User Guide FTB-5500B PMD Analyzer for FTB-500
Copyright © 2003–2009 EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, be it electronically, mechanically, or by any other means such as photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. (EXFO). Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable.
Contents Contents Certification Information ....................................................................................................... vi 1 Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer ......... 1 Main Features .........................................................................................................................1 Typical Applications ................................................................................................................
Contents 6 Managing Results .......................................................................................43 Customizing Graph View ......................................................................................................43 Viewing Acquisition Results and Information .......................................................................44 Removing Unwanted Results ................................................................................................49 Viewing Statistics ...
Contents B Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources ........................................... 103 Compliance Criteria ............................................................................................................103 Uncertainty Formula ...........................................................................................................105 Index ..............................................................................................................
Certification Information Certification Information F.C.C. Information Electronic test equipment is exempt from Part 15 compliance (FCC) in the United States. However, compliance verification tests are systematically performed on most EXFO equipment. Information Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union. The EN61326 standard prescribes both emission and immunity requirements for laboratory, measurement, and control equipment.
Certification Information DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Application of Council Directive(s): Manufacturer’s Name: Manufacturer’s Address: Equipment Type/Environment: Trade Name/Model No.: 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive 2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive And their amendments EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc.
1 Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Main Features Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is the dispersion of light propagating along a fiber or through a device due to the birefringence property of the material.
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Typical Applications The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer is a complete PMD analyzer system. It measures PMD using the internationally recognized interferometric method. The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer averages PMD over the complete source wavelength range without any filtering, leaving all the source power for PMD measurement. The full dynamic range remains available to test long fiber spans.
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory The dispersion phenomenon is described as a number of non-intensity-dependant physical occurrences resulting directly in signal loss (pulse spreading or time jitter in a digital system; distortion in an analog system). PMD is an important type of signal dispersion.
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory In a long fiber, numerous mode-coupling events occur along the fiber length, so that light emerging from the output end is the superposition of a number of pulses with different delays.
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Basic Polarization Mode Dispersion Theory It is essential to keep in mind that DGD fluctuates in time and can be either smaller or larger than its rms value or PMD. This results in a statistical probability that a pulse (information bit) is broadened, and leads to the eventual impaired ability of the receiver to efficiently decode the information.
Introducing the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Conventions Conventions Before using the product described in this manual, you should understand the following conventions: WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you understand and meet the required conditions. CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
2 Safety Information WARNING Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active. Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are protected at all times. WARNING Use of controls, adjustments and procedures for operation and maintenance other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure or impair the protection provided by this unit. Your instrument is a Class 1 laser product in compliance with standards IEC60825-1: 2001, 2007 and 21CFR1040.10.
3 Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Inserting and Removing Test Modules CAUTION Never insert or remove a module while the FTB-500 is turned on. This will result in immediate and irreparable damage to both the module and unit. WARNING When the laser safety LED ( ) is flashing on the FTB-500, at least one of your modules is emitting an optical signal. Please check all modules, as it might not be the one you are currently using. To insert a module into the FTB-500: 1.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Inserting and Removing Test Modules 3. Take the module and place it so that the connector pins are at the back, as explained and shown below. Identification sticker must be facing up and connector pins at the right of the retaining screw hole. Retaining screw hole at the back Connector pins at the back FTB-500 right panel Identification sticker facing up Protruding edges on top 4.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Inserting and Removing Test Modules 7. While applying slight pressure to the module, turn the retaining screw clockwise until it is tightened. This will secure the module into its “seated” position. Turn retaining screw knob clockwise FTB-500 left panel When you turn on the unit, the startup sequence will automatically detect the module.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Inserting and Removing Test Modules To remove a module from the FTB-500: 1. Exit ToolBox and turn off your unit. 2. Position the FTB-500 so that the left panel is facing you. 3. Turn the retaining screw counterclockwise until it stops. The module will be slowly released from the slot. Turn retaining screw knob(s) counterclockwise FTB-500 left panel 4. Place the FTB-500 so that the right panel is facing you.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Inserting and Removing Test Modules 5. Hold the module by its sides or by the handle (NOT by the connector) and pull it out.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer module can be configured and controlled from its dedicated ToolBox application. Note: For details about ToolBox, refer to the FTB-500 user guide. To start the application: 1. From the main window, select the module to use.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application The main window (shown below) contains all the commands required to control the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer: Zoom controls Export controls Title bar Start/Stop button Data display Function buttons Status bar Power level indicator Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Measurement selector Threshold indicator specifies if measurement exceeded value or not 15
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Starting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Application Data Display The data display section shows both a graph and a table of results. The graph presents a signal intensity trace as a function of delay. The table presents information and results related to the measurement specified in the measurement selector.
