EX7100 Technical Manual – VHF Fan Assembly VHF EX7100 Fan Box (Type 8057) 1.0 General A Fan Box has been designed to assist with the cooling of the PA Heatsink casting for the VHF EX7100 product range. The Fan Box consists of a metal enclosure with two (2) fan assemblies that fits over (and is bolted to) the existing PA Heatsink. DC Supply for the fans is provided by the existing DC input socket on the rear of the EX7100 Terminal. Note: Exicom recommends fan replacement every 5 years.
EX7100 Technical Manual – VHF Fan Assembly 3) Refer to Figure 1 below and remove the 2x M6 socket cap screws and washers from the Fan Box Assembly using the Short arm Hex wrench. The removed screws and washers should be put to one side for future replacement.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Mandatory Regulations Mandatory Regulations The following information outlines the mandatory regulations governing the installation and operation of the Exicom EX7100 digital radio link. Adherence to this information is necessary to ensure regulatory compliance. 1.0 General Requirements This equipment shall be configured only with those assemblies as specified in the Technical Manual and shall only be mounted as instructed. 1.0.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Mandatory Regulations 1.0.5 Telecom Safety Earth The wire used for safety earthing should be a minimum of 4mm2 and should preferably be directly connected to an earthing stake driven into the ground Refer to Section 2.8 of the Technical Manual for specific instructions 2.0 Country-specific Regulations The following sections detail any regulations that may be required by specific countries and/or territories. 2.0.
EX7100 TECHNICAL MANUAL
©1999 Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited All rights reserved. This publication is copyright. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (electrical, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of Exicom Technologies (1996) Ltd, Private Bag 50912, Porirua, New Zealand. Confidentiality This document contains confidential information which belongs to Exicom Technologies (1996) Limited.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Contents Page List of Figures ix 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page G.703 2.7.2 Exchange Terminal Connections 2.7.3 Subscriber Terminal Connections 2.8 Earthing the Terminal 2.9 Other Rear Panel Connections 2.9.1 Control 2.9.2 LMS 2.9.3 I/O External Site Alarms 2.9.4 RF 2.10 Powering Up the Terminal 2.10.1 General 2.10.2 Procedure 2.11 Final Antenna Alignment 2.11.1 General 2.11.2 Alignment Sequence 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-11 2-11 2-11 2-12 2-12 2-12 3 Configuring the Terminal 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page 3.4.4 Receive Audio Line Level Automatic Fax/Data Detection Subscriber Terminal Parameters Ringer Frequency Line Termination Impedance Payphone Metering Frequency Transmit Audio Line Level Receive Audio Line Level Telephone Loop Current Automatic Fax/Data Detection 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-18 3-18 3-19 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-21 4 Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page 4.7 Networking EX7100 Terminals 4.7.1 General 4.7.2 Interconnection of Local Terminals 4.7.3 Accessing Bussed Terminals 4-18 4-18 4-19 4-19 5 Troubleshooting the EX7100 5.1 5.2 General Configuration Issues 5-1 5-1 6 EX7100 Top and Bottom Cover Removal 6.1 Procedure 6-1 7 Module Descriptions 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page 7.4.4 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.6.4 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.8.3 7.8.4 7.9 7.9.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page VHF Mounting Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Checking RF Connectors 7.9.3 Alignment VHF Module Re-tuning 7.9.4 VHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure 7.10 UHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8045 7.10.1 General UHF Connections UHF Mounting 7.10.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Checking RF Connectors 7.10.3 Alignment BRBP Filter Adjustment (HPF) BPBR Filter Adjustment (LPF) Duplex Filter Adjustment 7.10.4 Duplex Tuning/Performance checks 7.10.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Contents Page 7.13.4 Line Interface Replacement Procedure 7.14 Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 7.14.1 General 7.14.2 Description 7.14.3 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Accessing the Isolated Power Supply Module Diagnosis 7-68 7-69 7-69 7-69 7-69 7-70 7-70 8 EX7100 Repeater Configuration 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 General Installation Terminal Interconnections G.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - List of Figures List of Figures Page 1-9 1.1 Typical BER curve 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Antenna Polarisation Antenna Direction UHF Duplexer Connections External Alarms EX7100 Front Panel Display - Initialisation Test EX7100 Front Panel Display - Idle State EX7100 Front Panel Display - Order Specified Terminal Descriptor Antenna Alignment 2-2 2-3 2-6 2-10 2-11 2-11 2-11 2-12 3.1 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - List of Figures Page 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 General The EX7100 is a unique digital radio primarily designed to meet the requirements of customers who require thin route communications, especially in remote and rural locations, but also in urban areas where digital linking is required. It is an ideal solution where copper wires are too expensive or difficult to install. The EX7100 is a 64kbit/s digital radio that operates within a 25kHz RF channel.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.2.2 Six low bit rate voice/fax/data channels With the addition of an internal multiplexer/line interface card the EX7100 provides six, low bit rate, voice/fax/data channels. This option is designed to replicate six individual standard wireline telephone circuits and caters for both 2-wire and 4-wire + E&M (with additional card) telephone operation.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.3 About this Manual This Manual contains all the information necessary to enable installation and configuration of an EX7100 as well as module and fault diagnosis information. 1.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.5 1.5.1 EX7100 Specifications System Parameters Frequency Bands (MHz) RF Frequency Stability Available Digital Bandwidth Channel Data Rate 138-174, 403-520 ± 1.5 ppm 64 kbit/s 68 kbit/s RF Bandwidth Digital Interface 25kHz Duplexer VHF: Internal Notch Type G.703 or V.35 synchronous (V.24 optional) UHF: External Notch Type + Band Pass Frequency Selection Channel Selection Synthesiser in 5.0 or 6.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1 Power Supply 10.8 - 30 VDC and 30 - 60 VDC, positive or negative earth for 12/24/48 VDC power systems Power Consumption Standby, 64 kbit/s configuration Standby, 6 Ch. configuration Tx 10 Watt, 64 kbit/s configuration Typical Tx 10 Watt, 6 Ch. Configuration2 Typical 35 W 40 W 110 W 125 W Tx 2 Watt (UHF), 64 kbit/s configuration Typical 60 W Tx 2 Watt (UHF), 6 Ch. configuration2 Typical 75 W 1.5.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.5.4 Data Channel Data Interfaces Data Rate Connections 1.5.5 G.703 - 75 Ω G.703 - 120 Ω Sync. Data CCITT G.703 and synchronous data (V.11 or V.24). 64 kbit/s BNC Connectors DB15 Connector DB15 Connector to standard V.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.6 System Planning Digital Radio link planning is a complex procedure requiring a study of each site and the path between each site. Exicom Technologies is able to assist in system planning if this is required. Specialist software packages are used by Radio System Engineers to determine path losses and sources of interfering signals that may affect the reliability of the radio link.