Applications Manual j / .
- Trademark LaserPrinter 8111: Star Micro&s Acknowledgements Co., Ltd. PageMaker: Aldus Corporation Apple II +, Apples&t: Apple Computer Inc. Bitstream, Zapf Humanist: Bitstream Inc. Canon: Canon Inc. Centronics: HP, LaserJet LaserControl: Cunronics Data Computer Corporatim III: Hewlett-Packard Company Insight Development Inc. IBM PC, IBM Proprinter: International Business Machines Corp.
PREFACE About this manual This Star LaserPrinter 8111Applications Manual gives you the information you need to program the Star Micronics LaserPrinter 8111. Why would you read this book? Most people using a laser printer just run software packages with built-inprinter drivers. which look after everything their computers send their printers.
... What’s in this manual? l l l l In “Getting to Know Your Star LaserPrinter 8111”we provide a list of the features that make this a splendid printer, to help you choose which features you want to exploit. There’s a bit on how laser printers work, inside and out. The chapter then explains software in general terms, including how to write control and Escape commands to make those features work.
l L.. Conventions L-. Incidentally, one of those Technical Supplement tables suggests a couple of typographic conventions we’ll use. Base ten (decimal) numbers will generally be used here; if we have to use base sixteen numbers (hexadecimal) we’ll expressly say so. L L L b The final “Technical Supplement” containing the command and character reference tables will probably get thumbed the most. ,-- And second, the lowercase L is practically identical to the number one (l versus 1).
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR STAR LASERPRINTER 8III 1 Star LaserPrinter 8111Hardware ............................................................. 1 Star LaserPrinter 8111Software ............................................................. .5 CHAPTER 2 CONTROLLING YOUR PRINTER Printer Parameters ................................................................................ Controlling the Printer.. ........................................................................
_ CHAPTER 6 IBM PROPRINTER COMMANDS b. i L 145 Proprinter Commands ........................................... .. ..... .. ..................... 145 Controlling the Printer ...................................... ...*.............................. 146 Formatting Pages .. .. ............................................................ ... .. .. ......... 147 Moving the Print Position .............. ....... .............................................. 147 Controlling Fonts ................... ..........
This chapter introduces both the hardware and software aspects of the Star LaserPrinter 8111’spersonality, from fonts and print engine to ASCII and Escape sequences. STAR LASERPRINTER 8llI HARDWARE Versatility Your Star Micronics Star Laser-Printer 8111 works with practically all commercial software programs and computers.
The Star LaserPrinter 8111is ideal for desktop publishing. The pages it produces make perfect photocopy or instant-print masters. And all the main desktop publishing systems, including Aldus Corporation’s PageMaker and Xerox Ventura Pubisher, work splendidly with the Star LaserPrinter 8111. With “page makeup” programs like these you will be able- maybe for the first time- to deliver communications with the impact of top-notch graphics.
How your laser printer communicates Your computer communicates with the Star LaserPrinter 8111through either a parallel cable or one of two kinds of serial cable. The printer’s interjhce, the link or boundary it shares with your computer, defines whether the printer will accept characters and commands from your computer one byte or one bit at a time. A bit is the smallest unit of computer or printer memory. It has either a low or high electric charge, which we represent with the digits 0 and 1.
The Print engine It’s the print engine that forms the actual characters and graphics. The engine directs its laser, a pinpoint stream of light pulses, through mirrors and lenses onto the surface of a positively-charged rotating drum. Mirror Lens Laser Scam ning mirror Semiconductor Photosensitive laser diode drum As the laser scans, it “draws”the page-map stored in your printer’s memory. Wherever a light pulse strikes, that tiny part of the drum drops to a neutral electrical charge.
STAR LASERPRINTER 8JlI SOFTWARE Binary and hexadecimal arithmetic If you already know what hexadecimal numbers am, you can skip this section and go ahead to read about ASCII. The decimal number system with which we’re all familiar is a positional counting system. There’s the “ones” position, the “tens” position, the “hundreds” position and so on. Each higher position is worth ten times more than the position to the right of it, since the decimal system uses the base of ten.
The important thing to realize is that there’s more than one way to show the same numeric value. Computer programmers, for example, occasionally use the hexadecimal system because it’s so compact. (Programmers often just say “hex”.) This binary number: 101001011111110100110111111011010010110100001001 looks quite a bit tidier when it is written as A5 FD 37 ED 2D 09, which means the same thing.
0x2’ 1x26 0x25 ox24 1~2~ ox22 1x2’ Ox2O zone 0100 4 - = 0 =64 = 0 = 0 = 8 = 0 = 2 = Q 74 digits 1010 A Decimal Binary Hexadecimal The ASCII table in the Technical Supplement shows all these equivalent representations for the symbols your laser printer understands. The table organizes them in ascending order. In fact, ASCII is organized in a way that actually makes sense. Flip back there for a quick look right now.
Control codes mostly handle communications between your computer and the printer at the lowest level, at cable level. For example, a couple of control codes make sure the printer buffer (your printer’s storage memory) doesn’t overflow. In this book we’ll indicate control codes enclosed by angle brackets to their abbreviations in the table: means the Form Feed control code, which advances the printer to the next page just as the PRINT button does.
Printer drivers Most software packages already include the printer commands they need. The programs that send commands to the printer so you don’t have to enter them yourself are called printer drivers. -.- Many programs ask you to install or conjigure your printer, which usually means keying into a menu the particular setup information describing your Star LaserPrinter 8111.You enter such things as how you want to underline, alter line spacing, or move to a new print position.
A BASIC example Here’s an example you can typo in right now, to clarify what we’re saying. It’s written in Microsoft BASIC for a computer that uses the MS-DOS operating system, so if you have a different computer or BASIC you may have to translate a bit. We’ll show commands the way they’re written for an Epson dot-matrix printer because your Star LaserPrinter 8 understands those commands. The LPRINT commands all send data to the printer.
Most programming languages, and some versions of BASIC, let you treat the printer as a file to which you can send data. When you write a program with one of these languages you “open” the printer file, print into it, and then “close” the file when you’re done. This programming jargon sounds funny if you’re not used to it- but it works. L_ A few programming languages let you send commands to the printer a third way. Applesoft BASIC is one. With it, you can switchbetween printeroutput and screen output.
NOTES 12
You can control your Star LaserPrinter 8111in two ways, either through front panel parameters or through software commands. In this chapter we will consider printer controls mostly from the perspective of the front panel. However, we’ll also meet three special commands, the Star LaserPrinter 8111 superset.
printing the current page and then feeds in and prints a status sheet. Some buttons on the panel let you perform two functions. Holding one of those buttons down, rather than quickly pressing it, selects a different operation. For example, holding down the TEST/PREVIOUS button for over five seconds makes the Star LaserPrinter 8 print its test pattern. Parameter settings From the panel you can also change the parameters that define how your printer works. Parameter just means “variable”.
override the factory settings. Factory settings are programmed into the Star LaserPrinter 8111when it is built at the factory. Your printer keeps the factory settings for its parameters in ROM; they never change. You can copy them into the current settings or any other settings as needed. But the only way you can return to the factory defaults is from the front panel; no commands do this.
and scroll through a lower menu level. And you also press ENTER when you want to save a particular menu item as the value for a current parameter setting. The three last menu headings let you load one version of the parameters into another version. Two move the current parameter values into either the initial or power-up parameters. The final menu option goes the other way, letting you load the factory parameter settings as your current settings.
The Rate parameter specifies how fast data will be arriving, measured in bati (named after the French communications engineer Jean Baudot). Rick any of the following data transfer rates: 300 baud 600 baud 1200 baud 2400 baud 4800 baud 9600 baud (the default) 19200 baud. Roughly, one character a second works out to 11 baud. If you’re not sure how fast your computer will transmit, the general rule is to experiment.
DTR (Data Terminal Ready) protocol does the same thing slightly differently. The printer sends a continuous high-voltage signal over the cable as long as it can accept data, but drops the voltage to say “whoa” to the computer. Conversely, it’s the computer that holds the reins with the ETX/ACK (Endof-text/Acknowledge) protocol. The computer sends an ETX control code after each string of data, and when the printer finally gets that code it sends an ACK code back to the computer, asking for more.
Printer emulations -. OK, you’ve got your printer and computer connected properly. Now let’s focus on how your printer works. Your Star LaserPrinter 8111understands and uses the same commands as several earlier kinds of printers. Your printer works by emulating one of these: Hewlett-Packard LaserJet III 9 Epson EX-800 IBM Proprinter l l Other laser printers may offer such emulations too, but often require installation of a new circuit board for each emulation.
