User Guide PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer
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Contents Contents Certification Information ....................................................................................................... vi European Community Declaration of Conformity ................................................................. vii 1 Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer ............................. 1 Main Features .........................................................................................................................1 Conventions .........
Contents 7 Viewing and Analyzing Results ..................................................................49 Opening an Existing Acquisition File .....................................................................................49 Viewing Acquisition Information ..........................................................................................50 Playing Back Acquisition Files ...............................................................................................
Contents 11 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................... 121 Solving Common Problems .................................................................................................121 Solving Phase Tracking Issues ..............................................................................................122 Viewing Online Help ...........................................................................................................
Certification Information Certification Information North America Regulatory Statement This unit was certified by an agency approved in both Canada and the United States of America. It has been evaluated according to applicable North American approved standards for product safety for use in Canada and the United States. Electronic test and measurement equipment is exempt from FCC part 15, subpart B compliance in the United States of America and from ICES-003 compliance in Canada. However, EXFO Inc.
Certification Information European Community Declaration of Conformity European Community Declaration of Conformity DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Application of Council Directive(s): Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Equipment Type/Environment: Trade Name/Model No.: 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive 2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive 93/68/EEC - CE Marking And their amendments EXFO Inc.
1 Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer As new advanced modulation schemes enable the transmission of high-speed optical signals over fiber, research centers, network equipment manufacturers and eventually carriers need new test instruments to properly characterize these signals. Main Features The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer uses equivalent-time optical sampling, allowing the complete characterization of random or repetitive digital signals at 100 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s, 1 Tb/s and beyond.
Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer Main Features Touchscreen Handle Remote control indicator/Return to local mode Power button Local oscillator input port Input signal port Trigger port USB port Support USB ports LAN ports The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer has the following features: 2 Fully customizable display layout and selection of graphs (intensity, phase, error-vector magnitude) in eye diagram and pattern modes.
Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer Conventions Conventions Before using the product described in this guide, you should understand the following conventions: WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions. CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
2 Safety Information Laser Safety Information WARNING Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active. Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are protected at all times. WARNING The use of controls, adjustments and procedures other than those specified herein may result in exposure to hazardous situations or impair the protection provided by this unit.
Safety Information Electrical Safety Information Electrical Safety Information This unit uses an international safety standard three-wire power cable. This cable serves as a ground when connected to an appropriate AC power outlet. Note: To ensure that the unit is completely turned off, disconnect the power cable. WARNING 6 Insert the power cable plug into a power outlet with a protective ground contact. Do not use an extension cord without a protective conductor.
Safety Information Electrical Safety Information The color coding used in the electric cable depends on the cable. New plugs should meet the local safety requirements and include: adequate load-carrying capacity ground connection cable clamp WARNING Use this unit indoors only. Position the unit so that the air can circulate freely around it. Do not remove unit covers during operation.
Safety Information Electrical Safety Information Equipment Ratings Temperature Operation 0 °C to 35 °C (32 °F to 95 °F) Storage -40 °C to 70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F) a Relative humidity 80 % non-condensing Maximum operation altitude Pollution degree 2 Installation category Power supply rating 2000 m (6562 ft) b II 100 V to 240 V (50 Hz/60 Hz) maximum input power 250 VA a. b. Measured in 0 °C to 31 °C (32 °F to 87.8 °F) range, decreasing linearly to 50 % at 40 °C (104 °F).
3 Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) The EUI fixed baseplate is available for connectors with angled (APC) or non-angled (UPC) polishing. A green border around the baseplate indicates that it is for APC-type connectors. Green border indicates APC option Bare metal (or blue border) indicates UPC option To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate: 1. Hold the EUI connector adapter so the dust cap opens downwards. 2 3 4 2.
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers IMPORTANT To ensure maximum power and to avoid erroneous readings: Always inspect fiber ends and make sure that they are clean as explained below before inserting them into the port. EXFO is not responsible for damage or errors caused by bad fiber cleaning or handling. Ensure that your patchcord has appropriate connectors.
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers 3. Carefully align the connector and port to prevent the fiber end from touching the outside of the port or rubbing against other surfaces. If your connector features a key, ensure that it is fully fitted into the port’s corresponding notch. 4. Push the connector in so that the fiber-optic cable is firmly in place, thus ensuring adequate contact.
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer Starting and Exiting the Optical Modulation Analyzer Application Starting and Exiting the Optical Modulation Analyzer Application The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer runs on a Microsoft Windows environment. When you turn it on, the unit should automatically start the Optical Modulation Analyzer application.
4 Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer You should start by setting parameters on the PSO-200 so that acquisitions are performed according to the signal you are analyzing and that the results meet your needs. You can also change some settings during an acquisition, or even afterwards to see how it would have affected the results. See Reanalyzing Acquisitions with New Settings on page 115. Note: Changing settings during an acquisition will not stop it.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Configuring the Input Signal Bit format (RZ or NRZ): this should be used according to the pulse carving status of your signal under test (RZ for pulse-carved signals, NRZ otherwise, as explained in Modulation Schemes on page 247). This setting affects measurements associated with the waveform. Symbol rate (in GBd): symbol rate of the input signal. An accurate rate (±0.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Configuring the Input Signal To configure the input signal type and properties: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the General tab, enter the settings in the Signal section. 3. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting Other Acquisition Parameters Setting Other Acquisition Parameters Use the following parameters to improve the recovered waveform: Burst sampling parameters: you can specify the number of bursts that will be recorded or buffered by the application, as well as the number of data points in each burst. A larger number of points will take more time to process but provide better results.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting Other Acquisition Parameters IMPORTANT Make sure a pattern can be displayed (magnitude graph) in any of the pattern mode acquisitions. If pattern synchronization cannot be achieved, switch the input pattern type to Random. To set the acquisition parameters: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the General tab, enter the settings for the burst sampling and input pattern. 3.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting File Autonaming Setting File Autonaming Autonaming helps you create a predefined file naming scheme for future saved acquisitions. This can include data components, date/time and sequential numbering. This way you are sure not to overwrite your previous files and always follow a standard that is meaningful to you. Note: Characters that cannot be used in a file name are replaced by a tilde “~”.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting File Autonaming 4. Define the autonaming scheme. A sample file name shows you the final output. Select data components you want to include in the name. You must select at least one item in the list. You can change the order using the up and down arrow buttons. Note: The order of the items is kept until you revert to the factory settings. Set the sequential number values. You can enter the starting number and select how many digits are to be used.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Identifying Acquisitions Identifying Acquisitions Setting up acquisition information can save you time and work, as your acquisitions will be identified according to your needs each time. You can either set default information for future acquisitions (especially useful in conjunction with file autonaming in automated production environments), or add specific information for the current acquisition. To enter acquisition identification: 1.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Identifying Acquisitions 3. Select the Equipment Under Test and Location Information tabs and provide details that pertain to your specific test case. You can also add a personalized comment in the Comments tab. 4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting Analysis Parameters Setting Analysis Parameters The signal can be analyzed while being acquired or afterwards in reanalysis mode. The following tools are available. 22 Burst averaging (see Using Averaging to Improve Results on page 70). Measurement windows: Data – time range defined as percentages of the symbol period, as explained in Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions on page 62.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Setting Analysis Parameters To set the analysis parameters: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the Analysis tab, select the desired analysis options. 3. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using Special Modulation Modes Using Special Modulation Modes In some situations, when the input signal does not represent phase-encoded data, it can be valuable to bypass some of the signal processing algorithms to visualize the signal with a better refresh rate or under different conditions. For example, it may be useful to study just the intensity before a phase-encoding transmitter is set up correctly, for debugging purposes.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using Special Modulation Modes The figure below shows an example of intensity sampling of 42 GBd QPSK data (top: intensity eye diagram; bottom: corresponding 127 bit pattern). The intermediate frequency recovery algorithm is bypassed so that only intensity is sampled. The phase information is not retrieved.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using Special Modulation Modes To select a special modulation mode and activate optional algorithms: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the General tab, select the special mode in the Modulation list. 3. Under the Analysis tab, select the desired signal processing algorithms to apply. 4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using an External Local Oscillator Using an External Local Oscillator The External local oscillator (LO) option allows you to use your own laser as a source for the local oscillator instead of the PSO-200 internal laser. This is useful in the following cases: When your signal source has an extremely low phase noise, such that the overall phase noise becomes dominated by the internal LO source.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using an External Local Oscillator By default, the application automatically calibrates the external LO source during acquisitions. You can disable this option, but you should only do so if the application requires it (see message below), in which case the application will try to use the last calibration values obtained with the internal LO.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using an External Local Oscillator To enable the external local oscillator: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the General tab, select External in the Local oscillator list.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Using an External Local Oscillator 3. If necessary only, disable the automatic calibration by clearing the Enable pulse source calibration box. 4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window. 5. Connect your external laser source to the Local Oscillator Input port on the PSO-200 front panel. 6. Start an acquisition.