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Introduction 1.00E-02 VHF/UHF EX7100 at 'nom inal' operating tem p range VHF/UHF EX7100 at 'extrem e' operating tem p range 1.00E-03 1.00E-04 BER -10 to +45 C -30 to +60 C 1.00E-05 1.00E-06 1.00E-07 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 Receive level (dBm ) Figure 1.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2 Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.1 General WARNING THIS EQUIPMENT MUST ONLY BE MAINTAINED BY SERVICE PERSONNEL INSTALLED AND Although EX7100 Radio Link terminals can be installed in any order, the following sequence should be followed to ensure that minimum time is spent on installation. > Install Exchange antenna (Section 2.3), > Mount the Exchange terminal (Sections 2.4 and 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.3 Mounting the Antenna The antenna should be mounted high enough so that it is in "line-of-sight" with the antenna at the other radio site (antenna height may have been determined during system planning). The antenna should be placed at least 10 metres (VHF) or 3.5 metres (UHF) from any metallic or conductive objects to avoid possible impaired operation of the EX7100 link and fastened securely to protect against the effects of strong winds.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.3.2 Antenna Direction The site plan should include details of antenna direction. If it doesn't, use the following information as a guide: Refer to a map with the antenna sites marked. The antennas must point towards each other in a straight line for the link to operate effectively. Take a compass bearing of each antenna as shown in Figure 2.2. This is the direction the antenna should point towards when mounted. Figure 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.4 Positioning the EX7100 Terminal Before deciding on the position of the terminal, consider the following: > The antenna coaxial cable should be as short as practical to minimise transmission losses, > The EX7100 requires good ventilation to allow generated heat to escape.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.5 Mounting the Terminal in the Rack The EX7100 is compatible with the industry standard 19" rack system and occupies 3U1 (VHF) or 4U (UHF) of vertical space. > Attach the handles to the EX7100 front panel using the handle kit supplied. > Attach the front panel to the radio terminal using the six screws supplied. > Mount the terminal to the rack using the four front panel mounting points.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment If the terminal’s transmitter frequency is higher than it’s receiver frequency, the RF output connector should be connected to the high-pass side of the duplexer. If the terminal’s transmitter frequency is lower than it’s receiver frequency, the RF output connector should be connected to the low-pass side of the duplexer. Figure 2.3 below shows the RF connections for a UHF duplexer.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment The arrester must have a direct earth connection and must be mounted at either the base of the antenna mast or where the coax cable enters the building. For further detail on mounting the antenna, refer to the documentation that accompanies it. Note: Ensure that any coaxial connectors exposed to the weather are adequately protected with suitable weatherproof tape that completely seals the connector from moisture.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment Connect the power supply cable to the 3-way connector marked ‘- GND +’. The DC input lines on this connector are floating and have no power connection to the chassis ground (neither the positive nor the negative terminal is connected to the EX7100 chassis). This enables the EX7100 to be powered from either a positive or negative ground supply.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment The Exchange Terminal may be supplied with a 3 or 10 metre cable that can be plugged directly into this connector. The other end of this cable should be terminated into the PSTN’s MDF. Contact your Exicom International Supplier for details. Note: The EX7100 automatically detects the presence of an Exchange interface card. The terminal is configured for 2-wire or 4-wire+E&M, in software via the front panel keypad. Refer to Section 3.4.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.9.1 Control A DB9 connector provides access to the internal RS-485 bus for future expansion of the EX7100, and for back-to-back repeater connection. This connector will allow system control of externally mounted interface cards that are yet to be developed. The Control bus is not user accessible. 2.9.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 2.10 Powering up the Terminal 2.10.1 General Before powering up, ensure that all cables are connected correctly and that there is DC power to the EX7100 terminal. Pay particular attention to the RF cable assembly, ensuring all connections are tight. The EX7100 on/off switch is located on the rear panel. Note: This switch has an interlocking feature that prohibits accidental switch off.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment It is now recommended that you proceed to Section 3 ‘Configuring the Terminal’, to ensure that the EX7100 terminal has been configured for your specific application. 2.11 Final Antenna Alignment 2.11.1 General This part of the installation requires two people, or one person with an analogue voltmeter plugged into the terminals front panel monitoring point.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Installation of Antenna and Equipment 3) 4) 5) The local terminal’s transmitter will turn off (Tx LED will go off), allowing the user to adjust the antenna safely. The remote Tx will remain on for up to 60 minutes. RSSI is now displayed on the screen as well as on the voltmeter inputs on the front panel. While one person watches the RSSI level, the other should move the antenna direction slightly until the RSSI level is at its highest. This is the optimum antenna alignment.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 3 Configuring the Terminal 3.1 General In many cases, the terminal will have been configured in the factory, however it is recommended that certain operating parameters be checked and corrected as required before attempting to set-up a link. The EX7100 is equipped with a powerful configuration, monitoring, and diagnostic, system that may be accessed using the six-button keypad and LCD on the front panel.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal > Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes. Note: The user menu is not a continuous loop. Once the cursor reaches the bottom of the menu, you must use the up arrow to step back up to the top. Similarly, once the cursor reaches the top of the menu you must use the down arrow to step back down. ‘Enter’ Key The ‘Enter’ key operates the same as a computer keyboard ‘Enter’ key.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Two Exchange terminals may also be configured as a 4-wire Point to Point system. In this mode, the system provides six, 4-wire trunked audio circuits with E & M wire control signalling. Subscriber Terminal Parameters (refer to Section 3.4.4) This section explains how to check and reconfigure the operation of certain parameters, which are specific to Subscriber terminals only. 3.4.1 Universal Parameters Passwords.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 5) You will be asked to enter the old Second Level password. If this is still set to the factory default value, use the arrow keys to enter ‘1234’, then press ‘Enter’ 6) You will be asked for the new Second Level password. Use the arrow keys to change the old password to the required new password and press ‘Enter’ Old p/word: 0* * * 7) You will be asked to confirm the new password.