The Command parameter The Star LaserPrinter 8’s Emulation setting defines which printer it is imitating: Hewlett-Packard LaserJet series II, Xerox Diablo 630, Epson EX-800 or IBM Proprinter. Most of the other COMMAND values below can be changed with Escape codes as well as from the panel. As the Number of Copies setting suggests, the Star LaserPrinter 8 can print either just one copy of each page sent to it, or multiple copies up to 99.
I Hints: The hex dump To make your Star LaserPrinter 8111print in hexadecimal rather than the usual ASCII symbols, press the front panel buttons that put the printer offline and in PROGRAM mode. Move to the COMMAND parameter’s HEX DUMP setting and select ON. l l l l Some control or Escape codes can be problems on a few computers; those computers change certain codes when sending them to the printer. If you think you have this problem you need to see exactly what your printer is receiving.
With the Star LaserPrinter 8 you can print on a variety of ordinary cut sheet pages. For the Feeder value of this PAPER FEED parameter, you first enter either cassette or manual feed to indicate where you want paper fed from. The cassette tray automatically feeds single sheets, much like sheet feeders on other types of printers. Manual feed means you feed each sheet by hand. The default paper size is 8.5 by 11 inch letter-size paper, a different-sized tray automatically selects that different paper size.
l l l l return the print position to the left margin (carriage return, sometimes just called “Return”), or move it down one line (line feed ), or keep text out of the side margin (auto wrap ), or keep text out of the bottom margin uorm feed ). Hints: Paper, labels and transparencies l The best paper for the Star LaserPrinter 8111has a smooth finish and is of 20 to 24 pound weight. Any paper designed for photocopiers should do the trick though; Xerox 4024 and Canon NP print nicely.
When printing starts fading because the toner is low, remove the cartridge and gently rock it back and forth half a dozen times. Don’t tip it up or the toner may spill out. Redistributing the tonerpowderthis way can keep the cartridge going for another tray of paper. l No question, working with single label sheets is more convenient than with continuous label stock. Laser printers are faster and produce betterlooking labels than other printers.
. If you want to print transparencies for your overhead projector, some films will actually melt in your laser printer. Stick to 3M’s medium-weight transparency film (type 501) or to Hewlett-Packard’s #92285J. The LAYOUT parameter The Zayoutorformat or setup of a page refers to how text is positioned on the page. Layout includes page orientation, margins and the spacing of characters across and lines down the page. You can control these with the LAYOUT parameter.
Margins, columns and lines You can change margin settings for all four edges of a page. The left and right side margins can have values from 0 to 132, defining the margin columns between which words and images can be printed. And the top and bottom margins can be set at anywhere from 0 to 112 lines. Text Length Portrait Orientation Orientation The actual meaning of a column is defined by the setting for the horizontal motion index (HMI). The HMI just means how wide you want the space character to be.
Moving the print position: a preview With dot-matrix printer, you pick where to print on the page either by moving the printhead back and forth or by moving the paper itself. Laser printers don’t have printheads, but the principle remains the same: you have to say exactly where on the page each picture and string of text is to go, so each page can be constructed in the printer’s memory.
CONTROLLING THE PRINTING The EMULATE ATTRIBUTES parameter The EMULATE ATTRIBUTES parameter defines font attributes and setup values (if any) for each of the Star LaserPrinter 8’s four emulation modes. A font’s attributes or characteristics determine what that font will look like when it is printed. The next chapter, “Fonts,” explores the details of all font attributes in more detail. But let’s have a quick overview now, because you’ll meet these terms on the front panel’s program menu.
THE STAR LASERPRINTER 8IlI SUPERSET Do you need to send commands? Here’s an important fact: you can set nearly every one of the above parameters by sending your printer a corresponding Escape sequence command. Those Escape sequence commands will override any setting you make from the front panel. L The main thing to realize about most printer commands, though, is that you probably don’t need to use them.
-. The Change Emulation command You can think of the superset ChangeEmulation command as the key to your Star LaserPrinter 8. The Change Emulation superset command lets you switch from one set of printer commands to another “on the fly,” through software. This is the command that defines what other commands the Star LaserPrinter 8 will accept. With Change Emulation you indicate which printer emulation program you want the printer to use. When you start a new emulation you always start a new page.
The Select Orientation command The Select Orientation superset command lets you change the “attitude” in which the Star LaserPrinter 8111prints. . To change from one orientation to the other you send this Select Orientation Escape sequence:
The Paper Size command The Paper Size superset command lets you change the paper size in which the Star LaserPrinter 8 prints. This is the command that defines what size the Star LaserPrinter 8 will accept.
The fonts you use determine what your pages will look like. In this chapter we’ll first clarify the meanings of words people use when they talk about fonts. Next we’ll examine the three kinds of fonts (internal, cartridge and downloaded) that you can use on your Star LaserPrinter 8111.We’ll cover the particular sets of symbols you can choose for those fonts too. Finally, we’ll find out how to load the printer with your selection of fonts. FONT TERMINOLOGY Typefaces and fonts First, a few definitions.
- Select Simplex/duplex mode (DX type only) You can change between simplex and duplex mode using software commands in any emulation mode. The command to do this is: [ D n where n is an ASCII value of either “1” or “2”. If n is set to “l”, then the printer will enter simplex mode, and if n is “2”, the printer will enter duplex mode. If the printer is in simplex mode, the “1”option will have no effect.
The font height (24 points) is measvcd from ascender to descender. The o has been kerned closer to the f. I A font is a complete set of 4 -characters in a particular EII:zr size and typeface. Baseline uu t Proportionrl spaoing Serif Leading is the baseline to baseline mcasurcment. Font spacing and pitch You probably first heard the word pitch in connection with typewriters. Typewriters normally use monospaced spacing: they give each character the same amount of space on the line.
Narrow condensed faces used to be called “compressed”. They cram about five characters in the space where three usually go- ideal for spreadsheets. An extended face, particularly on a dot-matrix printer, goes by several names: “expanded, ” “enlarged” or “double-width” printing. No matter what it’s called, extended print is wider than it is high, and can be fairly effective in page headings. Italic characters (sometimes called “oblique”) are slanted. Ordinary upright characters are often called “reman”.
CG Times CG Times CG Times CG Times Univers Univers Univers Univers regular bold italic bold italic mgul= bold italic bold italic With these most frequently used fonts in ROM, a page can be assembled much faster than if the fonts had to be loaded into the printer for each printing job. Cartridge and downloaded fonts Your Star LaserPrinter 8111can use two other kinds of fonts, along with those built into the printer. Cartridge fonts, like the internal ones, are permanently stored on ROM chips.
HOW THE STAR LASERPRINTER 8 STORES FONTS Bit-mapped fonts Star Micronics has earned a reputation for attractive, well-designed fonts on its printers, and this laser printer continues the tradition. The Star LaserPrinter 8 uses bit-mapped fonts. Each character is made up of a pattern or “map” of dots, just like characters on a dot-matrix printer or on your computer screen.
SYMBOL SETS Let’s summarize briefly, to put the subject of symbol sets in context. The attributes of a font determine what that font will look like when it is printed. We covered all but orientation at the start of this chapter, and orientation in the last chapter. A font’s attributes include: orientation (portrait or landscape) symbol set (which we’ll look at next) spacing (monospaced or proportional) pitch (10 or 16.
- Hints: Where to get fonts l l You can print any downloadable font that works on the HP LaserJet series II. Several other companies sell downloadable fonts which are compatible with your Star LaserPrinter 8. The Bitstream Corporation in Boston is one of the more popular; Conographic is another. Xerox includes a set of fonts with its Ventura Publisher desktop publishing software, which you can use with your printer’s LaserJet II emulation.
TheEpsonEX-8OOemulationis really versatile. Itlets you havebothofthose IBM symbol sets plus Epson’s own standard symbol set. This Epson symbol set is unusual: it contains both upright and italic characters in the same set. You may also choose from symbol sets for all the countries mentioned above, plus a second unique set for each of Denmark and Spain. .