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer Locking the Remote Unit Locking the Remote Unit If you control the unit remotely, you can set it so that the keyboard, mouse and touchscreen are inactive. This can be useful when you do not want someone to accidently change your settings. To lock the unit when using remote control: 1. From the main window, select the Settings menu, then General. 2. Select the General tab. 3. Under SCPI, select the option to lock the unit.
5 Performing Acquisitions Starting and Stopping an Acquisition Once you start an acquisition, it will continue until you stop it. If you had a previous acquisition that you have not saved, you will be prompted to save it before starting a new one. While an acquisition is in progress, the on-screen data and graphs are updated upon each burst, and you can still change the display layout. However, you cannot use the playback controls, or open or save files. To start an acquisition: Press the Start button.
Performing Acquisitions Clearing Data During an Acquisition Clearing Data During an Acquisition While an acquisition is in progress, you can clear the data already acquired at any time in order to capture a clean signal without the glitches that might have been introduced during manipulations. All graphs and measurement tables are reset, and burst count restarts at 1. The Y axis is re-scaled to a normalized unit. To clear acquired data: While an acquisition is in progress, press the (Clear) button.
Performing Acquisitions Saving Acquisitions to a File Saving Acquisitions to a File Once an acquisition is completed, you can save it for later analysis and playback. You can set a default folder to use for future acquisitions. The application offers you to save the file in this folder, but you can always select a different location. Note: If autonaming was enabled (see Setting File Autonaming on page 18), the application will suggest an appropriate name, but you can change it.
Performing Acquisitions Activating Trigger-Based Acquisitions Activating Trigger-Based Acquisitions You could use an external equipment, such as a BER tester, to initiate burst acquisitions on the PSO-200 based on trigger signals. This can be useful in automated long-term tests. When you start this acquisition process, the application will be on hold, waiting for a trigger signal (which can occur hours later) to acquire new bursts as specified.
Performing Acquisitions Activating Trigger-Based Acquisitions To activate triggered acquisitions: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the Gate Acquisition tab, select Acquire a burst when receiving a signal.... 3. Select the trigger parameters as follows: Number of recorded bursts: bursts buffered in memory, overriding the equivalent setting in the General tab.
6 Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Selecting and Customizing the Layout The application’s main window is fully customizable. You can start with one of the preset single- or dual-polarization layouts that may already suit your needs. Each layout contains a set of graphs and tables. Note: Predefined layouts are not editable. Once you close a tab, you can only make it appear again by re-selecting a layout that contains it.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Selecting and Customizing the Layout At any time during of after acquisitions, you can change the displayed graphs (except the constellation), resize the tabs or close those you do not want to see. The application will remember your layout for your next work session. Available graphs in the Optical Modulation Analyzer application are described later in this chapter. To select a predefined layout: 1. From the Display menu, select Layout. 2.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Constellation Chart Constellation Chart Useful when characterizing advanced modulation schemes such as DP-QPSK, the constellation chart is a representation of a signal modulated in phase and/or in amplitude. It shows valid symbols (amplitude and phase relative to the carrier) of a modulation format on a polar graph. Since each symbol is encoded with n bits (depending on the modulation scheme), there will be 2n permitted symbols.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Constellation Chart The figure below shows an example of a QPSK constellation with four points (2-bit symbols) comprising the data-carrying signal. No time information is given since it would be on the z axis. Constellation point Transitions Transitions between constellation points contribute significantly to the spectral content of the input signal, and hence the optimization of these transitions is often the most critical aspect of transmitter operation.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Eye Diagrams Eye Diagrams An eye diagram is a trace of the intensity, magnitude, or phase, as a function of time, where the corresponding time vector has been “folded” to an integer number of symbol periods (see Equivalent-Time Sampling on page 241). Symbol period Traditionally, intensity (power) has been shown in eye diagrams, since the power itself contains the information in on-off keying (OOK) data modulation.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Eye Diagrams I/Q Eye Diagrams The I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) eye diagrams represent the “real” and “imaginary” parts of the complex field as a function of time, respectively. I(t B) = Re(E(t B)) Q(t B) = Im(E(t B)) where tB is the remainder after division with the symbol period . The I eye diagram can be seen as the data visible by looking from the right of the constellation chart. Similarly with the Q eye diagram by looking from the top.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Eye Diagrams Magnitude Eye Diagram Eye diagram of P(tB)1/2=|E(tB)|. No phase information is given. NRZ-QPSK data Intensity Eye Diagram Eye diagram of P(tB)=|E(tB)|2. No phase information is given.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Eye Diagrams Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) Diagram The quality of the transmitted signal can be established by looking at the error vector, which compares the received signal with an ideal signal, taking into account both phase and magnitude errors. The error vector magnitude (EVM) value is computed in the data measurement window (excluding measurements from transitions). When a pattern exists, EVM values are relative to the “expected” reference constellation point.
Customizing the Graph and Data Layout Pattern Diagrams Pattern Diagrams You can view all graphs (I/Q, intensity, magnitude, phase and EVM) as a pattern instead of an eye diagram. The pattern diagram is a continuous curve between different amplitude and/or phase states, as a function of time. It helps viewing the capacity of the system to transmit all signal combinations.
7 Viewing and Analyzing Results Opening an Existing Acquisition File You can recall previously saved acquisition files on your unit or on another computer for further analysis. Note: You cannot open a file while an acquisition is in progress. To open an acquisition file: 1. From the File menu, select Open. 2. Locate the file you want to open. 3. Click Open. You can also open a file directly from the main window by clicking Optical Modulation Analyzer .
Viewing and Analyzing Results Viewing Acquisition Information Viewing Acquisition Information When opening a previously acquired file for analysis, you can view information about the parameters that were used for acquisition. For details on the parameters displayed, see Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer on page 13. To view data and parameters from the current acquisition: 1. From the File menu, select Properties, then Current Acquisition Information. Expands into more details 2.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Playing Back Acquisition Files Playing Back Acquisition Files Once you have acquired bursts, or after opening a previously saved file, you can use the playback buttons to see the behavior of the acquired signal. All bursts will be played at the same speed as when acquired.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Zooming and Moving Graphs Zooming and Moving Graphs Once you have acquired data, you can use zoom and pan functions on the graphs to better see the results. The Zoom and Pan buttons are located on the right side of the main window.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Displaying and Setting X-Axis Values Displaying and Setting X-Axis Values For eye and pattern graph types, you can customize the display of the X axis, by selecting the units and by selecting whether values will be shown on the axis or not (if values are not shown, the first and last values are indicated on the sides).
Viewing and Analyzing Results Displaying Graphs in Color Grade Mode Displaying Graphs in Color Grade Mode The Color Grade mode is much like using phosphor persistence on an oscilloscope. The more a specific point is hit, the brighter it is displayed. This quickly gives you a view of the distribution of points on the plots.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Displaying Multiple Bursts Simultaneously (Persistence) Displaying Multiple Bursts Simultaneously (Persistence) With the Persistence mode, charts can display simultaneously the data of up to 5 bursts (layers) to help identifying areas with a high number of points. The “infinite” option accumulates the points from all bursts, which is similar to the Color Grade mode but with a single color. Note: Persistence is applied to all relevant graphs at once.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using the Measurement Tables Using the Measurement Tables The measurement table is used to view the calculated results for each axis (I, Q, phase, magnitude). You can decide to display the table or not, and you can customize it to optimize result viewing. In preset layouts, measurement tables are associated with the corresponding chart. There is also one table per polarization state.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using the Measurement Tables To customize the measurement table display: 1. From the Settings menu, select General. 2. Select the Measurement Tables tab. 3. Select which items you want to view in the measurement tables. 4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Graph Markers Using Graph Markers To help you evaluate values and differences (deltas) in precise locations of any graph type, you can display and position sets of markers on the graph and view corresponding data on a tiny dashboard. There are two markers for each axis: X1, X2, Y1, Y2. You can move markers from end to end, independently from each other.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Graph Markers To display (or hide) markers and dashboard for a graph: Right-click on a graph, then select Show Markers (or Hide Markers). OR: 1. Select a graph. 2. From the Display menu, select Show Markers (or Hide Markers). To select and move a marker: In Selection mode, drag the marker on the screen with the mouse or touchscreen. OR: 1. Click the toggle marker button until you reach the desired marker (indicated on the button). 2.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Viewing Signal Distribution Using Histograms Viewing Signal Distribution Using Histograms In cases where you want to see a more detailed distribution of points in a region, you can display a horizontal or vertical histogram on top of a graph. Horizontal histogram: each bar, displayed vertically from the bottom, represents the number of points for the corresponding value on the horizontal axis. For example, in an Intensity-vs.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Viewing Signal Distribution Using Histograms To display a histogram on a graph: 1. Select a graph. 2. From the Display menu, select Show Markers (if they are not already displayed), then position them as needed. 3. From the Display menu, select Show Horizontal/Vertical Histogram. A check mark will appear next to the menu item. OR: Right-click on a graph and select Show Markers, then right-click on the graph again and select Horizontal/Vertical Histogram.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions You can display “real data points” in white on all graphs simultaneously to distinguish them from other points, called “transitions”. It allows you to rapidly see if data points are where they should be (a point in the transition path would be considered as an error).