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Changing the Time and Date. The Time and Date should be changed to reflect local settings. Note that the date field follows the UK format: DD/MM/YY. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter’.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required operating mode and then press ‘Enter’. Note that the current setting is indicated by an asterisk. 5) Press ‘‘Escape’’ until the display returns to idle. →terminal 100% term on demand Link ID. The Link ID stops the EX7100 from setting up a link with an interfering RF signal. There are 99 possible numbers from 1-99.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 3) Use the up and down arrows until the → is next to Terminal Desc. Press ‘Enter’ 4) Use the keypad to set the required terminal description and then press ‘Enter’. Change link ID →terminal desc Exicom ex7100 ↑ 5) Press ‘Escape’ until the display returns to idle. Changing the RF Channel Increment. The EX7100 provides RF Frequency increments of either 6.25 kHz (Exicom factory default setting), or 5.0 kHz.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Changing the Local Transmitter Frequency. Ensure the Transmitter is set to operate on the required frequency. Notes: - This procedure is specific to a local transmitter. To change the frequency of a remote transmitter refer to Section 4.3.3. - The EX7100’s front panel tuning range is limited. If a frequency change of more than 100kHz is required, it will be necessary to manually retune some parts of the RF Section of the radio.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Operating mode. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Term On Demand. Press ‘Enter’. (The Tx On LED will extinguish after 10 seconds). →Operating Mode SET TIME/date Terminal 100% →Term on demand 5) Press ‘Escape’ to return to the main menu. Select RF parameters and press ‘Enter’.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Changing the Local Receiver Frequency. Ensure the Receiver is set to operate on the required frequency. Notes: - This procedure is specific to terminals in their idle state. To change the Rx frequency while a link is established, see 4.3.3. - The EX7100’s front panel tuning range is limited. If a frequency change of more than 100kHz is required, it will be necessary to manually retune some parts of the RF Section of the radio.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Transmitter RF Power Level. Ensure the transmitter power level is set as required. The power level is selectable in 3dB steps (0.25W, 0.5W, 1W, and 2W for a 2 Watt system, and 1.25W, 2.5W, 5W, and 10W for a 10 Watt system). Note: EX7100 RF power output is measured as PEP (Peak Envelope Power1.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Interface Type. Check that the terminal is set for either, G.703 (Codir or Contra), Synchronous Data, Exchange, or Subscriber as required for connection to your external equipment. This may be checked on the Framer menu location. Important note for 4-wire+E&M Point to Point operation: Although both terminals are configured as Exchange terminals, the Framer Interface in one of the terminals must be set to ‘Subscriber’ to allow correct synchronisation.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Framer. Password ∗ ∗ 1 ∗ ↑ Rf parameters →framer Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Tx Data Clock. Interface →Tx Data Clock Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrows to select the digital interface being used. Press ‘Enter’.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 6) Select the polarity required. Press ‘Enter’. →normal inverted Note: Some V.35 devices also require that the Data signals be inverted. This may be achieved by simply swapping the (+) and (-) legs of the Tx Data and/or Rx Data connections. 3.4.3 Exchange Terminal Parameters If a terminal contains an Exchange Interface card, an Exchange menu becomes available containing the following parameters: Operating Mode.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Channel Set-up. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to position the ↑ below the channel number and use the up and down arrow keys to select the required channel. For each channel, use the same method to select the interface and line impedance required. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes to each channel.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Transmit Audio Line Level. The Transmit audio line level adjusts the audio path to be transmitted across the EX7100 link. The level set is described as the nominal level the EX7100 terminal expects to see on the line. Note: The nominal input level is then automatically adjusted within the DSP process to suit the System Reference Level. Refer to the diagram at the rear of this section for further details regarding this process.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Exchange. Press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Rx Level. Press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the keypad to set the correct Rx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 3.4.4 Subscriber Terminal Parameters. If a terminal is configured as a Subscriber Terminal, the following parameters should be checked: Ringer Frequency. The EX7100 is able to be configured to provide either 18Hz or 25Hz ringing frequency. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Payphone Metering Frequency. As for the Exchange Terminal, check that the correct payphone metering frequency is selected (12 kHz or 16 kHz) for each channel pair. Note that line reversal detection is automatic and does not need to be configured. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Subscriber. Press ‘Enter’.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal 4) Use the keypad to set the required Tx audio line level for each channel. Press ‘Enter’ to accept changes for each channel. Ch: 1 lv: 0 dBm ↑ NB: All channels may be set to the same value by selecting ‘ALL’. (Note: Within a terminal, the Tx line level must not be set lower than the Rx line level. For typical applications with short telephone cable runs, a Tx line level of 0dBm is recommended.) 5) Press ‘Escape’ to back out of the menu.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Telephone Loop Current. If more than one telephone is to be connected to a channel, or if the telephone cabling is excessively long, the loop current may need to be increased to provide extra microphone and ringing current. The loop current may be set to either 25mA or 45mA, but should be left at 25mA if cabling is short. 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Tx Audio Le ve l (M ax) Audio clipping +3dBm Rx Audio Le ve l (M ax) +3dBm 6dB Headroom Line Input e.g. 0dBm Line output e.g. -3dBm System Reference Level -15dBm Rx Audio Le ve l (M in) -15dBm Tx Audio Le ve l (M in) Audio Noise Floor Exchange /Subs cribe r Subs cr ibe r /Exchange EX7100 Link System Notes: 1) System Reference Level is a fixed level 6dB below the audio clipping point within the EX7100 DSP process.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Internal Ref G703 Codir Terminal 100% Sync to Rx G703 Contra Term On Demand Ext Sync Clk Sync Data Terminal 100% Operating Mode Term On Demand Set Time / Date Repeater 100% 5kHz ESN Internal Ref RSSI Rx Polarity Sync to Rx Tx Power G703 Codir RSSI Tx Data Clock Sync Data Chan Increment G703 Contra Tx Power BER Tx Frequency Operating Mode Loopback Rx Frequency Sync Data Subscriber Ext Sync Clk Clock Source Tx Polarity Exchange
EX7100 Technical Manual - Configuring the Terminal Point to Point Ex to Sub Operating Mode Channel Setup Ch: 1 (X) Exchange 600 Ω 2W Metering Ch: 1&2 Off Tx Level Rx Level Ch: 1 Lvl: 0 dB Ch 1 Lvl: 0 dB Loopback Ch: 1 Off 18 Hz Ring 25 Hz Termination Ch: 1 (X) Subscriber Term: 600 Ω Metering Tx Level Ch: 1&2 Off Rx Level Ch: 1 Lvl: 0 dB Ch: 1 Lvl: 0 dB Loop Current Loopback Ch: 1 25 mA (X) Se e P a g e 1 fo r m a i n m e n u l o ca ti o n .