Selecting fonts Most popular software packages, particularly word pmcessots, let you choose fonts from within the program. They send the appropriate commands to the printer and you don’t need to understand how they do it. MultiMate uses pitch to identify different fonts, for example, while WordPer$ect uses print formats. The point is, you may not even have to worry about selecting which font to use. 2. il 1 I But not all packages do the job for you.
l A few of today’s computer programs let you see several different font sizes and typefaces on your computer screen. That capability is necessary if you want to see on-screen exactly what will print on your Star LaserPrinter 8111.Desktop publishers call this capability WYSIWYG“what you see is what you get”. While “screen fonts” that match the fonts you use on your Star LaserPrinter 8111were not available when this manual was written, you may eventually be able to get them.
4) use either the front panel menu or a command from your computer to select the font you want (explained for each emulation in following chapters). Note: Do not insert or pull cartridges out of the printer while the printer is online. You can use fonts from both cartridge slots within one document. A couple of interesting notes about default cartridge fonts: First, say you have selected on the front panel menu a cartridge font as your default font. Later you turn off the printer.
Downloading a font: example one Example one is for a computer tunning just MS-DOS. Say you’ve bought Hewlett-Packard’s Century Schoolbook fonts and want to download the regular (upright), italics and boldface characters. The HP disk labels for each file are CNlOORPN.RSP, CNlOOIPN.R8P and CNlfKlBPN.RgP. In case you’re interested, that’s HP’s code for CeNtury, 100 decipoints, Regular (or Italic or Bold), ProportioNal, Roman-8 symbol set, Portrait.
want to create a file called APPNDWININI to append into the Windows font menu file: type Y for yes. After PCLPFM has made the font data file, with your word processor open the Windows file called WIN.INI and key in the font defaults you want to apply. At the section referring to the HPPCL printer driver, insert the APPNDWININI file you created earlier. That’s it! From now on your Century Schoolbook fonts will appear on the print menus of all your Windows applications.
F )‘ ‘,’ printer with other people in a computer network. It keeps the printer’s RAM from becoming overloaded. However, the downloading time can significantly slow down your printer’s throughput. _. l i i .- -. -. - . More typically, you will download a font in the morning (perhaps with the MS-DOS COPY command) before you print your first document, and that font will then stay in the printer’s memory.
NOTES
The Hewlett-Packard LaserJet III is an earlier kind of laser printer than your Star LaserPrinter 8111.You should have no trouble running most popular software packages in HP LaserJet III mode, as those programs likely can send LaserJet III commands. Because the LaserJet III is alaserprinter, though, its commands can give you more control over your Star LaserPrinter 8111than is possible with the other built-in command sets. You will probably use this emulation’s commands more than the others.
Two important details make LaserJet III commands different from the other printer emulations. First, all Escape sequences end with a capital letter. If you don’t make the last character uppercase, your printer won’t know when the Escape sequence ends and will treat following characters as part of the same command. Second, in LaserJet III commands each number or character you put after the
Here’s a way you can save yourself a few keystrokes: type in those commands that have the same command-category prefix as just one long Escape sequence. To combine commands this way, type the (s 1s (s 7B (s 5T which would produce italics boZ&ace Tms Romn.
Set number of copies You can print up to 99 copies of each of the pages you send to the printer. You may send this command anywhere within the text on a page; it will stay in effect for that and all subsequent pages until you send another such command: &/n X All you have to do is change the n sign in this command to the number of pages you want. (The /character after the & is a lowercase L.) Set feed selection One thing you can do is print directly on envelopes as well as regular paper.
The printer will finish printing any pages left in its memory before resetting the parameters. Resetting clears unneeded temporary fonts from your printer’s memory. Any permanent fonts or macros you have downloaded, however, will still be there after you send a reset command. Permanent and temporary fonts aredescribed at the end of this chapter’s “Controlling Fonts” section. _ Example: Printer controls Let’s see what happens when we put these commands together.
PAGE ORIENTATION You might reasonably think of page orientation as a page formatting issue. To print words widthwise on a page, however, each letter in effect has to lie on its back. So orientation is actually a font attribute, and is treated as such later on in this chapter. Page Length The paper tray you have installed sets the default page size for your laser printer. When you want a different size, and when you change the tray, you’ll need to reset that page size.
! _~ An example: Say you want to manually print legal-size pages at eight lines per inch. The following commands combine manual feeding with that page length: &/2h 112P -- If your command specifies a page length different than the paper in the tray, the printer will go offline and display a message asking for the proper tray. After you change the tray, press the ON LINE button to restart the printer. It doesn’t hurt to print short pages on long paper.
Top margin Vertically, the LaserPrinter 8111confines its printing to its “text length,” which should always be less than its page length. Both are measured in lines. You can change the meaning of a “line” with line-spacing commands described later in this chapter. When you set the top margin though, it does not change, even when you change the definition of a line. You can use this command to set the top margin anytime.
unprintable region at the edge of the page. The command looks like this:
MOVING THE PRINT POSITION Many ways to move The LaserPrinter 8111provides excellent control over the print positionwhere you poise your laser “pen”. Horizontally, you can send backspace and carriage return commands. Vertically, you can move the print position down the page by printing so many lines per inch, or by sending line-feed and half line-feed commands. You can move horizontally or vertically to tab settings as well. Those aren’t all.
print position. Instead, they define two basic units you can use in print position commands. . . - . What’s important about the space is that it defines how far the print position travels for every character you print (except for proportionally spaced text). The space can also be thought of as the width of a vertical print column. One column width is the width of the space character in the curmnt font, no matter whether it is monospaced or proportionally spaced.
- (note that the character after the “8~”is a lower-case “L”) in which for n you can enter a number from 0 to 336. If n is zero, lines will be printed on top of each other, and if 336, they will be printed 7 inches apart. Moving the PRINT position horizontally You can use three different units to move the print position horizontally: columns (space-widths), dots (each 1/3OOthof an inch), or tenths of a point (decipoints). Both columns and decipoints can be fractions to two decimal places, such as 45.
position (preceded by a + or- sign if you want to move away from the current position). You can move the print position horizontally by dots both ways too. You can move a number of dots away from the left edge of the page, or you can move a number of dots away from the current print position.
Vertical moves: by lines, decipoints and dots To move the print position vertically a certain number of lines, send the command: &a n R in which for n you enter the number of lines you wish to move the print position. So to move to line 45, measured from the top edge of the page, you send the command:
All we mean is that you can combine horizontal and vertical movements that use the same units. If you send this command, *p 40x 20Y - the print position will move to a spot 40 dots from the left edge of the page and 20 dots down from the top edge. And if you send this one: .
The Half Line Feed command is the one you want for subscripts. This command moves the print position down the page one half the current line depth: &a -.5 R Form feed This command, like the PRINT button, makes the printer advance to a new sheet of paper. When you send the cFF> control code you are also telling the printer to print all its stored page information.
3 generates a cLF> too, and either cLF> or d;F> produces a . After you send the command
making it the current print position. When would you want to save and restore print positions this way? Whenever you need to interruptwhat you’re printing now to stick something special onto the page. This is most handy when you need to jump from text to graphics and back. Say you’ve written one routine that puts the page number in the same place on every page, and another that under certain circumstances prints two heavy lines. You print merrily along until you have to print the lines.
::: F .:, pI’ ., ;, ): \ Selecting primary or secondary fonts . -_ Of the three selection methods, you will save the most programming time by shifting back and forth between primary and secondary fonts. That’s counterbalanced, though, by the fact that you often need mote than two fonts. Typically, you use primary and secondary fonts to flip back and forth between two different symbol sets- for example IBM symbol sets 1 and 2.
Assigning font ID numbers The second way to define and select fonts is by using font ID numbers. You may prefer this method if you frequently use many fonts. While not as short as and , it’s quicker than describing font attributes over and over again. To give an ID number to an internal or cartridge font, you first make it the primary font. That is, you send a left-parenthesis Escape sequence (a font attribute command as described below) and the Shift In control code.
way your LaserPrinter 8111does. Your printer ranks the various attributes a font can have this way (from most to least important): orientation symbol set spacing (proportional or monospaced) pitch (characters per inch) font height (in points) style (italic or upright) stroke weight (light to bold) typeface .. c The laser printer just zips down this chain of attributes one by one, eliminating fonts that don’t match what you want, until it gets down to one unique font that matches your request.
To select the direction in which characters, raster graphics ands fill patterns are printed, use the following command: &a n P in which for n you put 0 to select the portrait direction, 90 to select the landscape direction, 180 to select the upside-down portrait direction, and 270 to select the upside-down landscape direction. Symbol sets: a review Each font can have many symbol sets, each being a subset of all the possible characters of the font.