Getting Started with Your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Exiting the Application Status Bar The status bar, located at the bottom of the main window, identifies the operational status of the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. Control mode Local: Module controlled locally only. Remote: Module controlled remotely, but local commands can also be used (some products only). Lockout: Module controlled remotely only.
4 Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer The many features of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer are controlled by the Windows-compatible ToolBox software. Please refer to the FTB-500 user guide for information regarding the FTB-500. Defining the Automatic Fiber Name Format Each time you make a new acquisition, the fiber name changes automatically according to a pattern you will have previously defined.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to specify PMD and coefficient values that will be used to determine whether the results are as expected or if they exceed the specified limits. Note: You cannot modify or delete the predefined thresholds provided with your Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. To add a new threshold: 1.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds 2. From the PMD Value panel, click Add. OR From the PMD Coefficient panel, click Add. Current threshold values (preceded by bullets) 3. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold that has just been added. OR From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold that has just been added. 4. Fill in the Name and Value boxes according to your needs.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds To modify an existing threshold: 1. From the button bar, click Setup. 2. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold to be modified. OR From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold to be modified. 3. Modify the contents of the Name and Value boxes according to your needs.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds To delete an existing threshold: 1. From the button bar, click Setup. 2. From the PMD Value list, select the threshold to be deleted. OR From the PMD Coefficient list, select the threshold to be deleted. 3. Click Delete. To return to the main window: From the button bar, click Exit Setup.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Acquisition Parameters Setting Acquisition Parameters Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to perform both single and multiple acquisitions on fibers. Regardless of the type of acquisition you choose, you must define the parameters that will be taken into account during the measurements. Parameters are kept in memory even after turning off the FTB-500.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Acquisition Parameters Parameter Results storage Details Offers the following possibilities: ³ Keep Files in Memory allows you to temporarily store the results in memory for data processing purposes (for example, statistics). However, the more files in memory, the slower the application will be. You may prefer to save results automatically and to process them later.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Acquisition Parameters To set the acquisition parameters: 1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab. 2. From the Fiber Parameters panel, set the fiber length, the fiber type and the wavelength. IMPORTANT Ensure that the selected wavelength (bandwidth) is compatible with the wavelength that will be used for your light source.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Acquisition Parameters 3. From the Measurement Parameters panel, select the PMD Threshold and/or Coefficient Threshold list to set the PMD and/or coefficient values. Note: If you want to modify the contents of PMD Threshold or Coefficient Threshold boxes, see Customizing PMD Value and Coefficient Thresholds on page 20. 4. Set the data storage parameters. The parameters that you have just set will be used when you make a new acquisition.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber The multiple-measurement mode allows you to make multiple acquisitions on the same fiber by defining the number of measurements and the delay between them. The left part of the status bar indicates the time left until the next measurement. Results obtained for a specific fiber can be stored in the same file or in distinct files.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber To prepare for multiple acquisitions on a fiber: 1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab. 2. Set the general acquisition parameters as explained in Setting Acquisition Parameters on page 24. 3. From the Measurement Parameters panel, select Use Multiple-Measurements Mode. 4. From the Measurement Parameters panel, click Setup to set the parameters.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Preparing for Multiple Acquisitions on a Fiber ³ In the Measurement Count box, specify the number of measurements the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer will take on the same fiber. ³ In the Measurement Interval boxes (h, m, s), specify the delay between each measurement. ³ If you want the application to prompt you when an error occurs, from the displayed dialog box, select the Show Error Message After Measurement check box.