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4 Monitoring and diagnostics 4.1 General The EX7100 is equipped with a powerful monitoring and diagnostic system that may be accessed using the six button keypad and LCD on the front panel. (Refer to Section 3.2 for information on how to use the Front Panel User Interface). The front panel also has four LED's that indicate the operating status of the terminal, as well as any alarms being generated by the terminal.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.2.1 RF Parameters > Channel Increment > Tx Frequency > Rx Frequency > Tx Power > Tx Temperature (Displays the temperature of the Power Amplifier heatsink) > RSSI > Synthesiser Loop Volts (Displays the loop voltage of the Rx and Tx frequency synthesisers – Refer RF alignment within Section 7 as required. To access RF Parameters: 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’. Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrows until the → is next to PSU Monitoring and then press ‘Enter’. 3) Use the up and down arrows to position the → next to the required parameter and then press ‘Enter’ to view. 4) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. 4.2.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics Example (2) A link with a repeater. o o EXICOM o o oo o o o o EX7100 EXICOM o o oo o o o o EX7100 EXICOM EX7100 Data Terminal EX7100 Local Terminal Data or Six Channel o o oo o o EX7100 o o EXICOM EX7100 Data Terminal o o oo o o EX7100 EX7100 Remote Terminal Two Data Terminals strapped as Repeaters Data or Six Channel Figure 4.2: Two Terminal link with Repeater Terminal 4.3.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 2) The link will take a few seconds to establish a link. Please wait Setting up link 3) A list of terminal ESNs1 or terminal descriptors (if set) found will be displayed with the closest terminal at the top of the list. Choose the required terminal and then press ‘Enter’ → 12345678 23456789 The menu now displays the main menu of the remote terminal. All monitoring, diagnostic, and configuration parameters are now available for that terminal.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.3.3 Changing Operating Frequencies Remotely As previously discussed in Section 3.4.1, it is possible to configure an EX7100 terminal remotely, with the process being identical to configuring a local terminal. There is however, a slight change in process when changing the Operating Frequencies or Channel Increment remotely, or locally with a link established. Consider a link operating on Tx 450.000 MHz and Rx 455.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics Note: Although the new frequency will be displayed, it will not actually change until the Change frequency command is given. D) If the link contains a repeater, press the ‘Escape’ key until the list of terminal ESNs is displayed. Select the most remote repeater terminal and repeat steps B and C. Press the ‘Escape’ key until the list of terminal ESNs is displayed. Select the other repeater terminal and repeat steps B and C.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.4 EX7100 Internal Alarms The EX7100 terminal generates the following internal alarms: > Input Voltage (DC input voltage out of range: approx. 5% from shutdown voltages) > Low RSSI (Adjustable alarm set point, refer to Section 4.4.4) > Tx Power Drop (indicated a 3dB drop below current menu setting) > High VSWR > High BER (Adjustable alarm set point, refer to Section 4.2.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics Use the up and down arrow keys to Local alarm scroll through the current alarms until the ‘*’ Low RSSI new alarm is displayed. This is recognisable by the flashing * in the Note: To view the time and date stamp of the bottom left corner. alarm toggle the left or right arrow key. Press ‘Enter’ to acknowledge the alarm. When the alarm clears, the front panel LED extinguishes.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 1) From idle, press ‘Enter’ Use the arrow keys to enter the First Level password ‘1111’ and then press ‘Enter’. 2) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Alarms and then press ‘Enter’ ↑ Remote tests →Alarms 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Link Up Time and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required alarm time and then press ‘Enter’ to accept.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.4.5 Over Temperature alarm The UHF 10 Watt system requires fan assisted cooling, due to the extra heat generated by the power amplifier. Two fans are controlled by the transmitter CPU. If the heatsink temperature exceeds 45°C one fan will be turned on. Every 40 hours (approx) the CPU will switch between the two fans to ensure an even lifecycle. If the heatsink temperature continues to rise above 55°C, both fans will be turned on simultaneously.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics Key: MOD = Modulation. CW = Carrier only. DSBSC = Double side band at +/- 8kHz from centre frequency. Tx = Transmit power level. Low = Set to lowest menu setting. Normal = Set to current user setting. 4.5.2 Digital Loopbacks The EX7100 is able to loopback the 64kbps digital data in the following configurations: Received RF Transmit Data Local Loopback RF Section Framer Remote Loopback Received Data Transmit RF EX7100 Figure 4.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 3) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 4) Use the up and down arrow keys to choose the required loopback and then press ‘Enter’. 5) Use the keypad to enable the loopback function. Note: ber →loopback local →remote off →on During loopback testing the channel is not available to user traffic.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics Local Loopback Each channel may be put into local loopback mode from the front panel of the EX7100 terminal. In this mode, the transmit audio (into the EX7100 terminal) is looped back to the received audio (out of the terminal), within the DSLAC (Dual Subscriber Line Audio Circuit) device. The user is now able to send an analogue signal into the radio and monitor it across the same line (using a suitable test instrument with built in hybrid network).
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.6 Bit Error Rate Testing 4.6.1 General At some time after installation of the EX7100, the user may wish to perform a bit error rate test in order to confirm that the system is operating correctly. A BER test may be performed on both configurations of EX7100: 64kbps data or telephone. Testing of a telephone system is possible by performing the test at the 64kbps digital level using the G.703 or Synchronous data interface.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics BERT o o EXICOM Bit error rate tester set to transmit and receive. o o oo o o EX7100 EX7100 set for local loopback Figure 4.7: Local Interface Bit Error Rate Test 4.6.2 BER Testing an EX7100: End-to-End A) Connect the BERT equipment to the digital interface port of both EX7100 terminals (G.703, or Sync Data) as required. B) Set the sending BERT equipment to provide the clocking source for the test.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4) Press ‘Escape’ until the main menu is displayed. E) Set both EX7100 terminals to 100% operation as follows: 1) Use the up and down arrow keys to make sure the → is next to Controller. Press ‘Enter.’ 2) The screen will read Operating Mode.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 5) Use the keypad to turn the loopback function on. D) 4.6.4 off →on The BER test may now begin. Remember to disable the loopback, close the test link, and return the EX7100 terminals to their original configurations when finished. BER testing an EX7100: Local Interface. A) Connect a BERT, set to send and receive, to the local EX7100 terminal. B) Set the EX7100 terminal to the correct interface and clock sync using the steps in Section 4.6.2.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Monitoring and Diagnostics 4.7.2 Interconnection of Local Terminals. Interconnection of each EX7100 terminal’s management channel is achieved by simply daisy-chaining the RS-485 Bus which appears on the LMS port of each local terminal. Cabling should be screened and pin-out information is detailed in Appendix A.1. Example: Three terminal bussed site.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting 5 Trouble Shooting the EX7100 5.1 General This chapter describes some methods of identifying problems with the EX7100 and suggests possible solutions. The EX7100 has powerful fault diagnosis tools built in. Internal alarm monitoring, metering and configuration information are available on the front panel and at remote terminals. Refer to Section 4 for more details on the use of these diagnostic tools. 5.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting Symptoms Low transmit power, low RSSI and poor VSWR Possible Causes How To Fix Antenna or feeder fault. Replace faulty antenna and/or feeder. Duplexer faulty or out of alignment. Check, align or replace Duplex Filter. Transmit and/or receive frequency incorrect. Set terminals to correct transmit and receive frequencies. Low transmit power, VSWR & RSSI OK Transmit power set low. Set terminal to the correct transmit power level.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Troubleshooting Symptoms Possible Causes How To Fix Additional Comments A high power attenuator can be used to confirm the available fade margin. Rx Lock frequently lost. Interference, intermittent connector/feeder/antenna fault. Marginal RF path. A communications scanning receiver can be very useful to identify interference sources. Measurements of transmit power at antenna, substitution of feeders and antennas. Problems with repeater operation.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Cover Removal 6 EX7100 Top and Bottom Cover Removal The Terminal contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags.