For n enter one of the following symbol codes. The first character must be a digit and the second an uppercase letter.
IBM-PC (US) ECMA-94 7Bit IBM-EC (Denmark/Norway) PC-850 Pi font symbols IOU IIQ IIU 12u 15u To select a symbol set code for your secondary font, flip the parenthesis:
/ 1 (one) /’ 6 fi I- I,,i I I i 2 3 _~ Then in the report you decide to use a proprietary product name, so want to nip out to grab the @ symbol on a legal cartridge font you’ve already loaded, then return to your German set. When your report’s all done, you want to return the printer to its Roman-8 default.
determines its width. To define how you want your primary font spaced, send this command: (s n P in which for n you put 0 (zero) to get monospaced, or 1 (one) to get pxoportional spacing. If you specify proportional spacing it doesn’t matter if you also specify pitch, because spacing is a higher priority font attribute. The printer will just ignore the pitch request.
Font height The height of the characters you print is measured in point sizes. The LaserJet III emulation provides fonts in 6,7,8.5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,24 and 36 point sizes. If the font height you specifically ask for is not available, the printer will select the font with the size closest to your request. To select font height for the primary font use the following command.
(zero) produces medium print. To select the stroke weight for the secondary font, use the same numbers with this command: cESC>)snB I I An incidental note: You will likely use optional fonts to give you boldface, so probably don’t need to know this. But it’s possible to print bold without even having a bold font in the printer. You just print the text you want in bold two times, with the overprint offset by 4 decipoints.
I :. ., L ,. : L. :’ ; -. i L I Y __ _ Orator Presentation Line Draw PC Line OCR Bar Code 10 11 12 13 14 15 To assign a character face to the secondary font, just flip the parenthesis and use the same n numbers: )s n T Example: Font attributes Let’s put the last half dozen font attributes together in an example. Say we want to select a nice font- a small Line Printer- for the footnotes in a report we’ve finished.
100 And assuming font CHR$(27);“)sOp16.66h7vOsObOTn LPRINT that we have such a font looks like this sentence in our printer, for ve’d get a our footnotes. Underline Underlining is printing feature, not a font attribute. You can underline in two ways: as a print feature, or with the _ underline character. If you backspace and use the underline character, however, you often find the underline doesn’t come out the same length as your text. The underline command works better.
&pnX For n you specify the number of bytes of data you want to print. Display Functions, like the Transparent print command, prints Escape sequences and control codes without actually executing them. But Display Functions pays attention to Carriage Return codes, so text looks more like the way it normally prints. Display Functions also prints commands as blanks, not as symbols. i L L L -- Display Functions actually involves two Escape sequences, one to turn it on and another to turn it off.
n FUNCTION Delete all temporary and permanent fonts 0 (zero) Delete all temporary fonts (another way to delete 1 (one> all temporary fonts is to send a reset command) Delete just the font with the most recently specified ID 2 Delete just the last character of the font you have 3 downloaded 4 Make the current font ID temporary Make the current font ID permanent 5 Make a temporary copy of the current font 6 A bit of explanation about that last function 6: When you give a font ID to any font you first need a
_ 140 150 160 170 LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT CHR$(27);"&p3X"; CHR$(l28);CHR$(129>;CHR$(l30); CHR$(12); CHR$(27);"*c5flF"; i_ Line 100 is just the
300 LPRINT "Font 2 - Cartridge PC Courier" 310 LPRINT CHR$(27);"(1X"; 320 LPRINT CHR$(12) Line 100 and 110 calls the internal Courier font and line 120 makes it the primary font. Line 130 gives it font ID number 1, and line 140 makes it ~mporary. Lines 150 through 190 do the same thing for the Line Printer font, and lines 200 through 240 for the cartridge font. Notice that the cartridge font has the IBM symbol set code 1OU. Lines 250 through 300 print out samples of the three fonts.
. .. How to download your own fonts Characters that you define and store yourself are called “user-defined” characters. Let’s assume you already know what text is to be in your custom font, and have designed its typeface, weight, width and style. Once you’ve created your own characters, you’ll need to download them to your laser printer. L The process of downloading a font you’ve designed yourself is somewhat detailed. To download your font, you follow the following steps: L 1) i. - 2) 3) 4) 3 -i L.
Here’s a typical font header command: )s 26W OcSUB>O1OOOcRS>O02OO1Od0MKHkETX> Aside from the actual command at the front, the test looks like gobbledygook? But there’s 26 bytes there, each one an ASCII character, each one specifying a particular font attribute. (The enclosed items with brackets are single ASCII characters that happen to be control codes.) Each byte in the header is a number, which you send as whatever symbol happens to be stored at that numeric position in the ASCII table.
Your printer’s font table is just like the ASCII table. Before you send each character, say g , you have to say where you want to put it. In the ASCII table, g is at decimal position 103. So you send this command: __ (s n w - .
5) Permanent or temporary? The last step in downloading your own font is to make the font permanent or temporary, using the Font Control command described earlier. The command &SC> *c 4 F will allow the font to be erased when you reset the printer. But the command *c 5 F will keep your font available even after you reset the printer. RASTER GRAPHICS The Star LaserPrinter 8111offers raster graphics (sometimes called “bitmapped graphics”), which specify each dot in a graphics pattern.
the same as the left margin for text). But if you enter 1, the margin for graphics will be set at the column of the current print position, and your image will appear only to the right of that graphics margin. A programming hint: move your print position in dot increments whenever you’re dealing with graphics. It’s easier than trying to calculate columnwidths or decipoints. -..~ . ..
and is ignored when received between start and end raster graphics commands. *b n M Set n to 0 for the unencoded compression mode (the default value), 1 for the run-length encoding compression mode, 2 for the tagged image file format, and 3 for the delta row compression mode. - In the unencoded compression mode, each bit is interpreted as a single dot, with the first dot in the row, the most significant bit of the first byte.
For n you enter the number of bytes of graphics data to follow on this line. The data must follow immediately after the W in this command. i L Data bytes are interpreted as one line of raster graphics data (one data row). Each byte is made up of eight bits. The bits of raster graphics data (l’s and O’s) you send to the printer describe single dots to be printed: a 1 indicates you want a dot printed, and a 0 indicates you do not want a dot printed.
Your dimension commands specify an area to the right and down from the current print position. If you define an area larger than the page, your printer will accept the command. It will, however, cut off your pattern or rule at the boundaries of the page’s printable area. When the printer finishes its print “map” of your rule or pattern, the print position automatically returns to the spot from which you started.
i c i’ ,I, ::.., : whether you want to fill your rectangular area with a solid black rule, a finely dotted gray-scale pattern, or apredefined linear pattern. And with the Specify Pattern command you can indicate which particular dotted or linear pattern you want. You always send the Specify Pattern command before the Print Pattern command, even if you want a solid black rule. - - To indicate the particular pattern you want, send the following command.
If you want a linear pattern, for n you enter here a pattern number between 1 and 6 inclusive, identifying one of the linear patterns below. #6 You always send the following Print Pattern command after a Specify Pattern command. This Print Pattern command identifies whether the area you have defined is to be filled with a rule, dotted gray-scale pattern, or linear pattern: ,*cnP For n enter a value from the following table.
If n = 5 has been selected, you will need the following command. *v n T This command selects the current pattern type to be applied to source images (not rectangular areas) before printing. Pattern Solid black Solid white Currently defined shading pattern Currently defined cross-hatched pattern n Value 0 Mm) 1 2 4 For n = 2 or 3, the pattern defined by the most recent *c n G command is used. To change the pattern, a new aSC>*c n G and a new *v n T command are needed.
I I But to print an area filled with the horizontal bar pattern, the commands you send would be: *c 1G *c lg 3P .) VECTOR GRAPHICS The Star LaserPrinter 8111provides the ability to print vector graphics using the HP-GL/Z graphics language. Polygon mode In HP-GL/2, there is a special mode of operation, the polygonmode, in which many commands are not executed but store the path they would otherwise draw in the polygon buffer.
These commands have the following side-effects: they set Pl to the lower left comer and I?2 to the upper right comer of the picture frame, set the soft clipping window to coincide with the picture frame, clear the polygon buffer, and move the cursor to Pl . If n in either of these commands is zero, the picture frame is set to its default size.
