strings A user-level account can use the ping command to test device reachability, and change the password assigned to the account name.
CONFIGURING MANAGEMENT ACCESS DEFAULT ACCOUNTS By default, the system is configured with two accounts, as shown in Table 2-4. Table 2-4: Default Accounts Account Name Access Level admin This user can access and change all manageable parameters. The admin account cannot be deleted. user This user can view (but not change) all manageable parameters, with the following exceptions: ■ This user cannot view the user account database. ■ This user cannot view the SNMP community strings.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM 4 Enter the new password at the prompt. 5 Re-enter the new password at the prompt. If you forget your password while logged out of the command-line interface, contact your local technical support representative, who will advise on your next course of action. CREATING A MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT The system can have a total of 16 management accounts. You can use the default names (admin and user), or you can create new names and passwords for the accounts.
METHODS OF MANAGING THE BLACKDIAMOND Output from the show accounts command is as follows: #show account User Name ------------admin user DELETING AN Access -----R/W RO LoginOK ------0 0 Failed -----0 0 Session -------- ACCOUNT To delete a account, you must have administrator privileges.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM USING THE CONSOLE INTERFACE The command-line interface built into the system is accessible by way of the 9-pin, RS-232 port labelled console, located on either of the MSMs. For more information on the console port pinouts, refer to the BlackDiamond Hardware Installation Guide. Once the connection is established, you will see the system prompt and you may log in.
USING TELNET CONFIGURING SYSTEM IP PARAMETERS To manage the system by way of a Telnet connection or by using an SNMP Network Manager, you must first configure the system IP parameters. USING A BOOTP SERVER If you are using IP and you have a BOOTP server set up correctly on your network, you must add the following information to the BOOTP server: • System Media Access Control (MAC) address • IP address • Subnet address mask (optional) The system MAC address is found on the rear label of the system.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM MANUALLY CONFIGURING THE IP SETTINGS If you are using IP without a BOOTP server, you must enter the IP parameters for the system in order for the SNMP Network Manager, Telnet software, or Web interface to communicate with the device. To assign IP parameters to the system, you must do the following: • Log in to the system with administrator privileges. • Assign an IP address and subnetwork mask to a VLAN. The BlackDiamond comes configured with a default VLAN named default.
USING TELNET 5 Assign an IP address and subnetwork mask for the default VLAN by using the following command: config vlan ipaddress {} For example: config vlan default ipaddress 123.45.67.8 255.255.255.0 Your changes take effect immediately. 6 Configure the default route for the system using the following command: config iproute add default {} For example: config iproute add default 123.45.67.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM Sample output from the show session command is as follows: show session: 0 Wed Sep 17 20:48:38 1997 admin console serial 4 Wed Sep 17 21:52:16 1997 admin telnet 192.208.37.26 The session number is the first number on the line of the show session output. 3 Terminate the session by using the following command: clear session DISABLING TELNET ACCESS By default, Telnet services are enabled on the system.
USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA Table 2-5: IP Host Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config iproute add {} Adds a static address to the routing table. Use a value of 255.255.255.255 for mask to indicate a host entry. config iproute delete Deletes a static address from the routing table. config iproute add default {} Adds a default gateway to the routing table.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM For more information on using ExtremeWare Vista, refer to Chapter 12. DISABLING WEB ACCESS By default, Web access is enabled on the BlackDiamond. To disable it, enter the following command: disable web To re-enable Web access, enter the following command: enable web Reboot the system in order for these changes to take effect. For more information on rebooting the system, refer to Chapter 13.
USING SNMP SUPPORTED MIBS Any Network Manager running SNMP can manage the BlackDiamond, provided the MIB is installed correctly on the management station. In addition to private MIBs, the BlackDiamond supports the standard MIBs listed in Table 2-6.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM Read-write community strings provide read and write access to the system. The default read-write community string is private. A total of eight community strings can be configured on the system. The community string for all authorized trap receivers must be configured on the system for the trap receiver to receive system-generated traps.
USING SNMP Table 2-7: SNMP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config snmp syscontact Configures the name of the system contact. A maximum of 255 characters is allowed. config snmp sysname Configures the name of the system. A maximum of 255 characters is allowed. The default sysname is the model name of the device (for example, BD6800). The sysname appears in the BlackDiamond prompt. config snmp syslocation Configures the location of the system.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM RESETTING AND DISABLING SNMP To reset and disable SNMP settings, use the commands in Table 2-8. Table 2-8: SNMP Reset and Disable Commands Command Description disable snmp access Disables SNMP on the system. disable snmp trap Prevents SNMP traps from being sent from the system. Does not clear the SNMP trap receivers that have been configured. unconfig management Restores default values to all SNMP-related entries.
CHECKING BASIC CONNECTIVITY TRACEROUTE The traceroute command enables you to trace the routed path between the BlackDiamond system and a destination endstation. The traceroute command syntax is traceroute where ip_address is the IP address of the destination endstation.
ACCESSING THE SYSTEM 2-24 BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
3 Configuring Slots and Ports Ports on the BlackDiamond can be configured in the following ways: • Configuring a slot for a particular I/O module • Enabling and disabling individual ports • Configuring the port speed (Fast Ethernet ports only) • Configuring half- or full-duplex mode • Creating load-sharing groups on multiple ports • Changing the Quality or Service (QoS) setting for individual ports For more information on QoS, refer to Chapter 7.
CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS For information on saving the configuration, refer to Chapter 13. You can configure the BlackDiamond with the type of I/O module that is installed in each I/O slot. To do this, use the following command: config slot module [f32t | f32f | g4x | g6x] You can also pre-configure the slot before inserting the module card. This allows you to begin configuring the module and ports before installing the card in the chassis.
SPECIFYING ONE SPECIFYING ONE OR OR MORE PORTS MORE PORTS On the BlackDiamond, the port number is a combination of the slot number and the port number. The nomenclature for the port number is as follows: slot:port For example, if a G4X I/O module (having a total of four ports) is installed in slot 2 of the BlackDiamond chassis, the following ports are valid: • 2:1 • 2:2 • 2:3 • 2:4 You can also use wildcard combinations (*) to specify multiple BlackDiamond slot and port combinations.
CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS CONFIGURING PORT SPEED AND DUPLEX SETTING By default, the BlackDiamond is configured to use autonegotiation to determine the port speed and duplex setting for each port. You can select to manually configure the duplex setting and the speed of 10/100 Mbps ports, and you can manually configure the duplex setting on Gigabit Ethernet ports. 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX ports can connect to either 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks. By default, the ports autonegotiate port speed.
PORT COMMANDS Table 3-1: Port Commands Command Description enable learning port Enables MAC address learning on one or more ports. The default setting is enabled. enable port Enables a port. enable sharing grouping Defines a load-sharing group of ports. The ports specified in are grouped to the master port. config port auto on Enables autonegotiation for the particular port type; 802.
CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS Table 3-1: Port Commands (continued) Command Description show port {} config Displays the port configuration, including the following: show port {} information ■ Port state ■ Link state ■ Link speed ■ Duplex mode ■ Flow control ■ Load-sharing information ■ Link media information Displays detailed system-related information, including the following: ■ Port state ■ Link state ■ Autonegotiation state ■ Link speed ■ Duplex
LOAD SHARING Table 3-1: Port Commands (continued) Command Description show slot Displays slot-specific information, including the following: ■ Card type, serial number, part number ■ Current state ■ Port information LOAD SHARING Load sharing with BlackDiamond systems allows you to increase bandwidth and resilience by using a group of ports to carry traffic in parallel between switches. The sharing algorithm allows the BlackDiamond to use multiple ports as a single logical port.
CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS • Follow the outlined boxes in Table 3-2, Table 3-3, and Table 3-4 to determine the valid port combinations. • The first port in the load-sharing group is configured to be the “master” logical port. This is the reference port used in configuration commands. It can be thought of as the logical port representing the entire port group.
PORT-MIRRORING To define a load-sharing group, you assign a group of ports to a single, logical port number. To enable or disable a load-sharing group, use the following commands: enable sharing grouping disable sharing The ports assigned to a load-sharing group cannot be members of a Spanning Tree Diamond (STPD).
CONFIGURING SLOTS AND PORTS • VLAN — All data to and from a particular VLAN, regardless of the physical port configuration, is copied to the monitor port. • Virtual port — All data specific to a VLAN on a specific port is copied to the monitor port. Up to 8 mirroring filters and one monitor port can be configured. Once a port is specified as a monitor port, it cannot be used for any other function. Frames that contain errors are not mirrored.
PORT-MIRRORING The following example sends all traffic coming into or out of the system on slot 8, port 1 and the VLAN default to the mirror port: config mirroring add port 8:1 vlan default BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE 3-11
CONFIGURING SLOTS 3-12 AND PORTS BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
4 Virtual LANs (VLANs) Setting up Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) on the BlackDiamond eases many time-consuming tasks of network administration while increasing efficiency in network operations. This chapter describes the concept of VLANs and explains how to implement VLANs on the BlackDiamond. OVERVIEW OF VIRTUAL LANS The term “VLAN” is used to refer to a collection of devices that communicate as if they were on the same physical LAN.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) • VLANs provide extra security. Devices within each VLAN can only communicate with member devices in the same VLAN. If a device in VLAN Marketing must communicate with devices in VLAN Sales, the traffic must cross a routing device. • VLANs ease the change and movement of devices. With traditional networks, network administrators spend much of their time dealing with moves and changes. If users move to a different subnetwork, the addresses of each endstation must be updated manually.
TYPES Marketing 1 2 3 G6X 4 OF VLANS Finance A B 5 MSM 6 7 8 F32T 1 17 4 20 5 21 1 2 3 Sales 8 24 9 25 12 28 13 29 16 32 4 5 6 BD_001 Figure 4-1: Example of a port-based VLAN For the members of the different IP VLANs to communicate, the traffic must be routed by the BlackDiamond, even if they are physically part of the same I/O module. This means that each VLAN must be configured as a router interface with a unique IP address.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Figure 4-2 illustrates a single VLAN that spans two BlackDiamond systems. All ports on both systems belong to VLAN Sales. The two systems are connected using slot 1, port 4 on System 1, and slot 2, port 1 on System 2.
TYPES OF VLANS System 1 1 2 3 4 G6X Accounting A B 5 6 7 MSM 8 G6X 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 Engineering 1 2 3 G4X 4 A MSM B 5 6 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 System 2 8 G4X BD_003 Figure 4-3: Two port-based VLANs spanning two BlackDiamond systems VLAN Accounting spans System 1 and System 2 by way of a connection between Switch 1, slot 1, port 6 and Switch 2, slot 3, port 1.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) TAGGED VLANS Tagging is a process that inserts a marker (called a tag) into the Ethernet frame. The tag contains the identification number of a specific VLAN, called the VLANid. The use of 802.1Q tagged packets may lead to the appearance of packets slightly bigger than the current IEEE 802.3/Ethernet maximum of 1518 bytes. This may affect packet error counters in other devices, and may also lead to connectivity problems if non-802.1Q bridges or routers are placed in the path.
TYPES OF VLANS Figure 4-4 illustrates the physical view of a network that uses tagged and untagged traffic. System 1 M = Marketing S = Sales = Tagged port Marketing & Sales 1 2 3 4 A B 5 6 MSM G4X 7 8 F32T M M 1 M S 2 S 3 S 802.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Figure 4-5 shows a logical diagram of the same network.
TYPES MIXING PORT-BASED OF VLANS TAGGED VLANS AND You can configure the BlackDiamond using a combination of port-based and tagged VLANs. A given port can be a member of multiple VLANs, with the stipulation that only one of its VLANs uses untagged traffic. In other words, a port can simultaneously be a member of one port-based VLAN and multiple tag-based VLANs. For the purposes of VLAN classification, packets arriving on a port with an 802.1Q tag containing a VLANid of zero are treated as untagged.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) In Figure 4-6, System A is a member of VLAN Red. VLAN Red has the VLANid 10. Slot 1, ports 1 and 2 on System A are added to the VLAN as untagged. The configuration for System A is as follows: create config config enable vlan red vlan red tag 10 vlan red add port 1:1,1:2 untagged gvrp Switch B does not need to be configured with VLAN or tagging information.
TYPES OF VLANS GVRP COMMANDS Table 4-1 describes GVRP commands. Table 4-1: GVRP Commands Command Description enable gvrp Enables the Generic VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP). The default setting is disabled. config gvrp {listen | send | both | none} {port | all} Configures the sending and receiving GVRP information on one or more ports. Options include the following: ■ listen — Receive GVRP packets. ■ send — Send GVRP packets. ■ both — Send and receive GVRP packets.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) 1 2 3 4 A 192.207.35.1 B 5 6 7 8 192.207.36.1 My Company 192.207.35.0 Finance 1 2 192.207.36.
TYPES OF VLANS DEFINING PROTOCOL FILTERS If necessary, you can define a customized protocol filter based on EtherType, LLC, and/or SNAP. Up to six protocols may be part of a protocol filter. To define a protocol filter, do the following: 1 Create a protocol using the following command: create protocol For example: create protocol fred The protocol name can have a maximum of 31 characters.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) DELETING A PROTOCOL FILTER If a protocol filter is deleted from a VLAN, the VLAN is assigned a protocol filter of none. You can continue to configure the VLAN. However, no traffic is forwarded to the VLAN until a protocol is assigned to it. PRECEDENCE OF TAGGED PACKETS OVER PROTOCOL FILTERS If a VLAN is configured to accept tagged packets on a particular port, incoming packets that match the tag configuration take precedence over any protocol filters associated with the VLAN.
CONFIGURING VLANS ON THE BLACKDIAMOND DEFAULT VLAN The BlackDiamond ships with one default VLAN that has the following properties: • The VLAN name is default. • It contains all the ports on a new or initialized system. • The default VLAN is untagged on all ports. It has an internal VLANid of 1. CONFIGURING VLANS ON THE BLACKDIAMOND This section describes the commands associated with setting up VLANs on the BlackDiamond. Configuring a VLAN involves the following steps: 1 Create and name the VLAN.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) Table 4-2: VLAN Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config protocol [add | delete] Configures a protocol filter. Supported { values include: } ...
CONFIGURING VLANS ON THE BLACKDIAMOND VLAN CONFIGURATION EXAMPLES The following example creates a port-based VLAN named accounting, assigns the IP address 132.15.121.1, and assigns slot 2, ports 1, 2, 3, and 6, and slot 4, ports 1 and 2 to it: create config config config vlan accounting accounting ipaddress 132.15.121.
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) The following example defines a protocol filter, myprotocol and applies it to the VLAN named myvlan. This is an example only, and has no real-world application.