Viewing and Analyzing Results Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions To highlight data points in white: From the Display menu, select Highlight Data Points. Clear the option to remove the color. Note: This feature will have an effect on all applicable graphs at once. To hide or show transitions (constellation chart only): Right-click on the graph, then select Hide Transitions (or Show Transitions). OR: 1. Select the constellation chart. 2.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks Using Pattern Masks You can display masks on graphs to test signal quality and perform a quick pass/fail verification of signal compliance to applicable standards. Masks are used to determine whether a sampling point fits in the normal pattern or not; points considered “in error” can optionally be highlighted in red.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks The following standard masks are provided with the application: IEEE G.802.3ba ITU G.959.1 Other 40-100 LR (large ratio) NRZ 10G 1310 nm RZ 40G custom 40-100 SR (small ratio) NRZ 10G 1550 nm NRZ 40G Note: When an acquisition file contains masks, you can view their settings in the Current Acquisition Information window.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks To activate and select masks: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the Analysis tab, select the desired mask types and masks. The drop-down lists correspond to available mask definition files, either provided with the application or custom-made. 3. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks Creating or Editing Mask Definition Files The Optical Modulation Analyzer does not include a mask editor. However, mask definition files (.maskcfg) are in XML format, allowing you to easily create custom-made masks or edit the ones provided. Note: You can modify mask definition files while the application runs, but you must reopen the Acquisition Settings window to update the list of masks.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks Intensity Mask (NRZ 40G ITU) Mask type tag Center mask polygon points Custom margins around center mask (use a block as for the mask itself) Uniform margins around center mask (0.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Pattern Masks EVM Mask Mask type tag Mask polygon points Custom margins around mask (use a block as for the mask itself) Uniform margins around mask (0.1 = 10 %) Mask name (displayed in Acquisition Settings) EVM masks follow the same requirements and rules as intensity masks, but do not contain upper and lower zones. To edit mask definition files: 1. Locate the following folder: [application data]\EXFO\PSO-200\Masks.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Averaging to Improve Results Using Averaging to Improve Results You can improve the signal waveform (and SNR) by averaging subsequent acquisitions and removing noise. When doing so, graphs are plotted using lines between points, so that you can better see the averaged data. You can set the number of bursts that are averaged, as well as the averaging window (time resolution, the “bin” size in ps into which samples are accumulated).
Viewing and Analyzing Results Using Averaging to Improve Results The averaging mode “fills the holes” by adding more and more points (at intervals defined by the time resolution) to build a complete waveform with all samples from all previous bursts, as shown in the two images below. The average is recalculated after each burst as follows: N–1 1 NewAverage = PreviousAverage ------------- + NewBurst ---N N where N is the number of bursts acquired, up to the specified averaging burst count (1 to 64).
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms To activate and configure averaging: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Under the Analysis tab, set the averaging parameters. Select Use averaging to activate it (not selected by default). Select the number of bursts to average on (1 to 64, or Infinite). Set the averaging window (1 to 10 ps, default = 1 ps). 3. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms Waveform Estimation Phase Tracking Increases the PSO-200 phase tracking ability in presence of a large amount of signal phase noise (>1-2 MHz for QPSK). Use when constellation transitions (green samples) suffer from large phase noise whereas symbol center points (white samples) do not spread in phase direction. It utilizes information from the previously acquired waveform to improve the phase tracking of signal transitions.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms Chromatic Dispersion Unwrapping Compensates for chromatic dispersion in the signal. You must provide a value (in ps/nm) for use by the algorithm. Also activates averaging (with the time resolution set based on the signal’s symbol rate). If you deactivate averaging, this algorithm is also deactivated.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms The following table shows algorithms available for each input pattern type: Algorithm Random Repetitive (Unknown) Known Patterns Polarization demultiplexing Yes Yes Yes IF recovery Yes Yes Yes CD unwrapping (as Averaging and Filters) No Yes Yes Waveform estimation phase tracking No No Yes To activate signal processing algorithms: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2.
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Data Filtering Applying Data Filtering The Optical Modulation Analyzer application allows you to apply the following filters to your acquisition: Chebyshev (type I only) Bessel Butterworth No Filtering Using Filtering (Chebyshev) Using Filtering (Bessel) 76 PSO-200
Viewing and Analyzing Results Applying Data Filtering Using Filtering (Butterworth) When you select filtering, the application also activates Average mode (the averaging time resolution will be set based on the signal’s symbol rate). If you deactivate average mode, filtering is also deactivated. Note: Filters are not available in Random input pattern. They require a pattern (known or unknown) to function properly. Note: Filters will not work well with OOK modulation. To activate and configure a filter: 1.
8 Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox The following diagram illustrates the main steps and possibilities in bit pattern analysis using the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer. With compatible pattern modes, the powerful Gearbox tool allows you to define precisely how your data stream is sent to the modulator and to obtain detailed error rates.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Basic Gearbox Setup Details Basic Gearbox Setup Details Here are the basic instructions to set the Gearbox for testing. The details for each type of setting is explained further in later sections of this chapter. To set the Gearbox: 1. From the main window, select the Settings menu, then Acquisition. 2. Under the General tab, select the input pattern type. Note: The Gearbox can only be used with known patterns, such as PRBS, or a user-defined pattern.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Basic Gearbox Setup Details 3. Select the Gearbox tab. 4. Select the Gearbox layout. 5. Select the pattern length.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Basic Gearbox Setup Details 6. Enter the offsets for the bit patterns and indicate whether they are inverted or not. In the case of user-defined patterns, enter the bit stream as well. To set the bit orders and delays: 1. From the main window, select the Settings menu, then Gearbox Stream Alignment. 2. In the window, modify the alignments and delays as needed. You can only modify them if you have selected a global or dual X-Y stream.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Exporting Symbol Patterns Exporting Symbol Patterns If the signal data has been acquired with a compatible pattern mode (“Repetitive (unknown)”, “PRBS” or “user-defined”), you can export the actual symbol pattern to a file and reuse it for other acquisitions. Note: Exporting the symbol pattern from an acquisition in Repetitive mode is especially useful, since you can reimporting it to obtain better calculations and a symbol error rate.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns You can import a known symbol pattern from a file and work directly with the symbols in the constellation without having to know the Gearbox details. This allows you to simulate a modulation scheme implementation that is not supported by the PSO-200 or simply to read back symbols information from a previous export.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns To import a symbol pattern: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Select the General tab. 3. In the Input pattern section, select User-defined symbol pattern.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns 4. Click Import, then select the symbol pattern file (.osp) you want to import and click Open. Length of imported pattern (can then be decreased) Y polarization data appears if present in the imported file 5. If needed, enter a smaller value in the Symbol pattern length box. The imported symbol pattern will be truncated when you close the window. The pattern will be unusable if the specified length is larger. 6.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox To obtain information such as the probability of error for each individual bit/byte in a pattern, it is essential to get detailed bit pattern analysis capabilities. The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer can accurately recover the time-domain information without any signal processing due to the high bandwidth achieved with optical sampling.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Gearbox Streaming Types Depending on how the bit pattern is sent to your transmitter, the Gearbox can be configured as follows: One global stream – a single known encoded data stream is demultiplexed inside the transmitter into several parallel sub-streams sent to the modulator, with delays and inversions (if any).
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox There are several ways to implement a data modulator for a modulation format; with these basic Gearbox settings, you should be able to select a combination that suits your data generation. The table below shows all possible configurations for the supported modulations formats.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Modulation APSK Single Polarization 1 Global stream Dual Polarization 1 Global stream Dual (X-Y) streams 3 Individual streams 90 6 individual streams PSO-200
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Modulation 16-QAM Single Polarization 1 global stream Dual Polarization 1 global stream Dual (X-Y) streams 4 individual streams Optical Modulation Analyzer 8 individual streams 91
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Gearbox Configuration File Layout A Gearbox configuration file is used by the Optical Modulation Analyzer application to properly map the bit pattern provided as the input to the system.This file is divided into three sections: Definition Bit symbol mapping and delay Symbol coordinates The file is based on Microsoft’s information file format (.inf).
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Definition Section This section describes the type of Gearbox this file addresses. The possible values of the “Type” field are: OneGlobalStream NIndividualStreams DualXYStreams (only required and supported for dual-polarization modulation schemes) There is one file per Gearbox streaming type and per modulation scheme. For example, DP-QPSK has three Gearbox configuration files.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Bit Symbol Mapping Section Depending on the modulation scheme, there can be one to four bits per symbol, or even more. This section contains as many lines as there are bits per symbol in the modulation scheme. Each line represents a bit mapping and delay. Note: In addition to editing this section of the file with a text editor, you can also modify its values in the Optical Modulation Analyzer application.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox From the previous example, the following bit stream is sent to the transmitter: 1101 1000 1010 0101 0110 1001 1111 1110. At the transmitter input, the stream looks like this: The application needs to know which bit goes to which modulator input. This is called alignment.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox The second column represents the bit delay. In optical systems with ultra-high bit rates, a difference of a few millimeters in fiber length between modulators can lead to bit delays and misalignments. The Gearbox can compensate for these induced delays.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox To set or import the Gearbox stream alignment parameters (Mapping section of the configuration file): 1. From the Settings menu, select Gearbox Stream Alignment. 2. Select a Modulation format and Gearbox layout. Each combination corresponds to a configuration file (.gearbox). You can process multiple combinations without exiting this dialog box. 3. Click Import to load an existing configuration file (.gearbox).