To leave the HP-GL/Z mode, use the following escape sequence. cESC>% n A If n is 0 (or an even number), the cursor is reset to its position before entering HP-GL/2; if n is 1 (or odd), the cursor remains at its current position. After this command, subsequent HP-GL/2 commands am treated as text and will be printed. HP-GU2 status When the following commands are given, they have the same results, whether the printer is in the standard LaserJet III emulation mode or the HPGL/2 mode. E the the 9 the .
&fn A the picture frame is set to its default size. the frame anchor is set to its default position. the plot size is set to its default size. Pl and P2 are set to their default positions. the cursor is set to Pl. . the clip window is set to its default size. the polygon window is cleared. l l l l l l HP-GU2 Syntax In HP-GL/2, the command format is: sXlsX2srPsrP....
HP-GU2 commands Commands are described as follows: mnemonic (command name) (list of parameters) Optional parameters am enclosed in brackets [] together with their default values in braces {]. Coordinates are considered to be integers. Angles are expressed in degrees and are considered to be clamped real numbers. If a parameter is outside its specified range, the command is ignored.
y-coordinate of center, relative to cgc dye: chord angle: angle subtended by chord, from 0.5 to 180 (For other parameters, see AA above.) AT (absolute arc, three xi: yi: xe: ye: chord angle: point) (xi, yi, xe, ye, [chord angle (511) x-coordinate of intermediate point I y-coordinate of intermediate point I x-coordinate of end point E y-coordinate of end point E angle subtended by chord, from 0.5 to 180 With the current position F, this command draws an arc containing points F, IandE.
movement is down when “lines” is positive and up when it is negative. (A CP command with no parameters is the same as CR, LF within a label.) DF (default) Resets HP-GL/2 parameters to their default values and sets the carriagereturn point to the current cursor position. DI (absolute direction) ([x,y {l,O}]) x: clamped real, text path “run” clamped real, text path “rise” Y: These parameters determine the slope and direction of subsequent text.
. F line: clamped integer, determines direction of line feed = 0 line feed down with respect to text path direction = 1 line feed up with respect to text path direction EA (edge rectangle absolute) (x, y) x: x-coordinate of opposite comer y-coordinate of opposite comer Y: This command draws a rectangle with the current cursor position as one corner and the diagonally opposite comer at x, y. This command clears the polygon buffer, then uses the buffer to draw. See the section on the polygon mode.
- A wedge whose sweep angle is 360 degrees or greater is drawn as a circle with no line connected to the center. If the sweep angle is zero, it is a single straight line from the center to the starting point. This command clears then draws to the polygon buffer. FI (select primary font by ID) (font id) font id: a font ID as used in standard LaserJet III emulation mode command
: -- - i For types 3 and 4: . The line spacing is given in current units and is measured along the xaxis. A zero value gives a solid fill and a negative value invalidates the command. The default value is 1% of the distance Pl to P2. If the current units are plotter units, turning scaling on or moving Pl and P2 has no effect on the spacing. If user units are used, the spacing varies as Pl and P2 ate moved; turning scaling off fixes the spacing in the plotter unit equivalent to the current user unit.
xur: yur: x-coordinate of upper right comer of soft-clip window y-coordinate of upper right comer of soft-clip window The command sets the position and size of the soft-clip window and determines the effective clip window as the intersection of the printable area, the logical page, the picture frame and the soft-clip window.
Control characters recognized are: , , , , , cSI>, , . __ A label cannot be stated for use elsewhere on the page. LO (label origin) (position ( 1 }) position: clamped integer; code indicating the start position of a label relative to the current point. In order to use this command for centering, right justification, etc., it is necessary to store the label temporarily. The Star LaserPrinter 8111has a buffer capable of storing the longest possible label (see LB above).
a solid line pattern, the following commands clear the previous line type and any residual pattern: AC, DF, IN, IP, IR, IW, LA, LT, PW, RF, RO, SC, SP, ULandWU. The pattern length is measured as a percentage of the distance between Pl and P2 if mode = 0, or in millimeter of mode = 1. If not specified, the current values of pattern length and mode are used. PA (plot absolute) ([xl, yl, x2, y2, ... xn, yn]) xl: x-coordinate of first point y-coordinate of first point yl: etc.
The coordinates are interpreted as absolute if the command is not preceded by a PR command. PE (polyline encoded) flag: value: coordinates: ([flag, value or coordinate pair, ....flag. value or coordinate pair]) character character encoded character encoded With this command, there should be no separators between parameters, and the command terminator <;> must be used.
With base 64, these digits have values 0, 1, .... 63; they am encoded as characters as follows: + 191 ASCII decimal code al: 1 192 2 253 254 63 0 a2toan 1 -+ ASCII decimal code 2 63 64 125 126 63 0 With base 32, these digits have values 0, 1 ....31.
Mode 0 starts the polygon mode, in which the following commands can be used: AA, AR, AT, CI, DF, IN, PA, PD, PE, PMl, PM2, PR, PU, PR. Reset command E can also be given. The polygon stored using these commands can be edged (using EP) or filled (using FP) once the polygon mode has been left (PM2). The pen location at the time PM0 is issued becomes the first point in the buffer. Mode 1 closes the polygon defined so far, if not already closed. The next point becomes the first point of the new polygon.
This command fills the rectangle defined by cgc and (x,y) using the current fill. The pen up/down status is not affected by this command and the rectangle is drawn regardless of the pen status. This command clears the polygon buffer, then uses the buffer to draw. RP (raster fill) ([index [,width, height, pen [pen, ... pen]]]) index: clamped integer, number of pattern (1 to 8) width: clamped integer, width of pattern in pixels (8, 16,32, 64) height: clamped integer, height of pattern in pixels (8, 16.
Same as RA except that the coordinates are relative. This command clears the polygon buffer, then uses it to draw. RT (relative arc, three points) (dxi, dyi, dxe, dye, [chord angle IS)]) x-coordinate of intermediate point I dxi: y-coordinate of intermediate point I dyi: x-coordinate of end point E dxe: y-coordinate of end point E dye: angle subtended by chord, from 0.5 to 180. chord angle: Same as AT except that the coordinates are relative.
. the rectangle whose diagonal is Ql - Q2 is the largest which is contained in the rectangle whose diagonal is Pl - P2.
SI (absolute character size) ([width, height (see below)]) width: clamped real, width of characters in centimeters height: clamped real, height of characters in centimeters The default width and height depend on the pitch and size selected with the AD or SD command. Once this command is given, the width and height of characters do not change when Pl and P2 move. Without parameters, this command selects the size implied by AD or SD.
SP(=lect pen)Un WI> n: integer, pen number (0 or 1) This command must be set in order to output. Pen 0 is white; it is used when no drawing is required or to draw white lines on a black fill, with transparency off. Pen 1 is black; values of n greater than 1 are treated as 1. SR (relative character size) ([width, height (.75, 1.
7-R(tmspa=ncy)([n I 1II) n: - In the transparent mode, white source dots do not change the destination pixel; in the opaque mode, such dots white out the destination pixel. Note the similarity to the standard *vnN command, but also note that the opposite meanings of the parameter values. Also, there is no command corresponding to the standard *vnO. L - clamped integer = 0: opaque mode = 1: transparent mode ‘C_ L UL (userdefined line type) (index [dash], gap1 [, ...
MACROS Using macros There’s a great shortcut that simplifies the task of sending commands to your LaserPrinter 8111:use macros. A macro is a single control code, which you can define yourself, that does the work of a whole long series of printer commands. Any LaserJet III emulation command can go into a macro. Putting macros together to automatically repeat sequences of tasks is like using a real programming language.
FUNCTION Start defining macro. Creates a new macro with the last specified macro number. This macro will be temporary; to make it permanent use
8 Delete last specified macro. 9 Make last specified macro temporary. 10 Make last specified macro pennanent. Example: Macros The following program loads and runs a macro. The macro moves an inch and a half right and down three inches from the top left comer of the page, where it prints a 25 percent gray-scale bar. It then ejects the paper.
The small-carriage EX-800 is one of Epson’s more recent dot-matrix printers. Because of the popularity of the IBM Personal Computer, which was marketed with a modified Epson printer, thousands of software programs already work with Epson printer commands. If you have a program that doesn’t work with laser printer commands, you’ll almost certainly find it will work with the commands in the Star LaserPrinter 8111’sEX-800 emulation mode.
But some commands include two n variables, which are shown as nl and n2. These normally represent bytes to be added together to produce one sum, in which nl represents single units and n2 represents 256-unit groups. Finally, a few commands can have many n variables (such as tab stops), which are listed the same way. And one or two include a second kind of variable, which are shown in this chapter as single lowercase letters, such as corm.