DISPLAYING VLAN SETTINGS The show command displays summary information about each VLAN, and includes the following: • Name • VLANid • How the VLAN was created (manually or by GVRP) • IP address • STPD information • Protocol information • QOS profile information • Ports assigned • Tagged/untagged status for each port • How the ports were added to the VLAN (manually or by GVRP) To display protocol information, use the following command: show protocol { | all} This show command displays protocol in
VIRTUAL LANS (VLANS) DELETING VLANS To delete a VLAN, or to return VLAN settings to their defaults, use the commands listed in Table 4-3. Table 4-3: VLAN Delete and Reset Commands Command Description disable ignore-stp vlan Allows a VLAN to use STP port information. unconfig vlan ipaddress Resets the IP address of the VLAN. delete vlan Removes a VLAN. delete protocol Removes a protocol.
5 Forwarding Database (FDB) This chapter describes the contents of the forwarding database (FDB), how the FDB works, and how to configure the FDB. OVERVIEW OF THE FDB The BlackDiamond maintains a database of all media access control (MAC) addresses received on all of its ports. It uses the information in this database to decide whether a frame should be forwarded or filtered. FDB CONTENTS The database holds up to a maximum of 128K entries.
FORWARDING DATABASE (FDB) BlackDiamond is reset or a power off/on cycle occurs. For more information about setting the aging time, refer to the section “Configuring FDB Entries,” later in this chapter. • Non-aging entries — If the aging time is set to zero, all aging entries in the database are defined as static, non-aging entries. This means that they do not age, but they are still deleted if the switch is reset.
CONFIGURING FDB ENTRIES HOW FDB ENTRIES GET ADDED Entries are added into the FDB in the following two ways: • The BlackDiamond can learn entries. The system updates its FDB with the source MAC address from a packet, the VLAN, and the port identifier on which the source packet is received. • You can enter and update entries using a MIB browser, an SNMP Network Manager, or the command-line interface.
FORWARDING DATABASE (FDB) Table 5-1: FDB Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config fdb agingtime Configures the FDB aging time. The range is 15 through 1,000,000 seconds. The default value is 300 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that the entry should never be aged out. enable learning port Enables MAC address learning on one or more ports. disable learning port Disables MAC address learning on one or more ports for security purposes.
DISPLAYING FDB ENTRIES DISPLAYING FDB ENTRIES To display FDB entries, use the command show fdb {all | | vlan | | permanent | qos} where the following is true: • all — Displays all FDB entries. • mac_address — Displays the entry for a particular MAC address. • vlan — Displays the entries for a VLAN. • slot:portlist — Displays the entries for a slot and port combination. • permanent — Displays all permanent entries.
FORWARDING DATABASE (FDB) The show command displays summary information, including • MAC address • VLAN name and VLANID The VLANID 0000 indicates that the entry is a special entry that is not associated with any one VLAN.
6 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) functionality of the BlackDiamond makes your network more fault tolerant. The following sections explain more about STP and the STP features supported by the system. STP is a part of the 802.1D bridge specification defined by the IEEE Computer Society. To explain STP in terms used by the 802.1D specification, the BlackDiamond will be referred to as a bridge.
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) A port can belong to only one STPD. If a port is a member of multiple VLANs, then all those VLANs must belong to the same STPD. The key points to remember when configuring VLANs and STP are the following: • Each VLAN forms an independent broadcast domain. • STP blocks paths to create a loop-free environment. • When STP blocks a path, no data can be transmitted or received on the blocked port. • Within any given STPD, all VLANs belonging to it use the same spanning tree.
STP CONFIGURATIONS Two STPDs are defined: • STPD1 contains VLANs Sales and Personnel. • STPD2 contains VLANs Manufacturing and Engineering. The VLAN Marketing is a member of the default STPD, but not assigned to either STPD1 or STPD2.
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) The VLAN Marketing, which has not been assigned to either STPD1 or STPD2, communicates using all five switches. The topology has no loops, because STP has already blocked the port connection between Switch A and Switch B, and between Switch Y and Switch Z. Within a single STPD, you must be extra careful when configuring your VLANs.
CONFIGURING STP ON THE BLACKDIAMOND Switch 2 has no ports assigned to VLAN marketing. Therefore, if the trunk for VLAN marketing on Switches 1 and 3 is blocked, the traffic for VLAN marketing will not be able to traverse the switches. CONFIGURING STP ON THE BLACKDIAMOND STP configuration involves the following actions: • Create one or more STP domains using the following command: create stpd STPD, VLAN, and QoS profile names must all be unique.
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) The following parameters can be configured on each port: • Path cost • Port priority The device supports the RFC 1493 Bridge MIB. Parameters of only the s0 default STPD are accessible through this MIB. Table 6-1 shows the commands used to configure STP. Table 6-1: STP Configuration Commands Command Description create stpd Creates an STPD.
CONFIGURING STP ON THE BLACKDIAMOND Table 6-1: STP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config stpd maxage Specifies the maximum age of a BPDU in this STPD. The range is 6 through 40. The default setting is 20 seconds. Note that the time must be greater than, or equal to 2 * (Hello Time + 1) and less than, or equal to 2 * (Forward Delay –1). config stpd priority Specifies the priority of the STPD.
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE The following example creates and enables an STPD named Backbone_st. It assigns the Manufacturing VLAN to the STPD. It disables STP on slot 2, ports 1 through 7, and slot 3 port 12.
DISABLING AND RESETTING STP To display the STP state of a port, use the following command: show stpd port This command displays the following: • STPD port configuration • STPD state (root bridge, and so on) • STPD port state (forwarding, blocking, and so on) DISABLING AND RESETTING STP To disable STP or return STP settings to their defaults, use the commands listed in Table 6-2.
SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (STP) 6-10 BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
7 Quality of Service (QoS) This chapter describes the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) and explains how to implement QoS on the BlackDiamond. OVERVIEW OF QUALITY OF SERVICE QoS is a feature of the BlackDiamond that allows you to specify different service levels for outbound traffic. QoS is an effective control mechanism for networks that have heterogeneous traffic patterns. Using QoS, you can specify the service that a traffic type receives.
QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) QoS profiles are assigned to traffic classifications, independent of the QoS mode chosen, in order to modify switch forwarding behavior. QOS MODE There are two modes of QoS. Ingress mode, the default, can use a wide variety of traffic classifications, but has a limitation of being able to use only the default four QoS profiles. You can modify the bandwidth parameters of the default QoS profiles.
BUILDING BLOCKS • Priority — The level of priority in which the traffic will be serviced by the switch. Choices include: — Low — Normal — Medium — High A QoS profile does not alter the behavior of the BlackDiamond until it is assigned to a traffic classification. The details of the default profiles are shown in Table 7-1.
QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) INGRESS TRAFFIC GROUPINGS Ingress traffic groupings include the following: • IP destination address — A specific QoS profile can be associated with an IP destination address, or range of IP destination addresses specified using a subnet mask. The QoS parameters are dynamically associated with a route when the route table is built.
BUILDING BLOCKS • PACE — When 3Com PACE traffic is seen, it is mapped to the profile named qp3. Observance of PACE can be controlled by using the following command: {enable | disable} pace • Source port — You can configure a QoS profile to all the traffic being received from a particular port.
QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) Egress mode • IP destination address • Destination MAC address • VLAN PRIORITIZATION Prioritization is used when there is bandwidth contention for transmission on a port. The four levels of priority are used as a mechanism for resolving the contention between traffic groups. If traffic groups have the same priority, a “round-robin” algorithm is applied. CREATING AND CONFIGURING A QOS PROFILE Up to 28 custom QoS profiles can be created on the BlackDiamond in egress mode.