Setting Up the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Averaging Measurements Averaging Measurements When you need extreme precision, you can add one polarization scrambler at the source output port and one at the receiver input port and use the averaging-measurements mode. This testing mode will average the interferometric envelops at several states of polarization, which allows very precise measurements.
5 Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers IMPORTANT To ensure maximum power and to avoid erroneous readings: ³ Always inspect fiber ends and make sure that they are clean as explained below before inserting them into the port. EXFO is not responsible for damage or errors caused by bad fiber cleaning or handling. ³ Ensure that your patchcord has appropriate connectors. Joining mismatched connectors will damage the ferrules.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers 3. Carefully align the connector and port to prevent the fiber end from touching the outside of the port or rubbing against other surfaces. If your connector features a key, ensure that it is fully fitted into the port’s corresponding notch. 4. Push the connector in so that the fiber-optic cable is firmly in place, thus ensuring adequate contact.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) The EUI fixed baseplate is available for connectors with angled (APC) or non-angled (UPC) polishing. A green border around the baseplate indicates that it is for APC-type connectors. Green border indicates APC option Bare metal (or blue border) indicates UPC option To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate: 1.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Up Hardware for Measurements Setting Up Hardware for Measurements To measure PMD with the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer, EXFO recommends that you use the FLS-110P Light Source or the FLS-5800 CD/PMD Analyzer Source, which will provide you a larger dynamic range. If you intend to use a third-party light source, see Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources on page 103.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Up Hardware for Measurements To set up hardware for measurements using the FLS-110P Light Source: 1. Clean and verify the quality of the connectors being used. 2. Connect the device under test (DUT) as shown below. PMD DUT FTB-5500B 3. Turn on the FLS-110P unit. 4. Press CW to ensure that it is emitting in CW mode.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Setting Up Hardware for Measurements 5. If applicable, select the C bandwidth. 6. If the FLS-110 Light Source supply indicator flashes, press auto off to deactivate the Auto Off mode. If this mode remains enabled, the light source could stop emitting during the test. 7. Turn the source on. 8. Press high to select the highest output power. The HIGH LED lights up. Note: The low output power can be used but the accuracy of the PMD will be affected.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Acquiring Traces Acquiring Traces The Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to acquire single or multiple traces on a specific fiber. The results are displayed after each acquisition, which means that, in the multiple measurement mode, if you enter five as the number of acquisitions to be performed, the graph and grid content will be updated five times with new results.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Acquiring Traces When the measurement is complete, the new PMD results are displayed both in the graph and in the grid.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Performing a Null Measurement Performing a Null Measurement This feature allows you to perform an offset nulling of your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. During this operation, no light should reach the detector port of the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. The very first time you insert an FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer into the FTB-500, the application will prompt you for a nulling.
Operating the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer Viewing the Input Power Level Viewing the Input Power Level The power level indicator is a visual aid to estimate the incoming signal intensity as detected at the input port. The indicator remains visible at all times at the bottom of the screen, except during acquisitions. To ensure more accurate readings of the power level, EXFO recommends that you perform a nulling first (see Performing a Null Measurement on page 41).
6 Managing Results Your FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to work with two types of results: ³ Newly acquired results ³ Results loaded from existing files It also offers customizing, saving, export and printing features based on these results. Customizing Graph View With the provided tools, you can zoom in on specific areas of the graph (displayed in the main window Results tab) to have a better view.
Managing Results Viewing Acquisition Results and Information To view specific portions of the graph: ³ Select the desired type of zoom that will be applied when you will press on the FTB-500 screen (or click on the graph with your mouse). ³ Select the desired mode (pan, zoom type, etc.).