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EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7 Module Descriptions 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Modem/Controller Type 2966 Line Interface Type 2967 or 2971 Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 Figure 7.1: EX7100 Terminal with Top Cover Removed Note: VHF and UHF Terminals are identical with the Top Cover removed. Power Supply Type 2964 PSU Measurement Board Type 2998 PA Type 8028 Transmitter Type 8027 Receiver Type 8029 Receiver Front-End Type 8018 Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Transmitter Type 8053 Power Supply Type 2964 PSU Measurement Board Type 2998 PA Type 8048 (10W) or 8051 (2W) Transmitter CPU Type 8044 Receiver FrontEnd Type 8055 Receiver Type 8054 Figure 7.3: UHF EX7100 Terminal with Bottom Cover Removed 7.2 Power Supply Module Type 2964 7.2.1 General The Power Supply module (PSU) converts the incoming DC input from the rear panel to the voltages needed to operate the circuitry within the EX7100 terminal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions +24V +15V DC Input From Rear Panel Forward Converter -15V Flyback Converter +5V -5V Isolation Barrier Figure 7.4: Power Supply Block Diagram The PSU Measurement Board connected to the Power Supply provides various metering functions via the terminal’s front panel display (Refer to Section 7.2.2 for details). This is calibrated to the Power Supply and is considered an integral part of the Power Supply. 7.2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 4) Press the ‘Escape’ key to back out of the menu system. The power supply can be considered to be operating satisfactorily if the supply rails are within the ranges specified within Table 7.1 below. Front Panel Measurement Typical Reading Range Input DC Voltage 10.8 to 30V (LV variant), 30 to 60V (HV variant) +24 Volt Rail 22.8 to 25.2V +15 Volt Rail 14 to 16V -15 Volt Rail -14 to -16V +5 Volt Rail 4.8 to 5.2V -5 Volt Rail -4.7 to -5.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Begin Check DC i/p supply, external Fuse, Wiring & Connections DC i/p present on Terminal Rear Panel? No Yes Switch on EX7100 Terminal PSU Meter Readings ok as per Table 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Test Number Fuse Rating 1 Positive Probe Negative Probe Expected Voltage TB1 +ve terminal. TB1 -ve terminal. Input voltage ± 0.5V. 2 10 A Fuse F1, both ends. Chassis Ground 22.8 to 25.2V. 3 2A Fuse F2, both ends. Chassis Ground 14 to 16V. 4 1A Fuse F3, both ends. Chassis Ground -14 to -16V. 5 5A Fuse F4, both ends. Chassis Ground 4.8 to 5.2V. 6 250 mA Fuse F5, both ends. Chassis Ground -4.7 to -5.3V. Table 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 9. Remove the thermal pads and the insulating bushes and discard them. Inspect the new pads and bushes carefully for any foreign matter. Small specks of dirt or metal filings can cause the pad to be punctured when the semiconductors are clamped down. 10. Carefully remove all foreign matter from the mating surfaces of the new Power Supply’s semiconductors and the heat-sink contact area. 11. Align new pads with the holes in the heat-sink contact area.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.3 VHF Transmitter Module Type 8027 7.3.1 General The VHF Transmitter module accepts data from the Modem Controller module Type 2966 (via the VHF Receiver module Type 8029). This data is filtered, modulated with a locally generated carrier, amplified and then filtered again ready for amplification by the VHF RF Power Amplifier Module (PA) Type 8028.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Figure 7.7: VHF Transmitter Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7.3.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Transmitter module provides control to the Receiver module, the Receiver Front-End module and the Transmitter RF Power Amplifier. It collects measurements from all of these modules and interacts with the Modem/Controller module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Caution: Antenna output must be terminated in 50 Ohms Begin Output Filter correctly tuned? Module RF output on correct frequency & at correct level? No Tune Transmitter output No Yes Yes Pow er, Tx Temperature & VSWR measurements ok? No Suspect that Transmitter module is faulty Replace Transmitter module Suspect that Transmitter module is faulty Replace Transmitter module Yes Transmitter module appears to be fault-free, suspect that another Module
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.3.3 Alignment Re-tuning Of the VHF Transmitter Module If the frequency of the Transmitter module is to be changed by more than 250kHz from its tuned frequency, the output bandpass filter will require adjustment as follows: 1. Remove the bottom cover, disconnect PL108 from the Transmitter module, and feed this to the RF input of a scalar network analyser (or spectrum analyser with tracking generator). 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.3.4 VHF Transmitter Module Replacement Procedure 1. Remove the bottom cover as described in Section 6.1. 2. Note the connector positions and the way that the cables are run (it is important that all cables are replaced as they were initially run before the module replacement procedure) Remove the following connectors from the Transmitter PCB: PL101, PL103, PL104, PL105 and PL108.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.4 UHF Transmitter Module Type 8053 7.4.1 General The Transmitter module accepts data from the Modem Controller module Type 2966 (via the Receiver module Type 8054).