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox Symbol Coordinates Section The third section of the Gearbox configuration file is used to tell the application where, in the constellation, a “word” is supposed to be found. This arrangement highly depends of the implementation of the transmitter. 16-QAM constellation example The configuration file normalizes the constellation on both axes.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox The PSO-200 default implementation and mapping of each modulation is defined in the Gearbox configuration file. If your mapping cannot match this default configuration, you can implement a different mapping, by editing the Gearbox configuration file as explained in Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox on page 87.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox To edit and apply a PRBS: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Select the General tab. 3. In the Input pattern section, select Standard PRBS. 4. Select the Gearbox tab. The content fits the PRBS context. Number of lines depend on layout and modulation 5. Select the Gearbox layout corresponding to your data streams.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox 6. Select the Length of the PRBS pattern. Available values are all of the form 2n-1. Each length corresponds to a unique bit sequence, which will be used for all streams. Note: Since PRBS sequences are shown in hexadecimal notation, most bit sequences will be truncated to match the selected PRBS bit length. 7. For each stream listed, perform the following: 7a.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox To import, edit and apply a custom bit pattern: 1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition. 2. Select the General tab. 3. In the Input pattern section, select User-defined bit pattern. 4. Select the Gearbox tab. The content fits the user-defined pattern context. Edit or import bit pattern Number of lines depend on layout and modulation 5.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox 7. For each stream listed, perform the following: 7a. Click to open the Bit Pattern Editor window. Byte count 7b. You can import an existing bit pattern file (plain text with hexadecimal values), then edit values as needed, or you can simply enter the values corresponding to the bit pattern. Click Import, select the file and click Open. The imported pattern length is displayed, to save you from counting bytes.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Exporting Gearbox Setups Exporting Gearbox Setups After you have defined a full Gearbox setup in the Optical Modulation Analyzer application to describe your transmitter’s implementation (data stream content and mapping), you can export it to a file for reuse. You can export the Gearbox setup of the currently opened file or the one defined in the application settings.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Obtaining and Using Bit/Symbol Error Rates Obtaining and Using Bit/Symbol Error Rates Since the PSO-200 is not a real-time oscilloscope, the sampled symbols will not make a continuous set that can be directly compared with a reference symbol pattern. Even though the symbols are not sampled in order, after time-base reconstruction and constellation sample selection, the symbol error rate (SER) can be evaluated.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Obtaining and Using Bit/Symbol Error Rates The application displays a BER for each polarization of the system, according to the Gearbox configuration, as shown below. The application computes a BER for each input stream. One global stream Dual X-Y streams N individual streams Similarly, the SER is calculated as the number of error symbols / total number of symbols. A current burst SER and a total SER are measured for each polarization.
Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox Obtaining and Using Bit/Symbol Error Rates The expected pattern graph always overlays the measured pattern (in bright red) and expected pattern. Points in error can also be displayed in bright red on all graph types, as shown below. To highlight error points in red: From the Display menu, select Highlight Points in Error. Clear the option to remove the color. Note: This feature will have an effect on all applicable graphs at once.
9 Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Installing and Using the Application on a Computer You can install the application on a computer for data analysis purposes. The application will have the same features, except the Start/Stop button for acquisitions and related settings. The computer must meet the following minimum requirements: System Element Processor Windows XP / Vista / 7 Intel Core 2 Duo 2.53 GHz RAM 2 Gb Disk Space 10 Gb Screen Resolution Other 1024 x 768 Microsoft .NET 2.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Installing and Using the Application on a Computer 4. Read and accept the licence agreement, then click Next. 5. Enter your customer information, then click Next. 6. Click Install to begin the process. 7. When the installation is complete, click Finish to exit the wizard. To start the application: 110 Double-click the shortcut icon on the desktop. From the Windows Start menu, select All Programs > EXFO > Optical Modulation Analyzer.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Installing and Activating Software Options Installing and Activating Software Options Some options available for your unit are available through the purchase of a .key file. Such a file unlocks the options you have purchased on the unit. If you have purchased your unit with the options already selected, the key files will have been activated for you. However, if you purchase an option afterwards, you will have to activate it on your unit yourself.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Installing and Activating Software Options To generate the Identification file for your unit or computer: 1. From the Windows Start menu, select All Programs > EXFO > Optical Modulation Analyzer > Software Options Product Activation. 2. Click Export Identification to generate an XML file identifying your unit or computer uniquely. 3. Save the file. 4. Click Close to exit the Product Activation window. To activate the options for your unit: 1.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Exporting Data Exporting Data You can export PSO-200 data and results to comma-separated values (.csv) text files, to use in a spreadsheet or text editor, or for reprocessing in MATLAB or other tools. The data available for export is the current data in memory. Note: Each burst will generate a separate data file, but all results will be saved in a single result file.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Copying Graph and Measurements to Clipboard To export the data: 1. From the File menu, select Export, then Acquisition to Text File. 2. Select which items you want in your export file (data, results, or both). 3. Indicate the location where you want to save the file.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Reanalyzing Acquisitions with New Settings Reanalyzing Acquisitions with New Settings You can see the effect of applying new settings on previously acquired data with the Reanalyze feature. You can use this feature on the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer or with a file opened on a separate computer. Most acquisition and analysis settings can be modified, but not those related to the input signal itself. Unavailable settings are grayed out in the application.
Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data Reverting to Original File Reverting to Original File When working on a file, you might want to discard your changes and retrieve the file’s last saved state. The following changes can be “undone”: Information changed in the Current Acquisition Identification window (available from the Properties menu). Settings changed for the acquisition reanalysis (available from the File > Reanalyze menu option).
10 Maintenance To help ensure long, trouble-free operation: Always inspect fiber-optic connectors before using them and clean them if necessary. Keep the unit free of dust. Clean the unit casing and front panel with a cloth slightly dampened with water. Store unit at room temperature in a clean and dry area. Keep the unit out of direct sunlight. Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations. Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations.
Maintenance Cleaning EUI Connectors WARNING Looking into the optical connector while the light source is active WILL result in permanent eye damage. EXFO strongly recommends to TURN OFF the unit before proceeding with the cleaning procedure. To clean EUI connectors: 1. Remove the EUI from the instrument to expose the connector baseplate and ferrule. Turn Pull Push 2. Moisten a 2.5 mm cleaning tip with one drop of isopropyl alcohol (alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly). 3.
Maintenance Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) 6. Clean the ferrule in the connector port as follows: 6a. Deposit one drop of isopropyl alcohol on a lint-free wiping cloth. IMPORTANT Isopropyl alcohol may leave residues if used abundantly or left to evaporate (about 10 seconds). Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the wiping cloth, and dry the surface quickly. 6b. Gently wipe the connector and ferrule. 6c.
11 Troubleshooting Solving Common Problems Here are a few common situations you might have to deal with: The burst number appears in red in the status bar. This is caused by a malfunction in processing data. You can do one of the following: Save acquisition and send the .omd file to EXFO. Click on the red burst number. Some debugging information will be displayed. Paste content of this dialog box in an e-mail to EXFO.
Troubleshooting Solving Phase Tracking Issues Solving Phase Tracking Issues Phase tracking issues (cycle slips) typically occur for the following reasons: Cause Pattern synchronization not succeeded Solution Check if a pattern is visible on the magnitude pattern graph. Magnitude/intensity information is not dependent on successful phase recovery. If no pattern synchronization occurs, verify Modulation, Symbol rate and Symbol pattern length values (Acquisition Settings).
Troubleshooting Contacting the Technical Support Group Contacting the Technical Support Group To obtain after-sales service or technical support for this product, contact EXFO at one of the following numbers. The Technical Support Group is available to take your calls from Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Eastern Time in North America). Technical Support Group 400 Godin Avenue Quebec (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA 1 866 683-0155 (USA and Canada) Tel.: 1 418 683-5498 Fax: 1 418 683-9224 support@exfo.
Troubleshooting Viewing System Information Viewing System Information When contacting EXFO’s technical support, you might be asked to provide some information regarding the version of your application, or any other detail that can help solving your problem. Note: The Software Options tab lists the optional features that you have purchased and activated. To view system information: 1. From the main window, click About). (or select the Help menu, then 2. Select one of the available tabs.