Managing Results Viewing Acquisition Results and Information Reloading Existing Files You can reload existing files without losing the current results and information. To reload an existing file: 1. From the button bar, click Storage and click Open. A standard Open dialog box is displayed, allowing you to select the desired file. Note: You can speed up file selection by selecting several files at the same time. 2. When you are done, from the displayed dialog box, click Open to load the files. 3.
Managing Results Viewing Acquisition Results and Information Viewing Results The application presents a graph and a results grid containing details on the specified measurement. It also offers a general view of both current results and reloaded files. In the general view window, you can find a legend of the symbols used to identify the measurement status. Many devices designed to measure PMD are based on the interferometric method.
Managing Results Viewing Acquisition Results and Information 2. From the provided dialog box, select the desired measurement. Click Select to confirm your choice or Cancel to discard the changes. The graph and the grid are automatically updated accordingly. Since the application displays only one result at a time, if you want distinct fibers to be considered as sections of a single fiber, use the linking feature (see Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber on page 54).
Managing Results Viewing Acquisition Results and Information To display an overall view of the results: From the button bar, click Storage. All the current results and open files are listed. Measurement status Legend button Click Legend to display the list of the symbols used. If you want to modify the information of a specific measurement, see Documenting Results on page 58.
Managing Results Removing Unwanted Results Removing Unwanted Results When a problem occurs, such as a fiber break, you may want to remove the corresponding erroneous measurement. This could be useful to avoid distorting results and statistics. Note: You can only remove measurements (not fibers). IMPORTANT If you remove all measurements from a specific file (represented by a ), this file will be deleted automatically from the hard disk of your FTB-500.
Managing Results Removing Unwanted Results To remove unwanted results: 1. From the button bar, click Storage. 2. From the provided list, select the measurement to be removed and click Remove. 3. A confirmation message will be displayed. Click Yes to confirm. 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for each measurement you want to remove. The removal will only be effective if you save the changes (see Saving Results Files on page 63).
Managing Results Viewing Statistics Viewing Statistics The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer offers two types of statistics: ³ Single fiber: based on measurements from a specific fiber ³ Multiple fiber: based on measurements from one or many fibers The provided values include mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum results for PMD value, as well as coefficient.
Managing Results Viewing Statistics To view statistics for a single fiber: 1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage. 2. From the main window, click the Tools tab. Click Single-Fiber Statistics. Statistics for the first fiber on the list appears in the grid.
Managing Results Viewing Statistics To view statistics for multiple fibers: 1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage. 2. Click the Tools tab. Select Multiple-Fiber Statistics. Statistics based on all the fibers on the list appears in the grid.
Managing Results Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to link distinct fibers so that you can view PMD value and coefficient exactly as if they were sections of a single fiber. This is useful in cases where a long fiber cannot be tested directly from one end to the other. The application gives information about length, PMD value and coefficient as well as the number of sections in the new fiber.
Managing Results Linking Distinct Fibers to a Single Fiber 2. From the main window, click the Tools tab. Select Make Link. Information based on all the fibers on the list appears in the grid. Results and information based on all selected fibers Selected fibers Measurements associated with highlighted fiber You can specify which fibers must be taken into account by selecting or clearing the corresponding boxes from the selected fibers list.
Managing Results Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers It is possible to merge data taken from distinct files into a single file by selecting the desired fibers. Creating this new file does not affect the original files, unless you explicitly ask to overwrite one of the files. To create a new result file: 1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage.
Managing Results Creating New Result Files with Selected Fibers For each fiber, you can also specify which measurements must be included in statistics. Simply select the desired fiber to display the related measurements and select or clear the corresponding measurement boxes. The Select All button allows you to quickly select all the boxes. The Select Valid button selects all the measurements that do not exceed the specified thresholds. 3. From the Tools tab, click Build File. 4.
Managing Results Documenting Results Documenting Results For easier management, you may want to add comments and information about the tests that are performed. It is possible to include general and specific information. General information concerns jobs, receiver and source. Specific information is related to files, fibers and measurements. This information could be included later in reports or in exported ASCII files.