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Figure 7.10: UHF Transmitter Module in Place within an EX7100 Terminal 7.4.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Transmitter CPU sub-module provides control to the Transmitter module, the Receiver module, the Receiver Front-End module and the Transmitter RF Power Amplifier. It collects measurements from all of these modules and interacts with the Modem/Controller module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions The RF devices used in the Power Amplifier module may contain beryllium dioxide. These devices must not be broken, ground, hammered or tampered with in any way, and should be disposed of in a safe manner as specified in local environmental and safety legislation. If safe disposal is a problem, they should be sealed in an appropriate container and returned to Exicom for disposal.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Caution: Antenna output must be terminated in 50 Ohms Begin Output Filter correctly tuned? Module RF output on correct frequency & at correct level? No Tune Transmitter output No Yes Yes Pow er, Tx Temperature & VSWR measurements ok? No Suspect that Transmitter module is faulty Replace Transmitter module Suspect that Transmitter module is faulty Replace Transmitter module Yes Transmitter module appears to be fault-free, suspect that another Module
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.4.3 Alignment Re-tuning Of the Transmitter Module If the frequency of the Transmitter module is to be changed by more than ±2.5 MHz from its tuned frequency, the following checks or adjustments are required: Checking the VCO Loop Voltage 1. Set the new Transmit frequency via the front panel as per Section 3. 2. Remove the bottom cover and refer to Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 5. Disconnect the analyser input and output from the PCB and reconnect for normal operation. Carrier Null The carrier null should be stable over the long term. If bit error rates climb, carrier leakage could be the problem. 1. Put the terminal into “Align Mode” with DSBSC mode selected. Refer to Section 4.5.1 (Not to be confused with “Antenna Align Mode” as described in Section 2.11.2) 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 6. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 7. Connect the antenna to the terminal. (Caution: do not proceed until this is done to avoid damage to the PA module). Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 8. If necessary, retune the Transmitter output filter (refer to Section 7.4.3 above). 9.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Removal of the Transmitter module 1. Remove the CPU sub-module as previously described. Remove the following connectors from the Transmitter PCB: PL101 (DC input), PL103 (connection to the PA), and PL107 (SMB connector, “Tx RF out). 2. Remove the three stand-offs and the three M3 screws and washers that hold the Transmitter module into the casting, then remove the Transmitter module, keeping all fastenings in a safe place. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.5 VHF RF Power Amplifier Module Type 8028 7.5.1 General The VHF RF Power Amplifier module is driven by a modulated signal on the required RF frequency by the VHF Transmitter module Type 8027. Refer to Figure 7.6 “VHF RF Connection Diagram” for details. The Transmitter module maintains a constant RF output power adjusting the drive level as necessary.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.5.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions RF Output Power Measurement Note: Without available RF test equipment, RF Power Amplifier faults can only be confirmed by substitution of the module. If an RF signal generator, RF power meter and suitable test load are available, it is possible to undertake a simple functional test of the RF Power Amplifier module. Refer to Figure 7.14 below for equipment connection details.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Figure 7.15: Heat Sink Screws for VHF PA Removal Note: Screws marked (A) and (B) may not be present if the EX7100 Terminal contains the VHF Fan Box Type 61-8057-00002 (refer to the supplement at the front of this Manual for further details) 7.5.3 Alignment There are no user adjustments available on the RF Power Amplifier module. Specialist factory test equipment and procedures are required to correctly set up the amplifier.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7. Refit the seven cap screws holding the heat sink casting into the main casting. (Refer to Figure 7.15) 8. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 9. Replace the bottom cover, taking care to tighten every screw. No screws should be left over at the end of the job. 10. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 11.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.6 UHF RF Power Amplifier Module Types 8048 (10W) & 8051 (2W) 7.6.1 General The UHF RF Power Amplifier module is driven by a modulated signal on the required RF frequency by the UHF Transmitter module Type 8053. Refer to Figure 7.9 “UHF RF Connection Diagram” for details. The Power Amplifier module maintains a constant gain of 50dB (43 dB for 2W PA); with RF output power being adjusted in the transmitter drive stage.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.6.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions RF Output Power Measurement Note: Without available RF test equipment, RF Power Amplifier faults can only be confirmed by substitution of the module. If an RF signal generator, RF power meter and suitable test load are available, it is possible to undertake a simple functional test of the RF Power Amplifier module. Refer to Figure 7.17 below for equipment connection details.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Figure 7.18: Screws for 10 W UHF PA Fan Box Removal1 Figure 7.19: Heat Sink Screws for UHF PA Removal 7.6.3 Alignment There are no user adjustments available on the RF Power Amplifier module. Specialist factory test equipment and procedures are required to correctly set up the amplifier. Module Re-tuning The RF Power Amplifier module is a broad band device and does not require adjustment.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.6.4 UHF RF Power Amplifier Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of the RF Power Amplifier Module. Note: Under NO circumstances must the terminal be connected to DC supply without the Antenna port being terminated. Powering up of the PA without a load will result in the PA being damaged. Steps 3,4 and 9 below do not apply to the 2W PA Type 8051. 1.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.7 VHF Receiver Module Type 8029 7.7.1 General Received RF is passed from the antenna through the Duplexer to the Front End submodule Type 8018 where it is filtered and amplified. This RF is applied to the Receiver module’s RF input, it is then filtered, amplified, mixed and demodulated.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.7.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this section. The Transmitter module provides control to both the Receiver module and the Receiver Front-End module (AGC and synthesiser setting) and also collects measurements from the Receiver modules. An apparent Receiver problem may actually be caused by a fault with the Transmitter module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Begin Caution: Antenna output must be terminated in 50 Ohms Receive Frequency correct? Set correct Receive Frequency No Yes Receiver Front-end tuned correctly? Tune Front-end filter No Yes RSSI Measurements OK? No Suspect that Receiver or Transmitter module is faulty Replace Receiver or Transmitter Module Yes Receiver module appears to be fault-free, suspect that another Module is faulty Finish Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.7.3 Alignment Module Re-tuning The main Receiver module should not require any adjustment when being re-channelled. The Receiver Front-End module Type 8018 requires adjustment of the receiver bandpass filters. Note: There are three variants of the Front-End module, one covering 138-148MHz, one covering 147-162MHz, and the other 159-174MHz.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Receiver Maintenance Adjustments The baseband DC offset may drift with age. To check or adjust: 1. Connect an oscilloscope in XY mode to PL301 (pins 1 and 3). Ensure that the oscilloscope is DC coupled and centred on the display. 2. Disable the transmitter by setting the terminal to On-demand operation in the Terminal Set-up menu (Refer to Section 3 for details). 3. Put the EX7100 terminal into Align Mode with CW and Tx: Low selected. (Refer to Section 4.5.1).
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 11. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 12. If necessary, retune the Receiver Front-End module (refer to Section 7.7.3). 13. Reset the receive frequency and other variables as necessary (refer to Section 3 as required) 14. Return to normal operating mode and check that the link is correctly established. If not refer to Section 7.7.2 above and Section 5 “Troubleshooting” as required. 15.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.8 UHF Receiver Module Type 8054 7.8.1 General Received RF is passed from the antenna through the Duplexer to the Front End submodule Type 8055 where it is filtered and amplified. This RF is applied to the Receiver module’s RF input, it is then filtered, amplified, mixed and demodulated. The VCO and front-end filters limit the UHF Receiver module to sub bands of 403430MHz, 430-450MHz, 450-470MHz, 470-490MHz, and 490-512MHz.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags. Fault finding and module replacement must be performed at “electrostatically safe work stations” where the work bench surface, soldering iron and the operator are all earthed to prevent the build up of harmful electrostatic charges.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Begin Caution: Antenna output must be terminated in 50 Ohms Receive Frequency correct? Set correct Receive Frequency No Yes Receiver Front-end tuned correctly? Tune Front-end filter No Yes RSSI Measurements OK? No Suspect that Receiver or Transmitter module is faulty Replace Receiver or Transmitter Module Yes Receiver module appears to be fault-free, suspect that another Module is faulty Finish Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.8.3 Alignment Module Re-tuning If the frequency of the Receiver module is to be changed by more than ±2.5 MHz from its tuned frequency, the following checks or adjustments are required: Checking the VCO Loop Voltage 1. Set the new Receive frequency via the front panel as per Section 3. 2. Remove the bottom cover and refer to Figure 7.24 below to identify the location of the Loop Volts output feed-through capacitor in the local oscillator module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Due to the interaction between the filter components, it is advisable to repeat this procedure a number of times. 5. Disconnect the analyser. Reconnect the Duplexer to SK101 and the Receiver Module to SK102. 6. Disconnect the analyser. Reconnect the Duplexer to SK101 and the Receiver Module to SK102. Note: The Duplexer module must also be adjusted to suit the new centre frequency (refer to Section 7.10.3 for tuning details).