Troubleshooting Transportation Transportation Maintain a temperature range within specifications when transporting the unit. Transportation damage can occur from improper handling. The following steps are recommended to minimize the possibility of damage: Pack the unit in its original packing material when shipping. Avoid high humidity or large temperature fluctuations. Keep the unit out of direct sunlight. Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations.
12 Warranty General Information EXFO Inc. (EXFO) warrants this equipment against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original shipment. EXFO also warrants that this equipment will meet applicable specifications under normal use.
Warranty Exclusions Exclusions EXFO reserves the right to make changes in the design or construction of any of its products at any time without incurring obligation to make any changes whatsoever on units purchased. Accessories, including but not limited to fuses, pilot lamps, batteries and universal interfaces (EUI) used with EXFO products are not covered by this warranty.
Warranty Service and Repairs Service and Repairs EXFO commits to providing product service and repair for five years following the date of purchase. To send any equipment for service or repair: 1. Call one of EXFO’s authorized service centers (see EXFO Service Centers Worldwide on page 130). Support personnel will determine if the equipment requires service, repair, or calibration. 2.
Warranty EXFO Service Centers Worldwide EXFO Service Centers Worldwide If your product requires servicing, contact your nearest authorized service center. EXFO Headquarters Service Center 400 Godin Avenue Quebec (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA EXFO Europe Service Center Winchester House, School Lane Chandlers Ford, Hampshire S053 4DG ENGLAND EXFO Telecom Equipment (Shenzhen) Ltd. 3rd Floor, Building 10, Yu Sheng Industrial Park (Gu Shu Crossing), No.
A Technical Specifications IMPORTANT The following technical specifications can change without notice. The information presented in this section is provided as a reference only. To obtain this product’s most recent technical specifications, visit the EXFO Web site at www.exfo.com.
B SCPI Commands Reference This appendix presents detailed information on the commands and queries supplied with your PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer. IMPORTANT You must add the following mnemonic at the beginning of any command or query that you send to the instrument: LINStrument: where corresponds to the identification number of the instrument. In the PSO-200, its value is 1. Quick Reference Command Tree Command MMEMory SENSe Parameter(s) P.
SCPI Commands Reference Quick Reference Command Tree Command Parameter(s) P.
SCPI Commands Reference Quick Reference Command Tree Command SENSe ROSCillator SOURce TYPe Parameter(s) INTernal|EXTernal TYPe? DDEMod MASK FILTer 185 NAMe EVM|Constellation|Intensity, 186 NAMe? EVM|Constellation|Intensity 187 STATe EVM|Constellation|Intensity, STATe? EVM|Constellation|Intensity 189 TYPe Chebyshev1|Bessel|Butterworth|N one 190 TYPe? CUTFrequency 191 CUTFrequency? ORDer UPPerbound LOAD GEARbox S
SCPI Commands Reference Quick Reference Command Tree Command SENSe LOAD GEARbox STORe GEARbox DDEMod SYNC Parameter(s) STReam 16QAM|APSK|BPSK|DP-16QAM|DP 207 -APSK|DP-BPSK|DP-OOK|DP-QPSK |OOK|QPSK,OneGlobalStream|Dua lXYStreams|nIndividualStreams, SWORd PTYPe Prbs|Random|RepetitiveUnknown| 210 UserDefinedBitPattern|UserDefined SymbolPattern PTYPe? PLENgth 212 PLENgth? MMEMory SENSe 213 214 LOAD PATTern STORe PATTern 216 DDEMod LEARnpattern 217 LEARnpatt
SCPI Commands Reference Quick Reference Command Tree Command CDIS SIGNal Parameter(s) P.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:TRACe Description This command loads a measurement in the memory. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :MMEMory:LOAD:TRACe Parameter(s) Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Selects the valid path of the file. 138 Example(s) LINS1:MMEM:LOAD:TRAC "C:\OMATRACES\myMeasurement.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe Description This command saves a measurement on the disk. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe Parameter(s) Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Selects the valid path of the file. Example(s) LINS1:MMEM:STORe:TRAC "C:\OMATRACES\myMeasurement.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe:DATA Description This command exports a measurement in the CSV format. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :MMEMory:STORe:TRACe:DATA Parameter(s) Path: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Selects the valid path of the file.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe Description This command sets the average mode status. At *RST, this value is set to OFF. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe Parameter(s) Mode: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. The special forms ON and OFF are accepted on input for increased readability. ON corresponds to 1 and OFF corresponds to 0. Enables or disables the average Mode state.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe? Description This query returns the average mode status. At *RST, this value is set to OFF. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:STATe? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Status: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the average mode status. 1, average Mode state is enabled. 0, average Mode state is disabled.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt Description This command sets the number of bursts used to calculate average results. At *RST, this value is 0. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt Parameter(s) Count: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the number of bursts used to calculate average results.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt? Description This query returns the number of bursts used to calculate average results. At *RST, this value is 0. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:COUNt? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Average Count: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the number of bursts used to calculate average results.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:TCONtrol Description This command sets the average mode that is to be managed, when the number of scans processed exceeds the Average Number of bursts. At *RST, this value is LAS. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:TCONtrolEXP onential|LAST Parameter(s) Avg: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:TCONtrol Notes When averaging is on and the number of scans is less than or equal to the Avg Number setting, a linear average is calculated. After the scan count exceeds the Avg Number setting, if more burst has to be acquired. If Average Mode is Exponential then new results are averaged in exponentially.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:TCONtrol? Description This query returns, the average mode that is to be managed, when the number of scans processed exceeds the Average Number of bursts. At *RST, this value is LAS. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:TCONtrol? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Average: The response data syntax for is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation Description This command sets the digital communication format used by the demodulator. At *RST, this value is set to DP-QPSK or QPSK. It’s device dependent.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation BPSK, selects Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) as the modulation for the digital communication format. DP-CW, selects Differential Quadrature keying (CW) as the modulation for the digital communication format. DP-APSK, selects Differential Quadrature Phase-shift keying (DPSK) as the modulation for the digital communication format.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation DP-QPSK, selects Differential Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) as the modulation for the digital communication format. FREERUN, selects FreeRun as the modulation for the digital communication format. Intensity Sampling, selects Intensity Sampling as the modulation for the digital communication format. OOK, selects On-off Keying as the modulation for the digital communication format.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation? Description This query returns the digital communication format used by the demodulator. At *RST, this value is set to DP-QPSK or QPSK. It’s device dependent. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Modulation: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the modulation that is set.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation? DP-BPSK, Differential Quadrature Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) as the modulation for the digital communication formatis selected. DP-FreeRun, Differential Quadrature Phase-shift keying (FreeRun) as the modulation for the digital communication formatis selected. DP-Intensity Sampling, Differential Quadrature Phase-shift keying (Intensity Sampling) as the modulation for the digital communication formatis selected.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MODulation? 16QAM, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM16) as the modulation for the digital communication formatis selected. QPSK, Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) as the modulation for the digital communication formatis selected. Example(s) SENSe:DDEM:MOD QPSK SENSe:DDEM:MOD? Returns QPSK Notes Default modulation is QPSK.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe Description This command sets the symbol rate (symbols per second) for the analyzer's digital demodulator. At *RST, this value is set to 28 Gbaud or 20 Gbaud. It’s device dependent. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe Parameter(s) Rate: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Selects the symbol rate to be set for the analyzers digital demodulator.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe? Description This query returns the symbol rate (symbols per second) for the analyzer's digital demodulator. At *RST, this value is set to 28 Gbaud or 20 Gbaud. It’s device dependent. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SRATe? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Rate: The response data syntax for is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation Description This command sets the burst duration in terms of time or symbol length. At *RST, this value is 10000. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation,P OI Parameter(s) Integer: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the burst duration in terms of time or symbol length.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation:VALue? Description This query returns the integer value of the burst duration. At *RST, this value is 10000. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation:VALue? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Value: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the integer value of the burst duration.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation:UNIT? Description This query returns the unit of the burst duration. At *RST, this value is POI. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:BDURation:UNIT? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Unit: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the unit of the burst duration. POI, returns points as unit.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:RECording:LENGth Description This command sets the amount of bursts to be recorded. At *RST, this value is 20. Syntax :SENSe:RECording:LENGth,BU R Parameter(s) Length: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Number of bursts to record.Value between 1 and 140. Default value is 20.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:RECording:LENGth:VALue? Description This query returns the integer value of the burst duration. At *RST, this value is 10. Syntax :SENSe:RECording:LENGth:VALue? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Value: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the integer value of the burst duration. POI, returns points as unit.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:RECording:LENGth:UNIT? Description This query returns the unit of the burst duration. At *RST, this value is BUR. Syntax :SENSe:RECording:LENGth:UNIT? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Unit: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the unit of the burst duration.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :INITiate 162 Description This command starts recording the bursts. This command is not associated with *RST condition. Syntax :INITiate Parameter(s) None Example(s) LINS1:INIT Notes State is saved in instrument. This is command only, there is no query. See the Recall functionality to access previously saved data.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :ABORt Description This command stops recording the bursts. This command is not associated with *RST condition. Syntax :ABORt Parameter(s) None Example(s) LINS1:ABOR Notes State is saved in instrument. This is command only, there is no query. See the Recall functionality to access previously saved data.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :READ:DDEMod? Description This query reads the entire (current) measurement and returns it in the output buffer in the CSV format. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :READ:DDEMod? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the entire measurement that is streamed in the output buffer, in the CSV format.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :READ:DDEMod:DATA[n]? Description This query reads a burst (index n) and returns it in the output buffer in the CSV format. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :READ:DDEMod:DATA[n]? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the specified burst that is streamed in the output buffer, in the CSV format.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :READ:DDEMod:AVERage? Description This query reads the average results and returns them in the output buffer in CSV format. Maximum, Minimum and Average are returned in a CSV table. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :READ:DDEMod:AVERage? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:TABLe: NAMes? Description This query displays the table entries associated with the specified polarization. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:TABLe:NAMes? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:TABLe? Description This query reads the entire table or a table entry from a specific burst identified by index n. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:TABLe?X| Y|XY, Parameter(s) Polarization: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:TABLe? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Reads the entire table or a table entry from a specific burst identified by index n. X, entire table or a table entry associated with the X burst is read. Y, entire table or a table entry associated with the y burst is read. XY, entire table or a table entry associated with the XY burst is read.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:AVERage:TABLe? Description This query reads the average entries and returns them in the output buffer. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:AVERage:TABLe?X| Y|XY, Parameter(s) Polarization: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: X|Y|XY.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:AVERage:TABLe? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Reads average entries and returns in the output buffer. X, average entries are read and returned in the X buffer. Y, average entries are read and returned in the Y buffer. XY, average entries are read and returned in the XY buffer. Example(s) LINS1:CALC:DDEM:AVER:TABL? Y,"Rise time (ps)" Notes Query only.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:MINimum:TABLe? Description This query reads the minimum entries and returns them in the output buffer. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:MINimum:TABLe?X |Y|XY, Parameter(s) Polarization: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: X|Y|XY.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:MINimum:TABLe? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Reads the Minimum entries and returns them in the output buffer. X, Minimum entries are read and returned in the X buffer. Y, Minimum entries are read and returned in the Y buffer. XY,Minimum entries are read and returned in the XY buffer.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:MAXimum:TABLe? Description This query reads the maximum entries and returns them in the output buffer. At *RST, this value is device dependent. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:MAXimum:TABLe? X|Y|XY, Parameter(s) Polarization: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: X|Y|XY.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:MAXimum:TABLe? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Reads the MAXimum entries and returns them in the output buffer. X, Maximum entries are read and returned in the X buffer. Y, Maximum entries are read and returned in the Y buffer. XY,Maximum entries are read and returned in the XY buffer.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor? Description This query returns the output buffer and the Specified Vector for a specific burst identified by n. At *RST, this value is device dependent. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor?XI |XQ|XM|XP|YI|YQ|YM|YP|TRV Parameter(s) Vector: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the output buffer and the Specified Vector for a specific burst identified by n. XI and YI, output buffer and the Specified Vector forI vector on polarization is returned. XQ and YQ, output buffer and the Specified Vector for Q vector on polarization is returned.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor: POINts? Description This query returns the number of points by the command:CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor? . This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor:POINts?< wsp>XI|XQ|XM|XP|YI|YQ|YM|YP|TRV Parameter(s) Vector: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor: POINts? Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the number of points by the command :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:VECTor?. XI and YI, number of points forI vector on polarization are returned. XQ and YQ, number of points for Q vector on polarization are returned. XM and YM, number of points for magnitude vector on polarization are returned.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:RAW[c]? Description Return in the output buffer the Raw Data for a specific burst identified by n and a specific channel identified by c. At *RST, this value is device dependent. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:DATA[n]:RAW[c]? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:ERRor:VECTor? Description This query returns the Errors. This query is not associated with any *RST value. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:ERRor:VECTor?XSy mbolError|YSymbolError Parameter(s) Vector Name: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: XSymbolError|YSymbolError. Selects the Error.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:ERRor:VECTor: INDex? Description This query returns the Error list. This query is not associated with the *RST value. Syntax :CALCulate:DDEMod:ERRor:VECTor:INDex?,XSymbolError|YSymbolError Parameter(s) Error Index: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Selects the Error list.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :CALCulate:DDEMod:ERRor:VECTor: INDex? Response(s) Error List: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the Error list.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce:TYPe Description This command sets the frequency reference. At *RST value, it is set to Internal. Syntax :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce:TYPeINTern al|EXTernal Parameter(s) Source Type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: INTernal|EXTernal. Sets the frequency reference.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce:TYPe? Description This query returns the frequency reference. At *RST value, it is set to Internal. Syntax :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce:TYPe? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Source Type: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the frequency reference. INTernal, Internal is selected as the frequency reference.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMe Description This command sets the Mask Name of the digital demodulator. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMeEVM|Const ellation|Intensity, Parameter(s) Mask Type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: EVM|Constellation|Intensity.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMe? Description This query returns the Mask name of the digital demodulator. This command is not associated with *RST. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:NAMe?EVM|Con stellation|Intensity Parameter(s) Mask Type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: EVM|Constellation|Intensity.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATe Description This command enables and disables the Mask state of the digital demodulator. At *RST value, it is disabled. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATeEVM|Const ellation|Intensity, Parameter(s) Mask Type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: EVM|Constellation|Intensity.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATe? Description This query returns the Mask state of the digital demodulator. At *RST value, it is disabled. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:MASK:STATe?EVM|Con stellation|Intensity Parameter(s) Mask Type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: EVM|Constellation|Intensity. Sets the Mask Type.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPe Description This command sets the filter Type of the of the digital demodulator. At *RST value, it is None . Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPeChebyshev1 |Bessel|Butterworth|None Parameter(s) filter: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: Chebyshev1|Bessel|Butterworth|None.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPe? Description This query returns the filter Type of the of the digital demodulator. At *RST value, it is None . Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:TYPe? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Type: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the Filter type. Chebyshev1, CHEBYSHEV1 is selected as Filter type. Bessel, BESSEL is selected as Filter type.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:CUTFrequency Description This command sets the FilterCutFrequency. At *RST, this value is set to 28 Gbaud or 20 Gbaud. It’s device dependent. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:CUTFrequency< frequency> Parameter(s) frequency: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the FilterCutFrequency.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:CUTFrequency? Description This query returns the FilterCutFrequency. At *RST, this value is set to 28 Gbaud or 20 Gbaud. It’s device dependent. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:CUTFrequency? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) frequency: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the FilterCutFrequency.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer Description This command sets the Filter order of the demodulator. At *RST value, it is set to 3. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer Parameter(s) order : The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the filter order.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer? Description This query returns the Filter order of the demodulator. At *RST value, it is set to 3 Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:FILTer:ORDer? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) order : The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the filter order.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:UPPerbound Description This command sets the measurement for Window Upper bound. At *RST value, it is set to 60 %. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:UPPerbound Parameter(s) percent: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the measurement for Window Upper bound in %.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:UPPerbound? Description This query returns the measurement value for Window Upper bound. At *RST value, it is set to 60 %. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:UPPerbound? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) percent: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the measurement value for Window Upper bound.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:LOWerbound Description This command sets the measurement for Window Lower bound value in %. At *RST value, it is set to 40 %. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:LOWerbound Parameter(s) percent: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the measurement for Window Lower bound value in %.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:LOWerbound? Description This query returns the measurement for Window Lower bound value in %. At *RST value, it is set to 40%. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:LOWerbound? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) percent: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the measurement for Window Lower bound value in %.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:AMPLitude Description This command sets the measurement value for amplitude thresholds. At *RST value, it is set to 20%-80%. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:AMPLitude1090|20-80 Parameter(s) value: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element. The allowed elements for this parameter are: 10-90|20-80.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:AMPLitude? Description This query returns the measurement value for amplitude thresholds. At *RST value, it is set to 20%-80%. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:WINDow:AMPLitude? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) amplitude: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the measurement value for amplitude thresholds.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:SETup Description This command sets the file for the GearBox setup. This command is not associated with the *RST value. Syntax :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:SETup Parameter(s) Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the file for the GearBox setup. 202 Example(s) LINS1:MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:SETup "C:\Gearbox\TEST1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:SETup Description This command sets the file destination for the Gear Box Setup. This command is not associated with the *RST value. Syntax :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:SETup Parameter(s) Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. This command sets the file destination for the Gear Box Setup.