Managing Results Documenting Results 3. To specify which test must be documented, select any measurement related to this test using the measurement selector. 3 Measurement selector 2 4. Click Notepad to access the documentation window. Results documentation indicator 5. Fill in the boxes according to your needs. When you are done, click Exit Notepad.
Managing Results Documenting Results To add specific information: 1. From the button bar, click Storage. Ensure that the results you intend to use are displayed on the list. When you are done, click Exit Storage. 2. Select the item you wish to document with the measurement selector and click the Measurement Information button to access the documentation window.
Managing Results Documenting Results 3. Fill in the boxes according to your needs. Information associated with selected item IMPORTANT Except for comments, all the information that you set for a measurement will be automatically applied to other measurements associated with the same fiber. The modifications will only be effective if you save them (see Saving Results Files on page 63). If you want to discard the changes, simply answer “No” when the application will prompt you to save the file.
Managing Results Defining a Template for Test Information Defining a Template for Test Information It is possible to define a template that will be used to fill the general information boxes of all new tests. This way, you can simply make a few changes instead of having to fill in each box manually. To define a template for test information: 1. From the main window, click the Parameters tab. 2. Click Notepad to access the documentation window. Template mode indicator 3.
Managing Results Saving Results Files Saving Results Files Results files can be saved automatically after each measurement (see Setting Acquisition Parameters on page 24) or manually when the need arises (current file or all open files). Note: Full customization of file names is only possible when saving files manually, one file at a time. Note: If former results have not been saved yet, the application prompts you to save them before starting a new test.
Managing Results Exporting Results and Graphs Exporting Results and Graphs The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer offers you the possibility of quickly building your own reports by copying results and graphs to the clipboard. Afterwards, the content of the clipboard can be pasted onto a word-processor document of your choice. Graphs are exported exactly as you see them on the screen (zoom factor and display are kept) except for background.
Managing Results Exporting Results and Graphs To export results to clipboard: 1. From the main window Results tab, use the measurement selector to specify which measurement must be displayed. Measurement selector 2. Click Copy Results. 3. Paste the content of the clipboard onto a word processor document, for example.
Managing Results Exporting Results and Graphs To export graphs to clipboard: 1. From the main window Results tab, use the measurement selector to specify which measurement must be displayed. Measurement selector 2. Adjust graph display to your needs. For more information, see Customizing Graph View on page 43. 3. Click Copy Graph. 4. Paste the content of the clipboard onto a word processor document, for example.
Managing Results Customizing Reports Customizing Reports The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer provides many report types that are used for printing. For each type of report, you can specify which information must be included in your document. To set up report parameters: 1. From the button bar, click Print.
Managing Results Customizing Reports 2. From the Setup tab, customize the report to suit your needs. ³ You can customize the title by entering it in the Report Title box. ³ You can also add a logo by using the Browse button. ³ Select the boxes corresponding to the information you want to see in your report and clear those you do not want to see. 3. When you are done, from the button bar, click Exit Print. The report parameters are automatically saved for future use.
Managing Results Printing Data Printing Data The FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer allows you to preview and to print reports containing the test results or statistics from Microsoft Internet Explorer. For information on how to modify report templates, see Customizing Reports on page 67. To preview or print a report: 1. From the button bar, click Print.
Managing Results Printing Data 2. From the Print tab, select the desired report type. Note: If you do not customize the graph appearance, it will be presented with the default settings (no zoom factor). Note: Graphs only appear in reports if you select the Measurements Report option. Select which items must be included. The table below gives you more information on possible selections. If you have selected... Measurements Specify...
Managing Results Printing Data If you have selected... Fibers Specify... Which fibers must be included in the report by selecting the corresponding boxes. You can also click Select All or Deselect All to quickly select or clear all boxes at the same time. Statistics No fiber or measurement selection can be made from the current window. You can select the fibers you want to include, but not the individual measurements. Link No fiber or measurement selection can be made from the current window.