. l l left-to-right (unidirectional) printing control U i (“incremental” or “typewriter” mode) CONTROLLING THE PRINTER Putting the printer online or offline L L You can send control codes (described in Chapter 2 under “Serial Interface”) to put your printer offline and then online again. If you are using a parallel interface, any data your computer sends after you put the printer offline will not be printed. .
FORMATTING PAGES Page length You can define page length in either inches or lines-a matter of personal preference. When you first start EX-800 emulation your printer sets the page length to 11 inches and 66 lines. The definition of a “line” depends on the lines-per-inch spacing. If you change line spacing after you set the page length, the page length won’t change. And if you print pages actually longer than the installed paper tray, the Star LaserPrinter 8111will print them on two sheets each.
For example, say you have set the page length to 84 lines (legal size paper at 6 lines per inch), with the top-of-page 8 lines down. You then send: N16 This will give you 8 lines of top margin (implied by your topof-page setting) and 8 lines of bottom margin. The printer knows you want 84-16=68 lines of text, so it prints those, skips 8 lines at the bottom of the first page, plus 8 more lines at the top of the next page to make up the total perforation skip of 16 lines.
Side margins To set the left margin to a particular column you send this command: /n in which n is the column number for the left margin. (Note that the character t is a lowercase L.) Column width is determined by the current pitch (for example l/12 inch for 12-pitch), or is set at l/10 inch forproportional spaced text. Once margins are set, changing the pitch does not affect margins. Same rules apply for the right margin: you send this command: in which n is the column number for the right margin.
P‘1 I:. 2’ -- ..
Carriage return The printer moves the print position back to the left margin when you send a carriage return control code. The print position will not move down to the next line (unless on the front panel’s menu you have set the Auto Line Feed parameter ON): Line feed commands The line spacing commands define what a “line” means for the following commands. The default vertical spacing is six lines per inch.
_- Left-to-right printing The EX-800 normally prints bidirectionally, with the print position moving alternately left-to-right and right-to-left. Cutting down printhead motion does speed up printing for those earlier styles of printer- though it hardly compares with laser printing. L The problem with bidirectional printing is that the printhead can get slightly out of alignment.
To complete the command, for n2 you enter the number of full groups of 256 increments you want to move. And for nl you enter the number of increments left over. Confused? Here’s an example. This command:
To clear the old and set new tab stops, send this Set Horizontal Tabs command: This command needs a bit of explanation. The nl and n2 and so on are the columnnumbers where you want to set tab stops. The three dots ... just mean you can list more columns, as many as 64 in total. List them in ascending order. Either a final &IIJL> (control code 0), or a column number less than that preceding it, will end the command.
Vertical tabs in channels This next pair of commands, which lets you store and use several different sets of vertical tabs, is rarely used. They’re mostly for putting data into preprinted forms, or for unusual reports that need different tab settings on different pages. The basic idea is that different sets of tabs get stored in what the Epson people call channels (think of them as separate columns of tab stops). You can store up to eight different channels, so long as they total no more than 64 tab stops.
:. -. Orientation The EX-800 emulation has no command to change orientation, so use the Select Orientation superset command if you need to print in landscape mode. If the printer doesn’t have enough memory in which to rotate the font, it displays that message on the panel and uses instead the closest font it has in the orientation you’ve chosen. Symbol set The standard EX-800 symbol set is ASCII, at least for the first half of its 256 character slots.
.- 6 Italy Spain I 7 Japan 8 Norway 9 Denmark11 10 11 Spain II Latin America 12 The particular symbols the command will give you are shown in the chart below. ccluN!mY us (ASCII) France e-Y England Denmark1 Sweden Italy Spain I Japan NOmY Denmark II Spain II Latin America Because the EX-800 and Proprinter emulations are quite similar, EX-800 emulation gives your software access to the same accented alphabet characters and graphics symbols as the Proprinter emulation.
Most significant bit Very few computers still send just seven bits to their printers, the way the Apple II + and TRS-80 did. But if you find yourself in this situation all is not lost. You can still gain access to the symbols in the upper half of the EX-800 symbol set (either italics or character graphics) with the following three commands. These commands control the state of the eighth bit, the high-order or most significant bit, which is the leftmost bit in a binary string.
Character spacing EX-800 emulation lets you control the amount of space inserted after characters, sometimes called the offset. You might want, for example, to justify a line of print yourself. With the Character Spacing command you can add to the distance each character advances, in increments of 1/12Oth inch. The command does not affect the selected pitch. To adjust the character spacing, send this command:
b: E’ i: / To shift into condensed print, send either of these commands: or _.. Condensed print will stay on until you select a different print mode or send the following Cancel Condensed print control code, which returns printing to the IO-pitch default: L Extended print Extended print is wider than it is high; EX-800 owners sometimes call it “double-width” print. Extended print looks good in headings. Selecting extended print means selecting a font with wider characters.
., - Style EX-800 emulation lets you use italics characters without defining italics as a separate font, since it can store italics in the upper half of its symbol set. To select italic characters, send this command: 4 And to return to upright characters, send this command: 5 Note: in neither of these commands do you send the actual number 4 or 5. Instead, use the ASCII symbols for those numbers.
Typeface The Star LaserPrinter 8111uses Courier font as its default EX-800 font. You use the Select Emulation superset command to switch into another emulation to select a cartridge or downloaded font, but you won’t be able to bring that font back into EX-800 mode. That’s because EX-800 emulation always starts with Courier as its default font. Underline The underline command under EX-800 emulation puts underlines under spaces as well as characters.
An example: Proportional bold extended looks good as a title. To get it you add up the n values for those three (2 + 8 + 32 = 42), and send the command: !42 Subscripts and superscripts Subscript mode prints characters at half of the normal height, in the lower part of the line space. Superscript mode prints characters at half of the normal height, but in the upper part of the line space. You may want subscripts and superscripts for footnote numbers or mathematical formulas.
I User-defined characters You can create and print your own custom characters with EX-800 emulation, but you probably won’t want to. The Star LaserPrinter 8111provides more convenient access to special symbol sets than this, particularly through LaserJet III emulation. -. But if you have used a character-creation program designed for Epson printers, you could need to get at symbols you have defined yourself.
Printing dots EX-800 emulation prints graphics as lines eight pin-dots high. You just specify which of the eight dots to print for each dot-wide column. That sounds easy, but it can be a lot of work. It means specifying an eightbit binary number 60 to 240 times per inch, right across the page. That’s maybe 2000 calculations for every line! As you can imagine, graphics software uses plenty of program loops. The figure below shows the value of each dot on the left.
I6. !; i ._ So to print just 150 columns of graphics, you would send this command: K4 1 This one translates to 4 + (1 x 256) = 260 columns. Remember to put exucrZythe right number of columns in your command. Otherwise you’ll inadvertently use text as graphics data, or vice versa.
MODE MODE MODE MODE MODE MODE MODE MODE # # # # # # # # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 m m -1 You’ve already seen an example of the first command, code- work exactly the same way. Neither Y nor
mean changing a lot of commands. It’s easier to send one command that changes the density for ? c m For c you substitute whichever command identifier you want to change (K, L, Y or2). And form you enter the mode number of the new density you want that command to have, from the table above. Nine-pin graphics I. . c-. - -. c ..
To print nine-pin graphics, send this command before your graphics data: h d nl n2 The variable d is a number indicating density. If d is any even number the density will be 60 dots per inch, but if d is an odd number the density will be 120 dots per inch. The n2 in this command, as with other graphics commands, means the number of 256-column groups of data you are sending (between 0 and 4). And nl is the number of leftover columns (0 to 255).
The IBM Proprinter, like the Epson EX-800, is a dot-matrix printer. The Proprinter and Proprinter XL have proved popular because they come with IBM’s predictable quality. The IBM Proprinter is quite similar to the Epson EX-800 and thus shares most of the same commands. In this chapter, therefore, we list the commands common to both, but describe in detail only the Proprinter commands that differ from the EX-800.
You may also prefer to use Proprinter mode if you need to print these special character from IBM’s symbol set: In fact, though, you can use the IBM symbol set with any of the other emulations. Unsupported commands The Star LaserPrinter 8111ignores the following commands because they are meaningless on a laser printer.
