User Guide

Calcium Electrode Instruction Manual
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ..........................................................................................................3
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................3
Required Equipment.................................................................................................................................3
Required Solutions...................................................................................................................................3
GENERAL PREPARATION............................................................................................................4
Electrode Preparation...............................................................................................................................4
Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ...........................................................................................4
Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ..................................................................................................5
MEASUREMENT..............................................................................................................................5
Measuring Hints.......................................................................................................................................5
Sample Requirements...............................................................................................................................6
Units of Measurement..............................................................................................................................6
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................6
Direct Measurement.................................................................................................................................6
Direct Measurement of Calcium (using a pH/mV meter) ........................................................................6
Direct Measurement of Calcium (using an ion meter) .............................................................................8
Low Level Calcium Determination (using a pH/mV meter)....................................................................8
Low Level Calcium Determination (using an ion meter).........................................................................9
Titration....................................................................................................................................................9
Titration of Calcium...............................................................................................................................10
ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................................11
Reproducibility.......................................................................................................................................11
Interferences...........................................................................................................................................11
Complexation.........................................................................................................................................12
Temperature Influences..........................................................................................................................12
Electrode Response ................................................................................................................................13
Limits of Detection.................................................................................................................................13
Electrode Life.........................................................................................................................................13
Electrode Storage ...................................................................................................................................14
ELECTRODE THEORY ................................................................................................................14
Electrode Operation ...............................................................................................................................14
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE ....................................................................................................15
Meter ......................................................................................................................................................15
Glass-ware..............................................................................................................................................15
Electrodes...............................................................................................................................................15
Standards and Reagents..........................................................................................................................16
Sample....................................................................................................................................................16
Technique...............................................................................................................................................16
TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS.....................................................................................................17
SPECIFICATIONS..........................................................................................................................19
ORDERING INFORMATION.......................................................................................................19