Managing Results Closing Result Files Closing Result Files For easier result management, you may want to close the result files manually. Note: You do not need to close files manually before exiting the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer application. You will be prompted if some result files have not been saved. To close files: 1. From the button bar, click Storage, and click: ³ Close to close only the current file. ³ Close All to close all open files at the same time. 2.
7 Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter The File Converter tool has been designed to export PMD files to specific formats: ³ From PMD-5500 files to PMD-5500B files (allows to load files created with former PMD Analyzer) ³ From PMD-5500 files to ASCII files ³ From PMD-5500B files to ASCII files You can also fully customize the contents of the generated files by exporting only the information you need.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Starting and Exiting the File Converter Starting and Exiting the File Converter To start the converter: ³ From ToolBox, click the Applications tab. Click PMD File ImportExport. OR ³ 74 From the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer application, click the Storage button. Click Converter.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Starting and Exiting the File Converter The File Converter main window is displayed. Files to be exported Function tabs Information about the export process To exit the converter: ³ Click (in the top right corner of the main window). ³ Click the Exit button located at the bottom of the function bar.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Setting Export Parameters Setting Export Parameters Before exporting data from one format to another, you must define: ³ Which information must be exported: You can export general test information (fiber ID, thresholds, PMD value, etc.) as well as points from the acquired traces. This is particularly useful if you intend to build your own graphs using Microsoft Excel, for instance.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Setting Export Parameters 3. If you selected a conversion to the ASCII format, from the Settings function tab, select all the boxes corresponding to the information you want to export. Note: If you select Interferometric Envelope, all points acquired during the test will be exported. 4. From the Export Folder panel, click the Browse button to specify in which folder the exported files will be stored.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Exporting PMD Files Exporting PMD Files Once the export parameters are set, you are now ready to start exporting PMD files. Files that cannot be exported (for example, corrupt files) will be skipped and their export status will change to “Failed”. IMPORTANT To avoid errors during file export, ensure that all the files you intend to use are closed.
Exporting PMD Files with the File Converter Exporting PMD Files 5. Select the files. 5a. From the Files to Export panel, click Add. A standard Open dialog box is displayed, allowing you to choose the desired file(s). Note: You can speed up file selection by selecting several files at the same time. 5b. When you are done, click Open to transfer the files to the list. You can remove a specific file by selecting it and clicking Remove. If you want to quickly empty the list, click Remove All. 6.
8 Maintenance To help ensure long, trouble-free operation: ³ Always inspect fiber-optic connectors before using them and clean them if necessary. ³ Keep the unit free of dust. ³ Clean the unit casing and front panel with a cloth slightly dampened with water. ³ Store unit at room temperature in a clean and dry area. Keep the unit out of direct sunlight. ³ Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations. ³ Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations.
Maintenance Cleaning Fixed Connectors Cleaning Fixed Connectors Regular cleaning of connectors will help maintain optimum performance. Do not try to disassemble the unit. Doing so would break the connector. To clean fixed connectors: 1. Fold a lint-free wiping cloth in four to form a square. 2. Moisten the center of the lint-free wiping cloth with only one drop of isopropyl alcohol. IMPORTANT Alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly.
Maintenance Cleaning Fixed Connectors 6. Moisten a cleaning tip (2.5 mm tip) with only one drop of isopropyl alcohol. IMPORTANT Alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly. Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the cleaning tip, and do not use bottles that distribute too much alcohol at a time. 7. Slowly insert the cleaning tip into the connector until it reaches the ferrule inside (a slow clockwise rotating movement may help). 8 7 9 8. Gently turn the cleaning tip one full turn. 9.
Maintenance Cleaning EUI Connectors Cleaning EUI Connectors Regular cleaning of EUI connectors will help maintain optimum performance. There is no need to disassemble the unit. IMPORTANT If any damage occurs to internal connectors, the module casing will have to be opened and a new calibration will be required. To clean EUI connectors: 1. Remove the EUI from the instrument to expose the connector baseplate and ferrule. Turn Pull Push 2. Moisten a 2.