PORT QUEUE MONITOR ASSIGNING A QOS PROFILE Once you have established one or more traffic classifications and configured one or more QoS profiles, you can match them together using one of the following commands: config vlan qosprofile or config port qosprofile You can assign a QoS profile to a MAC entry by using the following command: create fdbentry vlan [blackhole | | dynamic] {qosprofile } You can assign a QoS
QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) Table 7-3 describes the PQM commands. Table 7-3: PQM Commands Command Description enable qosmonitor {port } Enables the QoS monitoring capability. When no port is specified, the QoS monitor automatically samples all the ports and records the sampled results. Error messages are logged to the syslog if the traffic exceeds the parameters of the QoS profile(s). The default setting is disabled. disable qosmonitor Disables the QoS monitoring capability.
CONFIGURING QOS Table 7-4: QoS Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config qosprofile {minbw } {maxbw } {priority } Configures a QoS profile. Specify: ■ minbw — The minimum bandwidth percentage guaranteed to be available to this queue. The default setting is 0. ■ maxbw — The maximum bandwidth percentage this queue is permitted to use. The default setting is 100. ■ priority — The service priority for this queue.
QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS) SAMPLE EGRESS MODE QOS CONFIGURATION This egress mode example does the following: • Configures the QoS mode of the switch. • Creates a QoS profile mktgqos, with the following characteristics: — minimum bandwidth = 0% — maximum bandwidth = 10% — priority = low • Applies the QoS profile mktgqos to a range of IP addresses.
RESETTING QOS Additionally, QoS information can be displayed from the traffic group perspective by using one of the following commands: • show fdb permanent Shows destination MAC entries and their QoS profiles. • show switch Includes PACE enable/disable information. • show vlan Shows the QoS profile assignments to the VLAN. • show ipqos Displays the IP QoS table. RESETTING QOS To delete a QoS profile use the following command: delete qosprofile This command is available only in egress mode.
QUALITY 7-12 OF SERVICE (QOS) BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
8 IP Unicast Routing This chapter describes how to configure IP routing on the BlackDiamond. It assumes that you are already familiar with IP unicast routing. If not, refer to the following publications for additional information: RFC 1256 — ICMP Router Discovery Messages RFC 1812 — Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers For more information on routing protocols, refer to Chapter 9. OVERVIEW OF IP UNICAST ROUTING The BlackDiamond provides full Layer 3, IP unicast routing.
IP UNICAST ROUTING ROUTER INTERFACES The routing software and hardware routes IP traffic between router interfaces. A router interface is simply a VLAN that has an IP address assigned to it. As you create VLANs with IP addresses belonging to different IP subnets, you can also choose to route between the VLANs. Both the VLAN switching and IP routing function occur within the BlackDiamond. Each IP address and mask assigned to a VLAN must represent a unique IP subnet.
OVERVIEW POPULATING THE OF IP UNICAST ROUTING ROUTING TABLE The BlackDiamond maintains an IP routing table for both network routes and host routes.
IP UNICAST ROUTING A static route must be associated with a valid IP subnet. An IP subnet is associated with a single VLAN by its IP address and subnet mask. If the VLAN is subsequently deleted, the static route entries using that subnet must be deleted manually. MULTIPLE ROUTES When there are multiple, conflicting choices of a route to a particular destination, the router picks the route with the longest matching network mask.
OVERVIEW OF IP UNICAST ROUTING Once configured, the system responds to ARP Requests on behalf of the device as long as the following conditions are satisfied: • The valid IP ARP Request is received on a BlackDiamond router interface. • The target IP address matches the IP address configured in the proxy ARP table. • The proxy ARP table entry indicates that the system should always answer this ARP Request (the always parameter must be applied).
IP UNICAST ROUTING The following rules apply when you are configuring IP multinetting: • A maximum of one IP address is associated with a router interface (or VLAN). • Multiple VLANs must be used to implement IP multinetting. • A maximum of four subnets are allowed on one multinetted port. • For multinetted segments that span multiple ports, you must configure all the multinetted VLANs with the same port assignment.
OVERVIEW OF IP UNICAST ROUTING 8 Assign the subnet to a physical port. config net21 add port 1:2 config net22 add port 1:2 9 Enable IP forwarding on the subnets. enable ipforwarding 10 Enable IP multinetting. enable multinetting 11 If you are using RIP, disable RIP on the dummy VLANs. config rip delete net22 IP MULTINETTING EXAMPLES The following example configures the switch to have one multinetted segment (slot 5, port 5) that contains three subnets (192.67.34.0, 192.67.35.0, and 192.67.37.0).
IP UNICAST ROUTING The following example configures the switch to have one multinetted segment (slot 5: port 5) that contains three subnets (192.67.34.0, 192.67.35.0, and 192.67.37.0). It also configures a second multinetted segment consisting of two subnets (192.67.36.0 and 192.99.45.0). The second multinetted segment spans three ports (slot1:port 8, slot2:port 9, and slot3:port 10). RIP is enabled on both multinetted segments.
CONFIGURING IP UNICAST ROUTING CONFIGURING IP UNICAST ROUTING This section describes the commands associated with configuring IP unicast routing on the BlackDiamond. Configuring routing involves the following steps: 1 Create and configure two or more VLANs. Although it is possible to enable IP forwarding and an IP routing protocol (such as RIP) with only one VLAN defined, the BlackDiamond does not create or respond appropriately to ICMP messages unless at least two VLANs are created and configured.
IP UNICAST ROUTING Additional verification commands include the following: • show iparp Displays the IP ARP table of the system. • show ipfdb Displays the hosts that have been transmitting or receiving packets, and the port and VLAN for each host. • show ipconfig Displays configuration information for one or more VLANs.
USING EXTREME STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL USING EXTREME STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL The Extreme Standby Router Protocol (ESRP) provides a way to keep hosts communicating when a physical router becomes unavailable. ESRP works by allowing you to configure a virtual router on two or more BlackDiamond systems (and Summit switches) that are part of the same network segment. Connected hosts are then configured using the IP address of the virtual router as the default gateway.
IP UNICAST ROUTING Table 8-1: ESRP Commands (continued) Command Description config vlan esrp timer Configures the virtual router hello timer. The range is 1 to 255 seconds. A longer hello timer interval causes the routers to take longer to converge. disable esrp vlan Disables ESRP on a VLAN. The following example creates a VLAN named esrp1. create config config config config enable vlan vlan vlan vlan vlan esrp esrp1 esrp1 add port 2:1-2:4 esrp1 ipaddress 10.1.2.
IP COMMANDS Table 8-2: Basic IP Commands (continued) Command Description enable ipforwarding broadcast {vlan | all} Enables forwarding IP broadcast traffic for one or more VLANs. If no argument is provided, enables broadcast forwarding for all VLANs. To enable, ipforwarding must be enabled on the VLAN. The default setting is enabled. enable multinetting Enables IP multinetting on the system. config bootprelay add Adds the IP destination address to forward BOOTP packets.
IP UNICAST ROUTING Table 8-2: Basic IP Commands (continued) Command Description clear ipfdb [ | vlan | all] Removes the dynamic entries in the IP forwarding database. enable esrp port Enables ESRP on a port. config port esrp group Assigns a port to an ESRP group. The valid group numbers are from 1 to 32. config port esrp priority Configures the virtual router priority. The range is 1to 32.
IP COMMANDS Table 8-3: Route Table Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config iproute add default {} Adds a default gateway to the routing table. A default gateway must be located on a configured IP interface. If no metric is specified, the default metric of 1 is used. config iproute delete default Deletes a default gateway from the routing table. disable iproute sharing Disables load sharing for multiple routes.