FORMATTING PAGES Identical formatting commands The Proprinter commands in the following list am identical to those of the EX-800. If you’re not sure how they work, see “Formatting Pages” in chapter 5. Set Page Length in Lines Set Page Length in Inches Set Skip Over Perforation Cancel Skip Over Pevoration n Nn 0 Set top of page Before you set the page top (in effect the top margin) you first move the print position to where you want the top of the page to be.
Set Vertical Tabs Tab Vertically Tab Horizontally B nZn2...n644UL> 4Tl-b Define line spacing You can set the line spacing, in increments of l/72 inch, using the following Define Line Spacing command. However, the value you define is only stored inmemory until you send the 2 command to actually put it into effect. A n For n enter the number of increments you want, between 0 (zero) and 255.
Turning automatic line feed on or off You can set the carriage return to move the print position just to the left margin, or to the left margin and also down a line. Use this command: 5n, -._ ._ - L. If you make n any odd number (maximum 255) the printer will do a line feed after each carriage return. If you make n even (maximum 256) the printer will not produce automatic line feeds. This command can override the setting of the AUTO CR parameter on the front panel’s program menu.
- CONTROLLING FONTS Selecting fonts The Star LaserPrinter 8111uses Courier font as its default Proprinter font. It switches to the Line Printer font for condensed print, and to Prestige for 12pitch. You can select these through the front panel’s program menu. Orientation Portrait and landscape orientations are available through the front panel’s program menu or the Select Orientation superset command.
Printing international characters Control codes are not printable. But Character Set 2 stores accented vowel characters and currency symbols in ASCII positions normally occupied by control codes. And both symbol sets store playing card symbols (heart, club, diamond and spade) in control code positions. You have to go out of your way in IBM Proprinter mode to print those “protected” characters.
Pitch Proprinter pitches include 5, 6, 10, 12 and 16.66 characters per inch, all available from the front panel’s program menu. Ten-pitch is the default spacing in Proprinter mode. To change to a pitch of 12 characters per inch (elite), you can send this command: : To turn off compressed or 12-pitch printing and select lo-pitch (pica) again, send this control code: Font height Proprinter emulation automatically gives you the font heights that correspond to the spacing you are using.
Overscoring An overscore is a line drawn above the characters in a word. Some people use overscoring to indicate text they want to cross out, because it leaves the words easy to read. If you want an overscore, use this command: _ n -._ The character after the Escape code is the underline character. If for n you enter 1 (one) then you select an over-score; if n is 0 (zero) you turn off overscoring. -_ - GRAPHICS k__ Identical graphics commands -..
NOTES - - - j e 154
.-. This final chapter in your Star LaserPrinter 8111Applications Manual holds two main sections. The first on will help you with your programming job, while the last provides the symbol set tables. We’ve summarized all commands in ASCII order here. You’ll find them organized by function in chapters 4 through 6. The Star LaserPrinter’s symbol sets have been included so that you can see exactly what characters are available to you.
. COMMAND SUMMARY HP LaserJet Ill Emulation Printer Commands Command Function cHT> % nA % n B &a n C &a n H &a n L &a n M &a n P &a n R cESC>&a n V &d@ cESC>&d n D &f n S &f n X cESC>.
Page 79 Command Function &p n X &s n C Transparent print data End-of-line wrap Select primary font symbol set Select default primary font Designate downloaded font as primary Select primary font stroke weight Select primary font pitch Select primary font spacing Select primary font style Select primary font typeface Select primary font height Download character descriptor/data Select secondary font symbol set Select default secondary font Designate downloaded font as secondary Select secondary
Command * c n X cESC>* c n Y cESC>*p n X *p n Y cESC>*rB *rC *r n A *r n S *r n T *t n R *v n N *v n 0 *v n T 9 = E Y Z [En [On [ Sn z AA AC AD AR AT CF CI CP DF DI DR DT DV 158 Function Page Set picture frame horizontal size in 94 decipoints Set picture frame vertical size in 94 decipoints Position horizontal cursor in dots 61 62 Position vertical cursor in dots End raster graphics 89 End raster graphics? 89 Sta
L.-. L. _- . L.. -. .
Command SP SR ss sv TD TR UL WG Function (select pen) (relative character size) (select standard font) (screened vectors) (transparent data) (transparency) (user-defined line type (fill wedge) (unit for pen width) Page 114 114 114 114 114 115 115 115 115 Epson EX-800 Emulation Printer Commands Command 4rl-b CLD 4-F> cESC> n ! n cESC> # $nln2 *mnl n2 -&SC> - n &SC> / c cEsc> 0 1 160 Functio
Function Page Set line spacing to l/6 inch 125 Set line spacing to n/216 inch 125 cESC> 3 n 4 Select italic characters 136 5 Select upright characters 136 Expand printable code area cESC> 6 139 139 7 Cancel expansion of printable code area One-line unidirectional printing cEsc> < 127 = Set MSB of received codes to be 0 133 Set MSB of received codes to be 1 133 ? c m Assign graphics mode 143 Reset the printer 121 A n 125
Command Function Page 128 \nl n2 Move cursor to relative dot position 144 b c nl n2.. .
Function Command Set page length in lines C n
SYMBOL SETS This section gives tables of the symbol sets for the Star Laser-Printer 8111. The decimal character code of each character is shown in an inset to the lower right of the character. The hexadecimal code can be found by reading the entries at the top and left edges of the table. For example, the character “A” is in column 4 and row 1, so its hexadecimal character code is 41. This is equivalent (4 x 16 + l= 65) to decimal 65, the number in the inset.
E ; ,’ r . ID Number Symbol Name Math-7 OA .- 12 0 1 - ! 9 I 1 01 3 1 16! 1 32! 4 1 48! 5 .- 1 641 6 1 801 7 -- 1 9 ._ - -.. I A -. - 1 rI jT2 1cESC> tP -a-u 1 57 1 41 0 1 73 1 1* 8 1 1._ C 1 - 1 1 121 1 281 1 D - ! 1 13! 1 291 1 451 y I 611 . 1 I 30 1 46 1 78 I 14 F CSI, 1 1 441 1 601 -l=-l.l-.lu
ID 1!Jumber OB Symbol Name Line Draw -
ID Number Symbol Name OD IS0 60: Norwegian 0 0 1 2 3 1 I 1 cDC2> 1 I xDC3, 167
Symbol Name ID Number Roman Extension OE 0 12 3 xNUL> 0 - I jT6 1 1 4 a 1 5 A 1 6 .
ID Number Symbol Name OF IS0 25: French 0 0 12 3 0 1 4 5 psi 5 P 1 6 * 7 p 1112 8 9
Symbol Name ID Number HP German 0 3 12
Symbol Name ID Number IS0 15: Italian 01 8 SBb,(LAN, 1 1 ( 1 8~Hrji.X~hfizxfi 9 a -- 1
ID Number OK 172 Symbol Name JIS ASCII
ID Number ON Symbol Name ECMA-94 Latin 1
ID Number ON Symbol Name ECMA-94 Latin 1 (cont.) .
ID Number 00 Symbol Name OCR-A
ID Number Symbol Name Math-8A OQ 0 3 12 (NUL, - 1 4 n 1 31 1 191 1 35! 1 7! 1 231 1 391 5 l-t 1 511 6 7 ..
ID Number Symbol Name IS0 11: Swedish OS 0 n 6 7 1 I 12 3 tNUL> 1 5 6 7 -O-B-P-B-p- 1 1 4 1 , 1 7 1 G I W 1 g fi w 1119 177
ID Number Symbol Name ou US-ASCII 12 0 0 3 4 5 6 7 .- 9 A I . # 1 1 I 1 A c 1 s 1 c 1 a n s 1115 t (CAN, 1 3 -..
Symbol Name ID Number Bar Code 39 OY 0 3 12 5 4 6 7 - .-... 51 1 511 I 67 1 1 521 1 1 441 1 601 1 761 I a3 , k.. iq II 1 jiiz 1 921 11 L_ - i- - . .
ID Number Symbol Name 1D IS0 61: Norwegian 0 0 12 4 5 6 7 -!-l-A-O-a_q I 101 180 3 I 261 ,CCP.
ID Number I Symbol Name 1E IS0 UK 0 1 2 3 1
ID Number Symbol Name 1F IS0 69: French 0 12
ID Number Symbol Name IS0 21: German 1G 1 lob 0 I CBS, 8 pi CHT, 9 [ x 1 3 0 1 4 5 0 6 7 * 1 ( 1 8~HjTXEhEXEi- ) 1 g~l~y~i~y~ * .