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:STReam Description This command sets the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup (string modulation, string gearboxLayout, string fileDestination). This command is not associated with the *RST value.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:STReam DP-APSK, selects DP-APSK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-BPSK, selects DP-BPSKas the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-OOK, selects DP-OOK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-QPSK , selects DP-QPSK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:GEARbox:STReam DualXYStreams, selects DualXYStreams as the Gear box layout for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. nIndividualStreams, selects nIndividualStreams as the Gear box layout for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the file name for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:STReam Description This command sets the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup(string modulation, string gearboxLayout, string fileDestination). This command is not associated with the *RST value.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:STReam DP-APSK, selects DP-APSK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-BPSK, selects DP-BPSKas the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-OOK, selects DP-OOK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. DP-QPSK , selects DP-QPSK as the string modulation format for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:GEARbox:STReam DualXYStreams, selects DualXYStreams as the Gear box layout for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. nIndividualStreams, selects nIndividualStreams as the Gear box layout for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup. Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the file name for the GearBox Stream Alignment Setup.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PTYPe Description This command sets the BitPatternType. *RST it is set to Repetitive Unknown sequence. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PTYPePr bs|Random|RepetitiveUnknown|UserDefinedBi tPattern|UserDefinedSymbolPattern Parameter(s) Bit pattern type: The program data syntax for the first parameter is defined as a element.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PTYPe UserDefinedBitPattern, selects UserDefinedBitPattern as BitPatternType. UserDefinedSymbolPattern, selects UserDefinedSymbolPattern as BitPatternType.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PTYPe? Description This query returns the BitPatternType. At *RST it is set to Repetitive Unknown sequence. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PTYPe? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) Bit pattern type: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns, the BitPatternType. Prbs,Prbs is selected as BitPatternType.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PLENgth Description This command sets the BitPattern Length. At *RST it is set to 127. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PLENgth Parameter(s) pattern length: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the BitPattern Length.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PLENgth? Description This query returns the BitPattern Length. At *RST it is set to 127. Syntax :SENSe:DDEMod:SYNC:SWORd:PLENgth? Parameter(s) None Response Syntax Response(s) pattern length: The response data syntax for is defined as a element. Returns the BitPattern Length.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:LOAD:PATTern Description This command sets the Bit Pattern. This command is not associated with the *RST value. Syntax :MMEMory:LOAD:PATTern Parameter(s) Filename: The program data syntax for is defined as a element. Sets the file path for Bit Pattern. Example(s) LINS1:MMEM:LOAD:PATT "D:\EXFO\PSO-200\test1.osp" See Also MMEM:LOAD:PATT "D:\EXFO\PSO-200\test1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :MMEMory:STORe:PATTern Description This command sets the Bit Pattern. This command is not associated with the *RST value. Syntax 216 Parameter(s) Filename: Example(s) LINS1:MMEM:STOR:PATT "D:\EXFO\PSO-200\test1.osp" See Also MMEM:LOAD:PATT "D:\EXFO\PSO-200\test1.osp" MMEM:STOR:PATT "D:\EXFO\PSO-200\test1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:LEARnpattern Description This command enables the “Waveform estimation phase tracking” signal processing algorithm (as in the Analysis tab of the Acquisition Settings dialog box). At *RST the value is set to OFF.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:LEARnpattern? Description This query enables the “Waveform estimation phase tracking” signal processing algorithm (as in the Analysis tab of the Acquisition Settings dialog box). At *RST the value is set to OFF.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce: PHASecalibration Description This command sets the “Enable pulse source calibration” option (as in the General tab of the Acquisition Settings dialog box). This option is available when an external source is used as local oscillator. It attempts to adjust the source’s phase shift. At *RST it is set to ON.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:ROSCillator:SOURce: PHASecalibration? Description This query returns the value of “Enable pulse source calibration” option (as in the General tab of the Acquisition Settings dialog box). This option is available when an external source is used as local oscillator. It attempts to adjust the source’s phase shift. At *RST it is set to ON.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:FREQuency Description .This command sets the signal frequency or wavelength. The signal spectrum needs to be within the receiver spectrum, otherwise the constellation chart might be distorted and noisy, or even not visible at all. The range is from 191.5 to 196.25. At *RST this value is set to 193.1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:FREQuency? Description This query returns the signal frequency or wavelength. The signal spectrum needs to be within the receiver spectrum, otherwise the constellation chart might be distorted and noisy, or even not visible at all. he range is from 191.5 to 196.25. At *RST this value is set to 193.1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:OFFSet Description This command sets an offset value of up to half the channel. The range is from -12 GHZ to 12 GHZ. At *RST this value is set to 0.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:OFFSet? Description This query returns an offset value of up to half the channel. The range is from -12 GHZ to 12 GHZ. At *RST this value is set to 0.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh Description This command controls the speed of the IF tracking algorithm and corresponds to the signal source's linewidth. The range is from 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz. At *RST this value is set to 0.1. Syntax Parameter(s) Width: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh 2 See Also SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL 10.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh? Description This query returns the speed of the IF tracking algorithm and corresponds to the signal source's linewidth. The range is from 0.1 MHz to 5 MHz. At *RST this value is set to 0.1 Syntax Parameter(s) None Response Syntax 226 Response(s) Width: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh 2 LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:WIDTh? Returns 2 See Also SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL 10.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES Description This command sets time resolution. The range is from 1 ps to 10 ps. At *RST this value is set to 1. Syntax Parameter(s) Value: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES 1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES? Description This query returns the time resolution. The range is from 1 ps to 10 ps. At *RST this value is set to 1. Syntax Parameter(s) None Response Syntax 228 Response(s) Value: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES 1.2 LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:AVERage:RES? Returns 1.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:ENABle Description This command sets the chromatic dispersion in the signal. This command also activates the averaging. If averaging is deactivated, this algorithm is also deactivated. At *RST this value is set to OFF.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:ENABle? Description This query returns the chromatic dispersion in the signal. This command also activates the averaging. If averaging is deactivated, this algorithm is also deactivated. At *RST this value is set to OFF.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL Description This command sets the chromatic dispersion value. The range is from -999 ps/nm to 999 ps/nm. At *RST this value is set to 0. Syntax Parameter(s) Value: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL 10.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL? Description This query returns the chromatic dispersion value. The range is from -999 ps/nm to 999 ps/nm. At *RST this value is set to 0. Syntax Parameter(s) None Response Syntax 232 Response(s) Value: Example(s) LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL 10.21 LINS1:SENSe:DDEMod:CDIS:VAL? Returns 10.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:ENCoding Description This command sets the format of the bit.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:SIGNal:ENCoding? Description This query returns the format of the bit.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:DEMX Description This command sets the status of Polarization demultiplexing algorithm. At *RST this value is set to ON.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:DEMX? Description This query returns the status of Polarization demultiplexing algorithm. At *RST this value is set to ON.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:IFAL Description This command sets the Intermediate Frequency Recovery. At *RST this value is set to Enabled.
SCPI Commands Reference Product-Specific Commands—Description :SENSe:DDEMod:IFAL? Description This query returns the Intermediate Frequency Recovery. At *RST this value is set to Enabled.
C Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Coherent Detection Coherent receivers are sensitive to the optical field of the detected (data) signal, and hence can be utilized to receive signals modulated in amplitude, phase, and/or frequency. Coherent receivers include a local oscillator (LO), which is a CW reference signal that beats with the data signal on the photodetector. The LO can either have the same frequency as the optical carrier, known as homodyne detection, or a frequency offset from the carrier.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Sampling Methods Thus, the detected signals correspond to the I and Q axes in the signal space. The equation above is valid for co-polarized signal and LO. In order for the coherent receiver to be polarization independent, a second (identical) branch handles the orthogonal state of polarization (SOP). In order to retrieve E s(t) and s(t), the IF must be tracked and removed from the measured signal, which is carried out with advanced signal processing.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Sampling Methods Real-Time Sampling Real-time sampling means that a signal is acquired with high-speed sampling in order to track the instantaneous amplitude variations. Real-time sampling enables measurements of single events and transitions, but requires high-speed electronics, since accurate reconstruction of a digitized signal requires a sampling rate that exceeds twice the signal bandwidth, as dictated by the Nyquist criterion.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods PSO-200 Principles of Operation The sampling is usually conducted by sequential sampling with precise control of the sampling instant, or by random sampling that builds up the measured signal from the asynchronous relation between the signal and sampling frequency. The signal is reconstructed by repositioning the time-stamped samples on a correct (equivalent-) time position.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods PSO-200 Principles of Operation When the LO pulses overlap the input signal, mixing occurs, and optical samples are generated. These samples are detected, captured in an ADC in long batches, processed, and finally displayed, for example in the form of a constellation chart. The sampling frequency is determined by the pulse repetition frequency (fs=1/T) of the LO pulse source, whereas the resolution of the sampling gate is determined by the LO pulse width (t).
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Signal Processing Algorithms Signal Processing Algorithms The signal processing algorithms of the PSO-200 reconstruct the waveform of the signal under test from the set of four parallel data streams acquired by the data acquisition card.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Signal Processing Algorithms Polarization Demultiplexing The polarization-diversity scheme employed in the PSO-200 makes it polarization independent for single-polarization transmission (even if the SOP of the signal varies in time), but it may also be applied to polarization-multiplexed (also referred to as “dual polarization” - DP) transmission, where the software can separate the two orthogonal SOPs (X and Y) and display the corresponding two constellation charts.
Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods Signal Processing Algorithms To reconstruct the correct time base, you must input the symbol rate to the system. A software-based clock recovery algorithm then “time stamps” each of the acquired optical samples. In this way, amplitude and phase eye diagrams having very low timing jitter are measured. Intermediate Frequency (IF) Recovery The detected signal can conveniently be visualized in a constellation chart via the I and Q signals.
D Modulation Schemes This appendix describes modulation schemes supported by the PSO-200. All formats can be RZ (pulse carved) or NRZ. The pulse carver is usually placed after the data modulator, and synchronized with the symbol rate. Hence, when a pulse carver is used, it does not affect the constellation points, but only the transitions, since the power goes down to zero between each symbol. As an example, the table in this section shows QPSK with (RZ) and without (NRZ) pulse carving.
Modulation Schemes For simplicity purposes, transitions corresponding to higher-order formats are not illustrated here. The symbol mapping, {B3,B2,B1,B0}'{I,Q}), depends on the specific implementation, and there are several possible implementations for most modulation formats. The PSO-200 default implementation and mapping of each modulation is shown in the table below.
Modulation Schemes Modulation Bits/ Constellation Format Symbol Chart QPSK 2 NRZ: Default Implementation NRZ: X0 MZM MZM π/2 X1 RZ: Mapping B1 B0 I I Q 0 0 -1 -1 Q 0 1 1 -1 1 0 -1 1 1 1 1 1 RZ: X0 I MZM MZM π/2 X1 MZM Q Carving APSK 3 X0 I MZM MZM X1 π/2 MZM Q X2 Optical Modulation Analyzer B2 B1 B0 I Q 0 0 0 -2.414 -2.414 0 0 1 -1 -1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2.414 2.414 1 0 0 2.414 -2.414 1 0 1 1 -1 1 1 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -2.414 2.
Modulation Schemes Modulation Bits/ Constellation Format Symbol Chart 16-QAM 4 Default Implementation X0 I MZM MZM π/2 X1 X2 Attn X3 250 I MZM MZM Q π/2 Q Mapping B3 B2 B1 B0 I Q 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 .333 -1 0 0 1 0 -1 .333 0 0 1 1 .333 .333 0 1 0 0 -.333 -1 0 1 0 1 1 -1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 .333 1 0 0 0 -1 -.333 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 1 .333 1 1 1 0 0 -.333 -.333 1 1 0 1 1 -.333 1 1 1 0 -.
E Measurement Definitions Measurements follow the conventional measurement definitions from the telecommunications industry. They are based on different histograms obtained from the acquired samples of the signal under test. For “constellation” measurements, the measurement procedure is conducted on the time-less constellation graph, whereas for “Eye” measurements, it is conducted on graphs displaying the acquired signal vs. time, and is always conducted based on eye diagrams of the signal.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Measurements for Constellation Charts Constellation chart measurements refer to parameters based on signal properties associated with the time-less vector analysis in I and Q space. The constellation vector analysis is described below, where measured samples of the symbol center are assigned a vector.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Error Vector Magnitude The deviation of an acquired signal sample and its ideal position1 in the constellation chart according to the modulation format can be computed as the magnitude of the corresponding error vector (red), and referred to as the error vector magnitude (EVM): r(n) EVM(n) = S meas(n) – S ref where n is the sample index of the N symbol center samples from the acquired waveform.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Phase Error The phase error (EP) describes the deviation of phase from the ideal reference vector, illustrated in the graph.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Quadrature-Phase Error The quadrature-phase error (EQ) is the rms deviation of the Q component of the error vector, denoted Q in the graph. It is calculated according to: EQ rms = 1 ---N r(n) 2 N n = 1 Qmeas(n) – Qref 100 %rms given in percent to the magnitude of the longest reference vector. IQ Offset The IQ offset measures the signal constellation DC offset from origin of the constellation chart.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Quadrature Error Quadrature error appears when the I and Q channels are not operating precisely at 90 degrees relative to each other. The quadrature error is referenced to the average vector of the demodulated symbols: r S avg 1 r -- I avg N = r = 1 -- Q avg N- N n = 1 Imeas(n) N n = 1 Qmeas(n) where r =1..M (for M level signals) refers to the related symbol of the normalized measured I and Q component.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Constellation Charts Signal-To-Noise Ratio The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computed in the constellation is the ratio of the symbol amplitudes over the two-dimensional noise distribution. The presented value is the average SNR of all symbols, r = 1..M, according to 1 SNR = 10 log ----M I r 2 + Q r 2 avg avg -------------------------------------- dB 2 2 I + Q r = 1 M where I,Q is the standard deviation of the Imeas and Qmeas, respectively.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Measurements for Eye Diagrams Eye diagram measurements refer to measurements conducted in time-domain graphs primarily on I, Q tributaries (when measurements are conducted on the magnitude or intensity of the signal, this is specified in the definitions).
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Contrast Ratio The contrast ratio (CR) is only defined for RZ formats as the ratio between the one level and the level between the pulses in the magnitude graph, that is CR = E one E contrast . One level Contrast level Crossing The crossing percentage (NRZ formats only) is a measure of the location of the eye crossing points relative to the separation between the one and zero levels.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Duty Cycle The duty cycle is defined only for RZ formats as the ratio between the pulse width (read at 50 % of the one level) and the pulse repetition time. Pulse width Pulse repetition time Duty Cycle Distortion The duty cycle distortion (DCD) is a measurement of the time separation of the rising and falling edge of the eye at the center (50 %) level.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Extinction Ratio The extinction ratio (ER) of an eye diagram is only defined for NRZ (OOK) signals and is the ratio between the one level and the zero level in magnitude. It is defined as: E one – E dark ER = -------------------------------- E zero – E dark Eye Amplitude The eye amplitude (EA) is defined as the difference between the one and zero levels according to: EA = E one – E zero given in percent to the highest level in the eye diagram.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Pulse Width The pulse width measurement only applies to RZ formats. From a thin horizontal histogram at the 50 % threshold between the one and zero levels the mean crossing points determine the pulse width. It is measured in the magnitude graph of the signal. Pulse width Trise,center Tfall,center Eye Width The eye width is a measurement of the horizontal opening of the eye.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Rise Time and Fall Time Rise time: delay between the times where the slope transits through the 20 % and up to the 80 % thresholds. Fall time: delay between the transit times through the 80 % level down to the 20 % level. Magnitude In-phase/Quadrature phase Rise time Rise time Note: The 20-80 % thresholds can be changed in the Optical Modulation Analyzer application (see Setting Analysis Parameters on page 22).
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams Timing Jitter Magnitude In-phase/Quadrature phase The timing jitter of an eye diagram is a measurement of the variance in time locations of the crossing point. Horizontal time histograms are constructed, and the histogram having the smallest variance determines the crossing point.
Measurement Definitions Measurements for Eye Diagrams IQ Skew The IQ skew is the time difference between I and Q tributaries of the signal for each polarization.
Index Index 16-QAM .................................................... 250 20%-80% thresholds ................................. 263 A AC requirements ........................................... 8 acquisition clearing data.......................................... 34 export data from ................................. 113 file ......................................................... 49 information ..................................... 20, 50 playback ................................................
Index chart, constellation ..................................... 41 chebyshev filter ........................................... 76 chromatic dispersion unwrapping......... 16, 74 class, laser ............................................. 5, 131 cleaning EUI connectors..................................... 117 fiber ends .............................................. 10 front panel .......................................... 117 clearing acquisition data .............................
Index EVM calculation ........................................... 253 diagram of............................................. 46 mask ...................................................... 64 Excel.......................................................... 113 EXFO universal interface. see EUI exit application............................................ 12 exporting data..................................... 24, 113 external source.............................................. 13, 27 trigger ................
Index I I/Q eye diagram........................................... 44 icon, application.......................................... 12 identification label .................................... 123 identification of acquisition......................... 20 IF definition of......................................... 239 recovery ................................... 24, 72, 246 tracking ................................................. 14 imbalance gain ..................................................... 254 XY..
Index M magnitude error .................................................... 253 error vector. see EVM eye diagram........................................... 45 main window layout ................................... 39 maintenance EUI connectors..................................... 117 front panel........................................... 117 general information............................. 117 mapping, transmitter ................................ 247 markers, graph........................................
Index pattern bit.......................................................... 16 diagram ................................................. 47 length .................................................. 131 mask................................................ 22, 64 reconstruction ....................................... 47 synchronization ..................................... 14 user-defined .......................................... 16 peak-to-peak timing jitter .........................
Index remote control commands........................................... 133 indicator .................................................. 2 locking unit............................................ 31 repairing unit ................................................ 7 repetitive bit pattern ................................... 16 requirements, system ................................ 109 results table................................................. 56 return merchandise authorization (RMA) ..
Index T V tables copy to clipboard................................. 114 measurement......................................... 56 tabs ............................................................. 39 technical specifications ............................. 131 technical support ...................................... 123 temperature .................................................. 8 temperature for storage............................ 117 text, export as ...........................................
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