Maintenance Cleaning EUI Connectors 5. Repeat steps 3 to 4 with a dry cleaning tip. Note: Make sure you don’t touch the soft end of the cleaning tip. 6. Clean the ferrule in the connector port as follows: 6a. Deposit one drop of isopropyl alcohol on a lint-free wiping cloth. IMPORTANT Isopropyl alcohol may leave residues if used abundantly or left to evaporate (about 10 seconds). Avoid contact between the tip of the bottle and the wiping cloth, and dry the surface quickly. 6b.
Maintenance Recalibrating the Unit Recalibrating the Unit Manufacturing and service center calibrations are based on the ISO/IEC 17025 Standard, which states that calibration documents must not contain a recommended calibration interval, unless this has been previously agreed upon with the customer. Validity of specifications depends on operating conditions.
Maintenance Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) Recycle or dispose of your product (including electric and electronic accessories) properly, in accordance with local regulations. Do not dispose of it in ordinary garbage receptacles. This equipment was sold after August 13, 2005 (as identified by the black rectangle).
9 Troubleshooting Solving Common Problems Before calling EXFO’s technical support, you may want to consider the following solutions to problems that could occur. Message Possible cause Solution Detected signal is out of user selected band. No signal detected in the ³ Ensure the source is on. selected band. However, ³ Ensure the source another signal has been wavelength matches the detected outside the selected band for the specified band.
Troubleshooting Solving Common Problems Message Low signal-to-noise ratio. Possible cause Power too-low in the selected band. Solution ³ Use a source with a higher output power. ³ Clean connectors carefully. ³ Ensure connections are made properly. ³ Ensure the source wavelength matches the selected band for the Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. Possible coupling mode selection error. The selected coupling mode Ensure that the selected coupling mode is (Telecom or appropriate.
Troubleshooting Solving Common Problems Message Specifications not guaranteed, retesting recommended. Possible cause Solution The PMD value might no be within the unit’s specification: ³ Your PMD Analyzer measures low PMD values from a weak coupling device (for example, PMF) and analyzer input polarization state is not appropriate. ³ External parasitic signal during measurement (for example, live fiber).
Troubleshooting Viewing Online Documentation Viewing Online Documentation An online version of the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer user guide is available at all times from the application. To access the online user guide: Click Help in the function bar.
Troubleshooting Contacting the Technical Support Group Contacting the Technical Support Group To obtain after-sales service or technical support for this product, contact EXFO at one of the following numbers. The Technical Support Group is available to take your calls from Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Eastern Time in North America). For detailed information about technical support, visit the EXFO Web site at www.exfo.com.
Troubleshooting Transportation You may also be requested to provide software and module version numbers.This information, as well as technical support contact information, can be found by clicking About in the function bar Transportation Maintain a temperature range within specifications when transporting the unit. Transportation damage can occur from improper handling.
10 Warranty General Information EXFO Electro-Optical Engineering Inc. (EXFO) warrants this equipment against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original shipment. EXFO also warrants that this equipment will meet applicable specifications under normal use.
Warranty Liability Liability EXFO shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of the product, nor shall be responsible for any failure in the performance of other items to which the product is connected or the operation of any system of which the product may be a part. EXFO shall not be liable for damages resulting from improper usage or unauthorized modification of the product, its accompanying accessories and software.
Warranty Exclusions Exclusions EXFO reserves the right to make changes in the design or construction of any of its products at any time without incurring obligation to make any changes whatsoever on units purchased. Accessories, including but not limited to fuses, pilot lamps, batteries and universal interfaces (EUI) used with EXFO products are not covered by this warranty.
Warranty Service and Repairs Service and Repairs EXFO commits to providing product service and repair for five years following the date of purchase. To send any equipment for service or repair: 1. Call one of EXFO’s authorized service centers (see EXFO Service Centers Worldwide on page 99). Support personnel will determine if the equipment requires service, repair, or calibration. 2.