IP UNICAST ROUTING Table 8-4: ICMP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config irdp Configures the router advertisement message timers, using seconds. Specify: ■ mininterval — The minimum amount of time between router advertisements. The default setting is 450 seconds. ■ maxinterval — The maximum time between router advertisements. The default setting is 600 seconds. ■ lifetime — The default setting is 1,800 seconds.
ROUTING CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE • Personnel — Protocol-sensitive VLAN using the IP protocol — All ports on slots 2 and 4 have been assigned — IP address 192.207.36.1 • MyCompany — Port-based VLAN — All ports on slots 1 through 4 have been assigned 1 2 3 4 A 192.207.35.1 B 5 6 7 8 192.207.36.1 MyCompany 192.207.35.0 Finance 1 2 192.207.36.
IP UNICAST ROUTING In this configuration, all IP traffic from stations connected to slots 1 and 3 have access to the router by way of the VLAN Finance. Ports on slots 2 and 4 reach the router by way of the VLAN Personnel. All other traffic (NetBIOS) is part of the VLAN MyCompany.
DISPLAYING ROUTER SETTINGS Table 8-5: Router Show Commands (continued) Command Description show ipconfig {vlan | all} Displays configuration information for one or more VLANs, including the following: ■ IP address, subnet mask ■ IP forwarding information ■ BOOTP configuration ■ VLAN name, VLANid ■ Global ICMP configuration ■ Global IGMP configuration ■ Global router advertisement configuration show ipqos { | all} Displays the IP QoS table.
IP UNICAST ROUTING RESETTING AND DISABLING ROUTER SETTINGS To return router settings to their defaults and disable routing functions, use the commands listed in Table 8-6. Table 8-6: Router Reset and Disable Commands Command Description clear iparp [ | vlan | all] Removes dynamic entries in the IP ARP table. Permanent IP ARP entries are not affected. clear ipfdb [ | vlan | all] Removes the dynamic entries in the IP forwarding database.
9 Routing Protocols This chapter describes the IP unicast routing protocols available on the BlackDiamond. It assumes that you are already familiar with IP unicast routing.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS RIP VERSUS OSPF The distinction between RIP and OSPF lies in the fundamental differences between distance-vector protocols and link-state protocols. Using a distance-vector protocol, each router creates a unique routing table from summarized information obtained from neighboring routers. Using a link-state protocol, every router maintains an identical routing table created from information obtained from all routers in the autonomous system.
OVERVIEW OVERVIEW OF OF RIP RIP RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) first used in computer routing in the ARPAnet as early as 1969. It is primarily intended for use in homogeneous networks of moderate size. To determine the best path to a distant network, a router using RIP always selects the path that has the least number of hops. Each router that data must traverse is considered to be one hop.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS TRIGGERED UPDATES Triggered updates occur whenever a router changes the metric for a route, and it is required to send an update message immediately, even if it is not yet time for a regular update message to be sent. This will generally result in faster convergence, but may also result in more RIP-related traffic.
OVERVIEW OVERVIEW OF OF OSPF OSPF OSPF is a link-state protocol that distributes routing information between routers belonging to a single IP domain, also known as an autonomous system. In a link-state routing protocol, each router maintains a database describing the topology of the autonomous system. Each participating router has an identical database maintained from the perspective of that router.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS The three types of routers defined by OSPF are as follows: • Internal Router (IR) An internal router has all of its interfaces within the same area. • Area Border Router (ABR) An ABR has interfaces in multiple areas. It is responsible for exchanging summary advertisements with other ABRs. • Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) An ASBR acts as a gateway between OSPF and other routing protocols, or other autonomous systems.
OVERVIEW OF OSPF ABR 1 2 3 4 A B 5 6 7 8 G4X G4X G6X G6X MSM MSM F32T F32T F32T G4X Area 0 Stub Area BD_012 Figure 9-1: Stub area VIRTUAL LINKS In the situation when a new area is introduced that does have a direct physical attachment to the backbone, a virtual link is used. A virtual link provides a logical path between the ABR of the disconnected area and the ABR of the backbone.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS Virtual link ABR Area 2 ABR Area 1 Area 0 BD_013 Figure 9-2: Virtual link for stub area Virtual links are also used to repair a discontiguous backbone area. For example, in Figure 9-3, if the connection between ABR1 and the backbone fails, the connection using ABR2 provides redundancy so that the discontiguous area can continue to communicate with the backbone using the virtual link.
UNICAST ROUTE DISTRIBUTION UNICAST ROUTE DISTRIBUTION Both RIP and OSPF can be enabled simultaneously on the BlackDiamond system. If you enable both protocols, you have the option of propagating routes learned by one protocol to the other protocol. This is known as route distribution.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS Table 9-1: RIP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description enable rip export static Enables the advertisement of static routes using RIP. The default setting is enabled. enable rip export ospf {} Enables the distribution of OSPF routes into the RIP domain. The default setting is disabled. enable rip poisonreverse Enables the split horizon with poison-reverse algorithm for RIP. The default setting is enabled.
RIP CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE Table 9-1: RIP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config rip txmode [none | v1only | v1comp | v2only] {vlan | all} Changes the RIP transmission mode for one or more VLANs. Specify: ■ none — Do not transmit any packets on this interface. ■ v1only — Transmit RIP v1 format packets to the broadcast address. ■ v1comp — Transmit RIP v2 format packets to the broadcast address.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS 1 2 3 4 A 192.207.35.1 B 5 6 7 8 192.207.36.1 MyCompany 192.207.35.0 Finance 1 2 192.207.36.0 Personnel 3 4 IP NetBIOS IP NetBIOS IP NetBIOS IP NetBIOS = IP traffic = NetBIOS traffic BD_011 Figure 9-4: RIP configuration example The stations connected to the system generate a combination of IP traffic and NetBIOS traffic. The IP traffic is filtered by the protocol-sensitive VLANs. All other traffic is directed to the VLAN MyCompany.
DISPLAYING RIP SETTINGS The example in Figure 9-4 is configured as follows: create vlan Finance create vlan Personnel create vlan MyCompany config Finance protocol ip config Personnel protocol ip config Finance add port 1:*,3:* config Personnel add port 2:*,4:* config MyCompany add port all config Finance ipaddress 192.207.35.1 config Personnel ipaddress 192.207.36.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS RESETTING AND DISABLING RIP To return RIP settings to their defaults, or to disable RIP, use the commands listed in Table 9-3. Table 9-3: RIP Reset and Disable Commands Command Description config rip delete [vlan | all] Disables RIP on an IP interface. When RIP is disabled on the interface, the parameters are not reset to their defaults. disable rip Disables RIP. disable rip aggregation Disables the RIP aggregation of subnet information on a RIP v2 interface.
CONFIGURING OSPF Table 9-4: OSPF Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description enable ospf export rip type [1 | 2] {} Allows OSPF to export RIP routes using LSAs to other OSPF routers. The default setting is disabled. config ospf [vlan | area | virtual-link ] authentication [simple-password | md5 | none] Specifies the authentication password (up to 8 characters) or MD5 key for one or all interfaces in an area.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS Table 9-4: OSPF Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config ospf area delete range Deletes a range of IP addresses in an OSPF area. config ospf routerid [automatic | ] Configures the OSPF router ID. If automatic is specified, the switch uses the largest IP interface address as the OSPF router ID. The default setting is automatic.
OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE Figure 9-5 shows an example of an autonomous system using OSPF routers. The details of this network follow. Area 0 IR 2 10.0.1.1 IR 1 10.0.1.2 10.0.3.2 _3 HQ _0 _1 0_ 0 _1 Headquarters 0_ HQ 2 10.0.2.2 ABR 2 10.0.3.1 ABR 1 10.0.2.1 161.48.2.2 LA 6_ _2 60 Ch i_1 2 8_ _4 Virtual link 161.48.2.1 61 26 160.26.26.1 _1 160.26.25.1 Los Angeles 160.26.26.2 160.26.25.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS Area 0 is the backbone area. It is located at the headquarters and has the following characteristics: • 2 internal routers (IR1 and IR2) • 2 area border routers (ABR1 and ABR2) • Network number 10.0.x.x • 2 identified VLANs (HQ_10_0_2 and HQ_10_0_3) Area 5 is connected to the backbone area by way of ABR1 and ABR2. It is located in Chicago and has the following characteristics: • Network number 160.26.x.
OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FOR ABR1 The following is the configuration for the router labeled ABR1: create create create create vlan vlan vlan vlan HQ_10_0_2 HQ_10_0_3 LA_161_48_2 Chi_160_26_2 config config config config vlan vlan vlan vlan HQ_10_0_2 ipaddress 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 HQ_10_0_3 ipaddress 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0 LA_161_48_2 ipaddress 161.48.2.2 255.255.255.0 Chi_160_26_2 ipaddress 160.26.2.1 255.255.255.0 create ospf area 0.0.0.5 create ospf area 0.0.0.
ROUTING PROTOCOLS DISPLAYING OSPF SETTINGS To display settings for OSPF, use the commands listed in Table 9-5. Table 9-5: OSPF Show Commands Command Description show ospf Displays global OSPF information. show ospf area { | all} Displays information about a particular OSPF area, or all OSPF areas. show ospf interfaces {vlan | area | all} Displays information about one or all OSPF interfaces. If no argument is specific, all OSPF interfaces are displayed.
10 IP Multicast Routing This chapter describes the components of IP multicast routing, and how to configure IP multicast routing on the BlackDiamond. For more information on IP multicasting, refer to RFC 1112, RFC 1075, RFC 2236, and other more recent Internet draft documents. OVERVIEW IP multicast routing is a function that allows a single IP host to send a packet to a group of IP hosts.
IP MULTICAST ROUTING DVMRP OVERVIEW DVMRP is a distance vector protocol that is used to exchange routing and multicast information between routers. Like RIP, DVMRP periodically sends the entire routing table to its neighbors. DVMRP has a mechanism that allows it to prune and graft multicast trees to reduce the bandwidth consumed by IP multicast traffic. IGMP OVERVIEW IGMP is a protocol used by an IP host to register its IP multicast group membership with the router.
CONFIGURING IP MULTICASTING ROUTING 3 Enable DVMRP on all IP multicast routing interfaces, using the following command: config dvmrp add {vlan | all} 4 Enable DVMRP on the router, using the following command: enable dvmrp Table 10-1 describes the commands used to configure IP multicast routing. Table 10-1: IP Multicast Routing Configuration Commands Command Description enable dvmrp Enables DVMRP on the system. The default setting is disabled.
IP MULTICAST ROUTING Table 10-1: IP Multicast Routing Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config dvmrp timer Configures the global DVMRP timers. Specify the following: config ipmc cache timeout ■ route_report_interval — The amount of time the system waits between transmitting periodic route report packets. The range is 1 to 4,294,967,296 seconds (136 years). The default setting is 60 seconds.
CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE Table 10-2: IGMP Configuration Commands (continued) Command Description config igmp snooping Configures the IGMP snooping timers. Timers should be set to approximately 2.5 times the router query interval in use on the network. Specify the following: ■ router_timeout — The interval, in seconds, between the last time the router was discovered and the current time. The range is 10 to 4,294,967,296 seconds (136 years).
IP MULTICAST ROUTING Area 0 IR 2 10.0.1.1 IR 1 10.0.1.2 10.0.3.2 ABR 2 10.0.3.1 0_ HQ _1 Headquarters 0_ 3 0_ 0_ _1 HQ 2 10.0.2.2 ABR 1 10.0.2.1 161.48.2.2 LA 6_ Ch i_1 2 60 8_ _2 _4 Virtual link 161.48.2.1 61 26 160.26.26.1 _1 160.26.25.1 Los Angeles 160.26.26.2 160.26.25.
DISPLAYING IP MULTICAST ROUTING SETTINGS CONFIGURATION FOR IR1 The following is the configuration for the router labeled IR1: config config config enable enable enable config enable vlan HQ_10_0_1 ipaddress 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0 vlan HQ_10_0_2 ipaddress 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0 ospf add vlan all ipforwarding ospf ipmcforwarding dvmrp add vlan all dvmrp DISPLAYING IP MULTICAST ROUTING SETTINGS To display settings for IP multicast routing components, use the commands listed in Table 10-3.
IP MULTICAST ROUTING DELETING AND RESETTING IP MULTICAST SETTINGS To return IP multicast routing settings to their defaults and disable IP multicast routing functions, use the commands listed in Table 10-4. Table 10-4: IP Multicast Routing Reset and Disable Commands Command Description disable dvmrp Disables DVMRP on the system. disable ipmcforwarding {vlan | all} Disables IP multicast forwarding. disable igmp {vlan | all} Disables IGMP on a router interface.
11 Status Monitoring and Statistics This chapter describes how to view the current operating status of the BlackDiamond, how to display information in the log, and how to take advantage of available Remote Monitoring (RMON) capabilities. Viewing statistics on a regular basis allows you to see how well your network is performing. If you keep simple daily records, you will see trends emerging and notice problems arising before they cause major network faults.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show config Displays the current configuration to the terminal. You can then capture the output and store it as a file. show diag Displays software diagnostics. show dvmrp {vlan | route | all} Displays the DVMRP configuration and statistics, or the unicast route table. The default setting is all.
STATUS MONITORING Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show ipmc cache { { }} | all} Displays the IP multicast route table.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show management Displays network management configuration and statistics including enable/disable states for Telnet and SNMP, SNMP community strings, authorized SNMP station list, SNMP trap receiver list, and login statistics. show memory Displays the current system memory information. show mirroring Displays the port-mirroring configuration. show ospf Displays global OSPF information.
STATUS MONITORING Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show port {} information Displays detailed system-related information, including the following: ■ Port state ■ Link state ■ Autonegotiation state ■ Link speed ■ Duplex mode ■ Load-sharing information ■ VLAN information ■ QoS information show port {} packet Displays a histogram of packet statistics.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show rip stat {vlan | all} Displays RIP-specific statistics. Statistics include the following per interface: ■ Packets transmitted ■ Packets received ■ Bad packets received ■ Bad routes received ■ Number of RIP peers ■ Peer information show session Displays the currently active Telnet and console sessions communicating with the switch.
STATUS MONITORING Table 11-1: Switch Monitoring Commands (continued) Command Description show switch Displays the current switch information, including: ■ sysName, sysLocation, sysContact ■ MAC address ■ Current time and time, and system uptime ■ Operating environment (temperature, fans, and power supply status) ■ NVRAM image information (primary/secondary image, date, time, size, version) ■ NVRAM configuration information (primary/secondary configuration, date, time, size, version) ■ Numbe
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS SLOT DIAGNOSTICS The BlackDiamond system provides a facility for running normal or extended diagnostics on an I/O module or a Management Switch Fabric Module (MSM) without affecting the operation of the rest of the system. If you select to run the diagnostic routine on an I/O module, that module is taken off-line while the diagnostic test is performed. Traffic to and from the ports on the module are temporarily unavailable.