ID Number Symbol Name 10 OCR-B 0 0 pl E E Ts 5 6 9 A B C D E F 184 1r-z F I, 118 (OC3> 3 I 1.
Symbol Name ID Number OCR-B (cont.) 10 L. 8 _.. k__ -. .._ i... L.. -.. L _. .
ID Number Symbol Name Math-8B 1Q c - 1 1 O! 1 16! 1 321 t 481 1 64! 1 I 1 - 1 1 11 1 17! 1 331 1 491 1 65! 1 El! ‘I 971 A
ID Number Symbol Name HP Spanish 1s 1 - ! 1116j F 1.
i' ID Number 1U Symbol Name Legal
ID Number 2K Symbol Name IS0 57: Chinese 8 9 C < 1124
ID Number 2Q Symbol Name Pi Font-A 1 IF 2 3 4 6 190 ‘ - -L lllE
Symbol Name ID Number 2s I~~ IS0 17: Spanish _- o n - I 2 3 5 6 7 (NUL, -07s~p~‘~pE 1 32! 1 48 1 - ! 1 01 1 16! I 1 ~'Oc1'!!11-A-Q-a7q 1 4 1113 ._. -. , 1 -_I 1 1 8 7 G i W 187 g jiE w [119 ~-8~H~X~hl-izX~ 1 56 - ! 1 B! 1 24! .
ID Number Symbol Name 2u IS0 IRV . 0 12 3 1 -!-l-A-O-a-q li I 171 cDCZ> 2 1 1 tDC3, 3 1 1 I 331 11 # jTl j-E I 3 , f-T 1 192 F - 1 491 2 3 I f2-l [ 651 - B c R 1 s 1 1 . , . 5 7 6 cDCl> 1 - E 4 i CBS, I cHT> 1
ID Number Symbol Name OCR-B Extension 3Q -._ 0 1 - -~ 1 11 2- - I2 I 1 18 331 1 49 I 34 1 50 1 66 1 1 1 1 82 cDC3, 3 1 I 1 I 1 - 1 - I 8 -. gI 9 1 1 1 1 1 R 1 0 1 98 1 [i14 1 1115 1 1 1 1 JO! I B6! 1104 1118l 1 791 1 951 11111 11271 - ._. 1 6! 1 22! 1 38! 1 54! 1 301 1 461 1 621 1 311 I 471 I 631 .- ,-. .-.
ID Number Symbol Name 3s IS0 0 n 7 3 1 1 CSI, I cRS> f7rly-z 1 N 1 - 1 n lllo jiz
ID Number -. Symbol Name 4s IS0 16: Portuguese ._- 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 - - I I4 I I 1 1 ) pi * 9 1 .
ID Number Symbol Name 5s IS0 84: Portuguese 0 12 3 II m -o-‘-P-‘-D- 116 1 32
Symbol Name ID Number 6s IS0 85: Spanish -- I 0 ’ _ n - 2 1 4 3 6 5 7 l-7 1 ) 1 * 1 g~l~y~iliEy~. : 1 J fi Z1 j 1106zE .
ID Number Symbol Name 8M Math-8 0 3 4 5 6 198 4 5 6 7 0 w I 1 1 17 I 33 I 49 1 65 1 81 1 22 1 38 1 54 1 70 1 86 1 30 1 46 1 62 1 78 1 94 1 I 97 ’ 1113 3 4 5 1 6 1 14 F 3 0 1 12 CSI, 1 (US> = I / pii 1 0 ~-~ - 1102 ‘- 1118 1110 0 1126 # j-iii1127
ID Number Symbol Name 8M Math-8 (cont.) i.
ID Number Symbol Name IBM-PC Set f3Q 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 .
ID Number Symbol Name 8Q IBM-PC Set (cont.
ID Number Symbol Name Roman-8 8U 2 0 1 1 01 1 161 1 3 4 1 @1 p 5 6 I 'P1 7 1112 -1,.A-0,.
ID Number 8U b- Symbol Name Roman-8 (cont.
ID Number 8Y 204 Symbol Name Bar Code EAN/UPC
Symbol Name ID Number IBM-PC Extension 9Q 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 1
1 i: t, ,’ ID Number 99 I 206 Symbol Name IBM-PC Extension (cont.
ID Number 1ou Symbol Name IBM-PC(US) ' 7 P lq r s i 112 113 114 115 -4 126 207
ID Number 1ou Symbol Name IBM-PC(US) (cont.
ID Number 1lQ - 6 Symbol Name ECMA-94 7-bit I 37t I 53: I 69/ Iloli 1117{
ID Number Symbol Name IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) 11U 0 1 2 I 3 I 5 4 1 6 I 7 0 P 1 q 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A I 93 94 * 210 m n 109 110 112 113
ID Number 11u Symbol Name IBM-PC (Denmark/No (cont.) AIB c ID I 4 193 f s T t -. -. -._ . .
t,, k ID Number 12u Symbol Name PC-850
ID Number 12u Symbol Name PC-850 (cant .- I8 L. g lAIB E I F L. h.. . . . -. -. -_ L L.
ID Number 15u 214 Symbol Name Pi Font
IAl ASCII, 6-11 ASCII symbol set, 39,131 attributes.
corona wire, 4 Courier font, 6,41,137,152 current settings, 15 ccl DCl/DC3 protocol, 17,121 default settings, 15 Define Line Spacing command Proprinter mode, 148 density, graphics EX-800 mode, 141-144 descenders, 34 desktop publishing, 42-43 DIP switches, 14 Display Functions command, 79-80 double-density graphics EX-800 mode, 142 Proprinter mode, 153 double-strike print, 33 EX-800 mode, 136 Proprinter mode, 151 double-width print EX-800 mode, 135 Proprinter mode, 151 downloadable fonts, 38,44-47 drum, 4
EX-800 mode, 131 HP LaserJet III mode, 54-69 Proprinter mode, 150 fonts, 2,33-47 bit-mapped, 36 cartridge, 37-38,43-44 downloadable, 37-38,44-47 internal. 36-37 managing, 41-47 optional, 43 outline, 38 primary, 67 secondary, 67 sources for, 39 font selection, 42 EX-800 mode, 130 HP LaserJet III mode, 66-68 Proprinter mode, 150 font size commands Proprinter mode, 151 font storage, 36-47 font style commands.
El labels, 23-24 landscape orientation. See font orientation LaserJet III emulation mode. See HP LaserJet III emulation mode layout parameter. 14,25-26 LCD display, 20 leading, 34 left margin commands EX-800 mode, 124 HP LaserJet III mode, 55 line depth commands HP LaserJet III mode. 59 line feed commands auto, 22 EX-800 mode. 126 HP LaserJet III mode, 67 Proprinter mode, 147-148 Line Printer font.
-. L. L_ L. -. .._ b.-_. L.- L. ._ HP LaserJet III mode, 89-93 perforation region, 56 pica characters, 35 picas, 34 pitch, 27,28,35,39 EX-800 mode, 134 HP LaserJet III mode, 69, 74 Proprinter mode, 152 plotter graphics, 141 point size, 2,27,28,34 popping print position HP LaserJet III mode, 65-66 portrait orientation.
EX-800 mode, 131 HP LaserJet III mode, 70 Proprinter mode, 150 Select Orientation superset command, 31,111,145 Self Test command HP LaserJet III mode, 51 serial interface, 3,16-l 8 side margin commands EX-800 mode, 124 HP LaserJet III mode, 55 single-density graphics EX-800 mode, 141 Proprinter mode, 153 Skip-Over-Perforation commands EX-800 mode, 122 Proprinter mode, 147 space command EX-800 mode, 125 spacing, 28,35,69 EX-800 mode, 124 HP LaserJet III mode, 73 See also line spacing commands; monospacing;
-._. - El vertical motion index.
Consumer Response Star Micmnics Co., Ltd. invites your suggestions and comments on your printer and this manual. Please address your correspondence to: Worldwide Headquarters: STAR MICRONICS CO., LTD. 194 Nakayoshida Shizuoka, JAPAN 422-9 1 Attn: Product Manager American Market: STAR MICRONICS AMERICA, INC. 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 2702-25 New York, NY 10170 Atm: Product Manager European Market: STAR MICRONICS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH WesterbachstraI3e 59 P.O. Box 940330 D-6000 Frankfurt/Main 90 F.R.
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