Warranty EXFO Service Centers Worldwide EXFO Service Centers Worldwide If your product requires servicing, contact your nearest authorized service center. EXFO Headquarters Service Center 400 Godin Avenue Quebec (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA EXFO Europe Service Center Omega Enterprise Park, Electron Way Chandlers Ford, Hampshire S053 4SE ENGLAND EXFO China Service Center/ Beijing OSIC Beijing New Century Hotel Office Tower, Room 1754-1755 No. 6 Southern Capital Gym Road Beijing 100044 P. R.
A Technical Specifications IMPORTANT The following technical specifications can change without notice. The information presented in this section is provided as a reference only. To obtain this product’s most recent technical specifications, visit the EXFO Web site at www.exfo.com. SPECIFICATIONS Wavelength range (nm) Measurement range (ps) Sensitivity a (dBm) Measuring time (s) Absolute uncertainty (strong mode coupling) b (ps) Allows measurement through EDFA 1260 to 1675 (O to U band) 0 to 115 –45 4.
B Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources You can use broadband light sources from a third-party supplier in combination with the FTB-5500B Polarization Mode Dispersion Analyzer. However, the broadband source must respect a few simple, basic criteria in order not to impair the normal operation of the analyzer or degrade some of its specifications.
Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources Compliance Criteria The rms width of the auto-correlation determines the basic uncertainty of the interferometric method (Equation 4 on page 105). The smaller the rms width of the auto-correlation, the smaller the basic uncertainty. If the uncertainty is critically required to be equal to or smaller than the specified uncertainty using dedicated EXFO sources, the rms width of the auto-correlation, σ 0 , must be smaller than" ∼ 0.1 ps . σ 0 ≤ 0.
Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources Uncertainty Formula Uncertainty Formula The following formula can be used to determine the mean uncertainty as a function of the auto-correlation rms width, σ 0 , the measured PMD value, and the number of measurements performed with distinct I/O-SOPs (using scramblers at the input and output of the DUT), ³ all cases: Equation 4 σ PMD -------------- = PMD ³ 8-⎞ ⎛ 1 – ----⎝ 3π⎠ 1 ---- ⋅ -----------------------------------------N 1 PMD 2 1 + --- ⋅ ⎛ -------------⎞
Using Third-Party Broadband Light Sources Uncertainty Formula Note: Continuous random I/O-SOP scrambling can also be performed without any synchronization with the instrument scans. Automatic, polarization scramblers/controllers running continuously with time are inserted at the input and output of the DUT (only one of these is not enough).
Index Index A About button .............................................. 93 accessing File Converter .............................. 74 acquiring multiple traces ....................................... 28 parameter setup .................................... 24 traces..................................................... 39 adding information ..................................... 58 after-sales service ........................................ 93 application exiting ...........................................
Index documenting defining a template ............................... 62 results.................................................... 58 DUT, naming ............................................... 19 E EDFAs, using ................................................. 2 equipment returns ...................................... 98 EUI connector adapter ................................. 34 dust cap................................................. 34 EUI connectors, cleaning .............................
Index merging many fibers to one ........................ 54 module detection ............................................... 11 insertion .................................................. 9 removal ................................................... 9 status..................................................... 17 module position .......................................... 17 mounting EUI connector adapter ................ 34 multiple measurements............................... 28 N naming fibers ........
Index SOP, measuring multiple ............................. 31 source criteria for compliance......................... 103 setting up .............................................. 36 specific information .................................... 44 specifications, product .............................. 101 starting acquisition ............................................. 39 software ................................................ 74 starting application .....................................
NOTICE 通告 CHINESE REGULATION ON RESTRICTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 中国关于危害物质限制的规定 NAMES AND CONTENTS OF THE TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES OR ELEMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS EXFO PRODUCT 包含在本 EXFO 产品中的有毒有害物质或元素的名称和含量 O X Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006 表示该有毒有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 SJ/T11363-2006 标准规定的 限量要求以下。 Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of th
MARKING REQUIREMENTS 标注要求 Product Environmental protection use period (years) Logo 产品 环境保护使用期限 ( 年 ) 标志 This Exfo product 本 EXFO 产品 Batterya 电池 a a. If applicable.
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