PORT STATISTICS PORT STATISTICS The BlackDiamond provides a facility for viewing port statistic information. The summary information lists values for the current counter against each port on each operational module in the system, and it is refreshed approximately every 2 seconds. Values are displayed to nine digits of accuracy.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS PORT ERRORS The BlackDiamond keeps track of errors for each port. To view port transmit errors, use the following command: show port txerrors The following port transmit error information is collected by the system: • Link Status — The current status of the link. Options are — Ready — The port is ready to accept a link. — Active — The link is present at this port.
PORT MONITORING DISPLAY KEYS • Receive Alignment Errors (RX Align) — The total number of frames received by the port that occurs if a frame has a CRC error and does not contain an integral number of octets. • Receive Frames Lost (RX Lost) — The total number of frames received by the port that were lost because of buffer overflow in the switch. PORT MONITORING DISPLAY KEYS Table 11-2 describes the keys used to control the displays that appear when you issue any of the show port commands.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS • Fault level — Table 11-3 describes the three levels of importance that the system can assign to a fault. Table 11-3: Fault Levels Assigned by the System Level Description Critical A desired switch function is inoperable. The switch may need to be reset. Warning A noncritical error that may lead to a function failure. Informational Actions and events that are consistent with expected behavior.
LOGGING LOCAL LOGGING The BlackDiamond maintains 1,000 messages in its internal log. You can display a snapshot of the log at any time by using the command show log {} {} where the following is true: • priority — Filters the log to display message with the selected priority or higher (more critical). Priorities include critical, warning, and informational. If not specified, informational priority messages and higher are displayed.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS REMOTE LOGGING In addition to maintaining an internal log, the BlackDiamond supports remote logging by way of the UNIX syslog host facility. To enable remote logging, do the following: • Configure the syslog host to accept and log messages.
LOGGING Table 11-5: Logging Commands Command Description config log display {} {} Configures the real-time log display. Options include: config syslog {} {} ■ priority — Filters the log to display messages with the selected priority or higher (more critical). Priorities include critical, warning, and informational. If not specified, informational priority messages and higher are displayed.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS Table 11-5: Logging Commands (continued) Command Description show log {} {} Displays the current snapshot of the log. Options include: ■ priority — Filters the log to display message with the selected priority or higher (more critical). Priorities include critical, warning, and informational. If not specified, informational priority messages and higher are displayed.
RMON ABOUT RMON RMON is the common abbreviation for the Remote Monitoring Management Information Base (MIB) system defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) documents RFC 1271 and RFC 1757, which allows you to monitor LANs remotely. A typical RMON setup consists of the following two components: • RMON probe — An intelligent, remotely controlled device or software agent that continually collects statistics about a LAN segment or VLAN.
STATUS MONITORING AND STATISTICS The group is useful for analysis of traffic patterns and trends on a LAN segment or VLAN, and to establish baseline information indicating normal operating parameters. ALARMS The Alarms group provides a versatile, general mechanism for setting threshold and sampling intervals to generate events on any RMON variable. Both rising and falling thresholds are supported, and thresholds can be on the absolute value of a variable or its delta value.
RMON EVENT ACTIONS The actions that you can define for each alarm are shown in Table 11-6. Table 11-6: Event Actions Action High Threshold No action Notify only Send trap to all trap receivers. Notify and log Send trap; place entry in RMON log To be notified of events using SNMP traps, you must configure one or more trap receivers, as described in Chapter 2.
STATUS MONITORING 11-20 AND STATISTICS BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
12 Using ExtremeWare Vista ExtremeWare Vista is device-management software running in the BlackDiamond that allows you to access the system over a TCP/IP network, using a standard Web browser. Any properly configured standard Web browser that supports frames and JavaScript (such as Netscape Navigator 3.0 or higher, or Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 or higher) can be used to manage the system.
USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA To use ExtremeWare Vista, at least one VLAN must be assigned an IP address. For more information on assigning an IP address, refer to Chapter 2. SETTING UP YOUR BROWSER In general, the default settings that come configured on your browser work well with ExtremeWare Vista.
ACCESSING EXTREMEWARE VISTA ACCESSING EXTREMEWARE VISTA To access the default home page of the BlackDiamond, enter the following URL in your browser: http:// When you access the home page of the system, you are presented with the Login screen. Enter your user name and password in the appropriate fields, and click OK. If you have entered the name and password of an administrator-level account, you have access to all ExtremeWare Vista pages.
USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA TASK FRAME The task frame has two sections: menu buttons submenu links. There are four task buttons, as follows: • Configuration • Statistics • Support • Logout Below the task buttons are options. Options are specific to the task button that you select. When you select an option, the information displayed in the content frame changes. However, when you select a new task button, the content frame does not change until you select a new option.
SAVING CHANGES Table 12-1: Multi-Select List Box Key Definitions (continued) Selection Type Key Sequence Contiguous items Click the first desired item, and drag to the last desired item. Selected non-contiguous items Hold down [Control], click the first desired item, click the next desired item, and so on. STATUS MESSAGES Status messages are displayed at the top of the content frame.
USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA • Click the Logout button. If you attempt to log out without saving your changes, ExtremeWare Vista prompts you to save your changes. If you select Yes, the changes are saved to the selected configuration area. To change the selected configuration area, you must go to the Configuration task button, Switch option. FILTERING INFORMATION Some pages have a Filter button. The Filter button is used to display a subset of information on a given page.
SENDING SCREEN OUTPUT TO EXTREME NETWORKS If you configure a VLAN and then delete it, the default VLAN is shown in the VLAN name window, but the VLAN information contained in the lower portion of the page is not updated. Click on the get button to update the display. SENDING SCREEN OUTPUT TO EXTREME NETWORKS If Extreme Networks requests that you e-mail the output of a particular ExtremeWare Vista screen, do the following: 1 Click on the content frame of the screen that you must send.
USING EXTREMEWARE VISTA 12-8 BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
13 Software Upgrade and Boot Options This chapter describes the procedure for upgrading the system software image. This chapter also discusses how to save and load a primary and secondary image and configuration file on the BlackDiamond. DOWNLOADING A NEW IMAGE The image file contains the executable code that runs on the BlackDiamond. It comes preinstalled from the factory. As new versions of the image are released, you should upgrade the software running on your system.
SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND BOOT OPTIONS • Download the new image to the BlackDiamond using the command download image [xmodem | ] {primary | secondary} where the following is true: xmodem — Indicates that you will be using XMODEM over the serial port. ipaddress — Is the IP address of the TFTP server. filename — Is the filename of the new image. primary — Indicates the primary image. secondary — Indicates the secondary image.
SAVING CONFIGURATION CHANGES SAVING CONFIGURATION CHANGES The configuration is the customized set of parameters that you have selected to run on the BlackDiamond. As you make configuration changes, the new settings are stored in run-time memory. Settings that are stored in run-time memory are not retained by the switch when the switch is rebooted. To retain the settings, and have them be loaded when you reboot the switch, you must save the configuration to NVRAM.
SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND BOOT OPTIONS USING TFTP TO UPLOAD THE CONFIGURATION You can upload the current configuration to a TFTP server on your network. The uploaded ASCII file retains the command-line interface format. This allows you to do the following: • Modify the configuration using a text editor, and later download a copy of the file to the same system, or to one or more different systems. • Send a copy of the configuration file to Extreme Networks Technical Support for problem-solving purposes.