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7. Re-connect all cables as removed in 4. above. Ensure that all cables are run as they were prior to removal. 8. Inspect the EX7100 terminal to ensure that it is free of foreign material. Remove and clean as required. 9. Connect the antenna to the terminal. Apply power to the EX7100 rear panel and switch the terminal on. 10. If necessary, retune the Receiver Front-End module (refer to Section 7.8.3). 11.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Removal of the Receiver module 1. Remove the Front-End module as previously described. Remove the following connectors from the Receiver PCB: PL101, PL102 and PL103. 2. Remove the two stand-offs and two M3 screws and washers that hold the Receiver module into the casting, then remove the Receiver module, keeping all fastenings in a safe place. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.9 VHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8013 7.9.1 General The Duplex Filter (or Duplexer) allows the receiver and transmitter modules to be connected to one antenna at each terminal. This is achieved with selective filtering. At the receive frequency the antenna port of the Duplexer is connected as directly as possible to the receiver input. Similarly at the transmit frequency the antenna port is connected as directly as possible to the transmitter PA output.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.9.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Duplexer is a passive product that once correctly aligned should provide stable performance without failure. The major failure modes of Duplexers are: > Connectors not being fully mated or cable failure. > Incorrect Duplexer performance. > Mechanical failure of internal components, usually causing complete failure of the link.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Refer to Figure 7.25 and the steps outlined below: High Freq Port Antenna Port Low Freq Port matching capacitors matching inductors High Freq Port Low Freq Port Low Pass Adjustment Screws High Pass Adjustment Screws Figure 7.25: VHF Duplex Filter Adjustment Locations 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the antenna port. 2. Connect the analyser input to the high frequency port. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.9.4 VHF Duplex Filter Replacement Procedure Note: Ensure that the replacement module has been correctly tuned to the operating frequencies required before installation (refer to Section 7.9.3 above) 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the top cover as described in Section 6.1. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.10 UHF Duplex Filter Module Type 8045 7.10.1 General The Duplexer allows the receiver and transmitter modules to be connected to one antenna at each terminal. This is achieved with selective filtering. At the receive frequency the antenna port of the Duplexer is connected as directly as possible to the receiver input. Similarly at the transmit frequency the antenna port is connected as directly as possible to the transmitter PA output.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.10.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The Duplexer is a passive product that once correctly aligned should provide stable performance without failure. The major failure modes of Duplexers are: > Connectors not being fully mated or cable failure. > Incorrect Duplexer performance. > Mechanical failure of internal components, usually causing complete failure of the link.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Refer to Figure 7.26 and the steps outlined below: Tx or Rx Antenna 1 2 3 Tx or Rx 4 5 High 6 7 Low BRBP BPBR Band Reject Band Pass Filter (HPF) A B Band Pass Band Reject Filter (LPF) 4 Cavity Duplex filter C D E F G H I J low pass adjustment High pass adjustment Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Note1: Note that on many analysers, it is not possible to measure the full isolation, as there is not sufficient dynamic range available. Therefore, it is suggested that the trace, at the point where it becomes noise, be centred on the centre vertical graticule of the instrument. Check the notch depth (Isolation Loss) at this point. BRBP Filter adjustment (HPF) 1. Disconnect both coax leads from the BRBP section of the Duplexer. 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 5. Adjust the two high adjustment screws on the Duplex filter for the deepest notch on the low operating frequency of the terminal (See Note1 above). Check that the notch depth (Isolation Loss) is ≥ 80dB. 6. Check that the Insertion Loss is ≤ 1.0dB. 7. Reconnect all leads to the Duplex filter. 7.10.4 Duplexer Tuning / Performance Checks With the three sections of the Duplexer connected together as shown in figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 4. With the tracking generator output set to the low frequency, check that the filter insertion loss is < 2.0dB (1.5-2.0dB typical). If a non-compliance is observed, the Duplexer tuning screws F, G, H, I may be slightly adjusted. Upon adjustment, all performance parameters of the Duplexer must be re-checked. High Pass Filter: 1. Connect a 50Ω termination to the low frequency port (7). 2. Connect the analyser input to the Antenna port (4). 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.11 Modem/Controller Module Type 2966 7.11.1 General The Modem/Controller module provides the bulk of the EX7100 terminal’s control and data conversion functionality. Although the same hardware is used for both UHF and VHF systems, different software is fitted. This module contains the master controller for the EX7100. This controls the Front Panel module and manages the microcontrollers that are present on many of the other modules via an RS-485 bus.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Figure 7.28: Modem/Controller in Place within Terminal 7.11.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Accessing the Modem/Controller To gain service access to the Modem/Controller module, remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis Under normal operating conditions and with a link established, D8, D100, D101 and D102 should all be on. If this is not the case, follow the instructions below: With the unit de-powered, check the Modem/Controller module visually for signs of damage such as burnt tracks or components.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Refer to Pow er Supply Module Section 7.2 Begin EX7100 LCD operational? Suspect that the Pow er Supply module is faulty Pow er Supply Voltages OK? No No Yes Yes Suspect that the Front Panel module or Modem/Controller module is faulty Caution: Antenna output must be terminated in 50 Ohms Sw itch on EX7100 Terminal w ith Top Cover Removed Refer to Front Panel Module Section 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.11.3 Alignment The Modem/Controller module requires no alignment and has no user adjustments. 7.11.4 Modem/Controller Module Replacement Procedure 1. Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 2. Remove the top cover as described in Section 6.1. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.12 Front Panel Module Type 2994 7.12.1 General The Front Panel module is used for terminal configuration and to check status of various parameters (refer to Sections 3 and 4 for complete details). The Front panel operates under the command of the Controller on the Modem Controller module Type 2966.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.12.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis If it is suspected that the Display Module is not operating correctly, follow the steps outlined in Figure 7.31. Ref er to Pow er Supply Module Section 7.2 or Modem/Controller Module Section 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.12.3 Alignment The Front Panel module requires no alignment and has no user adjustments. 