USING TFTP USING TFTP TO DOWNLOAD THE TO DOWNLOAD THE CONFIGURATION CONFIGURATION You can download a previously saved configuration from a TFTP server. To download a configuration, use the following command: download config After the ASCII configuration file is downloaded by way of TFTP, you are prompted to reboot the system. The downloaded configuration file is stored in an area of system memory, and is not retained if the BlackDiamond has a power failure.
SOFTWARE UPGRADE AND BOOT OPTIONS Table 13-1: Boot Option Commands (continued) Command Description copy configuration from [msm-a | msm-b] to [msm-a | msm-b] Copies the primary and secondary configuration stored in the onboard FLASH memory from one MSM to another MSM. To copy the runtime configuration, use the save configuration command. reboot {
A Supported Standards The following is a list of software standards supported on the BlackDiamond system. SNMP Terminal Emulation SNMP protocol (RFC 1157) Telnet (RFC 854) MIB-II (RFC 1213) HTTP 1.0 Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) Protocols Used for Administration Interfaces MIB (RFC 1573) RMON MIB (RFC 1757) 802.
SUPPORTED STANDARDS A-8 BLACKDIAMOND USER GUIDE
B Troubleshooting If you encounter problems when using the BlackDiamond, this appendix may be helpful. If you have a problem not listed here or in the “Release Notes”, contact your local technical support representative. LEDS Power LED does not light: Check that the power cable is firmly connected to the device and to the supply outlet. On powering-up, the MGMT LED lights yellow: The device has failed its Power On Self Test (POST) and you should contact your supplier for advice.
TROUBLESHOOTING • Both ends of the Gigabit link are set to the same autonegotiation state. Both sides if the Gigabit link must be enabled or disabled. It the two are different, typically the side with autonegotiation disabled will have the link LED list, and the side with autonegotiation enabled will not list. The default configuration for a Gigabit port is autonegotiation enabled.
USING THE COMMAND-LINE INTERFACE The SNMP Network Manager cannot access the device: Check that the device IP address, subnet mask, and default router are correctly configured, and that the device has been reset. Check that the device IP address is correctly recorded by the SNMP Network Manager (refer to the user documentation for the Network Manager). Check that the community strings configured for the system and Network Manager are the same. Check that SNMP access was not disabled for the system.
TROUBLESHOOTING Check that the community strings configured for the device and the Network Manager are the same. Check that SNMP access was not disabled for the system. Permanent entries remain in the FDB: If you have made a permanent entry in the FDB (which requires you to specify the VLAN to which it belongs and then delete the VLAN), the FDB entry will remain. Though causing no harm, you must manually delete the entry from the FDB if you want to remove it.
USING THE COMMAND-LINE INTERFACE VLAN configuration can be verified by using the following command: show vlan The solution for this error is to remove ports 1 and 2 from the VLAN currently using untagged traffic on those ports.
TROUBLESHOOTING VLANs, IP Addresses and default routes: The system can have an IP address for each configured VLAN. It is only necessary to have an IP address associated with a VLAN if you intend to manage (Telnet, SNMP, ping) through that VLAN. You can also configure multiple default routes for the system. The system first tries the default route with the lowest cost metric.
Index A access levels 2-8 accounts, creating 2-10 admin account 2-9 aging entries 5-1 alarm actions 11-19 Alarms, RMON 11-18 area 0, OSPF 9-6 areas, OSPF 9-5 autonegotiation 3-4 B backbone area, OSPF 9-6 BlackDiamond boot option commands (table) 13-5 components 1-1 configuration example 1-6 factory defaults 1-8 features 1-3 home page 2-17, 12-3 image upgrade 13-1 logging 11-11 monitoring 11-1 rebooting 13-2 resetting to factory defaults 13-3 RMON features 11-17 saving configuration changes 13-3 slot confi
disabling route advertising (RIP) 9-4 disabling Telnet 2-16 disconnecting a Telnet session 2-15 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol.
resetting 10-8 settings, displaying 10-7 show commands (table) 10-7 IP multinetting description 8-5 example 8-7 IP unicast routing BOOTP relay 8-10 configuration examples 8-16 configuring 8-9 default gateway 8-1 description 1-6 DHCP relay 8-10 disabling 8-20 enabling 8-9 multinetting, description 8-5 multinetting, example 8-7 proxy ARP 8-4 reset and disable commands (table) 8-20 resetting 8-20 router interfaces 8-2 router show commands (table) 8-18 routing table configuration commands (table) 8-14 dynamic r
poison reverse 9-3 port autonegotiation 3-4 commands (table) 3-5 configuring 3-1 enabling and disabling 3-3 errors,viewing 11-10 master port 3-8 monitoring display keys 11-11 priority, STP 6-6 receive errors 11-10 statistics, viewing 11-9 STP state, displaying 6-9 STPD membership 6-2 transmit errors 11-10 Port Queue Monitor.
configuring 2-19 reset and disable commands (table) 2-22 settings, displaying 2-21 supported MIBs 2-19 trap receivers 2-19 using 2-18 Spanning Tree Protocol.
VI - INDEX
Index of Commands C clear counters 11-16 clear fdb 5-6 clear igmp snooping 10-8 clear iparp 2-16, 8-13, 8-20 clear ipfdb 8-14, 8-20 clear ipmc cache 10-8 clear log 11-16 clear session 2-7, 2-16 clear slot 3-2 clear slot module 3-5 config account 2-6 config banner 2-6 config bootprelay add 8-13 config bootprelay delete 8-13 config dot1q ethertype 4-15 config dvmrp add 10-3 config dvmrp delete 10-3 config dvmrp timer 10-4 config dvmrp vlan 10-3 config fdb agingtime 5-4 config gvrp 4-11 config igmp query_inte
config qosmode 7-8 config qosprofile 7-9 config rip add 9-10 config rip delete 9-10, 9-14 config rip garbagetime 9-10 config rip routetimeout 9-10 config rip rxmode 9-10 config rip txmode 9-11 config rip updatetime 9-11 config slot 3-2 config slot module 2-6, 3-5 config snmp add 2-20 config snmp add trapreceiver 2-20 config snmp delete 2-20 config snmp delete trapreceiver 2-20 config snmp syscontact 2-21 config snmp syslocation 2-21 config snmp sysname 2-21 config stpd add vlan 6-6 config stpd forwarddelay
E P enable bootp 2-7, 8-12 enable bootprelay 8-12 enable dvmrp 10-3 enable esrp port 8-14 enable esrp vlan 8-11 enable gvrp 4-11 enable icmp redirects 8-15 enable icmp unreachables 8-15 enable icmp useredirects 8-15 enable idletimeout 2-7 enable igmp 10-4 enable ignore-stp 4-15 enable ipforwarding 8-12 enable ipforwarding broadcast 8-13 enable ipmcforwarding 10-3 enable iproute sharing 8-14 enable irdp 8-15 enable learning port 3-5, 5-4 enable log display 11-15 enable mirroring 3-10 enable multinetting 8-
show qosprofile 7-10, 11-5 show rip 9-13, 11-5 show rip stat 9-13, 11-6 show session 2-15, 11-6 show slot 3-2, 3-7, 11-6 show stpd 6-8, 11-6 show stpd port 6-9, 11-6 show switch 11-7 show version 11-7 show vlan 4-18, 11-7 T telnet 2-12 traceroute 2-23 U unconfig dvmrp 10-8 unconfig icmp 8-16, 8-20 unconfig igmp 10-8 unconfig irdp 8-16, 8-20 unconfig management 2-22 unconfig rip 9-14 unconfig stpd 6-9 unconfig switch 2-7 unconfig vlan ipaddress 4-20 upload config 13-6 use config 13-6 use image 13-6 IV -