7.12.4 Module Replacement Procedure Isolate the EX7100 Terminal from the incoming DC supply by removing the DC input wires from the rear panel terminal block. 1. Remove the six screws that hold the Front Panel to the casting then remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Keep all screws in a safe place. 2.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.13 Line Interfaces Type 2971 and Type 2967 7.13.1 General Inclusion of a six-channel Line Interface in each EX7100 terminal allows six analogue exchange or subscriber telephone lines (depending on which module is fitted) to be operated over the EX7100 link. Voice, fax and data traffic can be accommodated. Each Line Interface module carries all the necessary line interface, speech compression and control components.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions The Isolated Power Supply Module Type 2990 contains a +100V power rail that is potentially dangerous or lethal. To ensure personal safety, please observe caution when operating the EX7100 terminal with the covers removed. Figure 7.33: Subscriber Line Interface in Place within Terminal Figure 7.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.13.2 Testing and Fault Diagnosis General Note: Refer to Section 5 “Troubleshooting the EX7100” before reading this Section. The module contains semi-conductor components that are sensitive to electrostatic damage. Electrostatic sensitive devices should only be stored and transported inside electrically conductive static shielding bags.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Begin Line Interface PSU Voltages OK? No Replace Line Interface PSU Module Yes Line Card Configuration Correct? No Configure Line Card Yes Ensure That Full Duplex Link is Operating Modem Controller D8 on and D9 off? No Suspect Radio or Modem Problem Yes No See Note 1 Yes Loopback Lines. Loopback Works On All 6 Lines? Suspect Radio or Modem Problem Note 1: At first turn on, all LEDs adjacent to the DSPs should be ON.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.13.4 Line Interface Replacement Procedure This procedure covers the replacement of either Line Interface module. Refer to Section 6.1 for the initial procedure then: 1. Remove the six screws that hold the Front Panel to the casting. 2. Remove the screw that retains the Isolated Power Supply module’s heat sink block. 3.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 7.14 Isolated Power Supply Type 2990 7.14.1 General Isolated power supply module Type 2990 provides DC power to the six-channel Exchange Interface circuit board Type 2967 and six-channel Subscriber Interface circuit board Type 2971 as required. The output rails of the power supply are isolated from the input rail; the isolated supply can withstand 3.5kV potential difference between input and output. 7.14.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions Accessing the Isolated Power Supply Module Remove the top cover as per Section 6.1. Diagnosis 1. Connect the negative probe of the digital multi-meter (DMM) to pin 1 of connector PL2. Using the positive probe of the DMM, touch all the other pins of PL2 in turn and check the measured voltage against Table 7.5 below: Pin on PL2 Expected Voltage Accepted Tolerance 1 0V ±0.1V 2 +5V ±0.25V 3 -48V ±4.0V 4 +5V ±0.25V 5 0V ±0.1V 6 -5V ±0.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Module Descriptions 2. Connect the negative probe of the DMM to pin 2 of connector PL3. Using the positive probe of the DMM, touch pin 1 of PL3 and check the measured voltage against Table 7.6 below Pin on PL3 Expected Voltage Accepted Tolerance 1 +5V ±0.25V 2 0V ±0.1V Table 7.
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EX7100 Technical Manual – Repeater Configuration 8 EX7100 Repeater Configuration 8.1 General The EX7100 can be configured as a full duplex repeater to enable the link to operate over a much greater distance and over difficult terrain. In repeater configuration, the EX7100 retains the extensive remote monitoring and diagnostics via the system’s internal engineering channel. An EX7100 repeater is made up of two 64kbps Data terminals linked back-to-back at the G.703 level.
EX7100 Technical Manual – Repeater Configuration G.703 Interconnect A G.703 crossover is required to pass the digital data stream between terminals. The G.703 output port of each terminal must be connected to the G.703 input port of the other terminal. This is best done using the 75 Ohm G.703 connections on the rear panel. Control Interconnect. The RS-485 control signals on the Control port of each terminal must be connected together using a straight wired, shielded cable.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A Appendix A Connector Pin Information A.1 LMS This 9-pin (DB9) socket allows connection of the ELMS Link Management system, as well as networking of multiple terminals via the system’s RS-485 Bus. A.2 Control This 9-pin (DB9) socket is used in repeater configuration, to connect two EX7100 terminals back-to-back. Note: Incorrect use of this connector will cause the EX7100 to fail. Use only as directed.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A A.3 G.703 Provides a 120-ohm connection for 64kbps co-directional G.703 Digital Data, using a 15pin DB15 socket. A.4 Synchronous Data Provides connection of 64kbps synchronous V.35 Digital Data, via a 15-way (DB15) socket. Refer to Section A.7 for V.35 interface adapter cable details.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A A.5 Input/Output A DB25 connector provides six input/output open-collector contacts for connection of externally generated site alarms, as well as high and low priority alarm outputs for internal system alarms. Note: This port uses TTL signal levels. Failure to comply with these levels may cause damage to the EX7100. Note: All inputs and outputs are floating.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A A.6 Line Interface The 50-way Champ socket is internally wired to allow for any of the three terminal configurations (2-wire Exchange, 4-wire Exchange, and Subscriber). The table below shows pin allocation and interface cable wire colours for the three variants. Note: The colour indicated first is the main wire colour, the colour indicated second is the stripe.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A E & M Wire Interface Standards The EX7100 4-Wire + E&M interface conforms to the following internationally recognised standards. It should be noted that Exicom refers to each standard as Positive M-Wire and Negative M-wire. Positive or Negative M-wire selection is made, via six shunts on the 4wire interface module.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix A A.7 Sync Data (DB15) to V.35 (M34) Interface Cable (DCE) If required, Exicom can supply an adapter cable to provide an industry standard (M-34) V.35 connection to user equipment. Note: The physical specifications of V.35 are not clearly defined, and vary from one equipment manufacturer to another. Some modifications to either Exicom’s interface cabling, or the user equipment cabling, may be required. Contact Exicom for details about other cables available.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix B Appendix B Options B.1 Line Terminating Frame The Line Terminating Frame (LTF) allows easy termination of six 2-wire circuits at both the exchange and subscriber ends of the radio link. This rack, or wall, mounted frame is an ideal connection point for reticulation of subscriber line cabling and may be ordered with various termination types, as well as Primary Lightning Protection circuitry, if required.
EX7100 Technical Manual - Appendix B B.2 ELMS (Exicom Link Management System) ELMS is a software program designed to make monitoring and configuration of single and multiple EX7100 terminals easier for the user. ELMS operates on a Windows 95 or Windows NT platform. It enables the user to access local and remote EX7100 terminals. Terminal configurations can be downloaded, modified, and uploaded again.
